RJ. A Portico in Athens containing a picture gallery painted chiefly by Polygnotus, with the assistance of Micon and Panænus. Zeno taught his doctrines there, and was in consequence called the Stoic, from stoa, a portico, and his school the Stoic-school—Ed.

RK. The very same idea is expressed in Schiller’s Walk under the Linden Trees.—Ed.

RL. See Aphorismi ex doctrina Physiologiæ chemicæ Plantarum, in Humboldt, Flora Fribergensis subterranea, 1793, pp. 133–136. Translation;—“If you attentively consider the whole nature of things, you will discover a great and permanent difference amongst elements, some of which obeying the laws of affinity, others independent, appear in various combinations. This difference is by no means inherent in the elements themselves and in their nature, but seems to be derived solely from their particular distribution. We call that matter inert, brute, and inanimate, the particles of which are combined according to the laws of chemical affinity. On the other hand, we call those bodies animate and organic, which, although constantly manifesting a tendency to assume new forms, are restrained by some internal force from relinquishing that originally assigned them. That internal force, which dissolves the bonds of chemical affinity, and prevents the elements of bodies from freely uniting, we call vital. Accordingly, the most certain criterion of death is putrescence, by which the first parts, or stamina of things, resume their pristine state, and obey the laws of affinity. In inanimate bodies there can be no putrescence.”

RM. Henle, Allgemeine Anatomie, 1841, pp. 216–219.

RN. Pulteney Alison, in the Transact. of the Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, vol. xvi. p. 305.

RO. Cosmos, vol. i. p. 58. (Bohn’s Edition.)

RP. Vol. i. p. 349. (Bohn’s Edition.)

RQ. Compare also the critique on the acceptation of special vital forces in Schleiden’s Botanik als inductive Wissenschaft, part i. pp. 60, and the lately published and admirable treatise of Emil du Bois-Reymond, Untersuchungen über thierische Elektricität, vol. i. pp. xxxiv–1.

RR. Translation.—“From the Province Anti the Montañas of the Antis received their name. Antisuyu signified the eastern direction, and for that reason the name Anti was given to all that part of the great Cordillera of Sierra Nevada which runs along the east of Peru, to denote that it was situated in the east.” (Commentarios Reales, pt. i. pp. 47, 122.)—Ed.

RS. See my Treatise on the Quina Woods, inserted in the Magazin der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Jahrg. i. 1807, s. 59.

RT. Histoire de l’Acad. des Sciences, année 1738. Paris, 1740, p. 233.

RU. I have given a drawing of it in the Vues des Cordillères, pl. xvii.; see also Cieça, cap. 44, P. i. p. 120.

RV. Translation.—“The road of the Sierras is wonderful to behold; for truly, throughout all Christendom, there are not to be seen such beautiful roads on such rugged ground, and, for the most part they are paved.”

RW. See Vues des Cordillères et Monumens des peuples indigènes de l’Amérique, ed. in 8vo. t. ii. pp. 220–267.

RX. Joaquin Acosta, Compendio historico del Descubrimiento de la Nueva Granada, 1848, pp. 188, 196, 206, and 208; Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris, 1847, p. 114.

RY. Journal of a Residence in Columbia, 1825, vol. ii. p. 390.

RZ. Historical Researches on the Conquest of Peru, 1827, p. 397.

SA. Prescott’s Conquest of Peru, vol. i. p. 332.

SB. See Garcilaso, lib. viii. cap. 2; also Joaquin Acosta, p. 189.

SC. See Humboldt, Recueil des Observ. Astron. vol. ii. pp. 309–359.

SD. Journal du Voyage fait à l’Equateur, 1751, p. 186.

SE. Pingré, Cométographie, t. i. p. 496; and Galle’s Verzeichniss aller bisher berechneten Cometenbahnen, in Olbers’ Easiest method of calculating the course of a Comet, 1847, p. 206.

SF. Mädler’s Astronomie, 1846, p. 307; also Schnurrer’s Chronik der Seuchen in Verbindung mit gleichzeitigen Erscheinungen, 1825, part ii. p. 82.

SG. Commentaries reales de las Incas, parte ii. 1722, pp. 27, 51.

SH. Historia de las Indias, 1533, p. 67. See my Essai Politique sur la Nouvelle Espagne, ed. 2, t. iii. p. 424.

SI. See the Essai politique, t. iii. p. 371, 377; and also Joaquin Acosta’s Descubrimiento de la Nueva Granada, 1848, p. 14.

SJ. Prescott’s Conquest of Peru, vol. i. pp. 464–477.

SK. Relation hist., t. iii. pp. 703, 705, 713.

SL. Raleigh, The Discovery of the large, rich, and beautiful Empire of Guiana, performed in 1595. Edition published by Sir Robert Schomburgk, 1848, pp. 119 and 137.

SM. Examen critique de l’histoire de la Géographie du Nouveau Continent et des progrès de l’Astronomie nautique aux 15me et 16me siècles, t. i. p. 349.

SN. Peter Martyr’s Epist. dxl. p. 296.

SO. Joaquin Acosta, Compendio hist. del Descubrimiento de la Nueva Granada, p. 49.

SP. Vida del Almirante por Don Fernando Colon, cap. 90.

SQ. See my Atlas géographique et physique de la Nouv. Espagne, pi. iv. and Atlas de la Relation historique, pl. xxii. xxiii.; also my Voyage aux regiones équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, t. iii. pp. 117–154, and Essai politique sur la royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne, t. i. 2nd ed. 1825, pp. 202–248.

SR. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Soc. of London for the year 1830, pp. 59–68.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
  1. P. 54, changed “Plateau de la Tartaric” to “Plateau de la Tartarie”.
  2. P. 134, changed “Compare my Relation historique, t. i. p. 492, t. ii. pp. 653, 703, 6ith Richard Schomburgk” to “Compare my Relation historique, t. i. p. 492, t. ii. pp. 653, 703, with Richard Schomburgk”.
  3. Pp. 380 and 432, added missing footnote anchors.
  4. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.
  5. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
  6. Re-indexed symbol designated footnotes using letters and collected together at the end of the last chapter.
  7. Numbered footnotes were re-indexed and left in place.