INDEX
- Academea at Athens, 468
- Achaeans, athletic character of, 8, 11
- Acrobats, in Homer, 25;
- Aeginetan pediments, physical type of, 92
- Aeginetan successes, 92, 216, 226
- Aepytus of Elis, rides his father’s horse, 463
- Aezani, stadium, 266
- Africanus compiles Olympic register, 50, 192
- Age, classification by, 271
- Agesidamus of Locri Epizephyrii, boxer, 110
- Ageus of Argos, dolichodromos, 201, 285
- Agias, pankratiast, statue of, at Delphi, 124, 212
- Aglaus of Athens, runner, 273
- Agonothetes, 150
- Akontistes, 150, 506
- Alcibiades, victories at Olympia, 132;
- at Isthmia, 225;
- his feast at Olympia, 207;
- wrestling, 445
- Alcimedon of Aegina, wrestler, 375
- Alcimidas of Aegina, wrestler, 375
- Alcmaeon of Athens, 60
- Aleiptes, 477, 506
- Alexander, son of Amyntas, at Olympia, 47, 80
- Alexander the Great, his contempt for athletics, 127, 154;
- Alexandria, victories at Olympia, 155
- Alexandrini, guild of, 175
- Amentum, 339 ff.
- Amphiaraus vase, 29, 385, 463
- Amphictionies, in Peloponnese, 41
- Anaxilas of Rhegium, 71, 207
- Anaximenes, statue of, at Olympia, 140
- Anolympiads, 45
- Antiochus, pankratiast, Arcadian ambassador to Persia, 143
- Antipater of Miletus, boxer, refuses bribe, 134
- Antiphon, 339, 354
- Anystis, courier, 181
- Aphesis, of stadium, 253, 259, 265, 273;
- Aphetes, or katapaltaphetes, 150
- Aphrodisias, stadium, 260
- Apobates, 71, 237, 461
- Apollo, statues of, 84, 88 ff.
- Apollonius, boxer, disqualified at Olympia, 201
- Apollonius Rhodius, description of boxing, 430
- Apoxyomenos, 124, 482
- Aratus of Sicyon, 157, 160
- Arcesilas of Cyrene, 210
- Archelaus of Macedon, founds Olympia at Dium, 152
- Archilochus of Paros, hymn of, 56, 207
- Argeius of Ceos, boxer, 216, 225, 426
- Argive wrestlers, 393, 401
- Argos, and Olympia, 55;
- Aristomenes of Aegina, wrestler, 375
- Ariston, P. Cornelius, pankratiast, 178, 375
- Aristonicus of Carystus, Alexander’s sphairistes, 485
- Aristophanes, on decline of athletics, 131
- Aristotle, his opinion on athletics, 127;
- on the pentathlon, 136;
- edits list of Olympionicae, 50,
- and Pythionicae, 213;
- statue of, at Olympia, 140
- Armed combat. Vide Hoplomachia
- Armed race. Vide Foot-race
- Arrhichion of Phigalia, pankratiast, 70, 201, 438, 443, 450
- Asclepiades, Publius, inscribed diskos of, 183, 316
- Asinius Quadratus, C., Olympic chronology, 182
- Aspendus, coins of, 103, 373, 385, 441
- Astylus of Croton, runner, proclaimed as a Syracusan, 76, 82, 134
- Atarbus, monument of, 240
- Athenian festivals, 227 ff.;
- Panathenaea, 227;
- Heraclea, 228;
- Eleusinia, 228;
- Oschophoria, 228;
- Thesea, 228, 247;
- Epitaphia, 228;
- Dionysia, 229;
- Aiantea, 229;
- Olympia, 229;
- Bendidea, 229;
- Diisoteria, 229
- Athens, successes at Olympia, 73;
- athletic training at, 108;
- decline of athletics, 131;
- training of epheboi, 149;
- gladiatorial shows at, 172;
- Panathenaic stadium, 263;
- popularity of foot-race and pankration, 272;
- gymnasia and palaestrae, 149, 468 ff.
- Athletes, honours and rewards of, 77;
- profits of, 129;
- transfer of, 134
- Athletic art, 84, 86 ff., 103.
- Athletics, difference between Greek and modern, 3, 5;
- distinguish Greek from barbarian, 47, 107
- Athletics and athletic games, 3;
- and physical training, 186, 510
- Athletics, Greek, practical character of, 1;
- part of education, 2;
- absence of records, 2;
- connexion with religion, 3;
- political importance of, 4;
- danger of excess in, 4;
- vitality of, 5;
- importance attached to style, 2, 114;
- influence of, upon art, 86;
- influence of art upon, 114
- Athletics, history of Greek—
- Northern origin of athletics, 8;
- pre-Achaeans unathletic, 9;
- sport in Homer, 11 ff.;
- sport aristocratic, 14, 25
- Rise of athletic festival, 26 ff.;
- early records of Olympia, 54;
- superiority of Sparta, seventh century, 56;
- athletics in Sicily and Italy, 58;
- sport national and democratic, 60
- Organization of athletics, sixth century, 61;
- profits and rewards of, 76;
- protest of Xenophanes against over-athleticism, 78;
- growth of competition, 79;
- athletic training, 81;
- decline of Sparta, 81;
- age of strong men, 82
- Athletic ideal of fifth century, 86 ff.;
- influence of Persian wars, 107;
- influence of art on athletics, 114
- Growth of specialization 440-338 B.C., 124 ff.;
- athletic diet, 125;
- artificial training, 126;
- rise of medical gymnastics, 129;
- lucrativeness of athletics, 129;
- professionalism, 131;
- corruption, 134;
- brutalization of sport, 135
- The professional strong man, 146;
- age of athletic buildings, 148;
- military training of epheboi, 149;
- athletic revival in Asia and Egypt, 155;
- decline of Italy and Sicily, 160
- Roman prejudice against athletics, 163;
- brutalizing influence of Rome, 172;
- increase of corruption, 174;
- athletic guilds, 174;
- artificial revival of athletics under Empire, 178;
- age of records, 181;
- sports of Sparta, 183;
- Galen condemns athletics, 188;
- Philostratus on the decline of athletics, 190;
- artificiality of training, 191
- Aurelius Asclepiades, M., periodoneikes, 178
- Automedes of Phlius, pentathlete, 368
- Bacchylides, 105, 109, 195, 200, 272
- Balbis, 252, 318 ff.
- Ball-play in Homer, 24;
- at Sparta, 185;
- Galen’s treatise on, 187;
- Alexander fond of, 485;
- rooms for, 485
- Bater, 252, 297
- Bathing arrangements in gymnasium, 479 ff.
- Bathroom at Delphi, 486;
- Beauty, Greek love of, 88
- Belistiche, 159, 462
- Beni-Hassan, wrestling scenes at, 9, 372
- Boat-races, 221, 229, 240, 508
- Bolas, 314
- Boxing—
- In Crete, 9, 10, 403;
- in Homer, 17, 417;
- in Eastern Aegean, 33;
- at Priene (ἐν εἵμασι), 496;
- popularity of, 131, 402
- Himantes, 402;
- sphairai, 406, 136;
- himantes oxeis, 409;
- caestus, 411;
- represented on bronze situlae, 412
- History of, in Greece, 414;
- conditions of, 415;
- position of boxer, 419
- Use of left hand, 422;
- use of right hand, 423;
- the crushed ear, 425;
- foot-work, 425;
- defect of style, 427
- Amycus and Polydeuces in Theocritus, 428;
- in Apollonius Rhodius, 430;
- Dares and Entellus in Vergil, 431, 172;
- laws of, 432
- Practice for, 433
- Boys, competitions for, 80;
- pankration for, 161;
- Claudian, Augustan, 175;
- Isthmian, Pythian, 271
- Bull-baiting at Cnossus, 10
- Burgon vase, 242, 457
- Bybon, inscription of, on weight, 83
- Bye, importance of, 370, 374
- Caestus, 136, 172.
- Callippus of Athens, pentathlete, bribes opponents, 134, 136
- Caprus of Elis, pankratiast, 146
- Carrhotus, charioteer of Arcesilas, 463
- Ceos, athletic successes of, 107, 216, 226;
- list of victors, 216;
- ephebic inscription, 151, 502
- Chariot, four-horse and two-horse, 457
- Charioteer, 111, 463;
- Chariot-race, in Homer, 15;
- in funeral games, 31, 32;
- antiquity of, at Olympia, 40, 56;
- tyrants compete in, 59;
- popularity of, in Sicily, 132, 451;
- in Sparta, 133;
- in Macedon, 161;
- discontinuance of, at Olympia, 165;
- at Pythia, 211;
- at Isthmia, 221;
- at Nemea, 225;
- at Athens, 235 ff.;
- women compete in, 462;
- states compete in, 463;
- danger of, 463.
- Vide also Hippodrome
- Chilon, death of, at Olympia, 73
- Chionis of Sparta, runner, 58, 70
- Chios, girls and men wrestle, 387
- Chromius of Aetna, chariot, 114, 225
- Cimon of Athens, 73, 468
- Cirrus, 377
- Claudius Rufus, T., pankratiast, decree in honour of, 115
- Cleisthenes of Sicyon, 60, 63, 66, 210
- Cleitomachus of Thebes, boxer, wrestler, pankratiast, 146, 199;
- Cleitostratus of Rhodes, wrestler, 401
- Clothes, penalty for stealing, in gymnasium, 477;
- provision for care of, 500
- Cnossus, bull-baiting at, 9;
- Coins—
- Athletic types on, 103;
- diskobolos (Cos), 330;
- wrestlers (Aspendus, Alexandria, Heraclea, Syracuse, Tarentum), 372, 373, 385, 390
- Equestrian types on coins of Italy and Sicily, 451;
- mule car (Rhegium, Messana), 460;
- torch-race, apobates (Tarentum), 461;
- chariot (Catana), 465;
- (Syracuse, Agrigentum), 465;
- chariot and horse on coins of Macedon, 459
- The Zeus of Pheidias (Elis), 178;
- nymph Olympia and Victory (Elis), 194;
- prize table (Delphi), 214;
- crown (Delphi), 214;
- (Corinth), 222;
- (Argos), 224
- Colotes, prize-table of, 121
- Colts, races for, 161;
- Competition, Greek love of, 3
- Coroebus of Elis, first Olympic victor, 50, 54
- Corruption in athletics, 134, 148, 174, 218
- Cretans excel as runners, 284
- Creugas and Damoxenus at Nemea, 421, 432
- Croton, victories of, 58, 82, 284;
- tries to rival Olympia, 82
- Cryptoporticus, 494, 498
- Cylon of Athens, 71, 73
- Cynisca, 133, 462
- Cynosarges, 149, 468
- Cypselus, chest of, 30, 60
- Damagetus of Sparta, boxer, 73
- Damaretus of Heraea, hoplitodromos, statue of, 70
- Damaretus, king of Sparta, chariot-race, 133
- Damiscus of Messene, boy runner, 271
- Damonon, inscription, 133, 284, 151, 463
- Damostratus, wrestler, epigram on, 377
- Dead heats, 206
- Deinosthenes of Sparta, courier, 155 n. 2
- Delos, festival at, 33;
- Delphi, charioteer, 111;
- inscription, περὶ οἴνου, 126;
- stadium, 257;
- gymnasium, 483
- Democrates of Tenedos, decree in honour of, 156
- Diadumenos of Polycleitus, 96
- Diagoras of Rhodes, 180
- Diagoridae of Rhodes, 47, 130, 179
- Diaulos, 51, 280, 283
- Diet of athletes, 124, 126, 191
- Dikon of Syracuse, runner, 137
- Diodorus, gymnasiarchos, stele of, 491
- Diodorus of Pergamum, gymnasiarchos, restores gymnasium, 500
- Dion, accounts of archonship of, at Delphi, 261, 483
- Dion of Prusa (Chrysostom) at the Isthmia, 173, 214
- Dionysodorus of Thebes and Alexander, 154
- Diophon, pentathlete, epigram on, 359, 368
- Discipline enforced by the rod, 142, 274, 436, 469, 475
- Diskobolos, of Myron, 95, 319, 322, 330;
- Diskoi, of stone, 315;
- of metal, 316;
- existing specimens, 316;
- weight and size of, 317
- Diskoi, inscribed, Iphitus, 43;
- Publius Asclepiades, 183;
- Exoïdas, 316
- Diskos and solos in Homer, 22, 313
- Diskos, throwing the, distance thrown, 318;
- balbis, 318;
- marking the throw, 320;
- principle of the throw, 322;
- typical positions, 323;
- stance, 327;
- backward swing, 330;
- the forward swing and throw, 331;
- modern styles, 333;
- competitions in, 337
- Dolichos, 51, 270, 279, 281, 284
- Domitius Tutus, Q., votive offering of, 222
- Dorian invasion, 42
- Dorieus of Rhodes, boxer, 130, 375
- Doryphoros of Polycleitus, 95
- Drachma, value of, 262
- Drill, textbooks of, 374
- Dromeus of Mantinea, pankratiast, 375
- Dromeus of Stymphalus, dolichodromos and trainer, introduces meat diet, 126, 505
- Dromos, at Sparta, 467
- Drumos of Epidaurus, inscription of, 285
- Dumb-bells, halteres used as, 310
- Elaiothesion, 490
- Elean embassy to Egypt, 68
- Eleans and Pisatans, 43, 142
- Eleans, Ϝρατραι of, 51
- Elis, synoecism of, 115;
- the new city, 117;
- treaty with Heraea, 46
- Empedocles of Aetna, 207
- Epaenetus, inscribed halter of, 298
- Epaminondas and athletics, 127
- Epharmostus of Opous, 180, 228
- Ephebeion, 490, 495
- Epheboi, 99;
- reorganized by Lycurgus, 148;
- training of,, 149 ff.
- Ephesus, stadium, 266;
- Epicharinus, hoplitodromos, statue of, 94
- Epidaurus, athletes fined for bribery, 148 n.;
- Epigrams, athletic, 172;
- Epinikia, 78, 105 ff.
- Etruscan wall-paintings, funeral games, 27;
- Euagoras of Sparta, chariot-race, 133
- Eumastas, inscription on weight, 83
- Eumelus, 34
- Eupolemus of Elis, runner, 135
- Eupolus of Thessaly, boxer, bribes opponents, 134
- Euripides, epinikion on Alcibiades, 105;
- on professional athletes, 131
- Euryleonis of Sparta, 462
- Eutelidas of Sparta, pentathlete and wrestler, 57, 70
- Euthymus of Locri Epizephyrii, boxer, worshipped as a hero, 77
- Exaenetus of Agrigentum, runner, triumphal entry of, 77
- Exercises, classification of, heavy and light, 364;
- Exoïdas, inscribed diskos of, 316
- Festivals—
- Actia, reorganized by Augustus, 168
- Adriania, 180
- Antinoea, 176
- Asclepiea at Epidaurus, 180, 254
- Assinaria, commemorated on coins of Syracuse, 465
- Augustalia at Neapolis, regulations for, 169, 175, 271
- Augustea, 180
- Azan in Arcadia, 31
- Balbillea, 180
- Capitolia at Rome, 170
- Carnea, 72
- Chrysanthina at Sardis, 180
- Delia, 33
- Dioclea at Megara, 3
- Eleutheria at Plataea, 31, 108, 286
- Erotidia, 372
- Eusebea at Puteoli, 180
- Euryclea at Sparta, 184 n. 2
- Haliea at Rhodes, 31
- Heraclea at Sparta, 180
- Heraea at Olympia, 47, 272
- Heraea at Argos, 180
- Hermaea in palaestra, 469
- Leonidaea at Sparta, 176, 184, 491
- Olympia at Aegae, 154;
- Alexandria, 181;
- Antioch, 170;
- Dium, 152;
- Athens, Smyrna, Ephesus, 180
- Petraea, 211
- Ptolemaea, 150
- Soteria, 158
- Vide Olympia, Isthmia, Nemea, Athenian festivals
- Flamininus at the Isthmia, 162
- Flavius Archibius, T., of Alexandria, pankratiast, inscription, 181
- Flavius Artemidorus, T., pankratiast, inscription, 179
- Flute-player accompanies athletics, 302, 476
- Foot-race, the, 270;
- length of races, 270;
- supposed pre-eminence of stade-race, 272;
- the start, 273;
- use of starting lines, 274;
- position of runners, 274;
- ὕσπληξ, 276;
- wooden barrier, 277;
- poaching at the start, 274, 277;
- heats, 277;
- use of posts in starting lines, 278;
- manner of running diaulos and dolichos, 279;
- styles of running, 280, 290;
- physical types of runners, 283, 291;
- performances of Greek runners, 284;
- race in armour, its character, 285;
- varieties of, 286, 291;
- description of, 70, 289;
- popularity of, 291;
- Oschophoria, 292;
- torch-races, 292;
- methods of training, 292
- François vase, 349, 463
- Frigidarium, 491
- Funeral games, athletic festivals derived from, 27;
- distribution of, 27;
- in Ireland, 28;
- in Greece, 30;
- represented in art, 30;
- become periodical, 31;
- origin of, 31
- Galen, 187;
- his treatise on the “Small Ball,” 187;
- his exhortation, 188;
- system of physical training, 509
- Games and athletics compared, 3;
- and physical training, 509;
- at Sparta, 184
- Gems, athletic scenes on, 103;
- Germanicus Caesar, victory at Olympia, 167
- Gladiatorial shows introduced into Syria, 161;
- Glaucon of Athens, chariot, 158
- Glaucus of Carystus, boxer, 82, 83;
- Gorgias of Leontini at Olympia, 137
- Gorgos of Messene, pentathlete, 160
- Guilds, athletic, 174
- Gymnasiarchos, 151, 500 ff.
- Gymnasium and palaestra—
- Difference between, 467;
- Scenes from, in Plato, 471;
- scenes from, on the vases, 472 ff.;
- exercises in, 472;
- discipline in, 475;
- the apodyterion, 476;
- the bath-room, 479
- At Delphi, 483, 213;
- at Olympia, 486;
- at Epidaurus and Delos, 489;
- Vitruvius’ description of, 489;
- at Ephesus, 494;
- at Priene, 494;
- at Pergamum, 496
- Gymnastes and paidotribes, difference between, 503
- Gymnastics and athletics, 2;
- and medicine, 505;
- and music, 2
- Gymnopaidike at Sparta, 507
- Hadrian, 176
- Halter, the Cilician, 442
- Halteres, 298 ff.;
- Heats, drawing lots for, 205, 278
- Hellanodicae at Nemea, 66, 225;
- Helvidius, stele of, 241
- Heracles, in early art, 84;
- compared with Theseus, 85;
- statue of (Farnese), 146;
- as wrestler, 372;
- wrestles with Antaeus, 380, 383, 388, 390, 444, 448;
- as boxer, 402;
- as pankratiast, 437;
- fights with Nemean lion, 384, 387, 437;
- with Triton and Achelous, 447
- Heracles, successors of, 146, 161, 174
- Heralds, competitions for, 139, 199
- Herculanei, guild of, 175
- Hermes, patron of gymnasium, 485
- Herodes Atticus, his buildings, 178, 259, 263
- Herodicus of Selymbria, 129, 504
- Herodotus at Olympia, 139
- Herodotus of Thebes, his own charioteer, 221, 228, 463
- Hieron of Syracuse, 210
- Hieromnemones, 208
- Hieronymus defeats Tisamenus in pentathlon, 366
- Himantes. Vide Boxing
- Hippeis, Helbig’s theory of the, 71
- Hippias of Elis, 140;
- compiles Olympic register, 50
- Hippios race, 220, 225, 270
- Hippocrates of Cos, condemns athletic training, 128
- Hippodrome, 451;
- absence of spina, 452;
- on Mt. Lycaeus, 452;
- at Olympia, 452;
- aphesis of, 453;
- Taraxippos, 455;
- equestrian programme, 457;
- length of races, 457;
- four-horse chariot, 458;
- two-horse chariot, 459;
- mule car, 460;
- jockeys, 460;
- apobates, 461
- Hippomachus, trainer, 114
- Hipposthenes of Sparta, wrestler, 57
- Homer, the joy of sport, 11;
- Phaeacians and Achaeans, 12;
- sport spontaneous and aristocratic, 14, 25;
- prizes, 14;
- games of Patroclus, 15 ff.;
- chariot-race, 15;
- boxing, 17;
- wrestling, 19;
- foot-race, 20;
- armed combat, 21;
- throwing the stone, 22;
- sports of the soldiers, 24;
- acrobats, 25
- Hoplite race, 70, 225.
- Hoplitodromos of Tübingen, 94, 275
- Hoplomachia, in Homer, 21;
- Hoplomachos, 151, 506
- Horse-races, 58, 71, 460
- Hysmon of Elis, pentathlete, 136
- Iasos, consumption of oil in gymnasium, 502
- Iccus of Tarentum, trainer, 129, 505
- Iliac line in Greek sculpture, 311
- Immorality, gymnasia accused of, 99
- Iphitus, truce of, 43
- Ireland, funeral games, 28;
- Isocrates’ Panegyric at Olympia, 138
- Isthmia, refounding of, in 582 B.C., 64;
- rivalry with Olympia, 65, 216;
- Dion Chrysostom’s description of, 173, 214;
- corruption at, 174;
- character of, 214;
- connexion with Athens, 216;
- history of, 216;
- competition somewhat local, 216;
- sacred truce and Sparta, 217;
- under the Romans, 218;
- control transferred to Sicyon, 219;
- restored to Corinth, 219;
- programme of, 220;
- prizes at, 221
- Jason of Pherae, 152, 212
- Javelin, the, 338;
- the amentum, 339;
- its use in war and the chase, 340;
- its distribution, 342;
- the ounep and the throwing stick, 344;
- its effect, 346
- Javelin, throwing the, practical style, 348;
- athletic style, 350;
- with or without a run, 352;
- left-handed throw, 352;
- competitions in, 353, 135;
- in Homer, 352, 21;
- in fifth century, 354;
- part of pentathlon, 355;
- rules for, 356;
- on horseback, 356
- Julius Caesar, sports provided by, 166
- Jumping, in Homer, 24;
- part of pentathlon, 295;
- a long jump, 296;
- hopping and other exercises, 296;
- the skamma, 297;
- the bater, 297;
- measuring the jump, 298;
- jumping weights, 298;
- method of using, 301;
- a standing or running jump, 306;
- jumping without weights, 308
- Konisterion, 485, 492, 500
- Korykeion, 492
- Korykos, 478
- Kosmetes, 150, 501
- Laches of Ceos, runner, 195
- Laconicum, 491
- Ladas of Achaea, stadiodromos, 284
- Ladas of Sparta, dolichodromos, 284
- Lakkoma at Delphi, 261
- Lampadarchia, Lampadarchos, 501.
- Lampito, 296
- Lampon of Aegina, 111
- Laodicea, stadium, 266
- Larisa, inscription, 354
- Leon of Ambracia, appeals to Olympic council, 135
- Leonidas of Naxos, builds Leonidaeum, 156
- Leonidas of Rhodes, runner, τριαστής, 161
- Leontiscus of Sicily, breaks opponent’s fingers, 373, 386
- Lichas of Sparta, beaten at Olympia, 142
- Licinius Priscus, improves stadium at Isthmus, 219
- Loin-cloth, 48, 376
- Love names, on vases, 99
- Lucian’s Anacharsis, 182 and passim
- Lyceum at Athens, 149, 468, 472
- Lycurgus of Athens, 148, 263
- Lycurgus of Sparta, and trace of Iphitus, 43
- Lygdamis of Syracuse, boxer, 58
- Lysander, statue of, at Olympia, 140
- Lysias, Panegyric, 34;
- Macedon and Olympia, 151, 158
- Marathon, the charge at, 107
- Massage, 129, 478
- Medical gymnastics, 129
- Megacles of Athens, 210
- Melancomas, boxer, 174, 428
- Melesias, trainer, 505
- Melissus of Thebes, pankratiast, 444
- Menander of Athens, trainer, 108, 505
- Messene, stadium, 266
- Messenian successes at Olympia, 54, 143
- Metae of stadium, 267
- Metrodorus of Pergamum, gymnasiarchos, 497
- Midas of Agrigentum, flute-player, 230
- Military competitions, 150 ff.;
- Milo of Croton, wrestler, 82, 310, 375, 377
- Mosaic, from Tusculum, 176, 447;
- from baths of Caracalla, 189, 411
- Mud, wrestling in, 376
- Mule chariot-race, 71, 460
- Mummius at Olympia, 162
- Mycenae, absence of athletics, 11;
- Myron of Sicyon, 59
- Myron, sculptor, 95
- Nemea, origin of festival, 66;
- similarity to Olympia, 66;
- Hellanodicae at, 66, 225;
- control of, 223;
- history of, 224;
- the winter Nemea, 224;
- the sanctuary, 224;
- date, of, 225;
- programme of, 225;
- athletic character of, 226;
- nature of competition at, 226
- Nero at Olympia, 171;
- Nicasylus of Rhodes, 271
- Nicogenes of Athens, Agonothetes, decree in honour of, 150
- Nicostratus of Cilicia, last successor of Heracles, 174
- Nudity in athletics, influence of, 86
- Oenopides at Olympia, 140
- Oil, use of, in athletics, 273;
- in gymnasium, 477, 490;
- supplied by gymnasiarchos, 477;
- large quantity used, 502
- Oligaethidae of Corinth, victories of, 217
- Olympia, buildings and monuments at—
- Altar of Zeus, 53
- Altis wall, 119, 156
- Bouleuterion, 69, 116, 119
- Colonnades, 120, 156
- Exedra of Herodes, 171
- Gymnasium, 159, 488
- Heraeum, 48, 52
- Heroum, 156
- Hippodamium, 39
- Hippodrome, 120, 452
- Historical monuments, 118, 137, 138, 145, 158, 162
- Leonidaeum, 156
- Metroum, 167
- Nero, house of, 171
- Oenomaus, house of, 39
- Palaestra, 159, 486
- Pelops, tomb of, 39
- Philippeum, 153
- Processional entrance, 171
- Prytaneum, 70
- Prehistoric remains at, 39
- Stadium, 53, 120, 156, 167, 251 ff.
- Statues, athletic, 57, 70, 121, 136, 160, 168
- Statues, honorary, 140, 157, 159, 168, 182
- Temple of Zeus, 119
- Theocoleon, 156
- Treasuries, 58, 69, 118
- Treasury steps, 118
- Votive offerings, 40, 53, 138, 157, 183
- Olympia, history of—
- Antiquity of, 34;
- position of, 36;
- accessibility by sea and land, 36;
- Cretans and Phoenicians at, 37;
- connexion with migrations, 37;
- primitive cults at, 38;
- mythical founding of games, 39;
- Pelops and Heracles, 39;
- in pre-Dorian times, 40;
- under control of Pisatae, 41;
- Oxylus and Dorian invasion, 42;
- Pisatae and Eleans, 43;
- truce of Iphitus, 43;
- dual control of, 44;
- Elean reconstruction of history, 44;
- date of destruction of Pisa, 46
- First Olympiad, 50;
- Olympia in 776 B.C., 52;
- competition local at first, 54;
- gradual expansion eastward, 55;
- Spartan predominance in seventh century, 56;
- connexion with western colonies, 58;
- political importance recognized by tyrants, 59;
- national and democratic character of, 60;
- in sixth century, 68 ff.;
- activity of Eleans, 68;
- Athenian successes, 73
- Representative character of competition in fifth century, 108;
- high ideal of Olympia, 115;
- influence of Persian wars, 115;
- synoecism of Elis, 115;
- devastation of Pisatis, 116;
- reorganization of festival by Eleans, 116;
- new buildings, 118
- Between 440-338 B.C., 131 ff.;
- decline of competition, 131, 136, 140, 145;
- beginnings of corruption, 134;
- political influence of festival, 136;
- a centre of Panhellenism, 136;
- expansion of interests, 139;
- quarrel with Sparta, 141;
- humiliation of Elis, 142;
- Elis and Arcadia, 143;
- battle at Olympia and triumph of Elis, 144
- Importance of festival in Macedonian times, 152 ff.;
- Philip II., 153;
- Alexander, 154;
- Alexandrian victories at, 155;
- Macedonian monuments, 155;
- Macedonian victories, 158;
- change in competition, 160;
- cessation of victors from the west, 160
- Decline in first century B.C., 164;
- games transferred to Rome by Sulla, 165;
- discontinuance of chariot-races, 165;
- revival under the Empire, 167;
- Nero at, 170;
- Hadrian and Herodes Atticus, 176;
- antiquarian interest in Olympia, 182;
- the last days of the festival, 192
- Olympiads, used for chronology, 52
- Olympic festival—
- Date of, 194;
- duration of, 195;
- order of, 196-200;
- description of, in fifth century, 201-207
- Competitors, requirements for, 46;
- dress of, 48;
- names entered beforehand, 202;
- training of, 202;
- oath and scrutiny of, 203
- Council, 44, 69, 135
- Exegetae, 168
- Hellanodicae, 44, 69, 116, 117, 135, 192, 202, 205
- Heralds and trumpeters, 202, 205
- Iamidae and Clytidae, 41, 44
- Officials, lists of, 167
- Prizes, 48;
- table of Colotes, 3, 53, 121;
- when given, 206
- Programme, 51;
- Register of victors, 50, 198
- Sacred truce, 43, 201
- Spectators, 139, 203
- Theoroi, 60
- Women, exclusion of, 47
- Onomastus of Smyrna, makes laws for boxing, 33, 56
- Onomastus, inscription of, on prize caldron, 72
- Oricadmus of Sicily, laws for wrestling, 401
- Orsippus of Megara, runner, 48
- Oschophoria, 228
- Ounep or throwing thong, 344
- Over-athleticism, 78
- Oxyrhynchus Papyrus, fragment of Olympic register, 50, 108, 198;
- Paidonomos, 151, 497
- Paidotribes and gymnastes, distinction between, 503
- Paidotribes, dress of, 474;
- Palaestra and gymnasium, difference between, 468
- Palaestra, different types of, 469;
- of Miccus in Plato, 471;
- life in, 149
- Palm of victory, 76 n. 1
- Panathenaea, reorganized by Peisistratus, 74;
- why not Panhellenic, 75;
- programme of, 75, 230;
- recitations at, 230;
- musical contests at, 230;
- athletic, 233;
- equestrian, 235;
- prizes at, 75, 231, 232, 234, 241;
- fewness of Athenian victories at, 235;
- tribal competitions, 239;
- regatta, 241;
- prizes, 241;
- prize amphorae, 242;
- stadium, 263
- Panathenaic amphorae, 75, 241-245
- Panhellenic festivals, cycle of, 67
- Pankration, alleged brutality of, 435;
- Philostratus’ description of, 438;
- combination of wrestling and boxing, 439;
- various throws, 440;
- leg-holds, 441;
- stomach throw, 442;
- kicking, 445;
- strangling, etc., 446;
- ground-wrestling, 448;
- Uffizi wrestlers, 448
- Paradromis, 483
- Parthenon, Panathenaic procession on frieze of, 230;
- athletic type on, 102;
- apobates on, 238
- Patroclus, games of, 15
- Peisistratus, 73, 74
- Peleus, pentathlon of, 362;
- wrestling with Atalanta, 387
- Pelias, funeral games of, 30, 353
- Peloponnese, the home of athletics, 9
- Pentathlon, commended by Aristotle, 136;
- the events of, 359;
- three distinctive events, 360;
- typical of Greek education, 361;
- supposed invention by Jason, 362;
- pentathlon of Peleus, 362;
- order of events, 362;
- method of deciding, 365
- Pergamum, inscription of Attalus, 158;
- stadium, 254 n. 1;
- gymnasia, 496 ff.
- Periander of Corinth, 60
- Phaedimus, boy pankratiast, 161
- Phanas of Pellene, τριαστής, 82
- Phayllus of Croton, 212, 284, 308 ff., 318, 368
- Pheidiphides, courier, 181, 285
- Pheidon of Argos, 45, 55, 59
- Pherenice, 47
- Philinus of Cos, runner, 161
- Philip II. of Macedon, 152, 460
- Philip V. of Macedon, at Nemea, 224
- Philippus of Croton, worshipped here, 77
- Philippus, boxer, inscription of, 375
- Philon, contractor, fined by Hellanodicae, 254
- Philonides of Crete, courier, 155, 181
- Philopoemen, 160;
- reception of, at Nemea, 224
- Philostratus, “gymnastike,” 189 and passim
- Phintia, inscription on duties of gymnasiarchos, 502
- Phlegon of Tralles, edits Olympic Register, 50, 182, 198
- Phylacidas of Aegina, 111
- Picks, in gymnasia, 297, 434, 475
- Pindar, 105, 185;
- his athletic ideal, 109 ff.
- Pisa, date of destruction of, 46;
- Platanistas at Sparta, 184, 468
- Plato, attitude towards athletics, 128;
- his ideal gymnastic, 128, 270;
- on boxing, 136;
- on running, 270;
- on wrestling, 380
- Plutarch, on physical training, 187
- Polites, runner, 199
- Polycleitus, 95
- Polydamas of Scotussa, pankratiast, 77
- Polydeuces as boxer, 402;
- his fight with Amycus, 428
- Polymnestor of Miletus, runner, 58
- Pot-hunting, 81, 174
- Powder for washing, 480;
- Praxidamas of Aegina, boxer, statue of, 70
- Praxiteles, the Hermes of, 52
- Priene, stadium, 265;
- Prizes, in Homer, 14;
- at Olympia, 48;
- at different festivals, 72;
- money, 82, 169;
- at Panathenaea, 75, 232, 234, 241;
- at Ceos, 151;
- at Sparta, 185;
- at Pythia, 214;
- at Isthmia, 221;
- at Nemea, 225;
- at Assinaria, 466
- Professionalism, 81, 130, 146, 160
- Ptolemaei and Olympia, 158
- Ptolemaeus Lagi, 158, 211
- Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, 149
- Pylos and Pylians, 42
- Pyrrhic chorus, 240
- Pythagoras of Samos, boxer, 58
- Pythagoras of Samos, trainer, 126, 505
- Pytheas of Aegina, pankratiast, 111, 225
- Pythia, originally held every eight years, 62;
- a musical festival, 63;
- first Sacred war, 63;
- refounded as pentaeteris, 582 B.C., 63;
- date of, 208;
- Hieromnemones, 208;
- programme of, 209;
- musical events, 209;
- painting competition, 209;
- equestrian events, 210;
- athletic events, 211;
- stadium, 212;
- hippodrome, 212;
- importance of, in fourth century, 212;
- Pythia held at Athens, 290 B.C., 213;
- Pythaids, 213;
- under the Empire, 213;
- duration and order of events, 213;
- prize, 214, 64
- Record-breaking, in Imperial times, 181
- Records, absence of, among Greeks, 2
- Rhexibius of Opous, pankratiast, statue of, 70
- Riding, taught in gymnasium, 476
- Roman games, spectacular, 166
- Romans, admitted to Greek festivals, 161;
- attitude of, towards athletics, 163
- Rowing, 507
- Running. Vide Foot-race
- Scholiasts, worthlessness of their evidence, 359
- Sculpture, athletic—
- Earliest athletic statues, 70;
- sculpture of sixth century, 84;
- Apollo of Tonea, 88;
- Argive statue from Delphi, 90;
- Boeotian type, 90;
- Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo, 90;
- Aeginetan pediments, 90;
- Ligourio bronze, 91;
- Argive and Athenian types, 91
- Development of athletic statue, 93;
- Tübingen hoplitodromos, 94;
- Myron’s diskobolos, 95, 319, 322, 330;
- Polycleitus, 95
- Growing uniformity of type, 97;
- preference for younger type, 101;
- head of ephebos, 102;
- Delphi charioteer, 111
- Diversity of type in fourth century, 124;
- Apoxyomenos and Agias, 124;
- Farnese Heracles, 146;
- cessation of athletic statues, 160
- Girl runner (Vatican), 48;
- standing diskobolos (Vatican), 327;
- bronze statuettes of diskobolos, 326, 328, 330;
- wrestling boys (Naples), 379, 382;
- bronze wrestling groups, 396, 398, 399, 400;
- boxer of the Terme, 146, 409;
- Uffizi wrestlers, 448
- Sicilian, rules for wrestling, 401;
- love of horse-racing, 451
- Sicily and Italy, athletic eminence in sixth century, 81;
- decline in third century, 160
- Simonides, epinikia, 78, 109;
- Skamma, 297, 376
- Smyrna, connexion with Peloponnese, 50
- Socrates on athletics, 124, 127
- Sogenes of Aegina, pentathlete, 224
- Solon, rewards for athletes, 74;
- Solos, 24, 313
- Sophius of Messene, runner, 143
- Sophronistai, 501
- Sostratus of Sicyon, pankratiast, 148, 447
- Sotades of Crete, proclaims himself an Ephesian, 134
- Sparta, athletic greatness in seventh century, 56;
- decline in sixth century, 81;
- popularity of horse-racing, 133;
- revival of Lycurgean discipline under the Empire, 183;
- contest of endurance, 183;
- festivals and games, 184;
- ball games, 185;
- musical and other competitions, 185;
- successes in running, 284;
- contempt of science in boxing and wrestling, 401, 402, 425
- Spina, unknown in Greek race-courses, 251
- Stadiodromos and Olympic chronology, 52, 273
- Stadium, primitive type of, 251;
- history of, 267;
- Isthmia, 219;
- Nemea, 225;
- Olympia, 252;
- Epidaurus, 254;
- Delphi, 257;
- Athens, 263;
- Priene, 265;
- Messene, 266;
- Ephesus, 266;
- Aezani, 266;
- Aphrodisias, 266;
- Laodicea, 266
- Start, the. Vide Aphesis, Foot-race
- Statius, description of boxing, 426, 432
- Stomius of Elis, pentathlete, 136
- Stone-throwing in war and sport, 23
- Strigil, 481
- Style in athletics, importance attached to, 2, 114, 373
- Sulla transfers Olympia to Rome, 165
- Sweating-bath, 491
- Swimming, 83, 507
- Sybaris, 58, 82
- Syracuse, 465
- Taraxippus, 455
- Tarentum, love of horses, 461
- Tauromenium, number of competitions at, 502
- Teos, inscriptions, 151, 502, 503
- Tetrads, 191
- Theagenes of Thasos, boxer, pankratiast, 77, 81, 82
- Thebes, famed for chariots, 50, 210, 211;
- Themistocles, at Olympia, 116;
- teaches his son riding and the javelin, 132, 356;
- frequents Cynosarges, 468
- Theocritus, description of boxing, 428
- Theodota, victory in chariot-race, 462
- Theophrastus, 393, 485
- Theseus, science of wrestling ascribed to, 372;
- of boxing, 402;
- of pankration, 437;
- wrestles with Cercyon, 391;
- comparison of, with Heracles, 85
- Thessalian wrestling, 401
- Thessaly, famed for horses, 58, 210
- Tisamenus defeated by Hieronymus, 365
- Tiberius Caesar, victory in chariot-race, 167
- Timodemidae of Athens, 217, 226
- Timodemus of Athens, 229
- Tisander of Naxos, boxer, swims for exercise, 83
- Titormus, weight-lifter and strong man, 83
- Torch-races, 151, 240, 247, 292, 461, 501
- Toxotes, 151
- Trainers, 81, 108, 122, 504
- Training, 124, 191, 293, 503
- Troilus of Elis, Hellanodicas, wins horse-race unfairly, 135
- Truce, sacred, 43, 141, 201;
- Trumpet, races started by, 456
- Trumpeters, competitions for, 139, 199
- Tug of war, 405
- Tullius, M., of Apamea, boxer, inscription of, 151
- Tydeus, as boxer, 402
- Tyrtaeus, 81, 88
- Valerius Eclectus of Sinope, herald, 192
- Varazdates, last Olympic victor, 193
- Vases, athletic scenes on, 104;
- red and black figured, compared, 85, 352, 418;
- conventional representation of running, 282;
- geometric vases, 30;
- Panathenaic, 75, 241
- Vergil, description of boxing, 172, 431
- Vitruvius, description of gymnasium, 489
- Walk-over, 375
- Watsch, amentum represented on sword-belt, 343;
- Weight-lifting, 83
- Women, excluded from Olympia, 47;
- compete in chariot-races, 47, 239, 462;
- foot-races for, at the Heraea, 47;
- join in sports with men at Sparta, 47, 296;
- wrestle with youths at Chios, 387
- Wrestling, its popularity, 372;
- an exercise of skill, 373;
- instruction in, 374;
- competitions in, the bye, 374;
- number of competitors, 374;
- “upright” and “ground,” 376;
- rules of, 377;
- the throw, 377;
- number of throws, 378;
- leg-holds, 380;
- preliminary position, 382;
- arm-holds, 383;
- flying mare, 383;
- neck-holds, 386;
- body-holds, 389;
- the heave, 391;
- cross-buttock, 393;
- tripping, 397;
- variety of styles, 400
- Xenarches of Sparta, chariot-race, 225
- Xenocles of Maenalus, wrestler, 375
- Xenocrates of Agrigentum, chariot, 210
- Xenophanes, protest against over-athleticism, 79, 272
- Xenophon, 130;
- account of battle of Olympia, 196, 363;
- on javelin-throwing, 356
- Xystarches, 175, 176, 506
- Xystos, 483
- Zanes, 134, 174
- Zosimus of Priene, gymnasiarchos, 496