Schedules were sent to thirty-eight stations, lighthouses and light-vessels, on the East Coast of England, and returns have been received from twenty-six.

Independent reports have been received from Malmo, Sweden; Stevns Fyr (lighthouse of Stevns), Zealand; and from Heligoland. Also from several land stations on the East Coast, namely Northumberland coast, Seaton-Carew, Redcar, Flamborough, Spurn, Great Cotes (Lincolnshire), Blakeney and Cley, Wells and Cromer (Norfolk), Yarmouth and the Isle of Thanet; altogether thirty-seven reporting stations against thirty-five in 1883. The total number of schedules sent in is seventy, a considerable increase on previous years, and the labour of arranging, tabulating and reporting thereon has been considerably increased.

The schedules received from the light-keepers are very satisfactory; they register an immense amount of special information relating to the passage of migrants in the spring and autumn of 1884; the entries are so numerous, and the mass of materials so large, that it is impossible to give more than the general results of the collected observations.

The notes from land stations, courteously placed at our disposal by independent observers, many of whom are practical ornithologists of long standing and repute, add greatly to the value of the report, and go far to establish the approximate correctness of the details as given in the separate remarks on each species.

Our thanks are due to Frank K. Newton, Professor H. Lütken, H. Gätke, T. H. Nelson, C. Donald Thompson, Matthew Bailey, W. Eagle Clarke, the Rev. H. H. Slater, Philip Lawton, J. H. Gurney, J. F. D. Power, M. Vaughan, and Lord Clifton, for kind co-operation and assistance, either in direct communication or by access to their unpublished field notes, some of which will probably subsequently appear in the Journals and Proceedings of various Natural History Societies.

The greatest number of schedules received from any one station are nine from Mr. Thomas H. Cutting of the Inner Farn Lighthouse, and four from Mr. Owen Boyle of the Languard Lighthouse.

The east coast stations included in this report are as follows, those making returns being marked with a star (*):—

SEPARATE NOTES ON EACH SPECIES.

Turdus viscivorus, Mistletoe Thrush.—Great Cotes, Sept. 23rd, great many young on passage. Redcar, Oct. 4th, 8 a.m. [N.W. 5], flocks coming in. Longstone L.H., Nov. 12th, a few; Dec. 9th, a few; and Jan. 4th, 1855, some. Heligoland, Oct. 7th, one; Nov. 22nd, several along with Blackbirds, Fieldfares, and Ring Ouzels, wind W., strong, with snow squalls.

T. musicus, Song Thrush.—Spring, 1884: Farn, L.H., March 6th to May 1st, Thrushes at intervals. Coquet L.H., March 20th, all day. Autumn: Aug. 21st, Spurn, already on the move up the coast; sparingly at coast stations in September, but large numbers throughout October. A rush on to coast from the Farn Islands to Yarmouth between the 18th and 24th of Oct., and again from Nov. 4th to 12th. Great Cotes, Nov. 22nd, a rush. Many also came in at Whitby on Jan. 10th, 1885. Heligoland, Sept. 18th, first, and a few through the month; throughout October, but in less number from the 22nd to 30th, and on to Nov. 10th; great many 22nd and 28th, and a few at intervals to Dec. 24th.

T. iliacus, Redwing.—Spring, 1884: Longstone L.H., March 14th, S. misty, several round lantern. Autumn: Spurn, a few in the last fortnight in September. Isle of Thanet, Sept. 30th, first. Between the Farn Islands and Hasborough L.V. at various stations from Oct. 1st to Nov. 15th; rushes on Oct. 21st to 24th, wind S. and S.W., and Nov. 12th, 13th and 15th. Heligoland, Oct. 7th to 18th; 19th, early, flights of hundreds; 22nd and 23rd, great numbers; last on Nov. 16th.

T. pilaris, Fieldfare.—Spring, 1884: Last at the Spurn, twenty on May 9th. Autumn: The first at Farn L.H. Oct. 15th, and between this date to Jan. 10th, 1885, at intervals at stations covering the whole east coast. In fact, since the middle of October to the second week in the new year, Fieldfares, Red-wings, Thrushes and Blackbirds, have been coming in at intervals, young birds first, and the old later in the year. Unusually large flights of Fieldfares are recorded at inland stations in December and January. Heligoland, Oct. 14th, first; 19th, early, flights of hundreds; 29th, great many, also caught at night at lighthouse; Nov. 22nd and 28th, great many; also Dec. 1st, 24th, and 30th (S.W. still overcast), on the latter day very large numbers.

T. varius, White Thrush.—Heligoland, Oct. 3rd, one caught; 23rd, one seen (certain).

T. migratorius, Red-breasted Thrush.—Heligoland, Oct. 14th, N.W., windy and rain, one seen in cliff, quite close.

T. merula, Blackbird.—Spring, 1884: At the Northumberland stations from March 14th to 20th, many, wind W. and S.W. Orfordness L.H., May 18th, 6 p.m., three struck. Autumn: Great Cotes, Sept. 12th, some young cocks. At numerous stations between the Farn Islands and Hanois L.H., Guernsey, in October, and marvellous numbers in November with the like lateral range; Nov. 11th, 12th, and 13th, an almost continuous rush night and day, with S.E. winds and a low pressure area in Western Europe.[28] Great Cotes, Nov. 26th, first old cocks with yellow bills. Hasborough L.V., Jan. 19th and 20th, 1885, easterly winds, Blackbirds all night. Farn L.H., Jan. 6th to 19th, several on island. Longstone L.H., Jan. 4th, N., rain, passing to land. Migration much in excess of previous reports. Heligoland, first, Oct. 11th, and at intervals to Nov. 5th, up to which date no old cock had been seen; last on Nov. 10th and 12th. The migration of this species at Heligoland is very light compared with the English coast.

T. torquatus, Ring Ouzel.—Spring, 1884: Farn Islands, March 23rd to 29th, a few. Autumn: first seen, Sept. 9th, Spurn, some. Redcar, Oct. 24th to 26th, a few. Longstone L.H., Nov. 12th, rush. Migration considerably under average. Heligoland, Sept. 16th, some; 17th, sprinkling; 19th, pretty numerous; Oct. 11th, first old birds; last observed, Nov. 22nd.

Saxicola œnanthe, Wheatear.—Spring, 1884: March 19th, Farn L.H., first. Hanois L.H., Guernsey, 28th and 30th, midnight, many round lantern; April 7th, many during morning in two's and three's, to W.; 18th and 21st, the same. Farn Islands and Teesmouth, May 3rd to 17th, many going S.E. to N.W. Autumn: Farn L.H., between August 6th first, to Redcar, Oct. 26th last, great migration along the coast between these dates, from north to south, both of home birds and others which had crossed the North Sea. Spurn, Sept. 13th, "rush," many all day; last Wheatear seen in Great Cotes marshes, near the Humber, on November 7th. Heligoland, August 1st and 3rd, a few; 5th, twenty or so, and then a considerable migration to the 22nd, when the movement for the time ceased, commencing again on the 27th, and was continued through September to the 19th; the first old birds on October 3rd, and again some young on the 12th, when the passage appears to have ceased. Immense numbers covered the island on the 12th of Sept. and three following days, wind E.S.E., clear and fine.

S. stapazina, Black-throated Wheatear.—Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, one, probable, not obtained.

Pratincola rubetra, Whinchat.—No English notes. Heligoland, August 15th, some on cliff; 17th, great numbers; 18th and 19th, the same, and on to the end of the month, through September to the 18th, when the migration ceased; astounding numbers with others on the 14th and 15th Sept.

P. rubicola, Stonechat.—Spurn, August 29th, considerable immigration of young birds; Sept. 26th, many old. In North-east Lincolnshire we have had a sprinkling of old birds about the sheep-folds in turnip fields all through the winter.

Ruticilla phœnicurus, Redstart.—Spring: Farn Islands, April 7th, one; 29th, S.E., many. Malmo, Sweden, May 5th, two or three in garden. Autumn: Spurn, Aug. 25th, first, to Thanet, Oct. 5th, last on passage up coast; rushes on Sept. 4th, 11th, 12th, and 17th. Heligoland, August 11th, first, young birds; enormous passage on 20th and 21st, easterly, hot and fine; through September, and an astounding rush from the 12th to the 15th; last, Oct. 1st and 2nd.

R. titys, Black Redstart.—One, as reported by Mr. Gurney, shot at Blakeney, about the middle of October, by Mr. Seebohm. Heligoland, Oct. 23rd, some; 25th, less. Three to four weeks later in migration than Common Redstart.

Cyanecula suecica, Arctic Bluethroat.—Cley and Blakeney (as observed by Mr. F. D. Power), September 8th, W.N.W., one; 11th, E. to N.N.E., one shot showing red spot fairly well; 12th, E. to N., eighty to one hundred, also many Redstarts,—examples obtained were immature, and in the proportion of six males to one female; 13th, E.N.E., about four dozen left on banks; 15th, E., eight or ten; 16th, S.E., and later N.E., four or five. Spurn, Sept. 15th, two seen, one shot; 18th, three shot and others seen. Isle of Thanet, Sept. 15th, two seen on some arable land by Lord Clifton. Heligoland, Aug. 31st, some young; Sept. 1st and 3rd, pretty numerous; 9th and 10th, very many; 11th and 12th, very great numbers, and less to 18th; 19th and 20th, many. It is interesting to compare these dates with the arrival on the English coast.

Erithacus rubecula, Redbreast.—Spring: Farn Islands, March 11th, several. Longstone L.H., April 28th, E.N.E., two. Autumn: At several stations between the Farns and mouth of Thames; first at Shipwash L.V. August 14th, large numbers at noon to W.; the last at Hasborough L.V., Nov. 12th, one at night on deck. Heligoland, Sept. 19th, a few; 21st, great many, and on to the end of month, and at intervals through October to November 12th, rush, if any, Oct. 12th. Migration appears to have ceased at the same date both on English coast and at Heligoland.

Sylvia cinerea, Whitethroat.—Heligoland, Aug. 19th, young, the first, very red; 21st and 23rd, a few; Sept. 11th, some.

S. atricapilla, Blackcap.—Spring: Farn L.H. April 29th, several. Autumn: Thanet, Sept. 3rd to 5th. Heligoland, Oct. 12th, a few.

S. hortensis, Garden Warbler.—Spring: Malmo, Sweden, May 14th. Autumn: Thanet, Sept, 3rd to 13th. Spurn L.H., 17th, S.E., one struck and killed, several seen on following day; many Redstarts, Pied Flycatchers, and Bluethroats, also arriving on night of 17th. Heligoland, Aug. 27th, a few (no curruca); Sept. 1st and 9th.

S. nisoria, Barred Warbler.—Spurn, Aug. 28th, one, a female of the year, obtained by Mr. Slater (See 'Zoologist, 1884, p. 489). Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 4th, N.E., one, which was also an immature female, shot by Mr. F. D. Power.[29]

Regulus cristatus, Goldcrest.—Spring: One recorded from Spurn, Coquet, and Farn Islands, last fortnight in March, and at the Longstone L.H., one on April 28th. Autumn: First at Redcar, August 28th, and last at Great Cotes, early morning of Nov. 22nd, N.E., blowing strong on previous night; the migration covering eighty-seven days, and extending over the whole coast between the Farn Islands and Hanois L.H., Guernsey. Bushes took place on August 14th, Sept. 27th to 30th, Oct. 21st to 22nd, and Nov. 16th. At Hanois L.H., Sept. 30th, from 2 a.m., the windows of the lantern were crowded with Goldcrests. On Oct. 21st and 22nd, great numbers each night round the lanterns of Dudgeon and Leman and Ower L.V.'s, wind S.S.E., and on Nov. 16th many during night round the lantern of Hanois L.H. Malmo, Sweden, Sept. 22nd, in flocks, but only remained one day. Heligoland, Oct. 3rd, great many; 8th, many during afternoon, and at intervals to 25th; greatest number on 12th and 25th Oct.; migration very small compared with the English coast. Great Cotes, March 8th, 1885, Goldcrests on return migration to coast.

R. ignicapillus, Firecrest.—Heligoland, Oct. 25th, some.

Phylloscopus rufus, Chiffchaff.—The earliest spring occurrence is Haileybury College, March 17th, four Chiffchaffs and two Willow Wrens. Autumn: Spurn, August 25th, two. Heligoland, Sept. 15th, commencing, and a few at intervals to Oct. 25th.

P. trochilus, Willow Wren.—Isle of Thanet, July 31st, on autumn passage. Spurn, August 20th to Sept. 10th, constantly in small numbers, working southward up the coast. Heligoland, Aug. 4th, young pretty numerous, and at intervals to Sept. 18th; rushes August 17th and 21st; Sept. 10th to 15th, very great numbers.

P. sibilatrix, Wood Wren.—Thanet, Aug. 5th to 30th, on passage.

Hypolais icterina, Icterine Warbler.—Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 11th, E. to N.N.E., one obtained by Mr. F. D. Power. Heligoland, Aug. 18th, S.E., with Pied Flycatchers and Whinchats, numbers.

Acrocephalus phragmitis, Sedge Warbler.—Spurn L.H., Aug. 21st, three struck and two killed at midnight; from Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th is noted, by Mr. Slater, as the commonest of the Warblers there, found amongst Scirpus maritimus and in every ditch. Heligoland, Aug. 11th, some.

Locustella nævia, Grasshopper Warbler.—Heligoland, Sept. 10th, S.E., slight, a few, with a crowd of Pied Flycatchers, Willow Wrens, Redstarts, Bluethroats, Ortolan Buntings, Blue-headed Yellow Wagtails, Tree and Meadow Pipits, Wheatears, and Whinchats.

Accentor modularis, Hedgesparrow.—Spurn, Aug. 20th, and through September abundant at intervals. Tees L.V., 21st, two, with a Linnet, Redbreast and Titlark on board, leaving to N.W. at 7 a.m. Spurn and Great Cotes, 23rd to 26th, swarming. Heligoland, Sept. 18th, some, the first; 21st and 30th, pretty numerous; at intervals in October to 24th.

Acredula rosea, British Long-tailed Titmouse.—Thanet, Oct. 15th, "one flock, the only one seen this autumn." Redcar, Oct. 22nd, 6.30 a.m., flock of twenty to S.W.

Parus major and cæruleus, Great Titmouse and Blue Titmouse.—Great Cotes, Sept. 15th and 18th, both very plentiful. Redcar, Nov. 15th, S.E., moderate, a few Blue Tits. None over Heligoland this autumn, which is somewhat remarkable; the same applies to Parus ater.

Troglodytes parvulus, Wren.—Spring: Farn Islands, through March to April 3rd, several. Spurn, 27th, 6 p.m., two. Outer Dowsing L.V., May 12th, four on board. Autumn: Shipwash L.V., Aug. 14th, large numbers, with Redstarts, at noon to W.N.W. Flamborough L.H., Aug. 19th, 11.30 p.m., Wrens and Wheatears, six or eight struck. Some observed at Spurn, Outer Dowsing, Hasbro', and Shipwash, L.VS., in September. Are last recorded at Hanois L.V., Oct. 24th, 1 a.m., S.S.E., Wrens round lantern; and a single bird on the 26th at the Cockle L.V. Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, pretty numerous; 3rd, great many; 7th, less; 8th, in afternoon, many; 21st, some; 25th, great many.

Motacilla alba, White Wagtail.—Heligoland, Aug. 23rd, pretty many young; Sept. 30th, some; Oct. 3rd, old birds.

M. lugubris, Pied Wagtail.—Spring: Farn L.H., March 8th, a pair. Whitby L.H., 16th, the first seen, at daylight. Tees L.V., 24th, four to N.W. Coquet L.H., April 6th, a pair. Autumn: Spurn, Sept. 1st, flock of about sixty. Heligoland, Oct. 16th, one.

M. melanope, Grey Wagtail.—Thanet, Aug. 29th, first seen. Spurn, a few during September. Great Cotes, Sept. 11th, young birds swarming in bean-fields;[30] 27th, some. October, old birds very plentiful.

M. flava, Blue-headed Yellow Wagtail.—Thanet, Aug. 16th, 5 p.m., one. Heligoland, Aug. 21st, a few for some days past, and at intervals to the end of the month; immense numbers between the 10th and 15th of September; 16th to 18th, less; and afterwards still less up to the 30th.

Anthus pratensis, Meadow Pipit.—Spring: Farn L.H., April 2nd, 10 a.m. to noon, S.S.E., flocks going west. Autumn: Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 17th, great arrival. Spurn and North-east Lincolnshire, 23rd to 26th, immense numbers, turnip and potato fields crowded. Farn L.H., Dec. 14th, large flock to S.W. Heligoland, Sept. 4th, hundreds of thousands, all in great haste, the rest of the month a great many each day; very large number in October, from the 1st to the 12th, and then less up to the 25th; the last on Nov. 16th.

A. cervinus, Red-throated Pipit.—Heligoland, Sept. 15th, two or three seen and heard by C. Aückens, the Heligoland birdstuffer; 16th, one shot; 18th, one shot, a young bird, another heard; 19th, two shot, more seen; 20th, three seen; Sept. 30th and Oct. 1st and 12th, one each day.

A. trivialis, Tree Pipit.—Spurn, Aug. 20th to Sept. 10th, common. Thanet, Sept. 3rd to 14th. Heligoland, Aug. 16th, a few, the first, and at intervals to end of month; from Sept. 4th to 14th, very great numbers; particularly on the 12th, 13th, and 14th, enormous numbers passing, then in less numbers to the end of the month; Oct. 1st and 2nd, still a few.

A. campestris, Tawny Pipit.—Heligoland, Sept. 4th, E.S.E., strong, one, came with the great rush of A. pratensis and trivialis.

A. richardi, Richard's Pipit.—Heligoland, Sept. 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 25th, Oct. 3rd and 6th, one each day; Oct. 12th, two.

A. obscurus, Rock Pipit.—Spurn, Sept. 27th, in pairs, passing southward. Cley, Norfolk, October, 3rd week, about 400 seen by Mr. Gurney. Yarmouth, November, last week, great many, eighteen caught alive in clap-nets. The main body pass south up the coast during the last fortnight in October. Heligoland, A. rupestris (Nilsson), Sept. 9th, a few; Oct. 9th to 14th, and last on 19th; greatest numbers on Oct. 11th, 12th, and 19th.

Lanius excubitor, Great Grey Shrike.—Spurn, Oct. 8th and Nov. 30th, one each day. Near Brigg, Lincolnshire, Oct. 18th, one. Thanet, Nov. 20th, 3.30 p.m., N.W., wet and windy, one. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, one; 15th, three; 22nd, one. Cromer, March 23rd, 1885, one shot, close by was a Hedgesparrow it had suspended (J. H. G.).

L. major, Pallas's Great Grey Shrike.—Heligoland, Sept. 17th, one; 30th, two; Oct. 11th, one; 12th, one; 16th, one, very fine example; 22nd, ten or twelve, six caught; Nov. 4th, one.

L. collurio, Red-backed Shrike.—Heligoland, Aug. 23rd, a few young birds; one, an immature bird, shot in Holderness on Aug. 19th.

Muscicapa grisola, Spotted Flycatcher.—Numerous entries in the schedules of "Flycatchers," a general name for all the small insect-feeders; it is impossible to pick out those which refer to this species exclusively. Heligoland, Aug. 21st, some, the first, and sparingly in September to the 17th.

M. atricapilla, Pied Flycatcher.—Spring: Malmo, Sweden, May 6th, two. Autumn: Thanet, Aug. 10th, first; Sept. 10th, swarmed; 30th, last seen. Spurn, Sept. 4th, first. Cley, Norfolk, the same date, one shot, another seen. Great Cotes, Sept. 13th E., first seen. Spurn, 17th, great many. Heligoland, Aug. 10th, some, the first; 11th, 12th, 13th, and 17th, pretty numerous; and an enormous rush, 18th to 21st; again, from the 10th to the 15th of September, in marvellous numbers; less to 18th, when migration ceased.

Hirundo rustica, Swallow.—Spring: Hanois L.H., April 7th, two, Flamborough and Whitby on the 8th, and Farn Islands on the 9th, a gradual movement north, at the rate of 150 English miles a day. Malmo, Sweden, first, on April 21st. Great numbers were observed at Hanois L.H., passing north up to May 11th; and at the Tees L.V., on the 8th, 9th, 11th, and 17th of May, large numbers all day from S.E. to N.W. Languard L.H., June 21st, a flock too numerous to count. Autumn: Tees L.V., July 1st, six, at 9.30 p.m., came on board and remained all night. From the middle of August and throughout September Swallows were passing south up the coast in parties of five to fifteen, and at Spurn, on Sept. 26th, 27th, 28th, continuous each day by two's and three's. In North-east Lincolnshire, some on Nov. 3rd. The last reported is from the Farn Islands, a single bird, on Nov. 8th. Heligoland, Sept. 4th, astounding numbers.

Chelidon urbica, Martin.—Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., May 12th, four to W. Languard L.H., July 16th, all day, far too numerous to count. Heligoland, Sept. 3rd, 10 p.m., great many; 4th, astounding numbers.

Cotile riparia, Sand Martin.—Spring: Malmo, Sweden, May 14th, first. Autumn: Spurn, Aug. 25th, one; 26th, three; 27th, hundreds, after this in less numbers to Sept. 3rd; 26th, 27th, and 28th, still a few, with Swallows, each day to the south. Heligoland, October 1st, in great haste passing on.

Carduelis elegans, Goldfinch.—Orfordness L.H., Jan. 12th, 1885, flock of fifteen to twenty, one caught. Heligoland, Nov. 28th, 29th, 30th, some, with the great rush of Greenfinches; Siskin (Chry. spinus), Nov. 1st, some.

Ligurinus chloris, Greenfinch.—Great Cotes, Oct. 7th, great many in flocks. Immense numbers crossed Heligoland between the 28th of November and 26th of December: "Enormous numbers all the month, more than ever seen before." The greatest flights, Nov. 28th to 30th and Dec. 20th to 26th. Unusually large numbers are recorded by Mr. J. H. Gurney ['Zoologist,' 1885, p. 150], about Norwich and also about Brighton in the winter of 1884-5.

Coccothraustes vulgaris, Hawfinch.—Inner Dowsing L.V., Oct. 22nd, 4 p.m., "one on board, and then to W." This is the third year in succession that this species has occurred at this station. In 1882, on Oct. 20th, two on board all night; and in 1883, on Nov. 2nd, one struck the lantern.

Passer domesticus, House Sparrow.—Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., April 9th, six on board. In the autumn great numbers are recorded at stations between the Tees L.V. and Hanois L.H., Guernsey, between Sept. 9th and Nov. 25th, the bulk crossing south of the Humber; rush, Oct. 14th and 15th, and on to the 19th. Shipwash L.V., Oct. 14th, large numbers to W.N.W. Kentish Knock L.V., 15th, all day, "hundreds on board, many dropping into the sea." Goodwin L.V., 15th, 21st, and 25th, shoals. Hanois L.V., 18th, 9 to 12 a.m., flocks, thirty to forty, to south; and many other notices too numerous to mention. Heligoland, Aug. 21st, a flight, the first; 22nd, the same; Sept. 30th, several great flights.

P. montanus, Tree Sparrow.—The migration covered the whole of the East coast, the bulk crossing south of the Humber. First recorded at Whitby L.H., Sept. 9th, immense flocks of both the Tree and Common Sparrow, and from this date up to Nov. 25th at the majority of the East coast stations, ten of them light-vessels. Rushes, Shipwash L.V., Oct. 15th, continuous all day. Leman and Ower L.V., Nov. 4th, 3 p.m., great numbers, E. to N.W., thirty coming on board. Great Cotes, 25th, flock of 500 to 600. Heligoland, Oct. 22nd, great many; Nov. 1st, smart migration.

Fringilla cœlebs, Chaffinch.—The migration is very extensive, and covers the whole of the East coast, the bulk, as in the two preceding cases, crossing south of the Humber. Through September and October immense numbers are recorded as crossing, the first flocks young of both sexes and old females; old cocks later. Rushes, Farn Islands, Oct. 16th. Orfordness L.H., 15th and 18th. Hasbro' L.V., 21st, all night. Farns and Hasbro' L.V., Nov. 2nd; also at Redcar, Nov. 20th, N.E., very stormy. Direction of flight W. to W.S.W. Heligoland, an immense migration at intervals, between Sept. 19th and Nov. 1st; great rushes, Sept. 29th, and Oct. 1st, 23rd, and 24th. On Feb. 22nd, 1885, very large flights in Great Cotes, marshes apparently composed entirely of the young of the previous year, the young cocks being in every stage of development to the mature summer plumage.

Fringilla montifringilla, Brambling.—Coast of Northumberland, Oct. 5th, first. Thanet, 20th, two; Nov. 11th, common; Dec. 3rd, first, in small flocks. Heligoland, Sept. 19th, a few, and at intervals to Nov. 30th; rushes on 23rd and 24th of Oct., S.E., clear; and Nov. 30th, southerly, with snow.

Linota cannabina, Linnet.—From Sept. 9th to the end of October in great numbers, far too numerous to separately record. The immense arrivals in the autumn appear to move gradually south up the coast, comparatively few lingering in North-east Lincolnshire after the completion of the stubble ploughing. Heligoland, Oct. 1st, some, and to Dec. 1st; rushes on Oct. 2nd, astounding numbers; 24th, very great many; and the three last days in November and first of December.

L. rufescens, Lesser Redpoll.—Heligoland, Nov. 22nd, one.

L. flavirostris, Twite.—Heligoland, Oct. 21st, flight, fifty to sixty; 23rd, pretty numerous; 24th and 30th, great many; Dec. 1st, many.

Carpodacus erythrinus, Rosy Bullfinch.—Heligoland, Sep. 9th, E.N.E., one, young.

Pyrrhula europæa, Bullfinch.—Spring: Tees L.V., March 15th, one to E.; April 3rd and 30th, one each night. Autumn: Same station, Oct. 8th, two; Nov. 25th, one.

Loxia curvirostra, Crossbill.—Heligoland, Aug. 16th, N., eleven.

Emberiza miliaria, Corn Bunting.—Heligoland, Oct. 25th, ten to twenty, "great many for this place;" Nov. 3rd, ten to fifteen. The Corn Bunting is always a very scarce migrant across Heligoland.

E. citrinella, Yellowhammer.—Heligoland, Oct. 12th, some; and a few at intervals to the 25th.

E. hortulana, Ortolan Bunting.—Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 12th, E. to N., one, an immature female, shot by Mr. F. D. Power. Heligoland, a very large migration, commencing August 16th, and continued to Sept. 19th; rushes on August 18th to 23rd and the 31st; Sept. 3rd, "a few fine old males"; 4th, great many, all in great haste, and on the 5th again old birds; Sept. 10th to 15th, enormous numbers, and then less to the 19th.

E. pusilla, Little Bunting.—Heligoland, Oct. 5th, N.E., fresh, two.

E. schœniclus, Reed Bunting.—On the Holderness, Lincolnshire and Norfolk coasts the arrival was very large in September and October; the migration commencing the first week in September. At Great Cotes, October 30th, still very numerous. Tees L.V., Oct. 15th, "three came on board, one remaining a week." Heligoland, Sept. 26th, "a few during last days;" Oct. 6th, some; 7th, many; 11th, very great many; 12th, astounding numbers; 14th, many; 15th, same; 21st to 25th, less; 30th, some. This very well represents the general order of migration at the island; first a few, then a rush for some days culminating in astounding numbers, after which there is a gradual falling away till the migration of that special species ceases altogether.

Calcarius lapponicus, Lapland Bunting.—Cley, Norfolk, Sept. 17th, N.E., one, a young male, obtained by Mr. F. D. Power. Great Cotes, Nov. 27th, one, a mature male ('Zoologist,' 1884, p. 484); Nov. 11th, one near Brighton, shown in the flesh to Mr. Gurney. Heligoland, Sept. 19th, a few; Oct. 3rd, a few; 7th, many; 12th and 16th, some.

Plectrophanes nivalis, Snow Bunting.—Spring: Farn L.H., March 11th, two on island; Longstone L.H., June 7th, one on rock. Autumn: Northumberland Coast, Sept. 15th, one shot; sparingly in October, at the more northern stations, and tolerably plentiful from Spurn to Yarmouth, in the latter half of November; rushes, Nov. 24th, 25th and 26th, into Humber district. Great Cotes, marshes, also at this date, Nov. 25th, sharp frost, Pink-footed Goose; great flights of Golden Plover, Snipe large numbers; immense flocks of Linnets, Greenfinches, Larks, Chaffinches and Tree Sparrows, fields covered; Nov. 26th, still sharp frost, scores of old male Blackbirds, fields swarming with small birds as before, with the addition of flights of newly-arrived Wood Pigeons, which appear a smaller race than our home-bred birds. All this time Snow Buntings, chiefly old birds. Tees L.V., Dec. 7th, 16th and 17th, large flocks to S.W. and N.W. Heligoland, Oct. 16th first; 29th, many; Nov. 5th, large flights; 29th, great many.

Sturnus vulgaris, Starling.—Spring: Spurn L.H., March 3rd, 3 a.m. to daybreak, misty, S.S.E., numbers round lantern. Outer Dowsing L.V., 16th, a flight; 17th, continuous noon to 5 p.m., going W.N.W. to E.S.E. Autumn: First at Whitby L.H. Sept. 2nd, great many for several days. Spurn, 20th, all day to S. Immense rushes in October more or less over the whole coast line, and during the latter half of the month almost continuous night and day. At Leman and Ower L.V., Oct. 24th, 5 p.m., 5000, S.E. to N.W., fifty killed. Coquet Island L.H., many round lantern all through November. Heligoland, in duration and number the migration probably exceeds that of any other species, commencing with young birds on June 28th, and continued at intervals to the end of the year; enormous numbers crossed between the 14th and 25th of October, especially on the 19th, "immense numbers;" 20th, "clouds of enormous numbers;" 21st, "astounding;" 22nd, "astounding flights like clouds passing on," and so on in less numbers to the end of the year.

Pastor roseus, Rose-coloured Pastor.—Aug. 30th, one shot near Spurn, and another reputed to have been seen. Mr. Slater, who saw this bird, says it was in very dusky plumage, and its colouring very much that of an old Hooded Crow, but it was an adult female, and dissection showed that it had bred this season.

Corvus monedula, Daw.—In large flocks at several stations in October and November, frequently mixed with Rooks. Heligoland, first on October 6th; 12th, many; 15th, several flights; 24th and 25th, astounding numbers.

C. corone, Carrion Crow.—Large numbers appear to have come over in October. There are innumerable entries in the schedules of "black crows" and "grey crows," and of course it is quite impossible to say in each case whether Carrion Crows or Rooks are intended. In those instances where the flocks are mixed, grey and black Crows together, the latter are probably C. corone. Rooks, as a rule, keep to themselves when migrating, or mixed with Jackdaws.

C. cornix, Hooded Crow.—Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., March 1st, 8.30 a.m., flight to S.S.E. from W.N.W., and the same on April 3rd and 4th. Farn L.H., April 11th, eleven to W. Great Cotes, May 8th, last. Autumn: First at Flamborough L.H. on Oct. 3rd, two in field near lighthouse. Thanet, 5th, one from N.E.; then on the 6th at Tees L.V., Flamborough, Spurn, Hunstanton L.H. and Hasborough L.V., a few; during the latter half of October the rush appears to have been continuous night and day; and at the Outer Dowsing L.V., Nov. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, a continuous rush N.E. to S.W., and also at other stations, but in less numbers to Nov. 15th; Redcar, Dec. 3rd, some; and Spurn, at intervals, a few to end of the year; the main body came in from Flamborough Head to the coast of Essex, comparatively few north of Flamborough or south of the Thames; the chief lines of flight S.E. to N.W., E. to W., and S. to N.W. Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, first flight; 5th and 6th, numbers; and on to 14th, when thousands crossed; 15th, none; 18th, N., great flights; 19th less; 20th, great numbers; 21st, astounding numbers; less on 22nd and 23rd, and then very great again on 24th and 25th; Nov. 1st, and on 2nd and 3rd, very great migration late in afternoon, and at intervals to 28th.

C. frugilegus, Rook.—Spring: Newarp L.V., Feb. 10th to 13th and 22nd to 23rd, 7.30 to 9 a.m., great numbers of "black crows" to eastward, and at intervals to April; 23rd, large numbers of both black and grey Crows in same direction; Larks, Sparrows, and Chaffinches also; at the same date, Feb. 23rd, large numbers of Crows and Larks passing to the west. Shipwash L.V., 13th, 8 a.m., flights of thousands to S.E. Leman and Ower L.V., from March 4th and through April, great numbers of Crows to E. from W. Autumn: Oct. 5th to Nov. 12th, recorded at nine stations south of Humber, from Spurn to Orfordness; an almost continuous rush night and day last fortnight in October. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, first; 14th, great numbers; 15th, some; 23rd, two monstrous flights in afternoon; 24th and 25th, astounding numbers (see General Remarks); Nov. 3rd, during afternoon.

C. corax, Raven.—Languard L.H., June 22nd, 6.50 a.m., two.

Alauda arvensis, Sky Lark.—Spring: At Leman and Ower L.V., March 4th, great many E. to W., also many birds, Chaffinches and others, to April 9th, likewise E. to W. Outer Dowsing L.V., March 7th, Larks and Starlings. In the autumn Larks are recorded first at the Varne L.V., Sept. 6th; last at Goodwin L.V., Dec. 23rd, a few about lantern all night; the migration covering 109 days, and including twenty-four stations between the Farn Islands and Hanois L.H., fourteen of which are light vessels. From Sept. 30th to the middle of Nov. enormous numbers crossed the North Sea either directly from E. to W., a point S. of E. to other N. of W., and from the 15th of Oct. to the end of the month the rush appears to have been nearly continuous night and day; the great rush from the 20th to the 23rd. At Heligoland the migration commenced on the 22nd of Sept. with pretty large flights, and continued at intervals to the end of the year; on the 21st October an enormous migration over the sea on each side of the island; night of 24th to 25th, great rush, 500 caught at lighthouse.

A. arborea, Woodlark.—Heligoland, Oct. 6th, a few; also on 8th and 11th; 13th, twenty to thirty; 15th, some; 22nd and 30th, many; Nov. 2nd, some; and the 28th, many.

A. cristata, Crested Lark.—Heligoland, Sept. 30th and Oct. 1st, one each day.

Otocorys alpestris, Shore Lark.—Yarmouth, Nov. 11th, two; 12th, one. Blakeney, 28th, two. Spurn, two or three about the same date. Heligoland, Oct. 2nd, first young; 6th, flights eight to ten; 7th, 8th, and 9th, some flights; 12th, large flights; 14th, flights of hundreds; 15th and 16th, some; 18th, large flights, thirty to forty; 20th, in afternoon, a flight, fifty to sixty; 21st, twenty to thirty; 24th, great multitudes; 29th and 30th, less; Nov. 2nd and 3rd, many; 10th and 11th, hundreds constantly, and at intervals to Dec. 1st in large numbers. When we consider the very few which appear on this side of the North Sea compared with the vast numbers passing Heligoland in the autumn, it becomes a matter of surprise where they all go, and in what lands they find winter-quarters.

Cypselus apus, Swift.—Spring: Hunstanton L.H., May 6th, two. Cromer L.H., July 28th, 3 a.m., two struck lantern. Last seen, Thanet, Sept. 7th, and Spurn, Sept. 8th. Heligoland, Sept. 3rd, a few.

Caprimulgus europæus, Nightjar.—Spurn, Sept. 2nd and 3rd, one each day. Thanet, Sept. 5th, one. Heligoland, Aug. 17th, one.

Dendrocopus major, Great-spotted Woodpecker.—Heligoland, Sept. 16th, one, young.

Jynx torquilla, Wryneck.—Heligoland, Aug. 21st, first; 22nd, very many on cliff; 23rd, many.

Alcedo ispida, Kingfisher.—Orfordness L.H., March 25th, 9 p.m., E.N.E. 6, one struck and killed. North-east Lincolnshire, September and October, great many.

Upupa epops, Hoopoe.—Farn, April 28th, 2 p.m., E.N.E., one on island. Longstone L.H., 29th, one seen.

Cuculus canorus, Cuckoo.—Spring: Great Cotes, April 27th, first recorded. Hunstanton L.H., May 6th. Spurn L.H., 7th; and Whitby L.H., 8th, wind W.S.W., a progression northward at the rate of forty miles a day. Farn L.H., May 23rd, calm S.E., heard calling overhead at midnight. Autumn: Thanet, July 15th, first on autumn passage. Tees L.V., 29th, one caught on board. Farn L.H., August 3rd, young Cuckoo on rock. Spurn, young plentiful during third week; last seen on 25th. Last seen at Thanet, Sept. 12th. Heligoland, early in July, some old; 15th to 20th, daily young birds; Aug. 1st to 3rd, daily young; 17th same; 22nd, each day.

Strigidæ, Owls.—Long-eared Owl, Asio otus, Thanet, Dec. 16th, two, evidently fresh arrivals. Short-eared Owl, A. brachyotus. Spring: Tees L.V., March 15th, one to E. Coquet L.H., April 21st, W.N.W., one. Longstone, L.H., April 28th, one. Autumn: Languard L.H., Aug. 20th, 6 a.m., one. Redcar, 21st, E., two. From Sept. 17th to 23rd, at four stations. In October, some at Spurn and Redcar. Thanet, Dec. 3rd, one. Coquet L.H., 9th, one. Farn L.H., Jan. 23rd, one, a very large example, caught in a trap, baited with a Redshank it had killed. Rush, first week in October and 11th. Tengmalm's Owl, Nyctala tengmalmi, Oct. 18th, one shot at Holmpton, Holderness ['Naturalist,' 1884, p. 110]. Heligoland, A. brachyotus, Sept. 21st, first; Oct. 3rd, 11th, 14th, some; very few compared with other years. N. tengmalmi, Oct. 3rd, one shot; 7th, one.

Falconidæ, Buteo.—First fortnight in September, a few "large Hawks" along coast, some of which would probably be Buzzards. Goshawk, Astur palumbarius, Sept. 29th, one seen on the wing by me, when driving between Easington and Skeflling, Holderness. Sparrowhawk, A. nisus, Spring: Newarp L.V., April 23rd, two, to E. Autumn: Dudgeon L.V., Aug. 12th, one, died on board; at various stations, several, during the first fortnight in September. Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus, Spurn, Sept. 9th, one, in pursuit of a Tern; Oct. 2nd, 8 p.m., one, an adult male, captured on mast-head of fishing-smack 'Surprise,' of Grimsby, between the Outer Dowsing L.V. and Cromer. Kestrel, Tinnunculus alaudarius, Spurn, Sept. 4th to 10th, many; on 8th, seven seen, and on 10th, ten in one field, by the Rev. H. H. Slater. Very common in North-east Lincolnshire in September. Thanet, Sept. 12th to 17th, evidently a considerable passage of Hawks. Heligoland, Buteo vulgaris, Buzzard, Sept. 4th and 5th, some. Archibuteo lagopus, Rough-legged Buzzard, Sept. 15th, one shot; Nov. 10th, several small flocks; 14th, several. Haliaëtus albicilla, White-tailed Eagle, Sept. 15th, one, young, shot. Accipiter nisus, Sparrowhawk, Aug. 15th, some, young; 21st, more numerous; Sept. 4th, 4 p.m., great many, young; 5th and 6th, a few towards evening; 10th and 11th, some; 18th, numerous, young birds; 21st, some; Oct. 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 14th, and 21st, some. Pernis apivorus, Honey Buzzard, Sept. 18th, some, young. Falco peregrinus, Peregrine Falcon, Oct. 1st to 15th, a few; 21st, some. Falco æsalon, Merlin, Oct. 6th, 7th, and 14th, some. Tinnunculus alaudarius, Kestrel, Aug. 17th, young; Sept. 10th, 11th, and Oct. 6th, 7th, some.

Sula bassana, Gannet.—Farn L.H., March 7th, several all day to N.E.; 10th, the same, and hundreds all day on 15th and 16th April. Longstone L.H., March 16th, some at 5 p.m., to north, and daily to 26th all day, but no large flocks, and more or less daily to April 15th. Autumn: Farn L.H., July 2nd, first young seen. Redcar, Sept. 24th to end of month, very numerous at sea, mainly young.

Ardea cinerea, Heron.—At many stations in the autumn, but it is impossible to say whether immigrants or not. Herons have been very common in the autumn and winter in all the low-lying districts in North-east Lincolnshire. On the evening of February 3rd, 1885, fourteen, flying close together, passed over me within half-gunshot, steering their course in the direction of the nearest "beck."

Botaurus stellaris, Bittern.—One shot in Gedney Marsh on Nov. 14th; one in Yorkshire, four or five in Lincolnshire, one in Norfolk, and one in Suffolk, during the first week in December, and one near Brigg, Lincolnshire, in January, 1885. Snow and severe frosts on Continent from Nov. 28th to Dec. 2nd. It is probable that the bulk of these visitors were shot within a week of their arrival on our shores.

Platalea leucorodia, Spoonbill.—Hollesley, Suffolk, four, early in August, two of which were shot by a "fortunate" gunner. ['Zool.,' 1884, p. 471.]

Anser, Geese.—Spring: Whitby, May 8th, eighteen wild geese, from N. to S. Autumn: first recorded from Whitby L.H., Sept. 8th, three large flocks to S., flying half a mile from shore. The main arrival from Redcar to Humber district on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Oct. Coquet L.H., Nov. 4th, many flocks all day to N. Shipwash L.V., Dec. 1st and 2nd, nights to W. Heligoland, Anser cinereus, Grey-lag Goose, Oct. 10th, a flight, one shot, a young bird; 11th, some; Nov. 30th, numerous.

Cygnus, Swans.—March 8th, Outer Dowsing L.V., one black Swan to S.S.E. A black Swan was shot on Sunk Island [Humber] in the autumn. Redcar, Oct. 5th, nine to N. Yarmouth, Nov. 20th, four on Breydon Water. Corton L.V., Dec. 4th and 6th, two.

Tadorna cornuta, Sheldrake.—Spring: April 12th, Farn L.H., four on rocks; first young at sea on June 22nd. Twigmoor, Lincolnshire, May 23rd, pair of old birds and seven young on pond. Redcar, Dec. 3rd, flock. Farn L.H., Jan. 21st, 10.30 to noon, flocks to N., one flock numbering thirty-eight.

Mareca penelope, Wigeon.—Redcar, Oct. 28th, first seen, several.

Anas boschas, Wild Duck.—Spring: Outer Dowsing L.V., March 9th, 9 to 3 p.m., Wild Ducks continuous, from N.W. to S.E. Autumn: Redcar, October 3rd to December 6th., large numbers in various directions, also at most coast stations. Heligoland, Querquedula crecca, Teal, Sept. 1st, great many, also 2nd and 3rd.

Harelda glacialis, Long-tailed Duck.—Farn L.H., Jan. 12th, 1885, several swimming all day near island.

Somateria mollissima, Eider Duck.—Spring: Coquet L.H., April 28th, twenty, of which four were males off island. May 8th, many Ducks and Drakes, and at the same station in December many off island. Farn L.H., Jan. 11th and 12th, 1885, hundreds swimming in lee of island. The first young were seen on June 13th. The King Eider, Somateria spectabilis, was seen at the Farn Islands on April 9th, and at the Longstone on May 4th. This bird, which has now regularly appeared in the locality for several years, was unfortunately shot at on June 12th, and was not seen afterwards.

Œdemia nigra, Common Scoter.—Gull L.V., April 27th, 8 a.m. to noon, continuous to N. Autumn: Great numbers at several stations, moving in various directions.

Mergus merganser, Goosander.—Redcar, Oct. 6th, one to N.W.; Nov. 19th, flock; Dec. 8th, two. M. serrator, Merganser, a few observed off Redcar at sea between Oct. 12th and 25th.

Columba palumbus, Ring Dove.—Orfordness, Sept. 27th, 9 p.m., one struck, killed. Languard, 29th, 8 a.m., eight flying very quick W. to N.E. Between 21st of October and the end of November there was an immense immigration covering the East Coast between Berwick and Yarmouth; rushes Oct. 21st to 25th, Nov. 2nd and 20th to 28th, continuous for nine days. Mr. T. H. Nelson says "there was an enormous arrival of these birds in the Redcar neighbourhood about the middle of November. I have not noted all down in the schedule, as I did not see them all myself, but am told that from the 20th to end of month there was a continuous migration; a friend shot about fifty in three days between Redcar and Marske; there was also a considerable influx into the Bishop Auckland district about the same time." In Northumberland the numbers were so large as to attract general attention. In Lincolnshire the arrival was immense, also on the Norfolk coast. Hundreds were shot on their first arrival, their crops and stomachs containing no food, invariably the case with all newly arrived migrants. Heligoland, Oct. 3rd, flight of sixty; 12th, some; 25th, great many, twenty to thirty in a flight.

C. ænas, Stockdove.—Great numbers crossed in the autumn with the ring doves, mixed or in separate flocks. In November I saw one flock of four or five hundred in the Great Cotes marshes, an enormous flight considering the limited number bred in the district. From the beginning of December to the end of February large flights have daily resorted to fields of young clover, or those recently laid down with permanent grasses.

Turtur communis, Turtle Dove.—Thanet, Oct. 4th, last seen.

Rallidæ, Rallus aquaticus, Water Rail.—There appears to have been a very considerable immigration between the third week in September and at intervals to the end of November, and through the autumn they were exceedingly plentiful in all likely localities on the East Coast. Heligoland, Oct. 25th, some; 30th, two or three. Porzana maruetta, Spotted Crake. Redcar, Sept. 2nd, one. Heligoland, Oct. 23rd, one. Crex pratensis, Corn Crake. Spring: Whitby, May 2nd, W.S.W., 3 a.m., first heard. Autumn: Great Cotes, Sept. 4th; and last near Spurn, Oct. 27th and 28th, one each day. Gallinula chloropus, Moorhen, Great Cotes, Nov. 18th, N. strong, sleet and rain, great numbers on the streams, drains, and "blowwell" ponds, also in gardens and localities where I have rarely seen them; probably altogether ten to one in excess of normal numbers; very few observed after this date. Heligoland, Oct. 23rd, some.

Charadrius pluvialis, Golden Plover.—Spring: Longstone L.H., March 14th, S., with Lapwings round lantern. Farn L.H., July 27th, first flock. Tees L.V., Aug. 25th, large flock to N.W.[31] Great Cotes, the great flight of old birds on 25th and 26th Nov. Heligoland, Aug. 1st to 3rd, N.N.W., numerous; 5th to 25th, daily, some young; 31st, 11 p.m., many; Sept. 23rd, still many; Oct. 12th, some; Nov. 30th, old birds.