Eildon Hills, i. 375
Electric Peak, i. 79, 82, 84
Elvans, i. 249, 281
Engulphment craters, i. 58
Ennerdale, granite of, i. 236
Enniscorthy, volcanic rocks near, i. 245
Environment, influence of, on early man, i. 1
Eozoic period, i. 110
Epidiorite, i. 118, 124, 129, 184, 247, 249
Erosion, laws of, i. 101
Eruptions, transient effects of, i. 3;
old submarine, how ascertained, 48;
lacustrine, 49;
fluviatile, 49;
terrestrial, 50;
evidence of intervals between, 283, 287, 300, 442; ii. 42, 59, 203, 205, 221, 251, 254, 287
Erzeroum, old volcanoes near, i. 32
Eskdale Dyke, ii. 127, 133, 136, 137, 140, 143, 145, 146, 153
—— (Lake District), granite of, i. 236
Etheridge, Mr. R, jun., ii. 24
Etna, i. 2, 4, 10, 55; ii. 261
Eurite, i. 188
Europe, basalt plateaux of north-western, i. 51, 52; ii. 181;
pre-Cambrian disturbances of north-western, i. 117
Explosion-craters, i. 58; ii. 266
Explosions, volcanic, i. 246; ii. 196, 266, 425, 472
Extrusive rocks, defined, i. 14;
textures of, 78

Fair Head, sills of, ii. 301
Farey, J., ii. 9
Farne Islands, ii. 2
Faroe Isles, basalt plateaux of, i. 52, 102; ii. 191, 192, 194, 256;
vents in, i. 63; ii. 293;
dykes of, 122, 133;
tuffs and lignites of, 258;
sills of, 322;
absence of gabbro bosses in, 355;
subsidence of, 447;
dip of basalts in, 448;
proofs of denudation in, 458
Faujas St. Fond, ii. 109, 112
Faults, connexion of volcanic vents with, i. 69; ii. 65;
boundary, i. 294, 303, 305, 369; ii. 169;
effects of, i. 446; ii. 200;
connection with, dykes, 168
—— of Tertiary basalt-plateau, ii. 452
Felsite (Felstone), Torridonian, i. 120;
Uriconian, 130, 133;
of Malverns, 134;
Cambrian, 151, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168;
Silurian, 184, 199, 205, 206, 207, 210, 212, 218, 231, 232, 246, 247, 252, 255;
Old Red Sandstone, 276, 277, 291, 293, 321, 327, 335, 346;
Carboniferous, ii. 36, 49;
Permian, 85;
Tertiary, 174, 369, 424, 446
Felsitic breccia, ii. 195
—— type of devitrification, i. 19
Felspar, ejected crystals of, i. 181; ii. 58, 79;
large porphyritic crystals of, in dykes, 129, 135
Fife, Old Red Sandstone volcanic rocks of, i. 307;
Carboniferous volcanic rocks of, 428, 429, 430, 433, 437, 448;
Permian volcanic rocks of, ii. 56, 69
Fingal's Cave, i. 25; ii. 210
Fisher, Rev. O., i. 98
Fishguard, volcanic rocks at, i. 205
Fissure type of volcanoes, i. 42, 52; ii. 108, 115, 267
Fissures, volcanic, i. 42, 52, 53, 54, 425; ii. 141, 145, 159, 176;
filled with agglomerate, i. 70;
filled with dykes, 81, 118;
compound, 82, ii. 159;
pre-Cambrian, i. 118, 119;
Carboniferous, 425;
Tertiary, ii. 141, 159, 176, 425;
modern of Iceland, 262;
cause of, 177
Fleming, John, i. 268
Flow-structure, i. 21, 157, 160, 161, 162, 184, 210, 232, 246, 248, 255, 315, 321, 327, 346; ii. 129, 152, 190, 191, 332, 369, 392, 402, 424, 437, 441
Foot, F. J., i. 316
Forbes, D., ii. 370
—— Edward, ii. 66, 113, 114, 198
—— J. D., ii. 112, 333, 372, 381
Forellenstein, ii. 332
Forest of Wyre coal-field, ii. 102
Forfarshire, volcanic rocks of, i. 285, 299;
flagstones of, 299
Forster, M., ii. 113
Forth-basin, Carboniferous system of, i. 361;
Carboniferous plateaux of, 370;
Carboniferous puys of, 416, 427, 429, 430, 432, 434, 437, 440, 446, 462;
Permian volcanoes of, ii. 55, 67
Foster, Mr. C. le Neve, ii. 10
Fouqué, Prof., i. 18, 21; ii. 134
Fox, Mr. Howard, ii. 36
Fox Strangways, Mr. C., i, 135
Fragmental volcanic rocks, i. 14;
only arise from explosions which reach the surface, 57 (see Agglomerates, Conglomerates, Tuffs)
France, Tertiary volcanoes of Central, i. 4, 10, 29, 41, 45, 49, 58, 60, 70; ii. 31, 271, 281, 373;
Carboniferous volcanic action in, i. 357
Frankland, Prof. E., i. 273, 278
Fundamental complex of oldest gneiss, i. 114, 115
—— gneiss, i. 115

Gabbro, granulitic, ii. 329;
banded structure of, i. 116; ii. 329, 354, 357, 476;
coarse-grained massive, 330;
pale varieties in veins, 330;
gneiss-like aspect of, 342, 254, 358
—— of Carrock Fell, i. 91;
Silurian, 195, 206, 247;
Devonian, 262;
Tertiary, 84, 90, 116; ii. 307, 308, 309, 319, 327, 334, 349, 355, 358, 391, 406, 407
Gairloch, peculiar pre-Cambrian rocks of, i. 115, 117
Galapagos Islands, i. 27
Gallaston type of dolerite and basalt, i. 418
Galloway, granites of, i. 93, 95, 272, 277, 290, 331
Garabol Hill, differentiation at, i. 90
Gardiner, Miss, i. 95
Gardiner, Mr. C. J., i. 256
Gardner, Mr. Starkie, ii. 196, 198, 212
Garlton Hills, i. 102, 370, 377, 378, 379, 380, 386, 390, 405, 412
Garnet found in volcanic vents, i. 62
Garth Grit, i. 177, 185, 208
Gases dissolved in the volcanic magma, i. 13, 15, 72, 97, 99
Geikie, Prof. J., i. 277, 306, 308, 331, 336, 339, 340, 369, 375, 426; ii. 57, 191, 259, 322
Genèvre, Mont, i. 194
Geological action, supposed former greater intensity of, i, 139
—— contrasts, i. 103
—— history, i. 109, 113
—— Survey of Great Britain, i. 113, 115, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 133, 135, 142, 143, 144, 145, 159, 160, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 179, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 188, 190, 196, 198, 201, 204, 205, 207, 208, 212, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 225, 227, 228, 232, 233, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 254, 259, 270, 275, 278, 294, 299, 306, 307, 308, 314, 315, 317, 318, 325, 329, 331, 336, 339, 340, 344, 346, 349, 350, 352, 364, 369, 372, 373, 375, 397, 403, 404, 406, 407, 411, 423, 425, 434, 449, 462, 475, 476; ii. 3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, 23, 33, 36, 37, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 56, 58, 65, 66, 68, 94, 95, 102, 103, 118, 121, 125, 127, 144, 145, 148, 162, 164, 170, 174, 175, 190, 192, 199, 201, 203, 253, 272, 277, 292, 347, 384, 391, 420, 422, 423, 426, 428, 433, 435, 446, 449

Giant's Causeway, ii. 80, 109, 186, 188, 192, 206
Gilbert, Mr. G. K., i. 87; ii. 362, 363
Girvan, i. 192, 200
Glaciation, absence of, in Devonshire, i. 261
Glass in volcanic rocks, i. 18, 33, 60, 78, 180, 211, 216, 230, 232, 235, 316; ii. 85, 120, 126, 133, 135, 137, 184, 204, 247, 272, 285, 316, 317
Globulites, ii. 135
Gloucestershire, Silurian volcanoes of, i. 238
Gneiss, analogies of, with igneous rocks, i. 93; ii. 476;
oldest, i. 110, 115
Godwin-Austen, A. C., i. 259, 262
Goodchild, Mr. J. G., i. 229, 449; ii. 150
Grainger, Rev. Dr., ii. 198
Grand Sarcoui, ii. 373, 374, 381
Granite, bosses of, i. 88, 90, 93;
plutonic and volcanic, 89;
metamorphism by, 95;
altered by dykes, ii. 164;
pre-Cambrian, i. 119;
post-Arenig in Highlands, 126, 310;
in Cambrian rocks, 155;
in Silurian rocks, 200, 229, 236, 238, 249;
of probably Old Red Sandstone age, 272, 277, 290, 331, 337;
Tertiary, ii. 366, 418, 420
Granitite, i. 188, 277, 290, 337; ii. 367
Granophyre, alteration of rocks by, i. 95, 96;
scenery of, 105;
solvent action of, 82, 84, 85, 96, 99; ii. 163, 392, 415, 422, 433;
brecciated, 382;
spherulitic, 381;
bedded structure of, 381, 403, 404;
apt to be intruded at the base of a volcanic series, 403;
shattering of rocks invaded by, 405, 411, 413, 416, 439;
veins of, 409, 410, 432, 437;
Silurian, i. 214, 215
—— Tertiary, i. 339; ii. 368, 395, 408, 430;
boundaries of, 382, 409;
relation to older vents, 280, 384, 399;
relation to plateau-basalts, 386, 396, 402, 404;
relation to gabbro, 391, 402, 404, 410;
relation to basic dykes, 395;
proof of liquidity of, 413;
sills of, 430, 436, 437;
dykes of, 435
Granophyric structure, i. 20; ii. 366
Graphite in Tertiary volcanic series, ii. 198
Graptolites, i. 174, 196, 197
Granwacke or Devonian rocks, De la Beche on, i. 259, ii. 33
Graves, Lieut. T., ii. 451
Great Glen of Scotland, i. 121
Greeks, influence of volcanoes on, i. 1
Green, A. H., i. 133, 134, 163; ii. 10, 12
Greenland, Tertiary basalts of, ii. 182
Greenly, Mr. E., i. 129, 214
Greenock, Lord, i. 363
Green schists of the Scottish Highlands, i. 122;
of Anglesey, 129
Greenstone, i. 183, 187, 206, 217, 219, 249, 259, 261; ii. 34, 35, 37, 103, 104, 355
Greenstone-ash, i. 219
Griffith, Sir R., ii. 299, 422
Gunn, Mr. W., i. 114, 298, 311, 336, 369, 407, 410; ii. 58, 172, 420
Gypsum deposits, ii. 54

Hade of dykes, ii. 139
Hæmatitic iron-ore, ii. 197
Hall, Sir James, i. 72, 363
Hälleflinta, i. 131, 167
Hardman, E. T., ii. 365, 449
Harker, Mr. A., i. 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 99, 188, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218, 222, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 235, 236, 237, 238, 290; ii. 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 139, 144, 146, 160, 162, 163, 164, 174, 185, 189, 190, 223, 224, 247, 269, 281, 284, 285, 309, 310, 318, 320, 334, 339, 347, 348, 368, 382, 384, 385, 387, 389, 392, 407, 408, 409, 413, 415, 433, 434, 437, 441, 446
Harkness, R., i. 228; ii. 56
Harlech anticline, i. 159, 179, 187;
group, 176
Hatch, Dr. F. H., i. 183, 184, 187, 188, 229, 230, 246, 247, 248, 249, 261, 277, 278, 306, 377, 380, 381, 417, 419, 420; ii. 57, 96, 184, 274, 276, 299, 319, 332, 367, 368, 369, 370, 388, 398
Haughton, Prof. S., i. 346; ii. 422
Hawaii, lava-fountains of, i. 12;
differentiation in lavas of, 27;
lava-cauldron of, 58
Haworth, Mr. E., ii. 96
Hay Cunningham, R. I., i. 269, 317, 363, 372, 373, 449, 451; ii. 237, 238, 244
Heaphy, Mr. C., i. 432
Hebrides, basalt-sheets of, i. 24, 47, 52, 102;
acid rocks of, 95, 102;
gabbros of, 84, 90, 102;
scenery of, 105;
pre-Cambrian rocks of, 112, 114, 117, 121;
Cambrian land of, 141;
early observations on the Tertiary volcanic rocks of, ii. 109, 110, 111;
dykes of, 118, 146, 158, 174;
basalts of, 181, 186, 215;
pitchstone lava of, 238, 246;
plateau-scenery of, 249;
Tertiary rivers and lakes of, 217, 228, 231, 234, 252;
vents of, 274;
basic sills of, 304;
gabbro intrusions of, 327;
acid intrusions of, 364, 379, 430, 437;
dislocations of, 452;
denudation of, 455
Heddle, Dr., i. 274, 302; ii. 78, 79, 246, 307, 406
Helland, Prof. A., ii. 191, 261, 263, 264
Henderson, Mr. J., i. 449
Henry Mountains, laccolites of, i. 86; ii. 362
Henslow, J. S., ii. 22, 224
Heterogeneity in volcanic magmas, i. 85, 90; ii, 190, 334
Hett Dyke, ii. 1, 7, 147
Hibbert, S., i. 46
Hicks, Dr. H., i. 126, 145, 154, 158, 159, 166, 206
Hill, Mr. J. B., ii. 140
Hill, Rev. E., i. 135
Hinde, Dr. G. J., i. 198; ii. 35
Hinxman, Mr. L., i. 114, 344; ii. 121
Hobson, Mr. B., i. 260; ii. 23, 27, 96, 99
Holden, Mr. J. S., ii. 204
Holl, H. B., i. 133, 134, 170
Holland, Mr. P., i. 177, 178, 179; ii. 23
Hollybush Sandstone, i. 133, 170
Holocrystalline structure, i. 78; ii. 136, 184
Hopkins, W., ii. 177, 179, 268