The Natives of British Central Africa

INDEX

Abanda (Yao clan), 160, 253.
Abstinence from certain foods, 94-6.
Achikunda (Chikundas), 24, 61, 95.
Achipeta, 25;
their tobacco, 178;
their country, 281.
Adultery, 152, 265-6.
Agnatic descent (chilawa), 253.
Ajawa. See Yaos.
Alolo (Anguru), 24, 32, 33.
their tribe marks, 39.
Alunda, 25.
Alungu, 25.
Ancestral spirits, 48 et seq., 54, 62-66.
Angoni, 24, 29, 34, 35.
their prayers and sacrifices, 53.
harems of chiefs, 132.
chiefs order wholesale mwavi-drinkings, 170.
war-dance, 228.
migrations, 278-285.
raids, 283-4.
Animals as witches’ messengers, 84, 169.
in folk-lore, 231 et seq.
reserved for chiefs’ eating, 272.
Ants, white (termites), 22, 191;
used as food, 137, 192.
omens drawn from, 94.
Ant-eater, 17, 272.
Anyanja, 24 et seq., 277.
subject to Angoni, 29, 35, 272.
conquered by Makololo, 37, 268-9.
their worship, 63.
their chiefs, ‘old gods of the land,’ 51, 58.
villages, 99 et seq.
betrothal and marriage customs, 130 et seq.
burial, 156, and Ch. VII. passim.
tales, 231, 233, 238 et seq.
system of kinship, 253.
tribal organisation, 255-6.
raided by Angoni, 283-4.
Apodzo, hippo-hunters, 190-1.
Arrows, 187.
Astræa, myth of, 75.
Atonga, 33.
their beliefs, 56, 58.
burial customs, 157 et seq.
conquered by Angoni, 280.
Awankonde, 22, 34.
their beliefs, 62.
prayers, 63.
marriage ceremonies, 131.
Awemba (Babemba), 25, 71.
human sacrifices, 160.
corpses of chiefs mummified, 163.
Babemba. See Awemba.
Babies, 102 et seq.
Baboons, 17, 121, 183.
Bachelors’ house, 122.
Ball-game, 113.
Bantu race, 3, 27;
kingdoms founded by, 256, 259.
language-family, 27, 208 et seq.
folk-tales, 230 et seq.
Bark-cloth, 200.
Barnes, Rev. H. B., quoted, 92, 207.
Baskets, 197-9.
used in salt-making, 206.
Batonga (Batoka), 25, 42, 175.
Batumbuka, 24, 33;
their history, 285-6.
Beads, 44, 108, 153.
Beer (moa), mode of making, 138.
offered to spirits, 47, 52.
used for divination, 53.
brewed after funerals, 166.
supplied by chief during hoeing, 184.
to canoe-makers, 194.
Bees, wild, 23, 191.
Bemba. See Awemba.
Birds, 19, 20.
Blacksmiths, 145, 201.
Blood-guiltiness, curse of (chirope), 67-8, 265.
Boys, 119 et seq.;
sent to herd for Angoni chiefs, 35, 128;
their initiation ceremonies, 124-6.
Bows, 186.
Bread (native), 140.
Buffalo, 16-17.
Burial, 156 et seq.
Bush, character of, 8-9.
Bwalo (‘forum’ or village green), 139, 145-6.
(young men’s dormitory), 122.
Bwebweta (raving), 63, 65.
Calabar tale of tortoise, 239.
Calico worn by natives, 48, 107.
offered to spirits, 52.
sewn by men, 135, 153, 197.
draped over dead man’s house, 165.
Cannibalism, 85, 169.
Canoes, 194.
Canoe-songs, 217, 218.
Cassava, 177.
Chameleon, 72-4.
Champiti, head-man of Ntumbi, his narrative of the Angoni migrations, 282.
Charms, 79 et seq.
Chekusi, the Angoni chief, 35, 170, 284.
Chekusi II. (Chatantumba or Gomani), 35, 172, 219.
Chesinka, his dream, 46.
Chevalier, M. Aug., quoted, 63 (note).
Chibisa, Nyanja chief, 82, 258.
Chief, paramount, 255;
his powers, 261.
performs religious ceremonies, 56, 271.
owns land, but cannot alienate, 271.
installation of, 260.
Chiefs, women, 256.
of Batumbuka, anointed with lions’ fat, 285.
of Awemba, mummified after death, 163.
of Atonga buried above ground, 160.
Chieftainship, succession to, 258-9.
Chigamuka, Tumbuka chief, defeated Angoni, 286.
Chigunda, Nyanja chief, takes part in prayers for rain, 56, 76.
Chikulamayembe, Tumbuka chief, 285.
Chikumbu, Yao chief, supposed invulnerable, 82.
Children, care and treatment of, 104 et seq.
Chilwa, Lake (Shirwa), 5, 283;
salt-pits, 207.
Chimbwi, chief undertaker among Atonga, 162.
Chinsunzi, Nyanja chief, 255.
Chiperone, Mount, 7.
Chipetas. See Achipeta.
Chipoka, Nyanja chief at Mlanje, 47, 66.
Chiradzulo, Mount, 7.
Chirobwe, Mount, 7, 281.
Chiromo, 2, 5.
Chirope. See Blood-guiltiness.
Chiruwi (or Chitowe), 59, 60, 245.
Chiuta = Mulungu, 56-8, 72.
Chiuta, Lake, 5.
Clans among Yaos, 252.
Anyanja, 253.
Colenso, Bishop, quoted, 222.
Cooking, 136-7.
Copper, 8.
‘Coronation’ of chiefs, 260-1.
Corpses suspended on trees, 155-6, 159.
Creation myths, 70 et seq.
Criminal charges, 263.
Crocodiles, 20, 206, 244.
Crops, 176 et seq.
Cross, Dr. Kerr, quoted, 38.
Dances, 96-8, 116, 226 et seq.
Dancing-man, 221, 226.
Darning, 196.
Dead ‘go to Mulungu,’ 55-6.
Debtors, 267.
Dennett, Mr. R. E., quoted, 242, 249.
Digging-stick, 181.
Divination by flour or beer, 53, 64-5.
by moving sticks, 90, 92.
by lot, 93.
by knife, or three sticks, 94.
Division of labour between men and women, 134-5.
Divorce, 152-3.
Dogs, used for hunting by Angoni, 188.
wild (Lycaon pictus), 18.
Dolls, 69, 113.
Dreams, 46, 64, 187.
Dress of children, 105-7.
Drums, 224-6.
Duff, Mr. H.L., quoted, 115.
Dzonze, Mount, 7.
Ear Ornaments, 41.
Earthquakes, theory of, 56.
Eland, 17.
Elephants, 16, 186, 188.
in folk-lore, 233 et seq.
Elton, the late F. J., 16.
‘Empires,’ Bantu, 259.
Evil spirits, 61-2.
Family Affection, 146-8.
Fauna, 16-23.
Feast at end of mourning, 166-7.
Fences leading to game-pits, 189.
Ferns, 14.
Fire made by rubbing two sticks, 74, 167.
‘forbidden,’ 166.
due to witches, 88, 169.
First-fruits, 271.
Fish-spears, 192.
traps, 192.
Fishing-hooks, 193.
nets, 193
Flowers, 15.
worn as ornaments, 41, 108, 121.
Flute, 120, 222-3.
Food of infants, 105.
of older children, 108.
in general, 136 et seq.
how stored, 141.
Forge, 145, 202.
Fowls, 101;
eaten at wedding, 131.
Fruits, wild, 15.
Game-pits, 189.
fences leading to, 189.
Games, 111 et seq.
Gardens, 137, 177 et seq.
new marked out, 179.
Ghosts, 66.
Girls, their games, 113, 121.
their work, 119.
initiation, 126.
betrothed in infancy, 129-30.
Goats, 101, 119.
Gold, 8.
Gori (slave-stick), 267.
Government, 255.
Grain-store (nkokwe), 181, 182.
Graphite, 7.
Grass, 6, 7, 9.
bands of plaited, used in mourning, 157.
fired near lake, a criminal act, 267.
Grass-fires, 9-11.
Graves not visited, 154.
Groves used for burial, 99, 154.
Gun-medicine, 81-2.
Guns, 187.
fired at funerals, 158.
Hæmatite, 7.
Hairdressing, 43, 105, 107.
Hare in African folk-lore, 231 et seq.
Harems of Makololo and Angoni chiefs, 132, 269.
Harvest, 183.
Head-band (lisanda) worn by Yao chiefs, 260.
Henry, Dr., treats Chekusi’s mother for rheumatism, 170.
Herd-boys, 119.
Hetherwick, Rev. A., quoted, 55, 69, 175.
Hippopotamus, 16, 183, 190-1.
Hoes, 180.
Honey, 191.
Horns buried by witches, 82.
by witch-detective, 89.
Hot springs, 6.
House of deceased abandoned or destroyed, 165.
Houses, square, 100, 144.
Hunters, customs observed by, 187.
Hunting, 185 et seq.
parties, 186.
Husbands, native, 149.
Huts described, 100.
construction of, 141-2.
interior arrangement, 143.
Hyena, 18.
witches turn into, 84-5, 87.
in folk-lore, 236, 240, 244.
Hynde, Mr. R. S., quoted, 252.
Idols, 68.
Infants, burial of, 160.
Initiation—boys, 124;
girls, 126.
Insects, 21-23.
Interior of huts, 143-4.
Iron ore, 7.
Iron, workers in, 201.
Johnson, Ven. W. B. (Archdeacon of Likoma), quoted, 257.
Johnston, Sir Harry, quoted, 3, 16, 19, 20, 24, 28, 33, 34, 42, 66, 79, 86, 196, 223.
Junod, M. Henri A., quoted, 66, 78, 201, 223.
Kaboa, one of Ntumbi elders, 173.
Kambwiri, H., teacher of Blantyre Mission, 234, 280.
Kangomba, 48, 51.
Kankomba (Kangomba), Nyanja chief, 255.
Kapeni, Yao chief, 253, 258.
Kapirimtiya, starting-point of human race, 70.
Katunga’s, 5.
Keloids, 38-9.
Kidnapping, 275.
Kintu, Baganda myth of, 75.
Kirk Mountains, 7.
Klipspringer (gwapi), 17.
Knives, 201, 203.
Kumtaja, Yao chief, calls in Angoni, 260.
Land inalienable, 271.
Leopard, 18.
Levirate, 133, 167.
Leza = Mulungu, also = lightning, 58.
Lezi. See Leza.
Lightning personified, 57.
Lindsay, Mr. J., quoted, 97, 125.
Lions, 18, 62, 64, 86-7.
Lipepete Mountain, 7.
Livingstone quoted, 4, 6, 25, 36, 37, 56, 64, 174, 201-2, 256, 267.
Local head-men, 255, 270.
Locusts, 23, 46.
Lomwe, 32. See Alolo.
Loom, 155-6.
Luangwa River, 4, 25, 26, 42.
Luasi hills, 33.
Luchereng’anga = Mulungu, 71.
Lujenda valley, old home of Yaos, 257.
Lustration, after funeral, 162.
Lycanthropy, 86-7.
Lyke-wake, 157-8.
Mabisalila, witch-detective, 89 et seq., 263.
MacAlpine, Rev. A. G., quoted, 68, 85, 161, 166.
Macdonald, Rev. Duff, quoted, 48 et seq., 60, 65, 133, 227, 236, 240, 245, 247, 254, 266, 268.
Machinga (Yaos), 95, 258, 275, 284.
Madzimavi, son of Mpezeni, 281.
Magic defined, 76.
Magomero, 280.
Magwangwara (Zulus), 283.
Maize, 177;
how sown, 188.
Makalanga, 25, 277.
Makololo, 24, 36, 37.
chiefs, their harems, 132.
wholesale mwavi-drinkings, 170.
their despotism, 268-9.
Makua, 24, 39.
teeth filed, 42.
Malabvi Mountain, witch living on, 61.
Malemya, Yao chief at Zomba, 259-60.
Mandala, brother of Chekusi, 35, 172, 219.
Mang’anja. See Anyanja.
Mangoche Mountain, old home of Yaos, 58;
tribe, 258.
Manis. See Ant-eater.
Mankala game, 113, 146.
Mankokwe, Rundo of the Upper Shiré, 255.
Mapira (Sorghum vulgare), 182, 183.
Maples, Bishop, quoted, 253.
Mapondera, pounder of the mwavi, 171, 175.
Maravi, 25. See Anyanja.
Marriage, 128 et seq.
ceremony, 131, 134.
Masea, Makololo chief, 37.
Mashona, 25.
Masked dancers at mysteries, 98.
Matope, Yao chief, 53, 165.
Mats, 199.
Mausoleum, 164.
Mazitu. See Angoni.
Mbasi, spirit of evil believed in by Wankonde, 62.
Mbona, 60, 61.
Mbudzi, Chigunda’s sister, leads prayers for rain, 56.
Mchombwa. See Mankala.
Meals, 139.
Medicines (herbs and charms), 80 et seq.
shown to people by Chiruwi, 59.
Men’s work, 134-5, 197.
Metamorphosis, 84, 85-7, 240.
Migrations of Angoni, 278 et seq.
Minerals, 7-8.
Mlandu, 262.
Mlanje Mountain, 6.
Mlauri, Makololo chief, 37.
Moa. See Beer.
Modelling, 117, 120.
Moffat, Rev. Robert, quoted, 36.
Moir, Mr. John, interrupts mwavi trial, 174.
Monkeys, 17.
Mombera, Zulu (Ngoni) chief, 33, 279, 290.
his funeral, 163.
Morality, connection between religion and, 67-8.
Morambala Mountain, 1, 6.
Alolo living there, 32.
witch living there, 61.
Mourning, 156 et seq.
Mpambe = Mulungu, 55, 56, 57, 185.
Mpende, Nyanja chief, 26, 255.
Mpezeni, Angoni chief, 281.
Mphiyu, medicine eaten in order to turn into an animal, 85-6.
Mtanga, Yao spirit, 58, 70.
Mulungu, 48, 53 et seq.
name applied to spirits of dead when worshipped, 54, 62.
impersonal conception, 55.
as creator, 70-74.
driven from earth, 74.
sought by woman in Yao tale, 245-6.
Mummification of corpse among Awemba, 163.
Murchison Cataracts, 5.
Murder, 264.
of relation or dependent, how avenged, 67.
Music, 216-17.
Musical instruments, 221 et seq.
Mvai Mountain, 7.
Mwavi poison, 168, 171, 263, 265.
Mweru, Lake, salt swamps, 207.
Mwiko, prohibition, 94-6.
Mysteries, 123-8.
dances at, 97-8, 127-8.
Names, 103-4.
changed at mysteries, 126.
witches call dead person by his childish name, 88, 169.
Namzuruwa, Nyanja chief, 66.
Nchomokela, sacred hill of Batonga, 175.
Ndirande Mountain, near Blantyre, 8.
villagers of, 32.
tree with offerings on, 51.
haunted by spirit, 48, 51.
Neck-rests (pillows), 204.
Needles, 196.
Net-fishing, 193.
Nose-scrapers, 203.
Ntumbi, village of Upper Shiré district, 99, 133, 172.
forge at, 202.
head-men relate traditions, 280.
Nyambadwe Mountain, 7, 88.
Nyanja, language, 25, 210 et seq.
Nyasa, Lake, 2, 3, 5.
changes in level, 5-6.
origin of, 75.
Angoni pass round north end, 281.
Offerings to spirits, 52.
at graves, 159, 164.
eaten by undertakers, 159.
Omens, 94, 187.
Oracle of ufa-cone, 53, 187.
of sticks, 90, 92.
of lot (ula), 93.
Ordeal by mwavi poison, 90, 168, 175, 263.
people who die by it not buried, 160.
other ordeals, 264.
Owl, wizards’ messenger, 84, 169.
Palms, 14.
Pangolin. See Ant-eater.
Parents and children, 108-110.
Peden, Dr., 284.
Pelele (lip-ring), 26, 32, 40.
Pembereka, elder at Ntumbi, 101, 173.
died of mwavi, 173.
Pepper (Chile), 80, 140.
Periplus of Hanno, 10-11.
Piano (native), 223.
Pigeons, 101.
Pillows. See Neck-rests.
Pirie, Mr. George, quoted, 160.
Plaiting wicker-work, 197.
Poison used in fishing, 15, 194.
(mwavi). See Mwavi and Ordeal.
Polyandry, traces of, 257.
Polygamy, 132-3, 149.
Porcupine, 17.
Porridge, 136.
Potatoes (sweet), 177.
Pot broken at grave, 165.
Pottery, 204-6.
Pounding corn, 135-6.
Praises of the dead, 158.
Prayer, 49, 53, 62-3.
Prayer-tree, 62, 63.
Priestly functions exercised by chiefs, 271.
Priests (sacrificers), 270.
Property of deceased, how disposed of, 167-8.
in land, 271.
Prophets, 65.
Protectorate of British Central Africa, boundaries of, 1-3;
area, 4.
Pumpkins, 181.
Python, 21;
Yao tale of, 243.
Raids of Angoni, 284.
Rain, 10, 11, 179-80, 185.
prayers for, 51.
sent by Mpambe, 56-7.
people shouting for, 57.
Rainbow, 57.
Rain-charms, 77-80.
Rain-doctor, 79.
Ramakukane, Makololo chief, 37, 268.
Rats forbidden to some, 96.
in folk-lore, 243.
Rattles, 226.
Razors, 107.
Reid, Mr. J., quoted, 39.
Relationship, terms of, 254.
Reptiles, 20, 21.
Riddles, 121, 212-213.
Rod and line fishing, 193-4.
Ronga women’s ceremony for bringing rain, 78.
Roofs, 142.
Rowley, Rev. H., quoted, 29, 30, 31, 51, 55, 56, 60, 259.
Rundo (Lundu), Paramount Chief of Anyanja, 60, 255.
Ruo River, 2, 255.
Sacrifices, 47, and see Offerings.
Sacrilege, 165, 267.
Salt, 139-40.
making, 206-7.
Sandia, Nyanja chief, 26, 255.
Sansi, musical instrument, 222.
Saurian, extinct, model of, constructed at mysteries, 97.
Scott, Rev. D. C., quoted, 66, 95, 229, 272.
visited Chekusi, 254.
Seasons. See Rain.
Sebituane, Makololo chief, 36, 268.
Senzagakona, Zulu king, 278.
Sewing, 196.
Sharpe, Sir A., quoted, 207.
Shaving, 105, 107.
of hair in mourning, 166.
Shiré Highlands, 6-7.
River, 1-2;
name unknown to natives, 2;
flows out of Nyasa, 5.
Sipopo, Barotse chief, 36.
Slavery, 147, 272-5.
Slaves, murder of, 67, 265. See Chirope.
have a voice in appointment of chief, 259.
sacrificed at master’s death, 160.
Slave-stick. See Gori.
Smallpox, people dying of, not buried, 155. (See also note in Addenda.)
Smith, Rev. J. A., quoted, 53.
Mombera takes lessons from, 279.
Smithy (see Forge), 202.
Snakes, 21;
dead show themselves as, 64.
Sochi Mountain, 6, 46;
haunted, 51.
Songs, 216, 224.
Sosola cheats Angoni, 281.
Spider in African folk-lore, 74, 239-40.
Spirit-huts, 47, 48, 50.
Spirits propitiated, 46-49, etc.
kept in hut on Morambala, 61.
prayed to, 62.
possess and inspire the living, 63.
heard drumming and singing in Bush, 66.
Spoons (ladles), 139.
Stocks, 267-8.
Story-telling, 121, 230, 251.
String-making, 118.
Stringed instruments, 221-2.
Succession to chieftainship, 259.
Sugar-cane, 108, 176.
Sureties of husbands and wives, 132-4.
Tabu, 94-6.
Talismans carried by hunters, 188.
Tambuka. See Batumbuka.
Tatuing. See Keloids.
Teeth chipped, 41-43.
Temples, 63.
Theal, Dr. M’Call, quoted, 276.
Theft, secret, regarded with horror, 84.
punishment of, 264.
Thorn-trees, 15.
Thunder personified, 57.
Tingani, Nyanja chief, 255.
Tobacco, 178.
Torrend, Rev. J., S.J., quoted, 33.
Tortoise in folk-lore, 232, 239.
Traps, various kinds, 189-90.
sham, made by women to frighten hippos, 183.
Trees, 14-15.
sacred, 50, 52, 62, 101.
for canoe-making, 194.
Tribute paid to chiefs, 269-70.
Tshaka, Zulu king, 278.
Tuchila River, 7.
Tyolo Mountain, 7, 60.
Uncle Remus, 231 et seq.
‘Undertakers’ (adzukulo or awilo), 159, 161 et seq.
Undi, Nyanja chief, 26, 256.
Unkulunkulu = Mulungu, 54.
Unyago. See Mysteries.
Villages described, 99 et seq.
Volcanic action, traces of, 6.
Wailing for dead, 157-8.
War, burial of men killed in, 160, 289.
War-arrows, 187.
War-dances, 228-9.
Watch-huts in gardens, 183.
Weaving, 195-6.
Weirs for catching fish, 192.
Whale represented in mysteries, 97.
Whistles, 188, 223.
Widows, re-marriage of, 167.
Witchcraft, 84 et seq., 168, 266-7.
Women preside over religious ceremonies, 56, 77.
their meals, 139.
position of, 148 et seq.
work of, 135-6, 197, 204-6, 207.
Yao, captured and married by ‘Angoni,’ 133.
clean out wells to bring rain, 77.
chiefs, 256.
Wood-carving, 203.
Woodward, Ven. H. W. (Archdeacon of Magila), quoted, 22.
Yaos (Wayao or Ajawa), 24, 31, 51 et seq.
tribe-marks, 39.
tooth-chipping, 42.
special deities, 58.
come from Mangoche Mountain, 58.
notions as to blood-guiltiness, 67.
birth-customs, 112.
betrothal and marriage customs, 129 et seq.
man lives at wife’s village, 131.
language, 211.
tales, 234, 236, 239 et seq.
trace descent through mother, 252.
their old home in Lujenda valley, 257, 276.
five branches of tribe, 258.
Young, E. D., quoted, 283.
Zambezi River, 1, 3, 4, 25.
crossed by Angoni, 280.
Zebra, 9, 17.
Zinyao dances, 97-8, 127-8.
Zomba, 7, 98, 259, 283.
Zulu spoken by Angoni, 35.
Zulus, 34, 35, 54, 72, 129, 271, 277-8.
Zwangendaba, Zulu chief, 279.
Zwide ka’ Yanga, Zulu chief, 278.