Nineteen inscribed base-fragments have been referred to the post-Christian centuries, thirteen to the first, three to the second, and three to the third. The spaces around the temple of Zeus (especially its eastern front) are again the favorite ones. Thus the bases of three statues were found east of the temple (one in situ), two near its southeastern corner, three at the northeastern corner (one, that of Germanicus Cæsar, the nephew of Tiberius, just to the north of the Eretrian Bull, and so originally standing here near that of his uncle), while another stood opposite the fifth column from the east on the north side of the temple. Most of these statues must have been passed by Pausanias in his first ἔφοδος, which is, perhaps, another evidence of his dependence on older lists in compiling his own. Two other bases were found to the southwest of the temple, one of them near its corner, and the other nearer the corner of the Altis, i. e., near the base of the statue of Philonides (154a). Thus eleven statues stood near the temple. Of the others, four were found in the vicinity of the Palaistra (one inside in situ), one to the northeast of the Prytaneion, another northeast of the Byzantine church, while the two remaining ones were found in the eastern part of the Altis, near the entrance to the Stadion and before the Echo Colonnade respectively. The base of the last statue of a victor known to have been erected at Olympia, that of Valerios Eklektos of Sinope, previously mentioned, was found in situ in the Palaistra. We append a detailed list of these bases, giving the provenience of each.
Of the first century A. D., the fore part of the base of the monument of Germanicus, son of Nero Claudius Drusus, was found east of the temple of Zeus, north of the Eretrian Bull;2418 the base of that of Gnaios Markios was found opposite the southeast corner of the temple;2419 that of Markos Antonios Kallippos Peisanos, son of M. Antonios Alexion of Elis, who won κέλητι πωλικῷ in Ol. 177 ( = 72 A. D.), was found in the West Byzantine wall at the southwest corner of the temple.2420 The base of the monument of Polyxenos, son of Apollophanes of Zakynthos, victor in πάλη παίδων, was discovered at the southwest corner of the Altis far from its probable original location;2421 that of P. Kornelios Ariston, son of Eirenaios of Ephesos, victor in παγκράτιον παίδων in Ol. 207 = 49 A. D.), in front of the north wall of the Palaistra;2422 the marble plate from that of Tiberios Klaudios Aphrodeisios of Elis (?), who won κέλητι τελείῳ in Ol. 208 ( = 53 A. D.), was unearthed near its semicircular base, which was found in situ east of the temple.2423 Four fragments of the base of the monument of the boy pancratiast Nikanor, son of Sokles of Ephesos, were recovered east of the temple, and another one near its southeastern corner.2424 The base of that of Markos Deida of Antioch, victor in πάλη παίδων in Ol. 219 ( = 97 A. D.), was found southeast of the temple;2425 that of an unknown victor in the δίαυλος and as ὁπλίτης (three times) in the North Byzantine wall;2426 that of Hermas, son of Ision of Antioch, a victor in παγκράτιον, between the West Altis wall and the southeastern corner of the Palaistra;2427 that of Diogenes, son of Dionysios of Ephesos, victor σαλπίγγι five times, before the centre of the Echo Colonnade.2428 The inscribed fragments of the bronze legs of the statues of two unknown victors have also been excavated, the one near the starting-place in the Stadion,2429 the other near the fifth column from the east on the north side of the temple of Zeus.2430
Of the second century A. D., we have the following bases: that of Kasia M[nasithea], daughter of M. Betilenos (or Vetulenos) Laitos of Elis, who won ἅρματι πωλικῷ, was found northeast of the Prytaneion;2431 the upper part of the pedestal of the quadriga of L. Minicius Natalis of Rome, victor ἅρματι τελείῳ in Ol. 227 ( = 129 A. D.), was unearthed in the east wall of the Palaistra.2432 The base of the statue erected to the herald P. Ailios Artemas of Laodikeia (in Phrygia?) was found 20 meters north of the northeastern corner of the temple of Zeus.2433
Of the third century A. D., i. e., after the time of Pausanias, we have these bases: that of P. Ailios Alkandridas, son of Damokratidas of Sparta, twice victor in (?) πάλη, was found northeast of the Byzantine church;2434 that of Theopropos of Rhodes, who won κέλητι, was unearthed east of the temple of Zeus, just south of the basis of the Nike of Paionios;2435 the base of the statue of Valerios Eklektos of Sinope, victor as κῆρυξ in Ols. 256, 258–260 ( = 245, 253–261 A. D.), was found in situ in the Palaistra.2436 We should add for this century also the inscribed bronze diskos, the votive (not victor) offering of Poplios (Publius) Asklepiades of Corinth, which was found 2.5 meters south of the Southwest gate of the Altis.2437
A study of these inscriptions shows that the practice of setting up victor statues decreased in the fourth and third centuries B. C., but was revived in the second and first, only to decrease again after the first century A. D. On the other hand, the inscriptions show that the number of “honor” statues correspondingly increased. Of the later statues, most were erected to Eleans; names of victors from Sicily and Italy, and from the older Greek states, as Sparta and Athens, are rare, being replaced by those from Asia Minor and the newer towns of the Greek mainland. This falling off of interest in the games was largely due to professionalism. In the second century B. C., we begin to read in the inscriptions of περιοδονῖκαι, i. e., victors winning prizes at all the four national games, a sure indication of the professional spirit. Even Pausanias mentions two such victors.2438
From these inscribed base-fragments, we have knowledge of 61 victors (63 monuments)2439 who had statues erected to them, though they are not named in the lists of Pausanias. Of the 192 monuments mentioned by Pausanias, 40 are known to us from recovered fragments of bases and statues. So if we assume the same ratio between known and unknown for those not mentioned by Pausanias, we should have the proportion 40 : 192 : : 63 : x, where x would equal 302, making a grand total of 494 monuments, which number can not be far from the actual number of victor statues adorning the Altis.2440
In Chapter I, we showed that frequently statues or other monuments were erected in their native towns as a part of the honor paid to Olympic victors. We shall now give a list of all such monuments set up in various parts of the Greek world which are known to us from notices in ancient literature and from inscriptions.2441 These, like the statues in the Altis, range in date from the seventh century B. C. to the fourth A. D., and offer still greater variety in the kinds of dedication. It will be best to arrange the list as far as possible chronologically and in numerical sequence, adding the authorities for the dates of the various victories in the footnotes.2442
Victors with monuments of the seventh century B. C.:
1. Chionis, of Sparta.2443 Besides his statue by Myron and the tablet containing a list of his victories at Olympia mentioned by Pausanias (VI, 13.2), the same writer records a similar tablet in Sparta, erected near the royal tomb of the Agids, likewise set up by his townspeople (III, 14.3). The Spartan tablet, like the monuments in his honor at Olympia, was doubtless set up long after the victory, about Ols. 77 or 78 ( = 472 or 468 B. C.).
2. Kylon, of Athens.2444 Pausanias records that a bronze statue of this victor stood upon the Athenian Akropolis, erected, as he supposes, in honor of his beauty and reputation as an Olympic victor (I, 28.1). Kylon was the leader of the well-known conspiracy of 632 B. C., when he tried to make himself tyrant of Athens.2445 Furtwaengler has proposed the theory that this monument was not set up in honor of Kylon by the Athenians, as Pausanias says, but that it was a dedication by his family after his Olympic victory.2446 A. Schaefer,2447 however, more justly believed that the statue was an expiatory offering for the massacre of Kylon’s companions on the Akropolis,2448 set up in the time of Perikles, the date of which would account for the “beauty” of the statue. Still another scholar2449 believes that Pausanias’ remark was called forth by the epigram on the statue.2450
3. Hipposthenes, of Sparta.2451 Pausanias records that a temple was dedicated to him in Sparta, where he received divine worship (III, 15.7). It has been argued that the words of Pausanias (l. c.) show that Hipposthenes here was worshiped only in the character of Poseidon, whose epithet was ἵππιος (cf. P., I, 30.4).2452
Of the sixth century B. C.:
4. Hetoimokles, son of Hipposthenes of Sparta.2453 Pausanias mentions a statue of this victor at Sparta (III, 13.9).
5. Arrhachion, of Phigalia.2454 Pausanias records the stone statue in the archaic pose, and with weathered inscription, erected to this victor in the market-place at Phigalia (VIII, 40.1), which we have discussed at length in the preceding chapter (Fig. 79).
6. Kimon, the son of Stesagoras, of Athens.2455 Aelian mentions αἱ Κίμωνος ἵπποι χαλκαῖ, very true to the originals, in Athens,2456 which seem to have been set up in honor of his three chariot victories at Olympia. His first victory was won when he was in banishment at the hands of the tyrant Peisistratos, son of Hippokrates. Having entered his horses under the tyrant’s name for the second contest, he was in consequence recalled, and a third time entered them and won under his own name.2457 The pseudo-Andokides confuses this older Kimon with the younger, when he calls the latter an Olympic victor.2458 Similarly a scholiast on Aristophanes2459 confuses him with Megakles, who won a victory τεθρίππῳ in Ol. 47 ( = 592 B. C.).2460
7. Philippos, son of Boutakides, of Kroton.2461 The people of Egesta in Sicily erected a shrine over his grave in their town, and paid him divine honors on account of his beauty, in which he surpassed all his contemporaries.2462
Of the fifth century B. C.:
8. Astylos, or Astyalos, of Kroton.2463 Besides mentioning his statue by Pythagoras of Rhegion at Olympia, Pausanias in the same passage (VI, 13.1) mentions another in the temple of Lakinian Hera near Kroton, which his fellow-townsmen pulled down in anger, because he had called himself a Syracusan in order to please the Sicilian tyrant Hiero.2464 Collignon believes that the statue at Kroton was also a copy of the work of Pythagoras at Olympia.2465
9. Euthymos, son of Astykles, of Lokroi Epizephyrioi in South Italy.2466 In addition to his statue at Olympia by Pythagoras, mentioned by Pausanias (VI, 6.4–6),2467 we know of another statue by Pythagoras set up in Lokroi in honor of this victor.2468 According to Kallimachos, both statues were struck by lightning at the same time. Other writers tell wondrous tales of this boxer.2469
10. Theagenes, son of Timosthenes, of Thasos, one of the most famous Olympic victors.2470 Besides his statue at Olympia by Glaukias of Aegina (VI, 11.2 and 9), Pausanias says that he knows of many other places in Greece and elsewhere where images of this victor were set up (VI, 11.9), and records one at Thasos to which the Thasians sacrificed as to a god (VI, 11.6). The story which he tells about this Thasian statue being scourged and falling on the enemy of Theagenes is also recounted at greater length by Dio Chrysostom2471 and is mentioned by Eusebios.2472 Lucian says that the statue cured fevers, just as did that of Polydamas at Olympia.2473 Studniczka has argued that the statues at Thasos and elsewhere were set up to honor the hero and not the victor.2474
11. Ladas, of Sparta.2475 Two fourth-century epigrams celebrate the fleetness of Ladas, and the second names Myron as the statuary of a bronze statue of him.2476 Pausanias mentions a statue of the same victor in the temple of Apollo Lykios in Argos (II, 19.7). Whether the latter statue was identical with the one named in the epigram can not be finally determined.2477 Pausanias refers to a stadion of Ladas, situated between Mantinea and Orchomenos in Arkadia, in which Ladas practiced running (VIII, 12.5), and also to his grave between Belemina and Sparta (III, 21.1).
12. Kallias, son of Didymias of Athens.2478 Apart from his statue at Olympia made by the Athenian painter and sculptor Mikon, mentioned by Pausanias (VI, 6.1),2479 there was a dedication to him at Athens, as we learn from the preserved inscription, which enumerates his thirteen victories at Olympia and elsewhere.2480
13. Diagoras, son of Damagetos, of Rhodes, the most famous of Greek boxers.2481 In addition to his statue at Olympia by Kallikles, son of Theokosmos of Megara, mentioned by Pausanias (VI, 7.1–2) as standing among the group of statues of his sons and grandsons, we learn from the scholiast on Pindar, Ol. VII, Argum., who quotes Gorgon as his authority,2482 that this ode, which celebrated the Olympic victory of Diagoras, was attached in golden letters to the walls of the temple of Athena at Lindos.
14. Agias, of Pharsalos.2483 We have already, in Ch. VI, discussed the group of marble statues set up at Delphi by Daochos of Pharsalos in honor of his ancestors who had won in various athletic contests, which was discovered by the French excavators there in 1894. We there mentioned that Preuner found the same metrical inscription which appeared on the base of the statue of Agias, the best preserved of the group (Pl. 28 and Fig. 68), in the journal of Stackelberg,2484 who had copied it in the early part of the nineteenth century from a base in Pharsalos which has since disappeared. This Thessalian inscription contained the additional words that Lysippos of Sikyon was the sculptor. In both inscriptions the victories of Agias at Olympia and elsewhere are noted. Thus we know of two statues of Agias, one at Delphi, the other at Pharsalos, both presumably by Lysippos. Preuner also thinks that a third statue may have stood in Olympia.
15. Cheimon, of Argos.2485 In mentioning the statue of Cheimon at Olympia by the sculptor Naukydes of Argos, Pausanias, in the same passage (VI, 9.3), records another which once stood in Argos, but was later removed to the temple of Peace in Rome.2486
16. Leon, son of Antikleidas (or Antalkidas), of Sparta.2487 A fragment of Polemon2488 mentions a statue of this victor. It may have stood in Olympia, as Foerster without good grounds assumes, or it may have stood elsewhere.
17. Eubotas (Eubatas or Eubatos), of Kyrene.2489 Besides his statue at Olympia recorded by Pausanias (VI, 8.3), we learn of another set up at Kyrene by the victor’s wife for his devotion.2490
18. Promachos, son of Dryon, of Pellene in Achaia.2491 Pausanias not only mentions a bronze statue of this victor at Olympia (VI, 8.5–6), but also records one of stone dedicated likewise by his townsmen in the Old Gymnasion of Pellene (VII, 27.5).
Of the fifth or fourth centuries B. C.:
19. An unknown victor, of Argos or (?) Tegea.2492 Aristotle mentions an inscription from a statue of an Olympic victor in two passages of his Rhetoric.2493 This epigram was repeated by Aristophanes of Byzantion,2494 who wrongly ascribed it to Simonides.2495 Where this statue stood can not be determined.
Of the fourth century B. C.:
20. Kyniska, daughter of Archidamos I, of Sparta.2496 Pausanias, before mentioning the monumental group at Olympia by Apellas of Megara, which consisted of the statues of Kyniska and her charioteer standing beside a huge bronze chariot and horses (VI. 1.6), and the small bronze chariot by the same sculptor, set up in her honor in the vestibule of the temple of Zeus (V, 12.5), records that there was a shrine in Sparta at Plane-tree Grove, near the youths’ exercise ground, erected to the heroine Kyniska (III, 15.1). This latter dedication, therefore, was not properly a victor monument, though Pausanias in the same book says that Kyniska was the first Greek woman to train horses and to win a prize at Olympia (III, 8.1).
21. Euryleonis, a victress of Sparta.2497 Pausanias says that she had a statue in her native city near the so-called Σκήνωμα, “Tent” (III, 17.6). Curtius has suggested that this may be the small building mentioned by Thukydides as the place where King Pausanias took refuge when pursued by the ephors.2498
22. Archias, son of Eukles, of Hybla.2499 An epigram in the Greek Anthology2500 speaks of a statue of this victor at Delphi.
23. [Phil]okrates, son of Antiphon, of Athens (deme of Krioa).2501 An inscribed base of the statue of this victor has been found in Athens.2502
24. An unknown victor. An inscribed base, found near the Portico of Attalos in Athens, records the victories of an unknown athlete at several games, including one in the παγκράτιον ἀνδρῶν at Olympia.2503
25. Phorystas, son of Thriax (or Triax), of (?) Tanagra.2504 The inscribed base of the statue of this victor, giving Kaphisias of Bœotia as the sculptor, has been discovered in the ruins of Tanagra.2505 His brother Pammachos won παγκράτιον παίδων at Nemea, and had a statue at Thebes, the work of Teisikrates, the inscribed base of which has been recovered.2506
Of the fourth or third centuries B. C.:
26. Aristophon, son of Lysinos, of Athens.2507 Besides his statue at Olympia, set up at the cost of the people of Athens, mentioned by Pausanias (VI, 13.11; cf. VI, 14.1), we have the inscription from the base of another which was set up on the Athenian Akropolis.2508
27. Attalos, father of King Attalos I,2509 of Pergamon.2510 The inscribed base of his great victor monument, erected by Epigonos, has been dis- covered at Pergamon.2511
Of the second century B. C.: none.
Of the first century B. C.: none.
Of the first century A. D.:
28. Xenodamos, of Antikyra in Phokis.2512 Pausanias mentions a bronze statue of this victor in the Old Gymnasion at Antikyra (X, 36.9). G. Hirschfeld2513 had objected to the statement of Pausanias, in the passage cited, “that this was the only Olympiad omitted in the Elean register,” because of its inconsistency with other passages which state that in the 8th Olympiad,2514 in the 34th,2515 and in the 104th,2516 the games were celebrated by intruders, and not by the Eleans, and hence these Olympiads were regarded as invalid and were not entered in the Elean registers. However, as Frazer points out,2517 the case with Ol. 211 was different. It was doubtless celebrated by the Eleans themselves and its validity was not questioned, but either it was never entered in the register, or, if entered, was later struck out. Africanus (cf. Philostratos)2518 says that the celebration of this Olympiad, which should have fallen 65 A. D., was deferred two years to favor Nero, who in 67 A. D. received prizes in six events, including the ten-horse chariot-race.2519 The Eleans, later being ashamed of thus favoring the tyrant, probably removed Ol. 211 from the register after his death. It may be that for the same reason statues of victors of that Olympiad were not set up in the Altis, which would explain why that of Xenodamos was set up in his native city, where Pausanias saw it. Not finding his name in the Elean register, Pausanias would reason that this victory fell in the disgraced Ol. 211.2520
28a. Titos Phlabios Artemidoros, son of Artemidoros, of Adana in Kilikia.2521 The inscribed marble tablet from the base of the statue which this victor erected in Naples in honor of his father Artemidoros, son of Athenodoros, is preserved. It contains a list of his own many victories in παγκράτιον and πάλη in games held in Greece, Italy, Asia Minor, and Egypt. Though the statue was erected to his father, the long inscription shows that it was intended quite as much to celebrate his own athletic prowess.2522
29. Titos Phlabios Metrobios, son of Demetrios, of Iasos, Karia.2523 The inscribed base of his statue has been found in Iasos.2524
30. Sarapion, of Alexandria, Egypt.2525 Pausanias mentions two statues of this victor, which stood on either side of the entrance to the Gymnasion in Elis known as the Maltho. He adds that they were erected by the Eleans in gratitude for the bestowal of corn in a time of famine (VI, 23.6). He is not to be confounded with other victors of the same name.2526
Of the second century A. D.:
31. Markos Aurelios Demetrios, of Alexandria, Egypt.2527 His son, M. Aurelios Asklepiades, dedicated a statue to him in Rome, the inscription from the base of which has been recovered.2528
32. Unknown victor, from Magnesia ad Sipylum, in Lydia.2529 His statue in Magnesia is known from the recovered inscribed base.2530
33. Kranaos or Granianos, of Sikyon.2531 Pausanias mentions a bronze statue of this victor as standing in the precincts of the temple of Asklepios, on the hill of Titane, near Sikyon (II, 11.8).
34. Titos Ailios Aurelios Apollonios, of Tarsos.2532 A statue of this victor stood in Athens, as we learn from its preserved inscribed base.2533
35. Mnasiboulos, of Elateia in Phokis.2534 His fellow citizens erected a bronze statue in honor of his repelling the robber horde of the Kostobokoi, who overran Greece in the days of Pausanias (X, 34.5). The statue stood in “Runner” street.
Of the third century A. D.:
36. Aurelios Toalios, of (?) Oinoanda, Lykia.2535 The inscribed base of the statue of this victor has been found in Oinoanda.2536
37. Aurelios Metrodoros, of Kyzikos.2537 The inscribed base of his statue was found in Kyzikos, and is now in Constantinople.2538
38. Valerios Eklektos, of Sinope.2539 Besides his monument at Olympia, which was erected immediately after 261 A. D.,2540 we know, from an inscription, of another statue dedicated to him in Athens some time between 253 and 257 A. D.2541
Of the fourth century A. D.:
39. Klaudios Rhouphos, also called Apollonios the Pisan, son of Klaudios Apollonios, of Smyrna.2542 We learn from an inscription found in the Baths of Titus in Rome that his statue stood in the council-chamber of the Guild of Athletes of Hercules at Rome.2543
40. Philoumenos, of Philadelphia, in Lydia.2544 The closing verse of an inscription belonging to the base of his statue is preserved in Panodoros.2545 Where the statue stood can not be determined.
Of unknown dates:
41. Ainetos, of (?) Amyklai.2546 Pausanias mentions the portrait statue of this victor at Amyklai (III, 18. 7). He says that he expired even while the crown was being placed on his head.
42. Nikokles, of Akriai in Lakonia.2547 Pausanias mentions a monument (μνῆμα) erected in his honor at Akriai, between the Gymnasion and the sea-wall (III, 22.5).
43. Aigistratos, son of Polykreon, of Lindos in Rhodes.2548 A statue of this victor was set up at Lindos, as we learn from the preserved inscription on its base found there.2549 He is called in the inscription the first Lindian victor at Olympia.
44. An unknown victor, of (?) Delphi.2550 The inscribed base of his statue, with remains of the dedication, was found many years ago at Delphi by Cockerell.2551
We have records of other monuments erected to victors, but it is not clear whether the victories recorded were won at Olympia or elsewhere. We list the following three doubtful cases, which have already been noted in earlier chapters:
1. Epicharinos. Pausanias mentions the statue Ἐπιχαρίνου ὁπλιτοδρομεῖν ἀσκήσαντος, by the sculptor Kritios, as standing upon the Athenian Akropolis (I, 23.9). The inscribed base of this monument was found in 1839, between the Propylaia and the Parthenon.2552 The inscription states that the statue was the joint work of Kritios (thus correcting the spelling Κριτίας of Pausanias) and Nesiotes. It was, therefore, a work of the first half of the fifth century B. C., the date of the sculptors of the Tyrannicides (Fig. 32). Ross added the word ὁπλιτοδρόμος after the name in the inscription. Michaelis,2553 however, has inserted the name of the victor’s father. Wilamowitz2554 went further and assumed that Polemon, from whom Pausanias derived the account, had already falsely restored the inscription and that the statue did not represent Epicharinos, but another victor. This theory has been rightly controverted by many scholars.2555 It is clear that Pausanias got his information from the monument, and not from the inscription.
2. Hermolykos, son of Euthoinos or Euthynos. Pausanias mentions the statue of the pancratiast Hermolykos as standing on the Akropolis at Athens (I, 23.10). This was probably Hermolykos the pancratiast, who is recorded by Herodotos as having distinguished himself at the battle of Mykale in 479 B. C., and as having been afterwards killed in battle at Kyrnos in Euboia and buried at Geraistos.2556 Some scholars have advocated the theory that the portrait statue here mentioned by Pausanias was none other than the statue which stood on the Akropolis on the base which was discovered in 1839, dedicated by Hermolykos, the son of Diitrephes, the work of the sculptor Kresilas,2557 and that the Periegete mistook the latter for the one mentioned by Herodotos.2558 However, Frazer finds this explanation “arbitrary and highly improbable,” and believes that the base in question supported the statue of Diitrephes, pierced with arrows, also mentioned by Pausanias (I, 23.3).2559 Kirchhoff distinguished not only the statue of Hermolykos mentioned by Pausanias and the dedication of Hermolykos revealed by the recovered base, but both of these from the statue of the wounded man mentioned by Pliny (H. N., XXXIV, 74). While J. Six assumed that Hermolykos, son of Diitrephes, dedicated the Kresilæan statue in honor of his grandfather Hermolykos, son of Euthoinos, and that Pausanias wrongly gathered from the inscribed base that the statue represented Diitrephes,2560 Furtwaengler believed that Diitrephes was the older warrior of the name, mentioned by Thukydides,2561 and that Pausanias, who knew nothing of him, wrongly connected his statue with the younger one of that name.2562
3. Isokrates, son of Theodoros, of Athens. The pseudo-Plutarch mentions a bronze statue of Isokrates, in the form of a παῖς κελητίζων, on the Athenian Akropolis.2563 As the orator was born in 436 B. C., his youthful victory among the horse-racers must have occurred about 420 B. C.
We have found, then, from the literary sources examined, that there are at least 44 Olympic victors, to whom a total of 47 monuments were erected outside Olympia.2564 These monuments were of various kinds—1 inscribed tablet, 1 Pindaric ode engrossed on a temple wall, 3 temples or shrines, 37 statues (one of them apparently iconic), bronze horses (? quadriga), and 4 dedications which are not further described. Thus the bulk of these monuments, as of those at Olympia, consisted of statues. Of the 29 monuments erected to 27 victors in the pre-Christian centuries, 3 were dedicated in the seventh,2565 4 in the sixth, 13 (to 11 victors) in the fifth, 1 in the fifth or fourth, 6 in the fourth,2566 1 in the fourth or third, and 1 in the third. There is no record of such a dedication in the second and first centuries B. C. Of the 14 monuments erected to 13 victors known to belong to the post-Christian centuries, 4 (to 3 victors) belong to the first, 5 to the second, 3 to the third and 2 to the fourth; 4 others were set up to 4 victors whose dates can not be determined. Of other monuments mentioned (though not included in our figures) 3 may or may not have been erected to Olympic victors. We find that the greatest number of dedications was made in the fifth century B. C., just as we found was the case in regard to those at Olympia.2567 Of these victors, 10 also had monuments at Olympia. The total number of Olympic victor monuments, therefore, at Olympia and elsewhere of which we have record, amounts to 302.2568
In conclusion, we shall briefly summarize the number and dates of the sculptors of Olympic victor monuments who are known to us from all sources.2569 Pausanias names 52 such sculptors, who made 102 of the 192 monuments listed by him. Of the 42 “honor” statues erected in the Altis to 35 men, Pausanias mentions only two sculptors, Lysippos, who also appears among the victor statuaries, and Mikon of Syracuse, who does not.2570 Pliny names 24, or nearly one-half of the athlete sculptors mentioned by Pausanias.2571 No new name of an artist appears either on the inscribed bases found at Olympia and referred to the monuments recorded by Pausanias, or on the 63 bases discovered there, which can not be so referred. Of the 52 sculptors known to us from Pausanias and inscriptions, the dates can be assigned definitely or approximately thus: of the seventh century B. C., none; of the sixth century B. C., second half, 2; end, 2; of the end of the sixth and beginning of the fifth centuries B. C., 1; of the fifth century B. C., first half, 9; middle, 4; second half, 3; end, 2; of the fourth century B. C., first half, 11; middle, 1; second half, 2; end, 3; of the end of the fourth and beginning of the third centuries B. C., 3; of the third century B. C., first half, 1; second half, 1; end, 2; of the end of the third and beginning of the second centuries B. C., 1; of the second century B. C., first half, 2. No sculptor is named who lived certainly later than the second century B. C. In addition to these results, 1 sculptor can be assigned only roughly to the period subsequent to Alexander the Great, and the epoch of still another can not be determined. Of the 37 statues listed above as erected to Olympic victors outside Olympia—i. e.>, the major portion of the whole number of 47 monuments of various sorts set up in honor of 44 victors—the names of only four artists are known. Three of these—Myron, Pythagoras of Rhegion, and Lysippos—also worked at Olympia. The name, therefore, of only one new sculptor, Kaphisias of Bœotia, who lived in the fourth century B. C., can be added from this source, which makes the grand total of victor statuaries known to us 53.