152 The principal collections of Japanese paintings in America are the Fenollosa collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and that of Mr. Charles L. Freer, of Detroit. A few fine works are owned by Mr. Henry O. Havemeyer, Mr. Howard Mansfield, and Mr. C. D. Weldon, of New York; Mr. Denman Ross, Mr. Quincy A. Shaw, and Mrs. John Gardner, of Boston; Mr. Charles J. Morse, of Uniontown, Pa.; and Mr. Frederick W. Gookin, of Chicago. In England the most notable collections are those of the British Museum and Mr. Arthur Morrison, of Loughton. There are also a number of private collections in France and Germany.
153 A large portion of this chapter is reprinted, by permission, from “The Standard,” Chicago.
154 “Shintō signifies character in the highest sense,—courage, courtesy, honor, and, above all things, loyalty. The spirit of Shintō is the spirit of filial piety [Lat. pietas], the zest of duty, the readiness to surrender life for a principle.... It is the docility of the child; it is the sweetness of the Japanese woman.... It is religion—but religion transmuted into hereditary moral impulse—religion transmuted into ethical instinct. It is the whole emotional life of the race,—the Soul of Japan.”—Hearn.
155 “Shintō is the Japanese conception of the cosmos. It is a combination of the worship of nature and of their own ancestors.... To the Japanese eye, the universe itself took on the paternal look. Awe of their parents, which these people could comprehend, lent explanation to dread of nature, which they could not. Quite cogently, to their minds, the thunder and the typhoon, the sunshine and the earthquake, were the work not only of anthropomorphic beings, but of beings ancestrally related to themselves. In short, Shintō ... is simply the patriarchal principle projected without perspective into the past, dilating with distance into deity.”
“Shintō is so Japanese it will not down. It is the faith of these people’s birthright, not of their adoption. Its folk-lore is what they learned at the knee of the race-mother, not what they were taught from abroad. Buddhist they are by virtue of belief; Shintō by virtue of being.”—Lowell, “The Soul of the Far East.”
156 The earliest sacred book. The ancient records.
157 See Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, vols. xiv. and xvii., papers on “Shinshiu” by Troup.
158 “Things Japanese.”
159 “The Religions of Japan.”
160 “Emotionally its tenets do not at bottom satisfy us Occidentals, flirt with them as we may. Passivity is not our passion, preach it as we are prone to do each to his neighbor. Scientifically, pessimism is foolishness, and impersonality a stage in development from which we are emerging, not one into which we shall ever relapse. As a dogma it is unfortunate, doing its devotee in the deeper sense no good, but it becomes positively faulty when it leads to practical ignoring of the mine and thine, and does other people harm.”—Lowell.
161 See papers in vol. xxix., Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, by Lloyd and Greene.
162 See Cary’s article in “Andover Review,” June, 1889.
163 See Greene’s paper in vol. xxiii., Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan.
164 See Lowell’s “Soul of the Far East,” pp. 168, 169.
165 “The wicked sect called Christian is strictly prohibited. Suspected persons are to be reported to the respective officials, and rewards will be given” (1868).
166 See also Murray’s “Story of Japan,” pp. 172-179, 240-268.
167 See Uchimura’s “Diary of a Japanese Convert.”
168 There is now a “Japan Tract Society.”
169 It is unfortunate that there are any missionaries, with more zeal than knowledge, who seem to forget those wise words of Paul, the courageous, but tactful, and therefore successful, preacher, in 1 Corinthians ix. 22. But most of the missionaries, or the best of them, always bear in mind Christ’s own instructions in Matthew x. 16.
170 It is no small matter for encouragement to Christian workers in Japan that it is now possible to find among Japanese Christians three generations of believers; so that the words of Paul in 2 Timothy i. 5 may be applied here: “Having been reminded of the unfeigned faith that is in thee; which dwelt first in thy grandmother Lois and thy mother Eunice.” The future of Christianity in Japan is insured when it begins to be inherited.
171 See “An American Missionary in Japan,” pp. 259-262.
172 There are said to be 17,530 women employed in the factories and workshops of Tōkyō alone.
173 “Conflict of Christianity with Heathenism.”
174 See “Heroic Japan” (Eastlake and Yamada).
175 Mr. K. Takahashi, President of the Bank of Japan.
176 Rear-Admiral Kimotsuki in the “Taiyō” (Sun). See also chap. xiii. of “Japan in Transition” (Ransome).
177 Editorial in the “Taiyō” (Sun).
178 Formerly of the Dōshisha. From the “Taiyō.”
179 Osaka Merchant Steamship Company.
180 “The Political and Commercial Reasons for the Study of Chinese.”
181 “Chinese Recorder.”
182 Japan exports chiefly matches, lamps, and coal, and imports principally rice and cotton-seed.
183 Uchimura’s “Japan and the Japanese.”
184 “Life of Sir Harry Parkes.”
185 Pages 299-300.
186 Baron Kaneko at Harvard University.
187 Captain Brinkley in “The Outlook.”
188 Captain Brinkley.
189 Official.
190 The following is the authorized English text of the Protocol, signed at Seoul, on February 23, 1904:—
Mr. Hayashi, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and Major-General Yi Tchi Yong, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs ad interim of His Majesty the Emperor of Korea, being respectively duly empowered for the purpose, have agreed upon the following Articles:—
Article I.—For the purpose of maintaining a permanent and solid friendship between Japan and Korea and firmly establishing peace in the Far East, the Imperial Government of Korea shall place full confidence in the Imperial Government of Japan and adopt the advice of the latter in regard to improvements in administration.
Article II.—The Imperial Government of Japan shall in a spirit of firm friendship insure the safety and repose of the Imperial House of Korea.
Article III.—The Imperial Government of Japan definitively guarantees the independence and territorial integrity of the Korean Empire.
Article IV.—In case the welfare of the Imperial House of Korea or the territorial integrity of Korea is endangered by aggression of a third Power or internal disturbances, the Imperial Government of Japan shall immediately take such necessary measures as the circumstances require, and in such cases the Imperial Government of Korea shall give full facilities to promote the action of the Imperial Japanese Government.
The Imperial Government of Japan may, for the attainment of the above-mentioned object, occupy, when the circumstances require it, such places as may be necessary from strategical points of view.
Article V.—The Governments of the two countries shall not in future, without mutual consent, conclude with a third Power such an arrangement as may be contrary to the principle of the present Protocol.
Article VI.—Details in connection with the present Protocol shall be arranged as the circumstances may require, between the Representative of Japan and the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of Korea.
191 See Chapter XXI.
192 Pages 14 and 301.
193 Certainly the Japanese enjoy more social freedom and political privileges than the subjects of the Czar. Intellectual liberty is not repressed in Japan as in Russia, and freedom of assembly and of the press is permitted in Japan, but not in Russia. The administration of law and justice in Japan is by far more humane than in Russia with its Siberian horrors. Again, strongest of all, nominally non-Christian Japan grants religious liberty, while nominally Christian Russia cruelly persecutes Jews and Stundists. In fact, in what constitutes true greatness, Japan is superior to Russia.
194 It had established a record by holding office for four and one-half years, the longest period of any Ministry since the establishment of constitutional government.
195 For text, see end of Appendix.
196 The word “Meiji” means “Enlightened Rule.”
197 From Chamberlain’s “Things Japanese.”
198 From “Japan and America.”
199 From the “Japan Mail.”
200 From a Report by U. S. Consul-General Bellows, Yokohama.
201 From the “Japan Times.”
202 The first figures in each group represent the end of 1896, and the second figures the end of 1900.
The grand total of operatives had increased in 1909 to 692,221—240,864 males and 451,357 females.
203 From a Report by U. S. Consul Lyon, Kōbe.
204 From “Japan and America,” by Walter J. Ballard. This account, with a few changes, is retained because of the impressive witness it bears to the progress of Japan. (Ed.)
205 With board.
206 From the “Japan Times,” revised.
207 From the “Japan Mail.”
208 In 1910, it was over 14,000,000 yen.
209 From the “Japan Mail.”
210 From official sources.
211 Beginning 660 B. C.
212 Northern Dynasty.
213 Southern Dynasty.
214 Empresses in Italics. Bracketed names (Nos. 15 and 99) are omitted from some lists.
215 Go is a prefix signifying the second of the name.
216 From summary of “A Brief Sketch of the History of the Political Parties in Japan,” by A. H. Lay, in the “Japan Mail.”
217 Professor Griffin, in discussion of Mr. Lay’s paper.
218 From the “Japan Times.”
219 From “The Real Triumph of Japan” (Seaman).
220 From the “Japan Mail.”
221 In 1910, it was more than 600,000 tons.
222 In 1908, it was more than 47,000 men.
223 From the “Japan Times.”
224 In 1910, it was more than 1,600,000 tons.
225 See also Elgar’s paper on “Japanese Shipping” in the Transactions Japan Society, London.
226 From the “Japan Times.”
227 From 28th Annual Report of the Minister of State for Education.
228 Condensed from “The Chautauquan,” April, 1902.
229 From the “Japan Mail” and the “Japan Times.”
230 Later statistics give respectively 83,638—66,689—32,246.
231 From the “Kōbe Herald.”
232 From the “Japan Mail.”
233 Completed in 1908.
234 U.S. Consul Davidson.
235 For details concerning what the Japanese have accomplished in Formosa, see Takekoshi’s “Japanese Rule in Formosa.”