- Fall of man, consequences of, shewn, I. 455. n.
- Conclusions drawn, on the supposition that it had not taken place, id. ib.
- Feudal system of government, how departed from in the present forms, I. 10.
- Why taxes so little found under, id. 501.
- Subordination of the different ranks under, how founded, id. 240.
- Its influence on trade, id. 245.
- Feudal governments, three remarkable stages, through which they have changed to the present forms, I. 356.
- Fisheries, hints for the proper establishment of, I. 480.
- Fleuri, Cardinal, his experiment to fix the par of exchange, II. 340.
- Foreign ministers, political hint, as to their accommodations in the countries where they are sent to reside, I. 420.
- Forestalling, why a crime, I. 200.
- Forests, whether extended by an increase in the consumption of firewood, I. 145.
- Foundling hospitals recommended, I. 75.
- Foundlings, opportunity for providing for, pointed out, I. 287.
- Fourage, in the French taxes, what, II. 496. n.
- France, reflections on the state of agriculture in, I. 141.
- The progress of luxury in, compatible with the prosperity of her foreign trade, ib. 288.
- The principle on which the raising and sinking of the numerary value of the coin there in former times is accounted for, ib. 612.
- The policy of, with regard to its coin, why not easily understood, II. 32.
- Remarks on the currency of its coin, id. 58.
- Regulations of, with regard to coin, bullion, and plate, id. 70.
- Price of coinage there upon silver, id. 71.
- Ditto upon gold, id. 72.
- Proportion between a French grain weight to a grain troy, id. 73.
- Proportion between the louis and the guinea, id. 74.
- Advantages of the French regulations, id. 75.
- High price of bullion at Paris in 1760, id. 76.
- Present state of the wearing of the French silver coin, id. 77.
- Fluctuations of credit in, id. 106.
- Chronological anecdotes of banking there, id. 250.
- How its credit was destroyed in 1720, id. 284.
- How a bank may even now be safely established there, id. 289.
- State of their debts, funds, and appropriations, at the peace of 1763, id. 403.
- Extent of annual supplies of, from 1756 to 1762, id. 420.
- Courts of justice in, how rendered oppressive, id. 432.
- Method of levying the taxes in, id. 437.
- The nature of the taxes imposed there, explained, id. 496, 501.
- France and England, which the most populous, I. 102.
- Free gifts in France, as imposed in 1759, II. 419. n.
- Freedom of a people, in what it consists, I. 237.
- Frugality, the proper means of preventing the ill effects of, when it takes place in a luxurious state, I. 281.
- Fund, sinking, the first foundation of, II. 385.
- Gabelle, in the French taxes, explained, II. 501, n.
- Gardens, kitchen, why most frequently found in the neighbourhood of cities, I. 139.
- Gee, Mr. remarks on his observations on the balance of the English trade, I. 431.
- Germany, Remarks on the state of agriculture in, I. 91.
- Governing, in what the art of, consists, I. 12.
- Government, the republican form of, most favourable to trade and industry, I. 242.
- Grain, inquiry into what proportion a plentiful crop of, in England, bears to the current annual consumption, I. 109.
- Inquiry into the difference between a plentiful year and a year of scarcity, id. 113.
- The price of, regulated by the abilities of the lowest class of people to purchase it, id. 401.
- The good effects which would result from preserving the price at some uniform standard, II. 509.
- Greece, antient, remark on the disproportion between the prices of necessaries, and elegances in, I. 403.
- Accounted for, id. 439.
- Its treasures supposed equal to the mines of the new world, id. 437.
- Guinea and louis, proportion between, II. 74.
- Guineas, an examination into the consequences of bringing down their currency to twenty shillings, I. 583.
- Harris, examination of a passage in, concerning coin, I. 609.
- Helots, their cruel treatment under the Spartan government, I. 254.
- Henry VII. wise regulation of, for the preservation of bullion, II. 327.
- Holland, the principles of its constitution inquired into, I. 214.
- Regulations observed in, with regard to coin and bullion, II. 78.
- Regulations of the Dutch mint, id. 79.
- How they reckon their silver standard, id. ib.
- Mint price of fine silver, id. 80.
- Price of coinage there, id. ib.
- Of the Dutch gold coins, id. ib.
- Mint price of fine Gold, id. 81.
- Price of coinage upon ducats, id. 82.
- The rider, id. ib.
- Utility of not fixing the denomination of ducats, id. 83.
- How to find the proportion of the metals in the coin of Holland, and a wonderful phænomenon in the value of ducats, id. 84.
- Quantity of fine silver in a florin piece, id. 85.
- Quantity of fine gold in a florin of riders, id. ib.
- Investigation of the proportion as to the ducat, id. ib.
- Proportion between the mint weights of Holland, England, France, and Germany, id. 87.
- Defects of the silver currency of Holland, id. 91.
- Frauds of money-jobbers there, id. 94.
- Reason of the apparent scarcity of silver coin there, id. 96.
- The great multiplication of taxes there, id. 529.
- Horses, whether the keeping a superfluous number in large cities, a public disadvantage, I. 145.
- Hume, Mr. examination of his doctrine concerning the influence of riches on the price of commodities, I. 398.
- Concerning the balance of trade, id. 416.
- Jacob the patriarch, an idea of primitive society, borrowed from the history of him and his family, I. 23.
- Janizaries, Turkish, and the Pretorian cohorts of Rome, parallel between, I. 247.
- Idle persons, the multiplication of, a load on society, I. 61.
- Jews, their law relating to interest, II. 112.
- The only money-lenders in Europe, until a commercial system prevailed, id. 113.
- Imitation, influence of the taste for, I. 280.
- Indies, account of the French company of, II. 247.
- Industrie, in the French taxes, explained, II. 496. n.
- Remarks on this tax, id. 498.
- Industry, an inquiry into the effects of, I. 133.
- a definition of, id. 166.
- Distinguished from labour, id. ib.
- Why difficult to introduce in a country where slavery is established, id. 167.
- Whether the cause or the effect of trade, id. 170.
- How it is stimulated, id. 193.
- The difference between the progress of, in antient and modern times, accounted for, id. 193.
- Brief sketch of the progress and revolutions of, id. 207.
- A strong argument for a general exercise of, id. 210.
- The means of extending liberty to the lowest denominations of a people, id. 218.
- Flourishes best under a republican government, id. 242.
- Excluded by the system of Lycurgus, id. 258.
- The revolution it produces in the wealth of a nation, pointed out, id. 452.
- The proper direction of, hinted, id. 457.
- In what instance it destroys simplicity of manners, id. 459.
- Antient and modern, the difference of, shewn, I. 462.
- See Industrie.
- Inhabitants, an examination into that maxim which asserts the number of, to be the riches of a country or state, I. 60.
- Innovations, inconveniences attending, I. 632.
- Interest, private, the proper spring of action in the individuals of a well governed state, I. 164.
- Interest of money, how permitted under the Mosaic dispensation, II. 112.
- When it obtained in Europe, id. 113.
- Upon what principles the rate of, is regulated, id. 115.
- No statute for regulating in England, before the time of Henry VIII. id. 116.
- Different classes of borrowers, id. 117.
- Extortions in, how prevented, id. 118.
- Whether in the power of the legislature to command the rate of, id. 122.
- The lowering of, the rise of land, id. 123.
- Proper conduct of a statesman in relation to, id. 124.
- Probable consequences of reducing it below the level of the stocks, id. 125.
- A low rate most essential to states carrying on the most extensive foreign commerce, id. 129.
- Whether the rate of, a sure barometer of the state of commerce, id. 135.
- Whether it falls in proportion to the increase of wealth, id. 139.
- How affected by the manners of a people, id. ib.
- Ireland, the causes which influenced Great Britain to open her ports for the importation of provisions from, I. 231.
- Island, the progress of society illustrated, in a supposed one, I. 128.
- Kings, their rights not founded on tacit contracts between them and their people, I. 240.
- In the old feudal systems, more formidable abroad than at home, id. 356.
- Compared with the domestic influence of those under the present commercial systems, id. ib.
- Labour, the different obligations to, in antient and modern times, I. 59.
- How the methods of, are to be improved, id. 193.
- Land, the disproportion between the rents of arable and pasture, accounted for, I. 43.
- What the general raising of rents of land may be supposed to indicate, id. 45.
- Considerations on the taxes on, II. 561.
- No regular valuation of, made, since doomsday book, id. 564.
- The tax on, how levied in England, id. 565.
- What the most proper method of imposing a tax on, id. 577.
- Landed interest, examination into, I. 622.
- Landed men, inquiry whether they might not issue their own notes on the security of their land, without the intervention of a bank, II. 131.
- Landed property, the inconvenience of minute subdivisions of, I. 85.
- Inquiry into the expediency of the equal distribution of, id. 124.
- Landholder and stockholder, how comparatively affected by taxation, II. 448.
- Land tax in Scotland, defect in, II. 497.
- Law, Mr. account of the establishment of his bank, II. 235, 239.
- Laws, none really invariable, in any government, I. 7.
- Levity, remarks on the influence of, in luxury, I. 280.
- Liberty, public, in what it is understood to consist, I. 237.
- Capable of subsisting under despotic forms of government, id. ib.
- Liberty, universal, established in Europe, and the consequences of, I. 70.
- Linen manufacture, by what means it has been augmented in Scotland and Ireland, I. 86.
- Loans upon interest, if deemed unlawful in a religious view, expedient to avoid, I. 370.
- Locke, Mr. mistake of, corrected, in relation to a proposed alteration of silver coinage, I. 554, 602.
- Lotteries, the advantage of, to the government, II. 400. n.
- When only proper to be used for paying of public debts, id. 479.
- Lowndes, Mr. examination into the present propriety of his scheme for regulating the coin in 1695, I. 602.
- Luxury, the term defined, I. 31, 307.
- The parent of public distress, ib. 212.
- In what instance to be encouraged, ib. 263.
- This farther explained, id. 276.
- How to be effected, id. 277.
- Changes in the modes of, ever distressing to manufacturers, id. 280.
- Political improvement of this circumstance, id. ib.
- The interests affected by, id. 307.
- The mind, id. 308.
- The body, id. 309.
- The fortune, id. ib.
- The state, id. ib.
- Its different effects on different antient nations, remarked, and accounted for, id. 324.
- Its effects in modern times, id. 325.
- Prejudicial to courage, id. 452.
- Modern, the cause of, hinted, id. 462.
- Lycurgus, the tendency of his laws to encourage population, shewn, I. 70.
- Why there was no industry in his republic, id. 193.
- His republic the most perfect plan of political œconomy, id. 250.
- His laws transmitted by tradition only, id. 251.
- The sanction he obtained for them, id. ib.
- His regulation of property, id. 252.
- Cloathing, id. 253.
- The cruel treatment of the helots, id. 254.
- His plan of education, id. 255.
- Remarks on the austerity of his institutions, id. 256.
- His care to guard against the Spartans having an intercourse with foreign nations, id. 257.
- Conclusions drawn from a supposed adoption of his system by any modern nation, id. 259.
- Machines, the introduction of, into manufactures, whether hurtful or beneficial to a date, I. 119, 295.
- Mankind, in what respect alike in all ages, I. 6.
- The distribution of their residence in a country, how determined, id. 46.
- Their number in a free country, in the ratio of their food, id. 113.
- Manners of a people, national peculiarities in, noticed, I. 8.
- The simplicity of, how it affects population, I. 36.
- Manufactures, the principles which determine the residence of, I. 49.
- Their flourishing or decaying in particular places, accounted for, id. 182.
- The proper method of lowering the prices of, to render them vendible at foreign markets, id. 283.
- Why particular ones cannot be furnished so cheap at home, as by other countries, id. 284.
- The importance of their being properly situated, id. 289.
- Manufacturers, why those who work for exportation are the poorest, II. 10.
- More hurt by their own idleness and extravagance than by taxes, id. 505.
- Markets, public, their great use in trade, I. 180.
- Marriage, political considerations on, I. 71.
- Master, his right to share in the profits of his journeymen, proved, I. 318.
- Maxims, general ones, the danger of adopting, I. 60.
- Medals and coin, the difference between, II. 68.
- Megens, Mr. his sentiments concerning the coin of the bank of England, II. 158.
- Melon, M. de, his remark on the proper qualifications of a statesman, I. 377.
- Merchant, observations on the profession of, I. 177.
- Metal, the term defined, II. 46.
- Why a scale of value realized in, can never be exact, ib. id. 54.
- How the proportion of those in coin, is kept nearly the same in all European markets, id. 62.
- Why this proportion so different between Europe and Asia, id. 63.
- How to determine the true intrinsic value of those in which a balance to foreign nations is to be paid, id. 316.
- How to remove the inconveniences which occur in such payments, id. 325.
- Metropolis, the growth of, accounted for, I. 48.
- A large one, whether disadvantageous to a country, id. 52.
- Militia, reflections on, I. 136.
- Mind, the effects of luxurious gratifications on, I. 308.
- Minot, a French measure, what, II. 576, n.
- Mint, French unit of weight in, II. 70.
- Weights of Holland, England, France, and Germany, proportion among, id. 87.
- Missisippi bank of France, account of the establishment of, II. 243, 252, 265.
- Inquiry into the motives for its plan, id. 256.
- Not intentionally a bubble, id. 263.
- How the failure might have been prevented, id. 276.
- How the credit of France was destroyed in May 1720, id. 284.
- Modesty, reflections on, with reference to the Spartans, I. 258.
- Monarchy and democracy, compared, I. 242.
- Their different influences on trade, id. 243.
- Monasteries, magnificent ones, how advantageous to a country, I. 468.
- Money, the term defined, I. 32.
- How to be procured, id. ib.
- The plenty of, productive of luxury, id. 33.
- The effects of the introduction of, on trade, id. 176.
- Observations on that of Sparta, id. 259.
- An inquiry into the principles of the circulation of, id. 360.
- Real, and symbolical, what, id. 364.
- Illustrated, id. 381.
- Ready, caution necessary in taxing it, id. 387.
- No real and adequate proportion between, and goods, id. 394.
- In countries of simplicity, id. 395.
- In countries of industry, id. 397.
- Paper, whether advantageous to a nation, id. 408.
- Whether a tenfold increase of, in Europe, would raise the prices of commodities in the same proportion, id. 413.
- Whether any judgment can be formed concerning the balance of trade of a nation, barely from the quantity of specie that is found in it, id. 429.
- The dissipation of by individuals, not expedient to be checked, id. 471.
- Defined, id. 526.
- A scale for measuring the value of things, id. ib.
- On what principles the value of things is determined, id. 527.
- The prices of things not regulated by the quantity of, id. ib.
- Necessity of distinguishing between, and price, id. 529.
- Of account, what, and how contrived, id. ib.
- Bank, id. 531.
- Angola, id. ib.
- Usefulness of the precious metals in making, id. 532.
- Standard, how to be adjusted, id. 533.
- Debasing and raising a standard, what, id. 534.
- Alteration of the standard, how to be discovered, id. ib.
- Of alloy, id. ib.
- Incapacities of metals to constitute invariable measures of value, id. 535.
- The obligation of such measures to be invariable, id. ib.
- Consequences of their variation, id. 536.
- Defects of a silver standard, id. 537.
- Arguments in favour of a silver standard, id. ib.
- Answers to those arguments, id. 538.
- Usefulness of an universal measure, id. 539.
- Why metals incapacitated from performing the office of, id. 540.
- Wearing in circulation, id. ib.
- Inaccuracy in coining, id. 541.
- Coinage adding to the value, without adding to the weight, id. ib.
- The smallest defects of, profited by in trade, id. ib.
- Five remedies against the effects of the variation in the value of metals, id. 542.
- Remedies against other inconveniences, id. 544.
- Remedies against the wearing of coin, id. ib.
- Remedies against inaccuracy in coinage, id. ib.
- Remedies against the expence of coinage, id. ib.
- Remedies against arbitrary changes in the value of coin, id. 545.
- How the market price of the metals is made to vary, id. ib.
- The variation to be referred to the rising metal, not to the sinking, id. 546.
- Of account, how made to vary in its value, from the variation of the metals, and the consequences, id. 547.
- What the mean proportional between the value of the metals, id. ib.
- The unit to be attached to the mean proportion, upon a new coinage, not after the metals have varied, id. 548.
- The unit better to be affixed to one metal than to both, id. 549.
- To what variation the unit is exposed, from the wearing of the coin, id. ib.
- To what variation the unit is exposed, from the inaccuracy in the fabrication of coin, id. 550.
- Variations to which the unit is exposed, from the imposition of coinage, id. 551.
- When coinage imposed, bullion cheaper than coin, id. ib.
- Exception, id. 552.
- Variation to which the unit is exposed, from the arbitrary raising and debasing the coin by Princes, id. ib.
- How this variation affects the interests of debtors and creditors, id. 553.
- A mistake of Mr. Locke in relation to, corrected, id. 555.
- Defects in the British coinage, id. 558.
- Of the standard of English coin and money unit, id. ib.
- Coinage free in England, id. 559.
- The standard, when attached to the gold coin, id. 560.
- Consequences of that regulation, id. ib.
- Silver, sometimes considered as a money of accompt, id. 561.
- Jobbers in, their practices explained, id. 562. 565.
- Why silver bullion is dearer than coin, id. ib.
- What regulates the price of bullion, id. 564.
- The intrinsic value of the currency, id. ib.
- Paper, the use of, not hurtful in debasing the standard, id. 571.
- The standard how shewn to have been debased, id. 574.
- Proof that the standard has been debased by law, id. 575.
- The standard at present reduced to the value of the gold, id. ib.
- How the disorder in the coin may be remedied without inconveniences, id. 576.
- If the present standard be departed from, all other arbitrary, id. 577.
- The present standard not the same with that of Queen Elizabeth, id. 578.
- Anecdotes of its alterations, id. ib.
- Debasing the standard, chiefly affects permanent contracts, id. 581.
- Why silver so scarce, id. 583.
- Consequences of fixing the guinea at twenty shillings, id. ib.
- How to fix the pound sterling at the standard of Queen Elizabeth, id. 587.
- The consequences of this reformation, id. 588.
- Sufferers by the debasement of the standard, have a right to redress, id. 590.
- But not the whole class of creditors, id. ib.
- Whose claim ought to be liable to conversion, id. 591.
- Objections against the principles before laid down, id. 593.
- Answers to them, id. 595.
- Upon whom the loss incurred by the wear of it, falls, id. 598.
- Inland dealings not able to support the standard where there are money-jobbers, or foreign commerce, id. 599.
- Public currency supports the authority of the coin, not the value of the pound sterling, id. 601.
- In what sense the standard debased by law, and in what sense by the operation of other political causes, id. 614.
- The payments made by bankers regulate all other, id. 615.
- Regulation proposed for the coin, id. 634.
- The first introduction of coinage must reduce the prices of commodities, II. 3.
- Why the doctrine of money appears so intricate, id. 45.
- The difference between raising the value of coin by imposing coinage, and raising the denomination of it, id. 50.
- Whether it is the interest of England to debase the standard of, id. 64.
- The borrowing of, for carrying on trade, more relative to the merchant than the manufacturer, id. 137.
- Montesquieu, Mr. examination of his doctrine concerning the influence of riches on the prices of commodities, I. 398.
- Multiplication of people, the three principles of, I. 90.
- Whether the efficient cause of agriculture, or agriculture of multiplication, id. 114.