INDEX
- Aachen, capital of Charles the Great, 340;
- cathedral of, 381;
- partition of, 389;
- Lothair I. driven from, 409;
- seized by Charles the Bald, 434;
- sacked by the Danes, 439.
- Abbasside caliphs, rise of the, 315.
- Abdallah, Moorish chief, invades Italy, 458.
- Abdallah-Abu-Sahr, conquers Africa, 238.
- Abd-el-Melik, caliph, 249, 250.
- Abderahman besieges Constantinople, 247.
- —— viceroy of Spain, slain at Poictiers, 292, 294.
- —— king of Cordova, 345, 364, 506-507.
- Abotrites, Slavonic tribe, 360, 361, 427.
- Abu Bekr, first caliph, 216.
- Abu Obeida, Saracen chief, 217, 218.
- Acroinon, battle of, 311.
- Adalbert, stirs up civil wars, 473;
- Adalhard dismissed by Louis the Pious, 386;
- Adaloald, king of the Lombards, 195.
- Adelchis, son of Desiderius, 347, 348, 363.
- Adelgis, duke of Benevento, imprisons Lewis II., 457.
- Africa, kingdom of Vandals in, 8;
- conquered by Belisarius, 76-79;
- conquered by Saracens, 238, 251.
- Agatho, pope, 278.
- Agila, Visigothic king, 133.
- Agilulf, Lombard king, 170, 193;
- his conversion to Christianity, 193;
- wars with the empire, 194.
- Agobard of Lyons, conspires against Lewis the Pious, 394;
- Aistulf, Lombard king, 327;
- conquers Ravenna and Benevento, 327;
- threatens Rome, and is subdued by Pippin, 329;
- besieges Rome, 330;
- defeated by Pippin and dies, 331.
- Alahis, duke of Trent, rebels against Berthari and Cunibert, 275.
- Alamanni, ask protection of Theodoric, 25;
- subdued by Chlodovech, 60;
- by Charles Martel, 290;
- by Pippin the Short, 323.
- Alaric II. king of Visigoths, slain by Chlodovech, 26, 63.
- Alboin, Lombard king, 183;
- invades Italy, 184;
- murder of, 186.
- Alcuin, at court of Charles the Great, 341, 379, 380.
- Alexandria taken by Saracens, 220, 237.
- Alfonso I., his conquests from the Moors, 507.
- —— II., wars of, with the Moors, 508.
- —— III., wars of, 509.
- Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed, 240.
- Amalafrida, sister of Theodoric, wife of Thrasamund, 28;
- Amalaswintha, daughter of Theodoric, 29;
- her regency for Athalaric, 74-79;
- Theodahat her colleague, 80;
- murdered, 80.
- Amalric, Visigothic king, 26, 63;
- slain by the Franks, 115.
- Amblève, battle of, 266.
- Amorium, siege of, 255;
- destroyed by Saracens, 487.
- Amrou, Saracen leader, 220, 237.
- Anastasius I., emperor, 46;
- character of, 47;
- quells rebellion of Isaurians, 48;
- war with Persia, 48;
- his heterodoxy, 51;
- troubles with Blue and Green factions and with Vitalian, 51;
- death, 52.
- —— II., dethrones Leontius, 254;
-
- his orthodoxy, 279;
- rebels against Leo the Isaurian, 310.
- Anatolic theme, 242.
- Anbasa-ibn-Johim invades Gaul, 292.
- Anchialus, battle of, 316.
- Andalusia, conquests of East-Romans in, A.D. 106, 133-134.
- Andernach, battle of, 434.
- Andreas murders Constantinus-Constans, 246.
- Ansegisel, son of St. Arnulf, 178.
- Ansprand, regent for king Luitprand, 279, 280;
- king of the Lombards, 280.
- Antioch taken by Persians, 92, 155;
- Antonina, wife of Belisarius, 70, 94, 95.
- Aquitaine conquered by Chlodovech, 62;
- Arabia before Mohammed, 213.
- Ariadne, empress, 37, 46, 47.
- Arianism in Africa, 8, 10, 11;
- Aribert, Lombard king, 272, 273.
- —— II., 279, 280.
- Arichis of Benevento rebels against Charles the Great, 348.
- Arioald, Lombard king, 196.
- Arles besieged by Franks, 26, 63;
- gained and lost by Saracens, 296;
- kingdom of, 437.
- Armenia conquered by Saracens, 250.
- Arnulf, St., bishop of Metz, 178.
- —— duke of Carinthia, rebels against Charles the Fat, 443;
- invades Italy, 464;
- reign of, 468-471;
- defeats the Danes, 469.
- Artavasdus, rebellion of, 313.
- Artemius Anastasius. See Anastasius II.
- Ased-ibn-Forat, Saracen leader, 448.
- Asturias, kingdom of, 506-510.
- Athalaric, king of Ostrogoths, 74, 79.
- Athaloc, bishop, rebellion of, 142.
- Athanagild, Visigothic king, 133, 134.
- Audoin, Lombard king, 182.
- Augustine, St., his mission to Kent, 202.
- Austrasia, origin of name, 162.
- Authari, Lombard king, 170, 192;
- his wars with the Franks, 192, 193.
- Auximum taken by Belisarius, 86.
- Avars, the, on the Danube, 146, 183;
- their wars with the empire, 149, 151, 153;
- invade Italy, 195;
- threaten Constantinople, 207;
- besiege it, 210, 211;
- subdued by Charles the Great, 361, 362.
- Baduila (Totila), king of the Goths, 97;
- conquers North Italy, 99;
- takes Rome, 100;
- conquers Sardinia and Sicily, 102;
- defeated by Narses and slain, 104.
- Balearic islands won by the Franks, 364.
- Barcelona taken by the Franks, 365;
- Bardas Caesar, regent for Michael III., 490;
- murdered by his nephew, 491.
- Bari, Moorish kingdom of, 452;
- retaken by Lewis II., 457.
- Basil I., the Macedonian, favourite of Michael III., 491;
- murders his benefactor, 492;
- his reign, 493;
- his internal administration and wars, 492;
- aids Lewis II. against Moors, 457.
- Basiliscus rebels against Zeno, 38.
- Basques, resist the Goths, 223, 224, 229;
- slay Roland the Frank, 353.
- Bathildis, mother of Clothar III., 257.
- Bavarians, origin of the, 118;
- rebel against the Franks, 261;
- subdued by Charles Martel, 290;
- conversion of, 297;
- annexed by Charles the Great, 356.
- Begga, daughter of Pippin the Elder, 178.
- Belisarius, early history of, 70;
- governor of Daras, 69;
- defeats Persians, 69;
- leads troops against ‘Nika’ rebellion, 73;
- conquers Vandals, 76-78;
- his triumph and consulship, 79;
- conquers Ostrogoths, 81-88;
- refuses Gothic crown, 87;
- recalled by Justinian, 88;
- second Persian war, 93;
- disgraced, 95;
- commands again in Italy, 99-101;
- defeats the Huns, 108;
- disgraced and restored, 108.
- Benedict III., reconciles the sons of Lothair, 425;
- his quarrel with Photius, 453.
- Benevento, origin of duchy of, 187;
- invaded by Charles the Great, 349;
- by Moors, 450;
- by Byzantines, 460.
- Berengar of Friuli, king of Italy, 445;
- his wars with Wido, 463;
- deposed, 463;
- regains his kingdom, 465;
- defeats Lewis of Arles, 466;
- defeats the Moors, 466;
- murdered, 467.
- Bernard, king of Italy, 377;
- Bernard of Septimania, minister of Lewis the Pious, 386.
- Bertha, marries Ethelbert of Kent, 161.
- —— wife of Pippin the Short, 329;
- reconciles her sons, 336.
- Berthari, Lombard king, 273;
- deposed and restored, 273, 274;
- his reign, 275.
- Bessas, governor of Rome, 99, 100.
- Biorn, jarl, ravages Neustria, 425.
- Blue and Green factions, 50;
- in the ‘Nika’ sedition, 71-73;
- armed by Maurice, 154;
- by Phocas, 157.
- Bodolin slays Childerich I., 258.
- Boethius, his imprisonment and death, 30.
- Bohemia conquered by Charles the Great, 361;
- Boniface, St. (Winifrith), missionary to Germany, 291;
- archbishop of Transrhenane Germany, 297;
- reforms the Church, 324;
- anoints Pippin, 326;
- martyrdom of, 329.
- Bonus, patrician, defends Constantinople, 210.
- Bordeaux taken by Danes, 421.
- Boso, king of Arles, 437.
- Bretons, independence of, 5, 59;
- Breviarium Alarici, Gothic law book, 132.
- Brunhildis marries Sigibert I., 133;
- stirs up wars, 163;
- imprisoned by Chilperich, 164;
- marries Merovech, 165;
- her regency, 165-168;
- her second regency, 172;
- third regency, 174;
- murdered, 174;
- character, 175.
- Buccelin, defeated by Narses, 106, 119.
- Buccellarii, 131, 242.
- Bulgarians, ravage Moesia, 49;
- settle there, 248;
- defeated by Justinian II., 249;
- wars of with Constantine Copronymus, 316;
- with Constantine VI., 319;
- with Nicephorus I., 480;
- defeated by Leo V., 482.
- Burgundy, kingdom of, 5;
- attacked by Franks, 26;
- subdued by Franks, 115.
- —— Lower, kingdom of, founded by Boso, 437.
- —— Upper (or Transjurane), kingdom of, founded by Rudolf, 445.
- Cardam, king of Bulgaria, 319
- Carloman, son of Charles Martel Mayor of Austrasia, 298;
- his campaigns, 323;
- abdicates, 324;
- opposes war with Lombards, 328.
- —— son of Pippin the Short, crowned at Soissons, 355;
- quarrels with Charles, 337;
- death, 338.
- —— king of Bavaria, 427;
- rebels against Lewis the German, 427;
- invades Italy, 433, 461;
- illness and death, 437-438.
- —— son of Charles the Bald, conspires against his father, 429.
- —— king of France, 426;
- buys peace from the Danes, 441;
- killed hunting, 441.
- Carthage, taken by Belisarius, 78;
- Casilinum, battle of, 106, 119.
- Castille, county of, 509.
- Charibert I., king of Paris, 160.
- —— II. king of Aquitaine, 178.
- Charles Martel, 264;
- leader of Austrasians, 265;
- defeats Neustrians, 266, 267;
- his rule as mayor, 267-269;
- wars with Saxons and Frisians, 289-290;
- subdues Aquitaine, 292;
- defeats Saracens at Poictiers, 293-294;
- conquers Provence and Septimania, 296.
- —— the Great, crowned at Noyon, 335;
- subdues Aquitaine, 337;
- character of, 338-343;
- conquers Lombards, 347-348;
- expeditions against Saxons, 346-351, 353-355, 366;
- invades Spain, 352;
- conquers the Slavs, 362;
- the Avars, 362-363;
- wars with East-Romans, 363;
- with Saracens, 365;
- with Danes, 368;
- his introduction of the theory of the empire, 369;
- coronation as emperor, 373;
- administration, 375-379;
- encouragement of art and learning, 379;
- death, 382.
- —— son of Charles the Great, king of Neustria, 359;
- conquers Bohemia, 361;
- dies, 377.
- —— the Bald, king of Suabia, 400;
- imprisoned by his brothers, 397;
- king of Neustria, 402;
- wars with Lothair, 407;
- subdues Aquitaine, 421;
- vexed by Vikings, 419-422;
- attacked by Lewis the German, 422, 426;
- issues edict of Pistres, 429;
- buys peace from the Danes, 420-434;
- invades Provence, 428;
- invades Austrasia, 432-434;
- emperor, 433; death, 435.
- Charles, king of Provence, 426;
- —— king of Aquitaine, 429.
- —— the Fat, king of Suabia, 427;
- invades Italy, 433;
- emperor, 438;
- buys peace from the Danes, 440;
- fails to relieve Paris, 442;
- dethroned 443;
- death, 443.
- —— the Simple, 441;
- rebels against Odo, king of France, 499;
- cedes Normandy to Hrolf, 501;
- civil wars of, 504-505;
- murdered, 505.
- Childebert I., king of Paris, 111;
- conquers Burgundy, 114;
- wars with Visigoths, 115;
- death, 121.
- —— II., king of Austrasia, 164;
- wars with Lombards, 170-192;
- with Neustrians, 171;
- death, 171.
- —— III., king of the Franks, 264.
- —— son of Grimoald, usurper, 256.
- Childerich I., king of Austrasia, 257-259.
- —— II., last king of the Franks, 268, 323;
- Chilperich I., king of Soissons, 160;
- murders his wife, 161;
- wars with Sigibert, 163;
- atrocities of, 168;
- death, 169.
- —— II., king of Neustria, 266;
- invades Austrasia, 266;
- defeated by Charles Martel, 266-267;
- death, 268.
- Chindaswinth, king of Visigoths, 225;
- his strong administration, 226.
- Chinthila, king of Visigoths, 225.
- Chlodomer, king of Orleans, 111;
- slain by Burgundians, 114.
- Chlodovald (St. Cloud), 114.
- Chlodovech I. (Chlodwig), king of the Franks, 25, 26, 58;
- conquers Northern Gaul, 59;
- marries Chrotehildis, 59;
- subdues Alamanni, 60;
- his conversion, 61;
- wars with Burgundians, 62;
- conquers Aquitaine, 63;
- king of all the Franks, 64.
- —— II., king of Neustria, 179, 256, 257, 264.
- Chlothar I., king of Soissons, 111, 112;
- murders his nephews, 114;
- conquers Burgundy, 115;
- wars with Visigoths, 119;
- defeated by Saxons, 120;
- sole king of the Franks, 121;
- death, 122.
- Chlothar II., king of Neustria, 169;
- wars with Austrasians, 174;
- murders Brunhildis, 174;
- decline in power of, 178.
- Chlothar III., king of Neustria, 257, 258.
- —— IV., king of Austrasia, 267.
- Chosroes I., king of Persia, 69;
- makes peace with Justinian, 69;
- receives embassy from Witiges, 86;
- war with Justinian, 92-96;
- with Justin II., 147.
- —— II., placed on throne by Maurice, 151;
- Chramn, son of Chlothar I., 120;
- Christophorus, rebellion of, 317.
- Chrotehildis (Clotilde) wife of Chlodovech, 59, 60.
- Clair-sur-Epte, treaty of, 502.
- Claudius, general of Reccared, 142.
- Clement, bishop, opposes Boniface, 324.
- Clepho, king of the Lombards, 186.
- Code of Justinian, 109;
- abridged by Leo the Isaurian, 307;
- by Basil I. 492.
- Colchis won by Justinian, 108.
- Conrad of Franconia, king of Germany, 475;
- his troubled reign, 476;
- defeated by Saxons, 476;
- death, 477.
- Constans II. See Constantinus.
- Constantine IV.. or V.., Pogonatus, emperor, 246;
- saves Constantinople from Saracens, 247;
- war with Bulgarians, 248.
- —— V. or VI., Copronymus, 312;
- his iconoclastic zeal, 314-315;
- wars with Saracens, 315;
- with Bulgarians, 316;
- death, 317.
- —— VI. or VII., 318;
- his minority, 318;
- seizes power, 319;
- dethroned by Irene, 320.
- —— VII. or VIII. Porphyrogenitus, 494.
- Constantinople, position and importance of, 35;
- siege of by Avars and Persians, 210, 211;
- first siege by Saracens, 247;
- Council of, 248, 278;
- second siege by Saracens, 301-303;
- Council of, 314;
- Synod of, anathematises the pope, 454.
- Constantinus (Constans II.), emperor, 237;
- wars with Saracens, 238-239;
- with Slavs, 240; his ‘Type,’ 241;
- attacks Lombards, 244, 274;
- quarrel with Pope Hadrian, 276;
- African war, 245;
- murdered, 246.
- Coronate, battle of, 275.
- Cosmas, rebels against Leo III., 311.
- Crete conquered by Saracens, 484.
- Crumn, Bulgarian king, his victories, 480-482.
- Ctesiphon taken by Saracens, 219.
- Cunibert, king of Lombards, 275;
- crushes rebellion of Alahis, 275.
- Cunimund, king of Gepidae, 183.
- Cyprus, invaded by Saracens, 237;
- recovered by Basil I., 493.
- Cyzicus, held by Saracens, 247.
- Dagobert I., 178;
- his wars, 179;
- aids Sisinand, 223.
- —— II., sent to Ireland, 259;
- restored and crowned, 259;
- slain, 259.
- —— III., 264.
- Damascus, taken by Persians, 205;
- Danelagh, the, 431.
- Danes. See Vikings.
- Dannewerk, the, 367.
- Daras built by Anastasius, 49;
- battle of, 69;
- besieged by Chosroes, 93;
- taken by Persians, 147.
- Dastagerd, sacked by Heraclius, 211.
- Decretals, the False, 454-456.
- Desiderata, wife of Charles the Great, 338.
- Desiderius, Lombard king, 331;
- allied to Charles the Great, 338;
- quarrels with the Papacy, 346;
- dethroned by Charles, 348.
- Digest of Justinian, 103.
- Dizabul, khan of the Turks, 147.
- Droisy, battle of, 171.
- Ducatus Romanus, the, 189, 191, 287.
- Eastphalians, the, resist Charles the Great, 349, 351, 354, 356.
- Ebbo, archbishop of Rheims, 386;
- conspires against Lewis the Pious, 394;
- banished, 399.
- Eberhard, feuds of, 473.
- Ebermund, surrenders to Belisarius, 82.
- Ebroin, Mayor in Neustria, 257;
- imprisoned, 258;
- tyranny of, 259;
- murdered, 260.
- Ecloga of Leo the Isaurian, 304.
- Edessa taken by Persians, 95.
- Edictum Rotharis, Lombard code, 197.
- Egica, Visigothic king, 231, 232.
- Egypt, conquered by Persians, 206;
- by Saracens, 220;
- revolts from Caliphs, 234.
- Einhard, chronicler, 268, 339.
- El-Mamun, caliph, wars of, with empire, 486;
- El-Motassem, caliph, wars of, with empire, 487;
- El-Samah, Saracen leader, 271.
- Elsloo, treaty of, 440.
- Empire, the Holy Roman, theory of, 376.
- Engeltrud, empress, 354, 366;
- England, Vikings in, 418, 431.
- Engrians, the, 349, 351.
- Erchinoald, Mayor in Neustria, 180.
- Eraric, Ostrogothic king, 97.
- Erwig, Visigothic king, 231, 232.
- Eudo, duke of Aquitaine, defeated by Charles Martel, 267;
- Eudocia, daughter of Valentinian III., married to Hunneric, 10.
- Euphemius, rebellion of, 448.
- Euric, king of Visigoths, 5, 58.
- Eutharic marries Amalaswintha, 29.
- Eutychius, exarch, loses and recovers Ravenna, 282-283;
- Exarchate of Ravenna, 190;
- conquered by Lombards, 282, 327;
- given to Papacy by Pippin, 331.
- Exhilaratus, duke of Naples, 281.
- Faenza, battle of, 97.
- False Decretals, the, 454-456.
- Faroald, duke of Spoleto, 187;
- Feudalism, merits and defects of, 413-415.
- Fiefs, the great, in France, 497.
- Fiesole besieged by Belisarius, 86.
- Fontenay, battle of, 408.
- Forimpopoli, stormed by Grimoald, 274.
- Formosus, pope, crowns Arnulf emperor, 464.
- Franks in Gaul, 5;
- converted to Christianity, 61;
- constitution of the, 122.
- See under names of kings.
- Fraxinet, Moorish colony at, 462.
- Fredegundis marries Chilperich, 161;
- murders Sigibert, 164;
- evil deeds of, 168;
- her wars against Austrasia 171;
- death, 172.
- Fridian, St., 263.
- Frisians, ravages of the, 261;
- subdued by Pippin II., 262;
- by Charles Martel, 267-270;
- converted to Christianity, 200, 330.
- Fulda Abbey, founded, 324.
- Gainas, the Goth, 34.
- Gaiseric (Genseric), Vandal king, conquers Africa, 7;
- his rule, 8;
- his victories, 9.
- Gall, St., 263.
- Galswintha married to Chilperich, 134;
- Geilamir dethrones Hilderic, 75;
- defeated by Belisarius, 77, 78;
- surrenders, 79.
- Genoa sacked by Franks, 117.
- George of Pisidia, poems of, 307.
- Gepidae defeated by Theodoric, 16;
- exterminated by Avars and Lombards, 146-183.
- Gerberga, wife of Carloman, 339, 345.
- Germanus, patriarch, deposed by Leo III., 311.
- —— nephew of Justinian, 102.
- Gesalic, rebels against Amalric, 26, 63.
- Givald’s Dyke, siege of, 421.
- Godebert, king of Lombards, 273.
- Godfred, Danish king, 367;
- —— Viking leader, ravages Neustria, 422;
- ravages Austrasia, 439;
- makes peace with Charles the Fat, 440;
- murdered, 442.
- Godfrid, duke of Suabia, 262.
- Gondomar, king of Burgundy, 114, 115.
- Gozelin, bishop, defends Paris, 440.
- Gregory I., pope, 198;
- character, 200; policy and activity of, 201-202;
- treaty with Agilulf, 195, 202;
- regard for Phocas, 157;
- for Brunhildis, 202.
- —— II., pope, refuses to acknowledge Philippicus, 279;
- quarrels with Leo the Isaurian, his letters to Leo, 282;
- holds synod against Iconoclasm, 284;
- consecrates Boniface, 291.
- —— III., pope, his disputes with Leo the Isaurian, 284;
- with Luitprand, 285;
- asks aid of the Franks, 286.
- Gregory IV., pope, aids rebellion against Lewis the Pious, 396-397.
- —— exarch of Africa, rebels, 238.
- Grifo, son of Charles Martel, 298;
- rebels, 322;
- claims Bavaria, 325.
- Grimoald, Mayor in Austrasia, 179;
- his usurpation and death, 256-257.
- —— duke of Benevento, murders king Godebert, 273;
- his wars with East-Romans, 244, 273-274;
- his government, 274.
- —— son of Pippin II., 262-264.
- —— II., duke of Benevento, resists Charles the Great, 349.
- Guadalete, battle of, 234.
- Gundimar, Visigothic king, 222.
- Gundobad, king of Burgundy, 5, 25, 26;
- his war with Chlodovech, 62.
- Gundovald, rebellion of, 170, 379.
- Gunthamund, Vandal king, 11.
- Guntram, king of Burgundy, aids Childebert II., 168;
- Hadrian I., pope, invited to Council of Nicaea, 318;
- quarrels with Lombards, 345.
- Hadrian II., pope, humbles Lothair II., 428;
- his friendship with Lewis II., 453, 458.
- Harald, king of the Danes, 393.
- Haroun-al-Raschid, caliph, invades Asia Minor, 319-320;
- sends embassy to Charles the Great, 359;
- his war with Nicephorus I., 479-480.
- Hatto, bishop of Mainz, minister of Lewis the Child, 473-476.
- Helisachar, chancellor of Lewis the Pious, 385.
- Helmichis conspires against Alboin, 85.
- Hemming, Danish king, 368.
- Henoticon, of Zeno, 46.
- Henry, count, slays Godfred, 442;
- —— duke of Saxony, rebellion of, 476;
- Heracleonas, emperor, 234;
- Heraclius leads fleet against Phocas, 156;
- emperor, 203;
- disasters of, 204;
- victories over Persians, 208;
- 211; defeated by Saracens, 217;
- death, 220.
- Heraclius Constantinus, commands against Saracens, 220;
- —— exarch of Africa, defeats Persians, 150;
- rebels against Phocas, 156.
- Heribert, count of Vermandois, 503-505;
- rebels against Charles the Simple.
- Hermanfrid, Thuringian king, 114.
- Hermenegild rebels against his father, 138;
- Hermengarde, wife of Lewis the Pious, 386;
- —— daughter of Lewis II., 459;
- marries Boso, king of Aries, 437.
- Hessi, Eastphalian duke, 351.
- Hijrah, the, 214.
- Hildebrand, Lombard king, 327.
- Hildegarde, queen of Charles the Great, 338.
- Hilderic, Vandal king, 28;
- dethroned by Geilamir, 75;
- murdered, 77.
- —— count, rebels against Wamba, 229.
- Hildibad, Gothic king, wins battle of Treviso, 96;
- Hildwin, chancellor of Lewis the Pious, 386;
- conspires against him, 394.
- Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, 456.
- Hisham, caliph, invades Anatolic themes, 311.
- —— king of Cordova, 365.
- Hormisdas, Persian king, 149;
- Hrolf, becomes duke of Normandy, 501;
- aids Charles the Simple, 511.
- Hruotland (Roland), death of, 353.
- Hukbert, duke of Bavaria, 290.
- Hunold, duke of Aquitaine, 296;
- rebels against Pippin and Carloman, 323;
- against Charles the Great, 337.
- Hunneric, king of the Vandals, 10, 11.
- Hungarians. See Magyars.
- Huns, Cotrigur, threaten Constantinople, 108.
- Hunwulf, brother of Odoacer, 14.
- Hygelac, Danish king, 113, 415.
- Hypatius, nephew of Anastasius, 51, 52;
- proclaimed emperor in the ‘Nika’ sedition, 71-73.
- Iconoclasm, origin of, 308-309;
- edict of Leo the Isaurian, 281;
- troubles resulting from, 310-312;
- condemned by Council of Rome, 284;
- affirmed by Council of Constantinople, 314;
- condemned by Council of Nicaea, 318;
- restored by Leo V., 483;
- put down by Theodora, 489.
- Iconoduly, extravagancies of, 308;
- restored by Irene, 318;
- by Theodora, 489.
- Illus, minister of Zeno, 38, 43;
- Image-worship. See Iconoclasm.
- Ingo murders Oskytel, 498.
- Ingunthis, wife of Hermenegild, 137.
- Institutes of Justinian, 110.
- Ireland, Vikings in, 417-418.
- Irene, empress, regency of, 318;
- conspires against her son, 319;
- blinds him, 319;
- dethroned by Nicephorus, 320.
- Irminsul, Saxon sanctuary, cast down by Charles the Great, 346.
- Isaurians favoured by Leo I., 36;
- and Zeno, 38;
- rebel under Longinus, 48.
- Islam, religion of, 312-315.
- Isperich, Bulgarian king, 248.
- Italy, Goths in, 19-24;
- reconquered by Justinian, 80-104;
- Lombard, invasion of, 181;
- its divisions, 187-189;
- Moors in, 450-466.
- See under Lombards and Papacy, 272-288.
- Jebel-Tarik (Gibraltar), 234.
- Jerusalem taken by Persians, 205;
- Jesse of Amiens conspires against Lewis the Pious, 394;
- Jews persecuted by Phocas, 156;
- John I., pope, sent by Theodoric to Constantinople, 31.
- —— VI., pope, his secular activity, 278;
- receives estates from Aribert II., 280.
- —— VIII., crowns Charles the Bald, 433;
- crowns Charles the Fat, 438, 462.
- —— the Patrician, defends Syracuse, 460.
- —— of Cappadocia, minister of Justinian, 71;
- —— the Bloody, officer of Belisarius, 85.
- Judith, wife of Lewis the Pious, 391;
- twice forced into a convent, 395-397.
- Julian, bishop of Toledo, 228, 231.
- Julius Nepos, his kingdom, 6;
- Justin I., emperor, 53;
- persecutes the Arians, 30;
- death, 54.
- —— II., emperor, 145;
- Avaric wars of, 146;
- Persian wars of, 147;
- his lunacy, 148.
- Justinian I., nephew and colleague of Justin, 53;
- emperor, 65;
- character of, 65;
- marries Theodora, 65;
- foreign policy of 68;
- first Persian war, 69;
- ‘Nika’ sedition, 71;
- subdues the Vandals, 76-79;
- Gothic wars of, 81-88;
- his buildings, 89-90;
- financial oppression, 90;
- second Persian war, 93;
- theological views of, 107;
- legal work of, 109-110.
- —— II., emperor, 249;
- wars of, 249-250;
- dispute with pope Sergius, 278;
- dethroned and banished, 251;
- escapes, 252;
- regains throne, 253;
- his tyranny and death, 253.
- Karlings, table of the, 413.
- Kassim-ibn-Yussuf summons Charles the Great to Spain, 352.
- Khaled, Saracen chief, 217, 218.
- Khazars invade Persia, 211;
- receive Justinian II., 252.
- Killian, missionary to Thuringia, 263.
- Kobad, king of Persia, wars of with Anastasius, 48;
- Koran, the, 215.
- Lafaux, battle of, 172, 260.
- Lambert of Spoleto, king of Italy, 464;
- Lantfrid, duke of Suabia, 290.
- Lauresheim, chronicle of, 373.
- Leander, bishop of Seville, 138.
- Leo I., emperor, 36.
- —— III., the Isaurian, emperor, 255;
- defends Constantinople, 301, 303;
- his edict against images, 281, 310;
- quarrels with Gregory II. and III., 282, 284;
- victories over Saracens, 311.
- —— IV., the Khazar, his reign and wars, 317.
- —— V., the Armenian, his usurpation, 482;
- his Bulgarian war, 482;
- represses image-worship, 483;
- murdered, 484.
- Leo VI., the Wise, character and reign of, 494;
- —— III., pope, delivered by Charles the Great, 372;
- crowns Charles emperor, 373;
- death, 387.
- —— IV., pope, his victory over the Saracens, 451.
- Leodegar (St. Leger), his rebellion, 258;
- rules Neustria, 259;
- murdered by Ebroin, 259.
- Leon, the kingdom of, 509.
- Leontius, emperor, 251, 253.
- Leova I., Visigothic king, 134.
- —— II., Visigothic king, 143, 221.
- Leovigild, Visigothic king, 132, 135;
- Lewis the Pious (or Débonnair) son of Charles the Great, king of Aquitaine, 359;
- conquers Barcelona, 364;
- emperor, 383;
- legislation of, 385-387;
- peril, 388;
- makes Partition of Aachen, 389;
- second marriage of, 391;
- twice deposed by rebellious sons, 393, 399;
- his last war, 401;
- death, 403.
- —— the German, king of Bavaria, 389;
- rebels against his father, 396, 401;
- war with Lothair I., 407-408;
- with Charles the Bald, 422;
- conquers and loses Neustria, 426;
- rebellions of his sons, 427;
- his influence in Germany, 433;
- death, 434.
- —— II., emperor, 423;
- wars with his brother Lothair, 425;
- his dealings with the Papacy, 451-452;
- campaigns against the Moors, 457;
- imprisoned at Benevento, 457;
- further victories over the Moors, 458;
- death, 459.
- —— the Saxon, rebels against his father, 427;
- defeats Charles the Bald, 434;
- attacks Neustria, 436;
- his wars with the Danes, 438;
- death, 439.
- —— II. (the Stammerer), king of France, short reign of, 436.
- —— III., king of France, 430;
- his wars with the Danes, 438;
- victory of Saucourt, 439;
- death, 439.
- —— the Child, king of Germany, 472;
- —— king of Arles, 445;
- invades Italy, 466;
- blinded by Berengar, 466.
- Liberius invades Spain, 133.
- Lithosoria, battle of, 316.
- Liutprand, Lombard king, 281;
- conquers the Exarchate, 282;
- arbitrates between pope and exarch, 284;
- aids Charles Martel against Saracens, 285;
- quarrels with Gregory III., 285;
- death, 287.
- Logothetes, oppression by the, 90, 96.
- Lombards, origin of the, 182;
- table of Lombard kings, 183;
- converted to Christianity, 193;
- dealings of, with the Papacy,;
- conquered by Charles the Great, 344-348.
- Lothair I., son of Lewis the Pious, 389;
- his rebellions against his father, 394-396;
- reconciled with Lewis, 402;
- emperor, 406;
- wars with his brother, 407;
- defeated at Fontenay, 408;
- troubles with the Vikings, 419;
- allied with Charles the Bald, 421;
- abdicates, 422.
- —— II., quarrels with his brothers, 425;
- wars with the Vikings, 428;
- allied to Charles the Bald, 425;
- matrimonial troubles of, 428;
- death, 431.
- Lotharingia, name of, 428.
- Louvain, battle of, 469.
- Lügenfeld, the, 397.
- Luitbert, Lombard king, 279-280.
- Luitpold, duke of Bavaria, slain by Magyars, 474.
- Lüneberg Heath, battle of, 438.
- Lupus, Gascon duke, 337.
- Lycandus, theme of, 494.
- Magyars, appearance of the, 471;
- ravage Italy, 465;
- their attacks on Germany, 471;
- slay Luitpold of Bavaria, 474;
- further ravages of, 476.
- Mallus, Frankish court, 175, 378.
- Mantua, taken by Lombards, 194.
- Manuel, takes Alexandria, 237.
- March of Spain won by Charles the Great, 365;
- Marchfield, assembly of Franks, 269.
- Martin I., pope, disputes with Constans II., 244, 376;
- Martina, wife of Heraclius, 218;
- her intrigues, 235;
- banished, 236.
- Maurice, victories of, 149;
- Mayors of the Palace, their office, 123;
- rising power of, 176;
- table of, 260;
- supersede kings, 259.
- Mehdy, caliph, invades empire, 317.
- Merovech marries Brunhildis, 165;
- murdered by Fredegundis, 166.
- Merovings, their government, 121-127;
- table of the, 166;
- end of the dynasty, 326.
- Mersen, partition-treaty of, 432.
- Mesopotamia attacked by Persians, 92;
- conquered by Persians, 155;
- by Saracens, 220;
- ravaged by East-Romans, 493.
- Mezecius, usurper in Sicily, 246.
- Michael I., Rhangabe, emperor, 364, 481;
- restores image-worship, 481;
- deposed, 482.
- —— II., the Amorian, conspires against Leo V., emperor, 484;
-
- civil wars of, 484;
- loss of Crete and Sicily, 485;
- ecclesiastical policy of, 485.
- —— III., the Drunkard, long minority of, 489;
-
- depravity of, 490;
- wars of, 491;
- murdered by Basil the Macedonian, 492.
- Missi Dominici, travelling commissioners of Charles the Great, 378.
- Missionaries in Germany, 263, 291-330.
- Mofareg-ibn-Salem, Moorish king in Italy, 452;
- conquered by Lewis II., 457.
- Mohammed, his character, 213;
- Mohammedanism, its good and evil points, 214-215.
- Monophysite heresy, the, 38, 45, 50.
- Monothelite heresy, 241, 276;
- condemned by Council of Constantinople, 248, 278.
- Monza, Basilica of, 193;
- Moors rebel against Hunneric, II.;
- against Hilderic, 75;
- conquered by Saracens, 233;
- invade Spain, 234;
- their rule in Spain, 234, 506-510;
- invade Italy, 450;
- defeated by Lewis II., 457-458;
- expelled by Berengar, 466.
- Moslemah besieges Constantinople, 255, 301.
- Moslems. See Saracens.
- Muavia, governor of Syria, 239;
- caliph, 245;
- his wars with Constans, 245.
- Mummolus, general of Guntram, defeats the Lombards, 163, 187;
- Musa, governor of Africa, 234.
- Nanthildis, queen regent, 180.
- Naples besieged by Belisarius, 82;
- by Baduila, 98;
- dealings of, with Moors, 461.
- Narbonne held by Saracens, 271;
- taken by Pippin the Short, 331.
- Narses reinforces Belisarius, 86;
- conquers the Goths, 102, 105;
- legend of his message to Lombards, 184.
- Navarre, kingdom of, 509.
- Neustria, origin of name of, 187.
- See under names of kings.
- Nicaea, Council of, confirms image-worship, 318.
- Nicephorus I., emperor, 320;
- war with Charles the Great, 363;
- his Saracen and Bulgarian wars, 479-480;
- his ecclesiastical policy, 479;
- slain in battle, 480.
- —— Caesar, rebellions of, 317, 318.
- —— Phocas, conquers South Italy, 460.
- Nicetas of Tarsus defends Syracuse, 460.
- —— Oriphas, admiral, defeats the Moors, 457.
- Nicolas I., pope, his quarrel with king Lothair, 428;
- his quarrel with the patriarch Photius, 453;
- uses the False Decretals, 454.
- Nineveh, battle of, 211.
- Nordalbingians, wars of, with Charles the Great, 349, 360, 366.
- Noricum, evacuated by Odoacer, 14.
- Norsemen. See Vikings.
- Odo, defends Paris, 440;
- proclaimed king of France, 444;
- Viking wars of, 495-496;
- civil wars with Charles the Simple, 498;
- death, 499.
- Odoacer, Flavius, patrician, in Italy, 1;
- his position, 4;
- wars of, 13, 14;
- defeated by Theodoric, 15;
- slain, 18.
- Omar, caliph, takes Jerusalem, 219;
- conquests of, 237;
- murdered, 239.
- Ommeyad dynasty, rise of, 245;
- Oscar, Danish jarl, 420, 421.
- Oskytel, Viking chief, 498.
- Ostrogoths, wars of, with Zeno, 40;
- conquer Italy, 19;
- settled in Italy, 22;
- wars of, with Justinian, 80-105.
- Othman, caliph, 238-239.
- Othman-abu-Neza, Moorish chief, 292-293.
- Otranto besieged by Baduila, 99.
- Paderborn, diet of, 352.
- Padua taken by Agilulf, 194.
- Palermo taken by Belisarius, 81;
- Pandects of Justinian, 109.
- Pantheon plundered by Constans, 277.
- Papacy, power of the, 198-199;
- growth of importance of, 276;
- its struggles with the emperors, 276-279;
- relations of, with Charles the Great, 374.
- Paris sacked by Danes, 420;
- again, 425;
- fortified by Charles the Bald, 430;
- repels the Danes, 442;
- fourth siege of, 498.
- Paul the Deacon, 185, 244, 379-380.
- Paulus, Visigothic count, rebellion of, 229.
- Pavia, Gothic stronghold, 96;
- taken by Alboin, 185;
- besieged by Pippin, 329, 331;
- taken by Charles the Great, 347-348.
- Pelagius, king of Asturias, resists the Moors, 507.
- Peredeo slays Alboin, 185.
- Persian war of Anastasius, 48-49;
- Peter of Pisa, 341, 379.
- Philippicus, usurper, 253;
- his quarrel with Gregory II., 279.
- Phocas dethrones and murders Maurice, 153;
- Phœnix, battle of, 159.
- Photius, patriarch, his quarrel with the Papacy, 453, 492.
- Pippin I., the elder, 174;
- Mayor of the Palace, 179.
- —— II., the Younger, leads the Austrasians against Ebroin, 260;
- his victory at Testry, 260;
- his government, 261, 263;
- death, 264.
- Pippin III., the Short, Mayor of Neustria, 298;
- his wars, 323;
- ecclesiastical reforms, 324, 330;
- king of the Franks, 325;
- crowned by the pope, 329;
- Lombard wars, 328-330;
- his gift of the Exarchate to the pope, 331;
- conquers Narbonne and Aquitaine, 331-332;
- death, 333.
- —— son of Charles the Great, ruler of Lombardy, 359;
- conquers the Avars, 362;
- death, 377.
- —— son of Lewis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, 389;
- —— the younger, of Aquitaine, disinherited by Lewis the Pious, 401-402;
- fights at Fontenay, 407;
- wars of, with Charles the Bald, 419-421;
- turns heathen, 431;
- imprisoned for life, 431.
- Pistres, edict of, 429.
- Plague, great, of A.D. 542, 94.
- Plectrudis, wife of Pippin II., 265-267.
- Poictiers, battle of, 271, 293-294.
- Pretextatus, bishop, 165;
- murdered by Fredegundis, 168.
- Procopius, historian, Secret History of, 67.
- Protadius, Mayor of Burgundy, 171-173.
- Provence, kingdom of. See Arles, 437.
- Radbod, duke of Frisia, 262.
- Radelchis, duke of Benevento, calls in the Moors, 450.
- Raginfred, mayor of Neustria, 265;
- rebels against Charles Martel, 290.
- Ramnulf, count of Poictiers, usurpation of, 498, 501.
- Ratchis, Lombard king, 327;
- abdicates, 327;
- rebels against Desiderius, 331.
- Ravenna taken by Theodoric, 17;
- by Belisarius, 87;
- exarchate of, 188, 190, 198;
- taken and lost by Luitprand, 282-283;
- taken by Aistulf, 327;
- given to the Papacy by Pippin, 331.
- Reccared I., Visigothic king, 140;
- converted to Catholicism, 142;
- reign of, 143.
- —— II., Visigothic king, 223.
- Recceswinth, Visigothic king, 226-267.
- Reginald, count of Hainault, rebels against Zwentibold, 470;
- leagued with Charles the Simple, 474.
- Reginbert, duke of Turin, rebels against Luitbert, 279.
- Rhazates, Persian general, 211.
- Rhodes captured by Saracens, 239.
- Rimini taken by Belisarius, 85;
- Ripuarian Franks, 56;
- subdued by Chlodovech, 59.
- Robert the Strong, slain by Vikings, 496.
- —— duke of France, submits to Charles the Simple, 499;
- fights the Vikings, 501;
- usurpation of, 503;
- slain in battle, 504.
- Roderic, Visigothic king, 231-233.
- Rodoald, Lombard king, 198.
- Roland (Hruotland), Chanson de, 353.
- Rome taken by Belisarius, 82;
- besieged by Witiges, 83-84;
- taken by Baduila, 99;
- recovered by Belisarius, 101;
- retaken by Baduila, 102;
- taken by Narses, 104;
- ruled by Gregory the Great, 201-202;
- visited by Constans, 245;
- its importance in the 7th century, 276;
- Council of, 284;
- besieged by Lombards, 346;
- threatened by Saracens, 451;
- stormed by Arnulf, 464.
- Romuald, duke of Benevento, 244, 273;
- Romulus Augustulus, deposed, 1.
- Roncesvalles, battle of, 353.
- Rorik, Danish chief, 419.
- Rosamund, wife of Alboin, 183;
- Rothari, Lombard king, 196;
- his conquests and laws, 197.
- Rothrudis, wife of Charles Martel, 298.
- Rudolf, duke, rebels against Charles the Simple, 503;
- —— I., king of Transjurane Burgundy, 445;
- does homage to Arnulf, 468.
- —— II., dethrones Berenger, 467.
- Rugians defeated by Odoacer, 14.
- Rupert, St., converts the Bavarians, 263.
- Saiones, or ‘king’s men,’ 22, 131.
- Salerno, duchy of, 452;
- Salian Franks, 56.
- Samo, leader of Slavs, 177.
- Saracens conquer Syria and Egypt, 214, 219;
- invade Africa, 238, 245;
- take Carthage, 251;
- invade Spain, 234;
- cross the Pyrenees, 271;
- ravage Gaul, 292;
- defeated at Poictiers, 293;
- besiege Constantinople, 301-303;
- wars with Charles the Great, 352, 364, 365. See also under Moors.
- Saragossa, Franks defeated at, 129;
- Charles the Great at, 352.
- Saucourt, battle of, 439.
- Saxons, defeat Chlothar I., 120;
- invade Austrasia, 265;
- defeated by Charles Martel, 267, 289, 297;
- rebel against Pippin the Short, 323;
- subdued by Pippin, 332;
- by Charles the Great, 346, 351;
- later rebellions of, 351, 354, 355, 366;
- rebel against Lewis the German, 408;
- defeated by the Danes, 434;
- rebel against Conrad I., 476.
- Schism of Eastern and Western Churches, 453.
- Sebastopolis, battle of, 250.
- Secret History, the, 67, 68.
- Senate, the Roman, sends embassy to Zeno, 1;
- trial of Boethius in, 30;
- reorganised by Baduila, 102.
- Sergius, patriarch, 207-208.
- —— pope, refuses obedience to Justinian II., 278.
- —— V., crowns the emperor Lewis II., 423.
- Sharbarz, Persian general, 205-210.
- Sicard, of Benevento, murdered, 450.
- Siconulf, first duke of Salerno, calls in the Moors, 450-452.
- Sicily conquered by Belisarius, 81;
- Constans in, 245;
- attacked by the Moors, 447;
- long wars in, 449;
- finally reduced by Moors, 460.
- Siegfred, Viking chief, 439;
- invades Neustria, 441;
- besieges Paris, 442.
- Sigibert, king of Köln, ally of Chlodovech, 39;
- —— I., 160;
- marries Brunhildis, 161;
- his war with Lombards, 163;
- with Chilperich, 163;
- murdered, 164.
- —— II., murdered by Chlothar II., 174.
- —— III., king of Austrasia, 179, 256.
- Sigismund, king of Burgundy, 26-27, 114.
- Silverius, pope, and the Senate invite Belisarius to Rome, 83.
- Siroes, king of Persia, murders his father, 212.
- Sisibut, Visigothic king, 222;
- his chronicle, 222;
- reign of, 223.
- Sisinand rebels against Swinthila, 179, 224;
- Slavs, cross the Danube, 151-152;
- wars of, with the Franks, 178;
- with Lombards, 195;
- settle in Balkan peninsula, 240;
- defeated by Constans, 241;
- conquered by Bulgarians, 248;
- subdued by Constantine V., 315;
- rebel against Irene, 318;
- on the Baltic, 360;
- conquered by Charles the Great, 360-362;
- revolt from the Franks, 409-414;
- subdued by Arnulf, 470.
- Soissons, battle of, 267;
- council of, 326;
- Robert of France slain at, 504.
- Soliman, caliph, 254;
- sends expedition against Constantinople, 255, 300.
- —— -ibn-al-Arabi invites the Franks to Spain, 352.
- Sophia, St., church of, burnt in ‘Nika’ riot, 73;
- rebuilt by Justinian, 90.
- —— empress, 146;
- Sophronius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 219.
- Spain. See under Visigoths, Saracens, 234.
- Spoleto, duchy of, 187.
- Stauracius, short reign of, 480-481.
- Stephanus, minister of Justinian II., 250-251.
- Stephen II., pope, asks aid of Pippin the Short, 328;
- receives the Exarchate, 331;
- embassy to Charles the Great, 338.
- —— IV. crowns Lewis the Pious, 387.
- —— V. crowns Wido emperor, 463.
- —— VI., pope, 465.
- Strasburg, Oaths of, 409.
- Strategicon of Maurice, 150.
- Strategos, office of the, 243.
- Suabians (Alamanni) rebel against the Franks, 262;
- subdued by Pippin II., 262;
- by Charles Martel, 290;
- by Pippin the Short, 223.
- Suevi, wars of, with Visigoths, 131-138;
- subdued by Leovigild, 139.
- Suidbert, missionary to Hesse, 263, 291.
- Swinthila, Visigothic king, 223;
- Syagrius, ruler in Gaul, 5-57;
- Symmachus, executed by Theodoric, 31.
- Syracuse, Constans murdered at, 246;
- besieged by the Moors, 448;
- taken by the Moors, 460.
- Syria, invaded by Kobad, 69;
- by Chosroes, 92;
- conquered by Saracens, 218.
- Taginae, battle of, 104.
- Tarasius, patriarch, 318.
- Tassilo, duke of Bavaria, rebels against Pippin the Short, 332;
- treaty of, with Charles the Great, 337;
- deposed, 356.
- Teia, Gothic count, 103;
- king of the Goths, 104;
- slain, 104.
- Temporal power of the papacy, its commencement, 197;
- established by Charles the Great, 344.
- Terbel, Bulgarian king, 302.
- Testry, battle of, 260.
- Teutberga, wife of Lothair II., 428.
- Themes, creation of the, 242;
- Theoctistus, count, minister of Michael III., murdered, 490.
- Theodahat, Gothic king, 80;
- murders Amalaswintha, 80;
- at war with Justinian, 81;
- deposed and slain, 82.
- Theodelinda, wife of Authari, 193;
- Theodora, wife of Justinian, 66;
- her early life, 67;
- character, 68;
- conduct during ‘Nika’ riot, 73;
- death, 106.
- —— wife of Theophilus, empress regent, 488;
- restores image-worship, 489;
- banished, 490.
- Theodore, brother of Heraclius, 217, 218.
- Theodoric, son of Triarius, rebels against Zeno, 41;
- makes terms with him, 42;
- death, 43.
- —— son of Theodomir, early life of, 42;
- takes arms against Theodoric, son of Triarius, 41;
- ravages Thrace and Macedon, 43;
- makes terms with Zeno, 43;
- invades Italy, 16;
- defeats Odoacer, 17-18;
- king of Italy, 19;
- character and administration of, 21, 22;
- foreign policy, 24;
- wars with Franks and Burgundians, 26, 60;
- king of Spain, 27;
- troubles of his later years, 29, 30;
- death, 32.
- Theodosius, brother of Constans, 241.
- —— III., emperor, 254;
- Theodota, wife of Constantine VI., 319.
- Theodotus, minister of Justinian II., 250-251.
- Theophilus, emperor, 486;
- wars with Saracens, 487;
- favours Iconoclasm, 488;
- marriage of, 488.
- Theudebald, king of Franks, 118;
- —— duke of Suabia, rebels against Pippin, 323.
- Theudebert I., king of Ripuaria, 116;
- —— II., king of Austrasia, 171;
- war with Theuderich, 173.
- Theuderich I., king of Austrasia, III;
- conquers Thuringia, 113;
- death, 116.
- —— II., king of Burgundy, 172;
- his war with Theudebert, 173.
- —— III., king of Austrasia, 258-259, 264.
- —— IV., last of the Merovings, 268-297.
- Theudis, regent in Spain, 27;
- king of the Visigoths, 115, 128;
- his defeat in Africa, 132;
- slain, 133.
- Theudigisel, victory of, at Saragossa, 119, 129;
- king of Visigoths, 133;
- slain, 133.
- Theudoald, grandson of Pippin II., 264, 266.
- Thomas, rebels against Michael II., 484.
- Thorgisl, raids of, in Ireland, 418.
- Thrasamund, Vandal king, 28.
- ‘Three Chapters’ of Justinian, 107.
- Thuringia, conquered by Theuderich I., 113;
- recovers its independence, 261;
- converted to Christianity, 291, 324.
- Tiberius Constantinus, emperor, 148;
- makes peace with Avars, 149.
- Tiberius Apsimarus, emperor, 252;
- Totila. See Baduila.
- Toulouse, Saracens defeated at, 271;
- Danes at, 420;
- county of, 497.
- Transimund, duke of Spoleto, rebels against Luitprand, 285.
- Treviso, battle of, 96.
- Tribonian, quæstor of Justinian, 71;
- aids Justinian’s legal reforms, 109.
- True Cross, the, carried off by Persians, 205;
- won back by Heraclius, 212;
- restored to Jerusalem, 217;
- taken to Constantinople, 219.
- Tulga, Visigothic king, 225.
- ‘Type,’ the, of Constans, 241.
- Urias, Gothic chief, takes Milan, 86.
- Urso, Beneventan duke, 460.
- Utrecht, see of, founded, 330;
- Vandals in Africa, 8;
- table of kings of, 12;
- their oppressive government, 28;
- destroyed by Belisarius, 79.
- Varahnes, Persian usurper, 151.
- Verden, massacre of, 342, 355.
- Verdun, partition-treaty of, 409.
- Verina, empress, 38, 44.
- Verona held by Goths, 87;
- taken by Lombards, 185;
- taken by Charles the Great, 347;
- Berengar besieged in, 467.
- Véséronce, battle of, 114.
- Vigilius, pope, imprisoned by Justinian, 107.
- Vikings, first ravages of, 400;
- Vincy, battle of, 267.
- Visigoths driven from Gaul, 62;
- in Spain, 128;
- become Catholics, 142;
- government of the, 221;
- conquered by Moors, 234.
- Vitalian, pope, 245-277.
- —— count, rebellion of, 51;
- Waifer, duke of Aquitaine, rebels against Pippin the Short, 332;
- —— duke of Salerno, 458.
- Wala, count, exiled by Lewis the Pious, 386;
- recalled, 391;
- conspires against Lewis, 394;
- banished to Corbey, 395;
- death, 399.
- Wamba, Visgothic king, 227-228;
- crushes rebellion of Paulus, 229;
- his laws, 230;
- deposed, 231.
- Warnacher, Mayor of Austrasia, 176.
- Wathek, caliph, 490.
- Welid, caliph, 254.
- Wends, their war with Dagobert, 178.
- Weregeld among the Franks, 125-126.
- Westphalians, wars of, with Charles the Great, 349-354.
- Wettin of Reichenau, vision of, 342.
- Wido aspires to French throne, 444;
- expels Byzantines from Benevento, 460;
- wars with Berengar, 463;
- with Arnulf, 460;
- emperor, 463.
- Wilfrid of York, 259.
- William, count of Toulouse, 365.
- Willibrord, apostle of Frisia, 263;
- sends missionaries to Germany, 290-291.
- Wiltzes subdued by Charles the Great, 360;
- subdued by the Danes, 361-367.
- Winfrith. See Boniface.
- Wintrio, duke, rebellion of, 172.
- Witiges, Ostrogothic king, 82;
- besieges Rome, 83;
- subdued by Belisarius, 87;
- taken captive to Constantinople, 88.
- Witikind, Saxon chief, 351;
- leads Saxons against Charles the Great, 353-354;
- submits to Charles, 355.
- Witiza, Visigothic king, 231.
- Witterich, rebellion of, 144;
- Wulfoald, Mayor of Austrasia, 258;
- restores Dagobert II., 259.
- Yermak, battle of the, 218.
- Yesdigerd, last king of Persia, 219, 238.
- Yussuf invades Gaul, 296.
- Zabergan, khan of the Huns, 108.
- Zacharias, pope, makes peace with Lombards, 287;
- encourages Pippin to seize Frankish crown, 326;
- makes peace with Ratchis, 327.
- Zeno, character and administration of, 37;
- subdues rebellion of Basiliscus, 38-39;
- makes Odoacer Patrician, 1, 39;
- wars with the two Theodorics, 42;
- sends Theodoric to Italy, 15-45;
- his ecclesiastical policy, 45;
- death, 45.
- Ziadet-Allah, Moorish king, 448;
- Zotto, first duke of Benevento, 187.
- Zwentibold, king of Lotharingia, 470;