receives his homage for England, 123

Henry of Lancaster, second son of Edmund, joins Isabella against Edward II., 210;
his opposition to Mortimer, 215;
member of Edward III.’s council, 216

Henry, Bishop of Winchester, brother of Stephen, secures him the throne, 77;
upholds the dignity of the Church, escorts Matilda, demands the See of Salisbury for his nephew, 82;
when Stephen refuses, declares his adhesion to Matilda, 83;
alienated by her refusal of his request for Eustace, demands Stephen’s release, besieged by Matilda at Winchester, 84;
deprived of his legatine authority, 85;
mediates a compromise between Henry and Stephen, 86;
retires to Clugny, 90

Henry d’Almeyne, son of Richard, King of the Romans, prisoner after battle of Lewes, 163;
desires conciliatory policy, 168;
murdered, 172

Heraclius, Bishop of Jerusalem, preaches a crusade, 111

Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, defeats Jasper Tudor, killed, 332

Hereford. [See Bohun.]

Hereward, attacks the monastery of Peterborough, collects the old English exiles, 50;
is defeated and escapes, legends concerning his death, 51

Hidage explained, 113

Hide of land explained, 31

Hildebrand. [See Pope Gregory VII.]

Holland, Sir John, brother of Richard II., kills a friar, 246;
kills the Earl of Stafford, 247

Holland, Duke of Exeter, flies to Scotland with Henry VI., 329;
murdered, 336

Horsa, Jutish Ealdorman, 1;
killed, 2

House-carls, explained, 20;
used tyrannically, 21;
faithful to Harold, 26

Howard, Sir John, counsellor of Edward IV., 338;
supports Richard III., 341;
made Duke of Norfolk, 344;
at the battle of Bosworth, 348

Hubba invades England, 6

Hubert de Burgh, has charge of Arthur, 129;
defeats French fleet, 142;
Regent, 143;
destroys his enemies, 145;
his rule, 146;
prevents Henry III.’s expedition to France, 147;
his fall, 148;
character, 149;
property restored, 150

Hugh, Bishop of Rouen, deserts Stephen, 83

Hugh of Avranches, Earl of Chester, assists Odo, 54;
loses and wins back Anglesey, 59;
invites Anselm to establish Benedictine Abbey at Chester, 61

Hugh de Grantmesnil, holds large property in England, 46;
opposes William II., 57;
quarrels with Belesme, 58

Hugh of Neufchâtel receives Robert of Normandy, 53

Hugh de Pudsey, Bishop of Durham, joins the Great Rebellion against Henry II., is conquered, 105;
buys the earldom of Northumbria, 116;
supplanted by Longchamp, becomes his enemy, 117;
produces his grievances against him, 121

Humphrey, fourth son of Henry IV., Duke of Gloucester, proposed Regent in England, 302;
President of the Council, 304;
marries Jacqueline, 305;
quarrels with Beaufort, 306;
persecutes the Lollards, 312;
head of the war party, 313;
his claim on Flanders, 315;
his obstinacy, 316;
his death, 317;
his literary tastes, 353

Hundred, analogous to the German Pagus, 29;
England divided into, 31

Hundred Court, in Saxon times, 32;
connected with the Curia Regis by Henry I., 75, 76;
its duties, 76

Huntingdon, Earl of, deprived, 276;
conspires against Henry IV., 277;
executed, 277


Impeachment, first instance of parliamentary, 240;
by the Lords Appellant, 248

Ingvar invades England, 6

Interdict in John’s reign, 131

Investitures, dispute as to, 71

Ireland, Danes in, 11;
Harold’s sons fly there, 22, 45;
granted to Henry II. by Adrian IV., 91;
condition of, Strongbow’s invasion, Henry II.’s conquest of, 102;
land granted to his followers, 103;
John restores order in, 132;
Edward Bruce King of, 204;
English government re-established, 205;
Richard II.’s expedition to, 250;
his second visit to, 253

Irish Church, accepts Roman discipline, 102

Isaac of Cyprus, conquered by Richard I., 118

Isabella de la Marche, marries John, 128;
marries Count de la Marche, 154

Isabella of France, marries Edward II., 190;
insulted at Leeds, 207;
goes to France, 209;
conspires against Edward II., 210;
deposes him, 211;
her rule, 213;
her deposition, 216

Isabella of France marries Richard II., 251;
her restoration demanded, 278

Isabella, wife of Charles VI., joins the Burgundians, 298

Itinerant justices, sent out by Henry I., 75;
by Henry II., 107, 108

Ivo of Taillebois, 50

Ivo of Grantmesnil, 65

Ivry, siege of, 305


Jacqueline of Hainault, 305

Jacquetta of St. Pol, marries Bedford, 312

Jane, sister of Henry III., marries Alexander II., 143

Jane, sister of Edward III., marries David II., 214

Jane of Montfort defends Brittany, 222

Jane Shore does penance, 343

James I. of Scotland, captured and educated by Henry IV., 281;
released, marries Joan Beaufort, 305;
makes alliance with France, invades England, murdered, 315

James III. of Scotland, his character, 338

Jerusalem, kingdom of, refused by Robert, 65;
character of, 111;
overwhelmed by Saladin, 119

Jews, admitted to England by William I., 115;
their condition, persecuted by Richard, 116;
by John, 133;
banished by Edward I., 179

Joan of Arc, 308-311

Joanna, daughter of Henry II., marries William of Sicily, 109;
imprisoned by Tancred, 118;
restored to Richard I., accompanies him to Palestine, 118;
marries Raymond of St. Gilles, 124

John, Duke of Bedford, third son of Henry IV., Lieutenant of England, 291;
Regent in France, 302, 303;
character, marriage, 304;
visits England, 306;
returns, renews alliance with Burgundy and Brittany, 307;
captures Joan of Arc, 311;
his second marriage, 312;
visits England, 313;
dies, 314

John, Bishop of Oxford, sent to the Pope, 98;
his excommunication by Becket, 99;
it is removed by the Pope, 100;
sent as Becket’s escort, 101;
made Bishop of Norwich, 105

John de Grey, Bishop of Norwich, elected Archbishop of Canterbury, great administrator, 130;
governor in Ireland, 132

John (King), marries Alice of Savoy, 103;
favourite of Henry II., 109;
war with Richard, 110, 111;
Henry II.’s grief at his rebellion, 113;
his great possessions, 117;
tries to secure the succession, 121;
restrained by his mother, purchases Philip’s favour, 122, 123;
his party destroyed, 123;
nominated successor, crowned at Rouen and Westminster, 126;
his strong position, 127;
excites the anger of his subjects, 128;
kills Arthur, loses Normandy, 129;
quarrels with the Church and the Pope, 131;
is excommunicated, settles Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, 132;
his extortions, joins the League, 133;
dethroned by the Pope, 134;
is reconciled with the Church, goes to Poitou, 135;
defeated at Bouvines, 136;
signs Magna Charta, 137;
attempts to break it, 139;
dies, 140

John of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III., commanding in France, marriage, 236;
assumes the government, 237, 239;
renewed power, 240;
protects Wicliffe, 240;
hated by the people, 240, 244;
head of the Council, 243;
deserts Wicliffe, 245;
character of his government, 245, 246;
goes to Spain, 246;
returns, 251;
dies, 253

John, King of France, 229;
taken prisoner at Poitiers, 231;
liberated, 233;
dies, 234

Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, ancestress of Matilda, wife of William I., her three marriages, 6

Jurisdiction, early organization of, 32;
connected with the possession of land, 33, 36;
of the Witan, 34;
old machinery retained by William, 37;
ecclesiastical separated from secular, 38, 94;
private, 87;
punishment of corrupt judges, 179

Jury, origin of, 108

Justiciary, his duties, 38;
president of the Curia Regis, 75


Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor, 321;
dies, 322

Kenilworth, last stronghold of the Barons, 167;
Dictum of, 168

Kent, Earl of, half-brother of Edward II., his conspiracy and death, 215

Kent, Earl of, his conspiracy against Henry IV., beheaded, 277

King, the origin of, 30;
his personal relation becomes territorial, 33;
his office elective, 34;
becomes supreme landowner, 37;
practically irresponsible, 38;
position of William I., 42;
of Henry I., as feudal lord, 64;
his equitable power, his power of making laws and levying taxes, 76;
misery caused by a weak king, 78, 86, 87;
rivalry with the Church, 94, 105;
his judicial power, 107;
opposition to his overstrained power, 125, 137, 138, 159;
view of his position in a political poem of Henry III.’s time, 169, 170;
desire of Edward I. for despotism, 173;
opposition of his clergy and barons, 187, 188;
his legislative power, 193;
Edward II.’s prerogative restricted by the Ordinances, 201;
Richard II.’s despotism, 253;
Henry IV.’s power checked by the Commons, 282, 283;
character of Edward IV.’s monarchy, 330, 340

Knowles, general of the Free Companies, 234, 235;
opposes Wat Tyler, 244


Lacey, Hugh de, does homage for land beyond Hereford, 59

Lacey, Hugh (his nephew), sent as envoy to O’Connor, 102;
made Earl of Meath, 103

Lacey, Hugh de (son of Earl of Meath), obtains the kingdom of Ulster, 132

La Hire, French general, 310

Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, opposition to Gaveston, 200;
his great possessions, Edward II. flies from, 202;
made minister, 205;
joins Hereford in rebellion, 206;
surrenders, is beheaded, 207

Land, how apportioned by the Saxons in England, 31;
tenure becomes military, 37;
granted to Normans by William I., 43

Landrica, his jurisdiction, 33;
his position, 34

Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, connects the Church with Rome, 38;
establishes ecclesiastical courts, 49;
England left in charge of, 53;
supports William II., 56;
restrains him, 57;
prevents the quarrel on investitures from reaching England, 60;
dies, 57

Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, consecrated, 131;
opposes John, 135;
causes Pandulf’s fall, 143;
excommunicates Hubert’s enemies, 145;
his national policy, 146;
dies, 147

Latimer, leader of a rebellion against Edward IV., 332

La Tremouille, favourite of Charles VII., 310;
opposed to peace, 313

Layamon, his translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Chronicle, 271

Leicester. [See Beaumont.]

Leofric, Earl of Mercia, 20;
competes with Godwine, 22

Leofwine, fifth son of Godwine, outlawed, 22;
Earl of Essex and Kent, 23;
killed at Hastings, 27

Lindisfarne, episcopal See in, 4

Lionel, third son of Edward III., Duke of Clarence, left in command of England during the French war, 228;
governor of Ireland, 250

Lisle, Lord, 341;
takes sanctuary, 342

Literature, 270-274, 353

Llewellyn, John’s son-in-law, submits to him, 132

Llewellyn, attacks Mortimer’s lands, 162;
refuses to obey the summons of Edward I., 175;
conquered and killed, 176

Læt, position of, 29;
origin of, 30;
settle on the demesne land, 31

Lollards, their petition, 251;
their doctrines, 267;
persecuted by Henry IV., 285;
by Henry V., 288, 289;
by Gloucester, 312;
by Suffolk, 318

Longchamp, Chancellor, buys bishopric of Ely, 116;
justiciary and legate, 117;
Richard I. orders his arrest, his dispute with Geoffrey and John, is dismissed, 121;
retires to France, 122

Lothians, granted to Scotland, 14

Louis VI., upholds William Clito, defeated at Puysac, makes peace, 67

Louis VII., divorces Eleanor, 85;
his friendship secured by Henry II., 90;
cemented by a marriage-treaty, war with Henry II., 92;
receives Alexander III., 94;
protects Becket, 98;
war with Henry II., 100;
supports Prince Henry, 103, 104;
makes peace, 105;
jealous of Henry II.’s power, 109

Louis VIII., engaged to Blanche of Castile, 127;
summoned to England, 139;
retires, 142;
dies, 145

Louis XI., makes Treaty of Pecquigni, 338

Louis of Bavaria, Emperor, dispute with the Pope, 219;
joins France against Edward III., 222

Lovel, favourite of Richard III., 345


Magesætas, men of Hereford, 19

Magna Charta, 107, 137, 138, 139;
re-enacted, 168;
confirmed, 188

Maid of Norway, betrothed, 181;
dies, 182

Maine, Robert, Governor of, 52, 53;
William II. fights against, 59;
suzerainty of, given up by Louis VI. to Henry I., 67

Maintainers, complaints against, 245;
explained, 270

Malcolm I., King of Scotland, holds part of Strathclyde by military service, 12

Malcolm II., King of Scotland, does homage to Cnut, 20

Malcolm III., Canmore, King of Scotland, helps Eadgar, 45;
commends himself to William I., 46;
his savage invasions, 51;
marries Eadgar’s sister, does homage to William I., 52;
his wars with William II., does homage to him, killed at Alnwick, 58

Malcolm IV., King of Scotland, resigns three counties to Henry II., 90;
does homage for Huntingdon, 91;
follows Henry to his war with France, 93

Malet, Count of, supports Robert, 65;
banished, 67

Manny, Sir Walter, raises siege of Hennebone, 222;
invades Picardy, 233

Manor, origin of, 32

Mansell, holds seven hundred livings, 152;
on Henry III.’s council, 159;
driven to France, 162;
joins Eleanor’s army, 164

Marcel, revolutionary leader in Paris, 232

Margaret, sister of Eadgar, marries Malcolm, 52

Margaret, daughter of William the Lion, sent as hostage to John, 132

Margaret, of France, marries Edward I., 190

Margaret, marries Henry VI., 316;
character, 317;
wins battles of Wakefield and St. Albans, rescues the King, 327;
flies with him to Scotland, attempts to overthrow Edward IV., 329;
defeated at Tewkesbury, 335;
ransomed, 338

Margaret, sister of Edward IV., marries Charles of Burgundy, 331

Mark system, described, 28;
how carried out, 31

Marlborough, castle of, held for Matilda, 83

Marriage of the clergy, permitted by Dunstan, 14, 15,
forbidden by Lanfranc, 49

Marshall, William, first Earl of Pembroke, ordered to supplant Longchamp, 121;
summoned to Rouen, 126;
advises John to disband his troops, 129;
declares Henry III. King, 141;
his character, government, 142;
death, 143

Marshall, William, second Earl, head of the Barons at Brackley, 136;
his property attacked, 144;
quarrels with De Burgh, 146

Marshall, Richard, third Earl, his patriotism, 149;
outlawed, murdered, 150

Marshall, Gilbert, fourth Earl, restored to favour, 150

Martin, Papal agent, his exactions, 154

Mary of Burgundy, rivals for her hand, 336, 337;
marries Maximilian of Austria, 339

Matilda, wife of William I., helps Robert, 53;
dies, 54;
her claim on Flanders, 69

Matilda, niece of Eadgar Ætheling, marries Henry I., 64;
dies, 68

Matilda, daughter of Henry I., marries Henry V., 67;
the Barons swear fealty to her, 69;
marries Geoffrey of Anjou, 70;
her claim passed over, 77;
David of Scotland supports her, 79;
Robert of Gloucester declares for her, 81;
lands, 82;