An Inquiry into the Principles of Political OEconomy: being an Essay on the Science of Domestic Policy in Free Nations (Vol. 2 of 2), Jame Steuart

Nation, every interest in, intitled to protection, I. 589.
Nations, trading, compared to a fleet of ships, I. 233.
Navigation, remarks on the consequences of the act of, in England, I. 343.
Naturalization of strangers, ineffectual in the view of lowering the prices of manufactures, I. 290.
Necessaries, an inquiry into the cause of a rise in the prices of, I. 291.
- Physical and political, distinguished and explained, id. 312.
- The consumption of, how to be ascertained, id. 314.
- And superfluities, vague terms when different ranks of people are compared, id. 258.
Netherlands, Austrian, the cities of, in a state of depopulation, and the reason, I. 334. n.
Nobility, the advantages of a numerous one, to a state, I. 63.
- Why their spirit ought to be preserved, id. ib.
- Their behaviour in the field compared with that of traders, id. 64.
- Poor, reflexions on their situation, id. ib.

Oeconomy, general definition of, I. 1.
- Family and political, distinguished, id. 2.
- Political, when brought to perfection, id. 83.
Ounces, different, a comparison of, II. 323. n.

Padua, observations on the soil and produce of the country round, I. 140.
Paper money, how realized, II. 110.
Paris, remarks on the state of agriculture round, I. 139.
Partisans in France, what, and cardinal Richlieu’s sentiments on their conduct, II. 369.
- Their extortions, why not then to be remedied, id. 370.
- The present regulation of them, id. ib.
Pay of the soldiery, political plan for the regulation of, I. 449.
Payments, those made by bankers regulate all others, I. 615.
Petty, Sir William, his computations of the number of inhabitants and consumption of provisions in England, I. 41.
Population, how limited, I. 18. 113.
- What the most essential requisite for, id. 25.
- Reflexions on the best means for promoting, id. 72.
- Inquiry into the state of, in Great Britain, I. 95.
- Antient and modern, politically considered, id. 125.
Populous, inquiry into the meaning of this word, when affirmed of a country, I. 102.
Populousness of antient nations, inquiry into the question concerning, I. 38.
Posts for the conveyance of letters, their great use in commerce, I. 180.
Pound sterling, two legal ones in England, I. 568.
- Current value of, id. 569.
- How determined, id. 570.
- What the good measure of, id. 1
- The value of, how marked by bullion, id. 571.
- How to fix it at the standard of Queen Elizabeth, id. 587.
- The consequences of this reformation, id. 588.
Premiums on exportation of commodities, reflexions on, I. 297.
Prerogative, regal, often arbitrarily exercised, from a view to establish public liberty on a more extensive bottom, I. 248.
Price, what understood by, II. 46.
Prices, how regulated on necessaries and on superfluities, I. 440.
- The rise of, on articles of home consumption accounted for, II. 9.
- How kept down on articles of exportation, id. 1
Princes, how those who incline to rob their subjects may avoid robbing themselves at the same time, II. 65.
Producers and consumers, an analysis of the principles which influence the alterations in the political balance between, I. 264.
Profit and loss, explained and distinguished, I. 206.
Profits, how they consolidate into prime cost, II. 8.
- Consolidated, the ill effects of, and how to remedy, I. 289.
Property, how regulated under the Spartan government, I. 252.
- Inconsumable, what, I. 360.
- Consumable, what, id. 361.
- Consequences of the alienation of both kinds, id. 1
- Incorporeal, id. 369.
- Landed and monied, the different ways of life of the possessors of each compared, II. 478. n.
- Permanent, the expediency of its contributing to the burdens of the state, I. 387.
- Solid, how understood, II. 149.
Provisions, those produced in most countries, nearly consumed by the respective inhabitants, I. 109.
- The consequences of an augmentation in the value of, I. 226.
Public money, heinous nature of all attempts to defeat the application of, I. 297.
Public spirit, an improper principle of action in the governed, I. 164.
Public works, not the produce of the wealth of a nation, I. 464.

Quadrille, the idea of circulation of wealth in a state, illustrated by the game of, I. 375.

Rank, the obligation individuals are under to uphold that which they have once attained, I. 313.
Remuage, in the French duties, explained, II. 550 n.
Revenue of England, at the revolution, its amount, II. 364.
- State of, at the accession of Queen Anne, II. 381.
Riches, an inquiry into the effects of, before the introduction of trade and industry, I. 437.
Richlieu, cardinal, his sentiments on the public credit of France, II. 367.
- His sentiments of the extortions committed by the farmers of the French taxes, id. 369.
- Why not capable of being remedied at that time, id. 370.
- His scheme for payment of the public debts, id. 372.
Roads, the advantages of good ones to a country, pointed out, I. 57.
- The making and improving of, shewn to have a tendency to destroy simplicity of manners, I. 459.
Romans, ancient, reflexions on the agriculture of, I. 88.
- The consequences of their subduing the Grecian states, id. 439.
Rome, antient, remarks on the disproportion between the prices of necessaries and elegances in, I. 403.
- Accounted for, id. 439.
- Consular and imperial, its ornaments compared, id. 457.

Scotland, remarks on the state of agriculture in, I. 103.
- Similar instances in other parts of Europe, id. 105.
- Accounted for, id. 106.
- Remark on the variation of the price of oatmeal in, id. 403.
- The nature of banking there, II. 155. 179. 184.
Security, real, what, II. 144.
Self-interest, its extensive influence and use, in a political view, I. 162.
Sensuality, the term distinguished from those of luxury and excess, I. 311.
Silver, in coin, the scarcity of, to what owing, I. 547. 558. 583.
- Why exported preferably to gold, id. 567.
- Why any remains in England, id. 569.
- Rising in value, id. 1
- The rising of, the debasement of the standard, id. 616.
- Question relating to the scarcity of, in England, II. 61.
Simplicity of manners, shewn to be relative, I. 456.
Slavery, the origin of, traced, I. 22.
- Its effects on the multiplication and employment of mankind, id. 36.
- Whether industry can be introduced in a state where the former is established, id. 168.
- Its operation in America, id. 169.
- Real, preferable to a nominal liberty, id. 244.
Society, primitive, an idea of, illustrated in the history of Jacob the patriarch, I. 23.
- Reflexions on the present state of, compared with remote times of primitive simplicity, id. 69.
- The best bond of, id. 84.
- The best principle on which it is to be governed, id. 163.
Societies, human, in what respects they all agree, I. 6.
Soil, a rich one, its disadvantageous effects on the inhabitants of it, traced, I. 34.
- Why less fruitful countries flourish most, id. 35.
South-Sea-scheme, comparison of, with that of the Missisippi, II. 387. n.
Spain, remarks on the state of husbandry there, I. 89.
- On the depopulation of, id. 107.
Spartans, how prevented from having an intercourse with foreign nations, I. 257.
- Their modesty, id. 258.
- The only articles of trade among, id. 1
- Observations on their money, id. 259.
- Conclusions drawn from a supposed adoption of their system by any modern nation, id. 1
- See Lycurgus.
Spirit of a people, whereon formed, I. 8.
Standard of English coinage, remarks on, I. 558.
- When attached to the gold coin, id. 560.
- How shewn to have been debased, id. 574.
- Not the same now with that of Queen Elizabeth, id. 578.
- Anecdotes of its alterations, id. 1
- The debasing of, shewn chiefly to affect permanent contracts, id. 581.
- In what sense debased by law, and in what sense, by the operation of political causes, id. 614.
- Of Elizabeth, its advantage over that of Mary I. id. 621.
- Alteration of, how it affects different interests, id. 632.
- A more easy method of making a change in, proposed, id. 633.
- Whether it is the interest of princes to debase, II. 64.
- The proper arguments against it, id. 67.
Standing armies, the nature and use of, explained, I. 442.
- The consequence of trade and industry, id. 445.
- The history of, id. 446.
State, how to preserve a trading one from decay, I. 224.
- Every change in, advantageous to some class or other, id. 428.
Statesman, the term defined, I. 149. 151.
- Modern, his extraordinary influence and advantages, beyond those of former ages, id. 321.
- The criterion of his abilities, id. 377.
- His actions not to be estimated by the rules of private morality, id. 482.
Stews, public, how far expedient, I. 386.
Subordination, how produced in society, I. 21.
- Political, explained and distinguished, id. 238.
- The boundaries of, deduced, id. 242.
- Wherein that which now subsists in trading nations differs from that which obtained under the old feudal systems, id. 248.
Superfluities, domestic competition in the manufacture of them, to be discouraged, id. 271.

Taille, in the French taxes, explained, II. 496. n.
Tariffee, in the French taxes, explained, II. 498. n.
Taxes, general reflexions on, I. 13.
- From what principle the imposition of them is justifiable; and the proper application of them, id. 269.
- The proper use of, in regulating the several articles of trade, to suit temporary circumstances, id. 321.
- Why the right of imposing, scarcely any where attached to royalty, id. 335.
- The plan of, under pure monarchies, and under limited monarchies, compared, id. 353.
- The necessity of, under a decay of foreign trade, id. 354.
- Their internal effects on the people, id. 371.
- Their operation on industry, id. 385.
- The expediency of distinguishing raisers and consumers in, id. 388.
- To be regulated by the proportion between foreign and domestic circulation, id. 390.
- Only a liquidation of the antient personal services, id. 442.
- History of, id. 443.
- The perpetuity of, argued, id. 445.
- The consequences of a total cessation of, II. 461.
- The word defined, and the various kinds of, specified, id. 484.
- The various objects of, or funds for taxation, id. 486.
- Proportional, affect only the idle, id. 488.
- In what manner they raise the price of commodities, id. 493.
- Where they ultimately fall, id. 494.
- Cumulative, what, in England and in France, id. 496.
- The height of, in England, not so prejudicial to its foreign trade, as the idleness and luxury of manufacturers, id. 504.
- Proportional, their effects, id. 507.
- Good method of raising, id. 514.
- Cumulative, the nature of, explained, id. 518.
- Compared with proportional, id. 520.
- How a cumulative tax is convertible into a proportional one, id. 1
- Consequences of, when the amount is properly applied, id. 523.
- Of the extent of taxation, id. 527.
- The hardship of, in those instances where no alienation takes place, id. 530.
- The difficulty of establishing, upon barter, id. 1
- Draw an additional sum of money into circulation, id. 531.
- The extent of cumulative taxes, id. 538.
- Method of ascertaining the value of landed property, id. 539.
- Impossibility of establishing, upon the income springing from money, id. 1
- Interest of a whole people considered with respect to, id. 542.
- Consequences of abolishing taxes relative to the cumulative interest of a whole state, id. 543.
- Consequences of such abolition, to those who are fed by the produce of taxes, id. 546.
- Judiciously imposed, and equitably levied, enrich a nation, id. 554.
- Whether they promote industry, id. 556.
- Upon land, considerations on, id. 561.
- On land, how levied in England, id. 565.
- What the most proper method of imposing, on land, id. 577.
- What the best method of levying, generally, id. 579.
- On land, whether possible to be converted into one of the proportional kind, id. 592.
Taxation, why so little found under feudal governments, I. 50.
Temple, Sir William, his symbolical representation of a flourishing state, I. 71.
Theft, why encouraged by Lycurgus among the Spartans, I. 257.
Theory, reflexions on the benefit of, in the arts, I. 67.
- Its use, in political researches, id. 542.
- Not exactly confirmed by experience, and why, II. 8.
- And practice, remarks on the difference between, in political subjects, I. 298.
Tithes, under what species of taxation to be ranked, II. 497.
- The most oppressive kind of tax upon landed property, id. 568.
Trade, its beneficial tendency traced, I. 118.
- A definition of, id. 166.
- Whether the cause or the effect of industry, id. 170.
- The progress of, traced, id. 175.
- A republican form of government, and those which approach nearest to it, most favourable to, id. 242.
- Its influence in creating national connexions, id. 266.
- Its natural, division, id. 301.
- Infant, by what means, to be encouraged, id. 302.
- Foreign, the ruling principles of, id. 304.
- Inland, as supposed to take place on the extinction of foreign trade, id. 305.
- Inquiry into the expediency of laying it open, id. 424.
- Natural consequences of it, id. 425.
- The interest of, examined, id. 628.
Trade, inland, how it may be made a resource on the decay of foreign, I. 319.
Trade, foreign, passive and active distinguished, I. 184.
- The progress of, traced, id. 185.
- Illustrated, id. 191.
- An examination of the principles on which it may be established and preserved as long as possible, id. 267.
- On what it is founded, id. 273.
- Inquiry into the causes of the decay of, id. 278.
- The proper remedies proposed, id. 279, 319.
- Its extensive uses, id. 326.
- The proper remedies in cases of successful rivalship in particular articles of it, id. 328.
- How to put a stop to it in manufactures, when the balance of it turns against a nation, id. 336.
- Cautions against hasty measures in such instances, id. 338.
- The natural consequences which will result upon the cessation of it, id. 350.
Trading nation, the true policy of, I. 262.
Traittes, in the French taxes, explained, II. 501. n.
Troops, foreign, how they become necessary to a state, I. 449.
- Plan to supersede the necessity of, id. 450.

Value, the exact scale of, what, II. 55.
Vauban, Marechal, observations on his scheme of raising the land-tax in France, II. 562, 567.
Vice, the proper method of checking, among a people, I. 386.
Vineyards, reflexions on the political tendency of, I. 88.
Visa, the nature of that commission explained, II. 376.
Ustencil c_659l.22'>Ustencil, in the French taxes, what, II. 496. n.