INDEX.
- Aaron, celebrated by Sirach, 193
- Achamoth, Gnostic myth of, 161 n.
- Adam, occurrence of the word in ‘Proverbs,’ 119
- Addison, 145
- Age, ascribed to Job, 71;
- Agur, 154, 170 sq.
- Ahriman, 80
- Akabia ben Mahalallel, 300
- Akiba, Rabbi, 283
- Alexandria, importance of, to Jews, 181
- Allegorical view of ‘Job,’ 65;
- of Koheleth’s portrait of old age, 229 sq.
- Alphabet of Ben Sira, 195 sq.
- Amenemhat I., 156
- Amos, parallels to ‘Job’ in, 87
- Amos iv. 13, v. 8, perhaps interpolations, 52, n.
- Angels, doctrine of, 44 sq. See also Spirits
- Apap, the serpent, 76
- Apocrypha, value of the, 179
- Aquila, versions of, 277
- Arabian theory of angels, 44 n.
- Arabic Literature, euphuism in, 206
- Arabic Poets, subjectivity, 64;
- parallels to ‘Job’ in, 100
- Arabic Proverbs compared with Hebrew, 134;
- Arabisms, in ‘Job,’ 99, 291 sq.;
- Aramaisms, in ‘Job,’ 15 n., 92, 97, 99, 291 sq., 294;
- Aristeas, the fragment of, 96
- Aristotle, definition of Virtue, 28
- Arnold, Matthew, 122
- Artaxerxes II. and III., 258
- Ashmedai, 80
- Assyrian, Discoveries, 5 sq.;
- Policy of uprooting nations, 73;
- Theory of Angels, 44 n.
- Atomism, doctrine of, 263
- Atonement, doctrine of the, 3, 287, 45
- Augustine, Saint, quoted, 147, 284
- Aurelius, Marcus, mentioned, 289;
- quoted, 234;
- compared with Koheleth, 245, 266 sq.
- Babylonian, animal fables, 126;
- Bacon, Lord, the New Atlantis, 132;
- Bagoses, 258
- Bede, the Ven., on ‘Job,’ 90
- Bedouin prayer, 52
- Behemoth, 56
- Ben Abuyah, 150
- Bereshith Rabba, quoted, 188
- Bernstein, on ‘Job,’ 293
- Bertholdt, on ‘Job,’ 293
- Bible, Milton’s view of the, 253
- Biblical criticism, 1 sq.
- Bickell, as a critic, 241;
- on Job (xix. 25-27), 35, 288;
- on Prov. (xxii. 19-21), 138;
- on Sirach, 195;
- on Koheleth (iv. 13-16), 213, (iii. 11) 276, (viii. 10) 220, 276;
- list of poetical passages in Koheleth, 206;
- on the text of Koheleth, 273;
- and passim
- Bildad, his home, 15;
- the advocate of tradition, 17, 23
- Binney, Mr., 296
- Birthday, Job’s curse of his, 16
- Blake, William, quoted, 54;
- Book of the Dead, parallels with ‘Job,’ 39, 76
- Böttcher, on ‘Job,’ 68
- Bradley, Dean, 215, 229 n., 248
- Breton legend of St. Ives, 140
- Briggs, Prof., on Elihu’s speeches, 93, 296
- Budde, on Aramaisms in ‘Job,’ 291 sqq.
- Buddha, 218
- Buddhist sayings, 128
- Budge, Mr., on Tiamat, 78
- Bullinger, on Sirach, 197
- Bunsen, quoted, 108 n.
- Bunyan, 109
- Camerarius, edition of Sirach, 197
- Canon, the, final settlement, 233, 281
- Carlyle, quoted, 112, 144 n., 246
- Ceremonial system, value of, 119 sq.;
- Chabas, M., quoted, 57
- Chaldæans, 73;
- their philosophy known to Job, 51
- Chateaubriand, quoted, 65
- Chinese proverbs, 129
- Christ, never used directly anti-sacrificial language, 3 sq.;
- Kenotic view of His person, 7;
- whether Job a type of, 102 sq.;
- foregleams of, in Prov. viii., 176
- Christian doctrine in Koheleth, 248 sq.
- Church of England, attitude to Biblical criticism, 1 sq.
- Cicero, dialogues, 207
- Clement, of Rome, 176
- Coleridge, quoted, 108
- Constantinople, Councils at, 107, 282
- Cosmos, conception of the world as, 52, 161
- Cox, Dr., quoted, 46
- Daniel, plural authorship of the Book of, 8
- Dante, allusions to, 28, 51, 66, 76, 159, 194, 230;
- quotations from, 45, 54, 130;
- comparison of the Divina Commedia to ‘Job,’ 111
- Davenant, quoted, 252
- David, idealisation of, 131 sqq.
- Davidson, on Job (xix. 25-27), 34
- Dawn, personified, 77
- De Jong, on Koheleth, 240
- Delitzsch, on the Praise of Wisdom, 163;
- on the date of Proverbs, 170;
- on the period of Koheleth, 258;
- his Hebrew New Testament, 288;
- and passim
- Derenbourg, quoted, 100
- De Sanctis, quoted, viii.
- Determinism, in Koheleth, 265 sqq.
- Deuteronomy, in the reign of Josiah, 6;
- points of contact with Job, 86;
- influence on the Praise of Wisdom, 168 sq.;
- (xxxii. 8) explained, 81 n., 291
- De Vere, Aubrey, quoted, 105
- Dillmann, on style of Job, 294
- Dīn Ibrahim, morality of the, 98
- Dragon Myth, 16, 24, 76
- Dramatic character of ‘Job,’ 107
- Drunkenness, 140, 156
- Ebers, Prof., 40, 269
- Ecclesiastes, the Book of—
- (a) Canonicity, 279 sqq.;
- title, 207 n., 298;
- date and place of composition, 255 sqq., 271, 278;
- break in its composition, 204;
- language, 256;
- style, 203, 207, 246;
- how far autobiographical, 209;
- comparison with Job, 203;
- with Sirach, 279;
- its standpoint, 200 sqq.;
- its pessimism, 215, 251 sq., 301;
- its relation to Epicureanism, 215, 222, 252, 262 sq.;
- to Stoicism, 264
- (b) Passages explained or emended:
- (iii. 11, 12), 210, 260, 276, 299;
- (iii. 17-21), 211;
- (iv. 13-16), 213;
- (v. 17), 260;
- (v. 19), 261;
- (vi. 9), 261;
- (vii. 1), 215;
- (vii. 18), 261;
- (vii. 27), 219;
- (viii. 10), 220, 276;
- (viii. 12), 220;
- (x. 20), 222;
- (xi. 9-xii. 7), 300;
- (xii. 1-7), 226;
- (xii. 8-14), 229 sqq., 261, 301
- Transpositions, 273 sq.;
- Interpolations, 275, and 211, 213, 224 sq., 226, 229 sq.
- Ecclesiasticus, see Sirach
- Edwards, Sutherland, on Mephistopheles, 110
- Egypt, theory that ‘Job’ was composed in, 75
- Egyptian, animal fables, 126 n.;
- discoveries, 5;
- incantations, 16;
- proverbs, 129;
- influence on Koheleth, 269 sq.
- Egyptian-Jewish literature, 181
- Elephantiasis, Job’s disease, 22
- Elephants, 57
- Elihu, genealogy, 42 n.;
- Eliphaz, his home, 15;
- the ‘depositary of a revelation,’ 17
- Elohim, the sons of the, 14, 79, 81, 82, 151
- Emerson, quoted, 160
- Enoch, 297;
- Epictetus, 234 n.
- Epicureanism, in Koheleth, 240 sq., 252, 262 sq.
- Epicurus, 222
- Ethics, practical, relation to Hebrew Wisdom, 118 sq.;
- Euergetes II. Physkon, 180
- Ewald, his division of the Book of Proverbs, 134;
- of the Praise of Wisdom, 162;
- on the date of Proverbs, 190;
- on Koheleth, 236 sqq.;
- and passim
- Ezekiel (xiv. 14), 60
- Ezra, why not mentioned in Sirach, 193 sq.
- Family life, in Proverbs, 136
- Farmers, Israelitish goodwill to, 136, 214
- Faust, the Hebrew, 150
- Fees, whether paid to the ‘Wise Men,’ 124 n.
- Fénelon, 67
- Friends, Job’s, Emeers, 15;
- representatives of orthodoxy, 17;
- their narrowness, 30
- Froude, J. A., quoted on Job xxvii., 95 n.
- Gamaliel, 280
- Geiger, on Koheleth, 238 sq.
- Genesis, no protest against Idolatry in, 71;
- opening chapters of, 6;
- (xiv. 19-22), 160
- Gilchrist, Life of Blake, 107
- Ginsburg, Dr., on ‘proportionate retribution’ in Job, 69;
- on Koheleth, 236;
- on Eccles. (iii. 12), 210 n.;
- and passim
- Gnostic myth of Achamoth, 161
- God, name of, in Koheleth, 201, 217
- Godet, 288
- Grätz, on Koheleth, 244, 301
- Grave, Job’s, 60
- Greek influence on Koheleth, 202, 241, 260 sqq.
- Green, Prof., of Princeton, on Job, (xix. 25-27), 33, 34 n.;
- Gregory the Great, on ‘Job,’ 90
- Hai Gaon, Rabbi, on ‘Job,’ 61
- Harischandra compared to Job, 63
- Harnack, quoted, 263
- Harūn ar-Rashid, 131, 296
- Hegesias Peisithanatos, 268
- Heine, on ‘Job,’ 104
- Hellenic movement in Palestine, 181
- Hengstenberg, on ‘Job,’ 61;
- Herder, on ‘Job,’ 295;
- Hezekiah, the Song of, 88;
- his supposed authorship of Proverbs xxv.-xxix., 142 sq.;
- his views on medical science, 191
- Hillel, Rabbi, a copious fabulist, 128;
- the School of, on Koheleth, 280
- Hitopadesa, quoted, 153
- Hitzig, as a critic, 241 n.;
- on the arrangement of the Praise of Wisdom, 163;
- and passim
- Hooker, 161, 162, 216 sq.
- Hosea, parallels to ‘Job’ in, 87
- Humboldt, A. von, 46
- Humour, touches of, in ‘Job,’ 13, 14, 49, 109, 290;
- Husbandmen, Israelite goodwill to, 136, 214
- Ibn Ezra, opinion that ‘Job’ was a translation, 96
- Ibycus, the cranes of, 222
- Idealism, of the Prophets, 119
- Immortality, the hope of, in Proverbs, 122 sq.;
- Inconsistencies in the Canonical Scriptures, 204
- Indian, animal fables, 126 n.;
- Inspiration, view of, broadened by literary criticism, 7
- Irving, Edward, 162
- Isaiah, mythological allusions in, 78;
- parallels to ‘Job’ in, 84, 87;
- xxviii., 14, 120 n.
- Israel, Job a type of, 58;
- the word not in Proverbs, 119;
- Koheleth indifferent to its religious primacy, 199
- Israelites, low religious position before the Exile, 6;
- their sympathy with husbandmen, 136, 214
- Italian moralists, their use of ‘Job,’ viii.
- Ives, Saint, Breton legend of, 140
- Jamnia, Synod of, 233, 280
- Jehovah, the name, 71, 72 n.;
- consistency of the speeches of, in ‘Job,’ 48, 94
- Jeremiah, parallels to ‘Job’ in, 86
- Jerome, Saint, on metrical character of ‘Job,’ 12 n.;
- on Epicureanism in Koheleth, 262, 281
- Jewish nation, like Job, a byword, 32
- Job, the Book of—
- (a) Proposed title for, 12;
- divisions of, 12 sq.;
- perhaps a translation, 96 sq.;
- probable stages of the growth of, 66 sqq.;
- date of, 67 sqq., 88, 157;
- place of composition, 75;
- effect of removing the interpolations in, 70;
- Aramaic colouring of, 15 n., 92;
- whether historical, 60 sq., 183, 290;
- whether autobiographical, 63;
- whether a drama, 107;
- polemical aim of, 65;
- religious teaching of, 102 sqq.;
- feeling for nature in, 51;
- humour in, 13 sq., 49, 109, 290;
- influence of, on other writers, viii. 83 sq.
- (b) Author, the greatest master of Hebrew Wisdom, 11;
- circumstances of his age reflected in xvii. 6-9, 32;
- a traveller, 75, 97;
- looks beyond Israel, 65;
- place of writing, 75
- (c) Hero, his name, 62;
- title given him by the Syrians, 65;
- his nationality, 13, 59, 117, 170;
- whether historical, 60 sqq., 103;
- great age ascribed to him, 71;
- his grave, 60;
- dual aspect of, 32;
- a type, 17, 21, 22, 28, 31, 32, 58, 65
- (d) Text. (i.) Passages explained or emended:
- (vi. 25), 288;
- (xi. 6), 26;
- (xiii. 15), 28;
- (xv. 7), 167;
- (xvi. 2), 31;
- (xix. 25-27), 33 sqq., 288 sq.;
- (xxxiii. 13), 44;
- (xxxviii. 41), 52 n.;
- (xxxix. 10), 53 n.
- (ii.), Passages misplaced, list of, 114;
- also 38, 39 n., 40 n., 41, 50, 68, 94, 115
- (iii.) Passages interpolated, 55 sq., 68 sq., 94, &c.
- Joel ii. 17 explained, 32
- Joseph, the tax farmer, 182, 191, 213
- Josephus, quoted, 190
- Joshua ben Hananyah, Rabbi, 230
- Kalisch, Dr., on Eccles. iii. 12, 210 n.;
- Kant, on Job’s friends, 37
- Kenotic view of Christ’s person, 7, 287
- Khîda, a riddle, 125
- Kings, First Book of, (iv. 32) 132, (xix. 12) 19
- Kleinert, on Job (vi. 25), 288;
- on the style of Elihu, 293
- Klostermann, translation of Eccles. vii., 21, 219
- Koheleth, the name, 207, 231;
- Koheleth, the Book of, see Ecclesiastes
- Koran, quoted, &c., 31, 62 n., 63, 79 n.
- Krochmal, N., on Epilogue to Koheleth, 232 sq.
- K’sil, = Orion, 77
- Kuenen, on the Levitical Law, 3
- Lagarde, on the use of ‘Eloah,’ 72 n.
- Lamentations, parallels to ‘Job’ in, 86
- Landed property, accumulation of, 146
- Law, the Levitical, authorship of, 3 sqq.;
- not enforced in pre-Exile period, 6;
- identification of, with personified wisdom, 162, 192;
- Koheleth’s attitude to, 218
- Lee, Prof. S., on ‘Job,’ 97, 294
- Lemuel, 154, 170 sq.
- Letteris, Max, 150
- Leviathan, 56
- Love for one’s enemies, 147
- Lowth, Bp., 16, 61, 107, 186, 237
- Lucretius, quoted, 201, 205;
- compared with Koheleth, 263
- Luther, on Job, 61;
- on Sirach, 197;
- on Koheleth, 205
- Luzzatto, on the ‘God of Job,’ 104;
- Mal’ak Yahvè, 80
- Mal’akim, 79, 80, 82
- Marduk, the god, 77
- Mariolatry, 162 n.
- Marvell, Andrew, quoted, 144
- Māshāl, 125 sq., 132, 163
- Maspero, quoted, 76
- Massa, in the Hauran, Israelite colony at, 171
- Medical Science, attitudes of Sirach and Hezekiah to, 190 sq.
- Meir, Rabbi, the writer of animal fables, 128
- Mendelssohn, on Koheleth, 236
- Mephistopheles, 110 n.
- Merodach, the god, 77
- Merx, view of Job, 62, 113
- Messianic hope, 119, 188
- Midrash, proverbs in, 128
- Milton, allusions to, 53, 62, 107, 108, 112, 162, 253;
- Mishnic peculiarities in Koheleth, 256
- M’lîça, a dark saying, 125
- Mohammed, delight of, in Job, 63;
- Mommsen, quoted, 181
- Monarchy, view of, in Proverbs, 145;
- Monogamy, in Proverbs, 136
- Monotheism, of Job, 74;
- Morality, of the Proverbs, 135 sq., 177
- Moses, authorship of the Law, 3;
- Mo’tazilites, 98, 162 n., 296
- Mozley, quoted, 103
- Mussaph prayer, 193
- Mythology, in ‘Job,’ 76
- Narrative poetry, alien to Hebrew genius, 13
- Nature, feeling for, in ‘Job,’ 51;
- Nebuchadnezzar, 73
- Neferhotep, stanzas in honour of, 269
- Neubauer, Dr. A., 289
- New Testament, attitude to Proverbs, 177
- Nowack, on Eccles. (iii. 12), 210 n.
- Numerical Proverbs, 153
- Old Testament, general remarks on the criticism of, 1 sqq.;
- need to distinguish between the parts of, 7;
- critical problems of, not prominent in Christ’s time, 7
- Omar Khayyam, 200, 245, 246, 253, 263
- Onias, the High Priest, 213
- Onkelus, Targum of, 264
- Oort, Dr., on proverbs, 127
- Orion, 77
- Palmer, Major, 52
- Parables, in the Old Testament, 126
- Paradise, tradition of, 123
- Patriarchal Age, whether delineated in Job, 13, 71 sqq.
- Paul, Saint, doctrine of the Atonement, 3, 287
- Pentateuch, the literary analysis of it, 5 sq.
- Peshitto translation of Proverbs, 174
- Philo, 151, 161 n., 264
- Pisa, Job frescoes at, 106
- Pleiades, 52, 290
- Plumptre, Dean, 122, 158, 207 n., 212, 245, 263, 265;
- Prior, the poet, on Koheleth, 237
- Prophetical books, plural authorship in, 8
- Prophets, their antisacrificial language, 4;
- their horizon that of their own times, 8;
- their relations to the ‘Wise Men,’ 119 sqq., 182 sq.
- Proverbs, different names for, 125;
- no collection of popular, 125;
- some originally current as riddles, 127
- Proverbs, the Book of—
- (a) The division of, 134;
- repetitions in, 133, 143;
- no subject arrangement, 134;
- the tone of the different parts of, 135, 146, 167, 177;
- their dates, 130, 133, 145, 149, 152, 165 sqq.;
- their authorship, 130 sqq., 142, 135, 165 sq.;
- their form and style, 133, 139, 143. 149, 154, 168;
- interpolations in, 173 sqq.;
- transpositions in, 174
- (b) Passages explained or emended:
- (v. 16), 296;
- (viii. 22), 160;
- (xiv. 32), 122;
- (xviii. 24), 137;
- (xix. 1), 135 n.;
- (xix. 7), 134;
- (xxii. 19-21), 138;
- (xxiii. 18), 123;
- (xxvii. 6), 148, 296;
- (xxx. 1-5), 149 sq., 170;
- (xxx. 15-16), 153;
- (xxx. 31), 175;
- (xxii. 1), 170
- Psalms, relations of, to ‘Job,’ 84, 88;
- Psalm viii. 5 parodied in ‘Job’ (vii. 17, 18), 22
- Ptahhotep, Proverbs of, 121
- Ptolemy Arsacides, Golden Table, 289
- Puscy, Dr. quoted, 1
- Q’dōshīm, 80, 149 n.
- Quinet quoted, 105
- Ra, the sun god, 76
- Rahab, the helpers of, 24, 76
- Raven (in Job xxxviii. 41), 52 n.
- Realism of the ‘Wise Men,’ 119
- Renan, on the style of Elihu, 47;
- Resh Lakish, Rabbi, quoted, 60
- Resurrection, hope of, 34, 75, 188 sq., 251, 301
- Retribution, proportionate, 23, 35, 58, 73, 98, 121, 140, 167, 189, 190 n., 200, 219, 251
- Riddles, proverbs originally current as, 127
- Rig Veda, quoted, 78, 152
- Romans, vii. 20 adopted from Proverbs (xxiv. 17, 18), 147
- Romaunt of the Rose, quoted, 300
- Rossetti, Miss C., 242
- Sacrificial system, importance of, in post-Exile period, 4;
- relations of Job to, 71.
- See also Law
- Salmon, Prof., on Eccles. (ix. 7-9), 262
- Samaritans, 194
- Sammael, 80
- Sandys’, George, translation of ‘Job,’ 106
- Satan, the, 14, 79, 80, 109, 188 sq., 297
- Schiller, 12
- Schultens, Albert, quoted, 61, 97, 99
- Sea Life, familiar, 140;
- Seneca, quoted, 57, 265
- Septuagint version, of ‘Job,’ 113, 114, 296;
- of Proverbs, 173;
- of Koheleth, 277
- Seven Wise Men, of Greece, 119, 124
- Shammaites, on Koheleth, 280 sq.
- Shedim, 80
- Shelley, delight in Job, 112, 253;
- Sibyl, the oldest Jewish, 264
- Simeon ben Shetach, 282 sq.
- Simon II., 180, 181 sq.
- Sirach, parentage, 180;
- early life, 182;
- a true ‘scribe,’ 185;
- unacquainted with Greek philosophy, 190;
- interested in nature and history, 193
- Sirach, the Book of—
- (a) Canonicity, 279 sq., 282 sq.;
- the name Ecclesiasticus, 197;
- written in Hebrew, 194, 196;
- ancient versions of, 297;
- its date, 180 sqq.;
- subject arrangement, 183;
- style, 185;
- whether autobiographical, 186;
- parallelisms in, to Proverbs, 184;
- no philosophical thought in, 182;
- imperfect moral teaching in, 187;
- conception of the divine nature, 188
- (b) Passages emended or explained;
- Soferim, 238. See also ‘Wise Men’
- Solar Myths, 16, 22, 24, 76, 77
- Solomon, secular turn of, 72;
- reputed authorship of Proverbs, 130 sqq., 165, 170;
- Koheleth’s representative of humanity, 202, 207;
- reputed authorship of Koheleth, 255, 275
- Sophia, Gnostic myth of, 161 n.
- Sophocles, 107, 220
- Spanheim, quoted, 97
- Spenser, the poet, 12
- Spinoza, on Job, 61
- Spirits, classes of, 44 sq.
- Stanley, Dean, on Koheleth, 245, 255
- Star worship, 71, 82
- Steersmanship, the term, 133
- Stickel, quoted, 102
- Stoicism, in Koheleth, 240 sq., 264
- Swift, 15
- Swinburne, quoted, 212
- Syrian title for Job, 65
- Talmud, on Job, 64;
- proverbs in the, 128;
- Sirach cited in, 196;
- comparison of Koheleth with, 205;
- on Koheleth, 281
- Tasso, 109 n.
- Taylor, C., on Job (xix. 26), 289
- Taylor, Jeremy, 253
- Temple, Bishop, 225
- Tennyson, quoted, 212
- Theism, argument for, early based on tradition, 23;
- of the Praise of Wisdom, 167
- Theodore of Mopsuestia, 107
- Thirlwall, Bishop, quoted, 2
- Thomas à Kempis, 231, 249
- Thomson, the poet, quoted, 21
- Thoreau, quoted, 106, 252
- Tiamat, 77
- Trades, disparaged in Sirach, 186
- Turgenieff, 243
- Turner, Studies Biblical and Oriental, quoted, 46
- Tyler, on Koheleth, 240, 263 sq.
- Unicorn, in Job (xxxix. 10), 53 n.
- Utilitarianism of the Wise Men, 121, 137
- Uz, locality of, 13 n.
- Vaihinger, on Koheleth, 236 sq.
- Varuna, Vedic hymn to, 154
- Vatke, on date of Proverbs, 1
- Vedic hymns, 77, 154. See also Rig Veda
- Virtue, Koheleth’s ‘theory of,’ 218
- Webbe, George, quoted, 113
- Wellhausen, on Levitical Law, 3 sqq.;
- Wisdom, the Hebrew, nature of, 117 sq.;
- Wise Men, the, 118, 123, 148, 182 sqq.
- Women, in Proverbs, 135, 154;
- Woolner, quoted, 229
- Wordsworth, 162
- Wright, Bateson, on Job, 113
- Zeno, 265 sq.
- Zirkel, on Græcisms in Job, 260 sq.
- Zophar, home of, 15;
- the ‘man of common sense,’ 17
- Zwischenschriften, 180