- Aaron ben Elijah, 43
- Abarbanel, Isaac, 65
- Abaje, 34
- Abba Areka (Rab), 33
- Abbahu of Cæsarea, 31
- Abderrahman, 39
- Abeles, Lazarus, 79
- Abraham ibn Ezra, 49
- Abramowitsch, Shalom Jacob, 102
- Abulafia, Meir, 66
- Acosta, Uriel, 76
- Adereth Elijahu, 34
- Adler, Samuel, 110
- Ælia Capitolina, 22
- Agobard, 38
- Agrippa, 16, 17
- — II, 17
- Ahai of Shabha, 41
- “Aharonim,” 86
- Akedat Yizhak, 65
- Akiba, 22, 25, 26, 27, 41
- Albigenses, 63
- Albo, Joseph, 59, 64
- Alcharizi, Judah, 51
- Alexander I, 96
- — II, 96
- — Jannai, 13
- —, son of Aristobul, 14
- — the Great, 8
- —, successors of, 9
- Alexandra Salome, 13
- Alfasi, Isaac, 51, 66, 67
- Algiers, Chief Rabbi of, 67
- Alkabez, Solomon Halevi, 86
- Alkymus, 12
- Alliance Israélite Universelle, 106, 107, 111
- Alorqui, Joshua, 59, 66
- Alphonso X, 58
- Alsace, 55, 58, 74, 93, 103
- Ambrosius, 37
- America, 83, 99, 100, 109, 110, 111
- America, Early Jewish Communities in, 81, 82
- American Revolution, 82
- Amolo, 39
- Amoraim, 31
- Amram Gaon, 41
- Amsterdam, 75, 76, 81, 82, 100
- Anan ben David, 43
- Anatoli, Jacob, 65
- Anglo-Jewish Association, 111
- Antigonus, 9
- —, 14
- Anti-Jewish books, 38, 39, 73, 79
- Antiochus III, 9
- — IV (Epiphanes), 9, 11
- — V, 11
- Antipater, 13, 14
- Anti-Semitism, Rise of, 98
- Antokolsky, Marcus, 108
- Antony, 14
- Apollonius, 10
- Arabs, 35, 39, 48, 49, 58
- Arama, Isaac, 65
- Arbues, Peter, 60
- Archelaus, 15
- Arians, 38
- Aristobul, 13
- —, 13, 14
- Armleder, John, 55
- Artaxerxes, 8
- — III, Ochus, 8
- Aruk, 41, 51
- Aryeh Lob, 87
- Ascarelli, Deborah, 84
- Asch, Shalom, 103
- Ashe, Rab, 34
- Asher ben Yechiel, 67
- Auerbach, Berthold, 108
- Augustus, 16
- Austria, 79, 91, 92, 94, 95, 98,
105
- Auto-da-fe, 60, 61, 81
- Avignon, 57
- Azariah dei Rossi of Ferrara, 84, 85
- Babylonia, 7, 8, 31, 32, 33, 40
- Bacharach, Jair Hayyim, 87
- Bahya ibn Pakuda, 48, 64
- Bajazed II, Sultan, 70
- Balkans, 63
- Bamberger, Seligman Bär, 105
- Barcelona, Disputation at, 58
- Bar Kochba, Simeon, 22, 26
- Bashjazi, Elijah, 43
- Basle, Zionist Congress at, 99
- Bavaria, Mobs in, 93
- Bela IV, 62
- Benedict XIII, 59
- — of York, 48
- Benjamin of Nehawend, 43
- Berlin, 72, 75, 79, 81, 90, 100,
106, 110
- —, Treaty of, 97, 99
- Bernard of Clairvaux, 47
- Bernardin of Feltre, 56, 61
- Bernstein, Aaron, 103
- Besht, Israel, 78
- Bevis of Hampton, Sir, 84
- Bialik, Chayim Nachman, 102
- Bialystok, 96
- Bikure Ha-ittim, 104
- Black Plague, 55
- Blois, France, 48
- Blood-accusation, 47, 53, 56, 61, 78, 79,
98
- Bobo book, 83
- Boerne, Ludwig, 108
- Bohemia, 62
- Bonds, Annulling of, 54
- Brazil, 81
- Breslau, 56, 68
- —, Rabbinic Seminary at, 106
- Bruna, Israel, Trial of, 68
- Bulgaria, 97
- Byzantine Empire, 30, 37
- Cæsar, 14
- Cæsarea, 17
- Caligula, 16
- Callistus, 23
- Calvin, 73
- Capistrano, John, 56, 62
- Caro, Joseph, 65, 85, 86
- Carpentras, 57
- Casimir the Great, 62
- Cestius Gallus, 18
- Champagne, province of, 52
- Charlemagne, 39, 46
- Charles II of England, 75
- — III of France, 39
- Charleston, S. C., Reform Congregation at, 109, 110
- Charters, 46, 47, 62
- Chazars, 44, 49
- “Children of the Ghetto,” 103
- Chmelnicki, 78
- Cincinnati, Rabbinic Seminary of, 106
- Claudius, 17
- Clemens, Flavius, 21
- Clementina, 21
- Cohen, Joseph, 88
- —, Sabbatai, 86
- —, Tobias, 89
- Cologne, 56, 92
- Colon, Joseph, 68
- Conforte, David, 88
- Constantine, 29, 46
- Constantinople, Conquest of, 63
- Cordova, Jews in Caliphate of, 39
- Crassus, 14
- Cremieux, 100
- Crescas, Hasdai, 64
- Cromwell, 75, 81
- Crusades, 47, 57, 62
- Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, 30
- Cyrus, 7
- Czars, 96
- Dahlberg, Baron von, 92
- Damascus, Blood Accusation in, 98
- Dante, 65
- David Halevi, 86
- David ben Zakkai, 42
- del Medigo, Jos. Sol., 84
- Demetrius I, 11
- Dessau, 79
- Deuterosis, 30
- Deutsch-Israelitischer Gemeinde-Bund, 11
- Dialecticism (see Pilpul)
- Dio Cassius, 21
- Diocletian, 28
- Disputations, 58, 59
- Divina Commedia, 65
- Dod Mordecai, 44
- Dohm, Christian F., 91
- Dominican Friars, 63, 64, 66, 73, 74
- Domitian, 20
- Donin, Nicholas, 57, 64
- Donmah, 77
- Donolo, Sabbatai, 45
- Dramatists, Yiddish, 103
- Dreyfus, Capt. Alfred, 98
- Drumont’s “La France Juive,” 98
- Duma, 97
- Dunash ibn Labrat, 39
- Duran, Simeon ben Zemach, 68
- Eben Bohan, 65
- — Haezer, 67
- Eck, John, 73
- Edward I, 54
- Eger, Akiba, 105
- Einhorn, David, 110
- Eisenmenger, J. A., 79
- Eldad Hadani, 44
- Eleazar ben Azariah, 25
- — ben Jehudah, 68
- — ben Kallir, 45
- — of Modin, 22
- — bar Padath, 31
- Eliezer ben Hyrkanos, 25
- Elijah Levita, 83
- — de Vidas, 86
- — del Medigo, 66
- — of Wilna, 88
- Elisha ben Abuyah (Acher the Apostate), 26
- Ellstaetter, Moritz, 100
- Emden, city, 75
- —, Jacob, 88
- Emigration from Russia and Rumania, 99
- Emunot Wedeot, 42
- England, 54, 75, 82, 91, 95, 100,
110
- En Jacob, 85
- “Entdecktes Judenthum,” 79
- Eshkol Hakofer, 43
- Ethics, 76
- Ets Hayim, 43
- Ettlinger, Jacob, 105
- Expulsion of Jews, Arabia, 36
- —, Austria, 74
- —, Berlin, 75, 79
- —, Bohemia, 74
- —, England, 54, 75
- —, France, 57
- —, Germany, 56, 57
- —, Hungary, 62
- —, Luebeck, 93
- —, Portugal, 59, 60
- —, Spain, 60, 62
- —, Vienna, 79
- Eybeschuetz, Jonathan, 87, 88
- Ezra, the Scribe, 8, 32
- —, the Kabbalist, 69
- Ezriel, 69
- Felix, Eliza Rachel, 108
- Ferdinand of Spain, 60, 70
- — I of Austria, 74
- Firkovitch, Abraham, 44
- “Fiscus Judaicus,” 20, 21
- Flagellants, 55
- Fould, Godchaux and Achille, 100
- France, 37, 38, 39, 48, 53, 54,
57, 58, 68, 91, 98, 100
- Frank, Jacob, 77
- Frankel, Zechariah, 104, 110
- Frankfort-on-the-Main, 80, 92, 110
- Franzos, Karl Emil, 103
- Frederick II of Germany, 53, 65
- — the Belligerent, Law of, 53
- — the Great, 90
- — William III, 94
- — William, of Brandenburg, 79
- French Revolution, 94
- Gabirol (see Solomon ibn)
- Gamaliel II, 24, 25
- Gan Eden, 43
- Gans, David, 88
- Gaonim, 40, 41, 42, 43
- Gaza, Battle of, 9
- Gedaliah ibn Yahya, 88
- Geiger, Abraham, 104, 110
- Germany, 36, 37, 39, 46, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 68, 72, 73, 74,
75, 79, 80, 81, 89, 90, 91,
92, 93, 98, 101, 103
- Geronimo de Santa Fe (see Alorqui, Joshua)
- Gershom ben Judah (Meor Hagolah), 46
- Gessius Floras, 17
- Ghetto, 71, 92
- Ghetto novel, 103
- Goldschmidt, Meier Aaron, 103
- Goldsmid, Francis H., 95
- Gombiner, Abraham, 86
- Gomperz, Elijah, 79
- Gordin, Jacob, 103
- Gordon, Judah Loew, 102
- Goths, 37, 38
- Graetz, Heinrich, 108
- Granada, 49
- Grégoire, Abbé, 91
- Gregory I, 37, 38
- Gregory of Tours, 38
- Guenzburg, Aaron, 101
- “Guide of the Perplexed,” 50
- Habib, Jacob ibn, 84
- Hadrian, 21, 22
- Halakot Gedolot, 40
- Halberstadt, 79
- Halle, 79
- Hamaggid, 104
- Hamburg, 93, 109
- Hamon, Joseph, 70
- Hanina, Rabbi, 31
- Haschiloach, 104
- Hasdai ibn Shaprut, 39, 44
- Hasidim, 77
- —, Sefer, 68
- Hasidism, 77, 78
- Hasmonæans, 11
- Hay Gaon, 42
- Hayon, Nehemiah, 77
- Hazan, Hayim David, 105
- “Hazefirah,” 104
- Hechasid, Judah ben Samuel, 68
- Heilprin, Jehiel, 88
- Heine, Heinrich, 108
- Helic, Luke, 73
- Heliodorus, 10
- Henry II of Aragon, 58
- — III of England, 54
- — IV of Germany, 46
- “Hep-hep” riots, 93
- Heraclius, 30
- Herod, 14, 15
- — Antipas, 15
- Herzl, Theodor, 99
- Hezekiah, 14
- —, Gaon, 43
- Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden, 111
- Hillel, 23, 24
- — II, 32
- Hilperic, 38
- Hirsch, Baron Moritz de, 99, 112
- Hirsch, Samson Raphael, 111
- —, Samuel, 110
- Hisda, 34
- Hizuk Emunah, 43
- Hof-Jude, Hof-factor, 79
- Holdheim, Samuel, 110
- Holland (see Amsterdam)
- Homel, 96
- Hönig, Israel, 90, 92
- Horowitz, Isaiah, 86
- Hoshen Mishpat, 67
- Host Desecration, 54, 56, 72
- Huna, 33, 34
- Hungary, 62
- Hussites, 56
- Hyrcan, John, 12
- Ibn Ezra, Abraham, 49, 85
- —, Ganah, 39
- —, Moses, 50
- — Tibbon, Samuel, 50, 64
- Idumæans, 12, 13, 15
- Ikkarim, 59, 64
- Immanuel ben Solomon, 65
- Innocent III, 48
- — IV, 53
- Inquisition, 59, 60, 63, 80, 81
- Ipsus, Battle of, 9
- Isaac ben Meir, 51
- — ben Sheshet (Ribash), 67
- —, Bernhard, 90
- —, Don, 58
- — of Troki, 43
- —, son of Rabed, 69
- Isabella, 60
- Isaiah di Trani, 68
- Ishmael, Rabbi, 26
- Isidore of Seville, 38
- Islam, 36, 77
- Israelitische Allianz, 111
- Israels, Joseph, 108
- Isserlein, Israel, 68
- Isserls, Moses, 85
- Jabneh, School of, 24
- Jacob ben Asher, 67, 85
- Jacobson, Israel, 109
- Jacob ben Meir (see Rabbenu Tam)
- James VIII, 58
- Jannai, 45
- —, Alexander, 13
- Jason (Joshua), 10
- Jastrow, Marcus, 111
- Jerome, 32
- Jerusalem, Siege of, by Titus, 18
- —, by Hadrian, 22
- —, by Saladin, 63
- Jesuits, 71, 78, 79
- Jew Badge (see Yellow Badge)
- Jewish Colonization Association, 112
- — Propaganda, in Rome, 21, 29
- — Territorial Organization, 112
- Joachim II, Margrave, 75
- Johanan bar Nappaha, 31
- —, high priest, 8
- — ben Zakkai, 24
- John, King of England, 54
- — Hyrcan, 12
- Jonathan, Maccabee, 12
- Jose bar Halafta, 27
- — ben Jose, 45
- —, Rabbi, 32
- Joseph II of Austria, 91, 105
- —, Rab, 34
- —, Raphael, 77
- —, son of Samuel Hanagid, 49
- —, son of Tobias, 9
- Josephus, Flavius, 18, 45
- Joshua ben Hananiah, 25
- — ben Jehozadak, 8
- —, Jacob, 87
- Josippon, 45
- Jost, Isaac Marcus, 108
- Jotapat, Siege of, 18
- Judæo-Christian sect, 77
- Judah bar Ezekiel, 34
- — bar Ilai, 27
- — ben Samuel Hechasid, 68
- — Hadassi, 43
- — Halevi, 44, 49, 64
- — Hanasi, 27, 28, 30, 33
- — successors of, 31
- — Hayug, 39
- —, son of Hezekiah, 16
- —, the Elder, 64
- —, the Maccabee, 11
- —, the Patriarch, 23
- Jüdenfeind, 73
- Judenstaat, Der, 99
- Julian, the Apostate, 29
- Julius Severus, 22
- Justinian, 30
- Kabbala, 41, 45, 63, 69, 77, 84,
86, 87, 88
- Kalla, 40
- Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 65
- — family, 68
- — of Lucca, 39, 46
- Kapsali, Elijah, 68
- Kara, Simeon, 66
- Karaites, 43, 44
- Karben, Victor von, 74
- Kerem Hemed, 104
- Kimhi, David, 62, 63
- —, Joseph, 64
- —, Moses, 64
- Kishineff, 96, 102
- Kohut, Alexander, 41
- Kompert, Leopold, 103
- Krochmal, Nahman, 107
- Kuzari, 44, 49, 64
- Ladino, 63, 70
- Laimen, Bavaria, 90
- Landau, Ezekiel, 87
- Lateran Council, 48
- Lattes, Bonet de, 71
- Leeser, Isaac, 111
- Legislation, Mediæval, 53
- Lehman, Behrendt, 79
- “Lekah Dodi,” 86
- Lemberg, 78
- Lemlein, Asher, 72
- Leo X, 71
- Leon, Judah Messer, 65
- Leopold (Lippold), 75
- — I of Austria, 79
- Levi ben Gershom, 64
- —, Herz, 79
- Levita, Elijah, 71, 83
- Libman, Jost, 79
- Lichtenstein, Hillel, 111
- Liebermann, Max, 108
- Literary Activity in Europe, Earliest, 45
- Lithuania, 78
- Liturgy, 41, 49
- Locke, John, 82
- Loeb, Aryeh, 87
- Loewe Ben Bezalel, 85
- Longobards, 37
- Louis I of Germany, 39
- — of Hungary, 62
- — IX of France, 57
- — X of France, 57
- — of Hesse, 73
- Luebeck, 93
- Luria, Isaac, 86
- —, Solomon, 85
- Luther, 72, 73
- Luzzatti, Luigi, 100
- Luzzatto, Moses Hayyim, 87
- —, Samuel David, 107
- Lysias, 11
- Maaseh Tobiyah, 89
- Maccabee, Judah the, 11
- Machir ben Aba Mari, 66
- Magnesia, Battle of, 9
- Maimonides, 50, 51, 63, 66, 85
- Mammæa, 23
- Manuel, 60
- Mapu, Abraham, 101, 102
- Marannos, 59, 60, 61, 70, 72, 76,
80, 81
- Marcus Aurelius, 23
- Margaliot, Jacob, 73
- Margaritha, Antonius, 73
- Mariamne, 15, 16
- Marinus (see ibn Ganah)
- Martinez, Ferdinand, 58
- Massada, Siege of, 19
- Masseket Purim, 65
- Mattathiah, 11
- Mayence, 46, 92
- “Meassef,” 101, 103
- Medigo (see del Medigo, Jos. Sol.)
- Medigo, Elijah del, 66
- Medini, Hayim Hezekiah, 105
- Meir of Rothenburg, 67
- —, Rabbi, 27
- Meisels, Mordecai, 74
- Menahem ben Saruk, 39
- Menasseh ben Israel, 75
- Mendele the bookseller (see Abramowitsch)
- Mendelssohn, Moses, 90, 100, 101, 105
- Mendes, Joseph (Duke of Naxos), 70
- —, Gracia, 70
- Menelaus, 10
- Meor Enayim, 84
- Merovingian kings, 37
- Messiah, 33, 36, 70, 71, 76, 77,
86
- Metz, 91, 106
- Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 108
- Mezdzyrzecz, Baer, 78
- Midrah, 45, 65, 66
- Miklol, 63
- Ministers, Jews as, 100
- Mishnah, Compilation of, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34
- —, Commentary, 50, 64
- Mishneh Torah, 50
- Mizrahi, Elijah, 83
- Mob Violence, 29, 40, 37, 46, 48, 54,
55, 57, 62, 78, 79, 80, 93,
96, 99
- Modena, Leon, 84
- Modin, 11
- Mohammed, 35, 36
- Mohammedans, 29, 39, 40, 70, 72
- Molcho, Solomon, 72
- Monism, 76
- Morais, Sabato, 111
- Moravian Brethren, 73
- Mordecai ben Hillel, 67
- — ben Nissim, 44
- Moreh Nebukim, 50, 63, 64, 67
- Morteira, Rabbi Saul, 76
- Moses ben Maimon (see Maimonides)
- — ben Nachman, 58, 66
- — ben Uri, 75
- — ibn Ezra, 50
- — of Coucy, 68
- — of Leon, 69
- Nahman bar Jacob, 34
- — of Bratzlav, 78
- Naples, 37
- Napoleon I, 93
- — III, 100
- Nathan of Gaza, 77
- — of Rome, 41, 51
- Naxos, Duke of, 70
- Nebuchadnezzar, 7
- Nehardea, School in, 33
- Nehemiah, 8
- — Hakohen, 77
- Nero, 18
- Nerva, 21
- New York, 102
- —, Rabbinic Seminary of, 106
- Nicholas I, 96
- Nigrinus, 73
- Nikanor, 12
- Nikolsburg, 106
- Norway, 95
- Nuremberg, 67, 68
- Odessa, 96.
- Offenbach, 77
- Oglethorpe, James, 82
- Omar, Covenant of, 36
- Onias III, 10
- Oppenheimer, Moritz, 108
- —, Samuel, 79
- Orah Hayyim, 67
- Organizations, 111, 112
- Orzeska, Eliza, 103
- Ostrogoths, 36
- Ottolenghi, Joseph, 100
- Padua, School at, 106
- Palaggi, Hayim, 105
- Palestine, Character of Studies in, 32
- Pantheism (Monism), 76
- Parliaments, Jews as members of, 94, 95, 97
- Parsees, 28
- Parthians, 14, 28
- Paul IV, 71
- Payetanim, 45
- Peretz, Isaac Loeb, 102
- Perls, Joseph, 105
- Persecutions (see Mob Violence, Host Desecration, and Blood Accusation)
- Persia, 8, 30, 40
- Peter the Cruel, 58
- Petronius, 16
- Pfefferkorn, John, 73, 74
- Pharisees, 13, 21
- Philip, son of Herod, 15
- — IV of France, 57
- — V of France, 57, 72
- Philippi, Battle of, 14
- Philippson, Ludwig, 104
- Pick, Isaiah, 88
- Pilpul, 34, 87, 88
- Pirke, Rabbi Eliezer, 45
- Pius V, 71
- —, Marcus Antoninus, 23, 26
- Piyut, 45
- Podolia, 77
- Poland, 57, 62, 71, 77, 78
- Pompey, 14
- Pontius Pilate, 16
- Popes, 37, 38, 48, 53, 57, 59,
61, 70, 71, 72, 74, 93
- Portugal, 60, 76, 80, 81, 82
- Press, Jewish, 101, 103, 104
- Printing, 62, 71, 75
- Priscus, 38
- Propaganda, 20, 29
- Protestantism, 72, 73
- Prussia (see Berlin and Germany), 90, 92, 94
- Ptolemy, of Egypt, 9
- —, son-in-law of Simon the Maccabee, 12
- Pumbeditha, School of, 34, 40, 42
- Quietus, 21
- Quirinius, 16
- Rab (see Abba Areka)
- Raba, 34
- Rabba bar Nahmani, 34
- Rabbenu-Hakadosh (see Judah Hanasi)
- — Tam, 51, 52
- Rabbi (see Judah Hanasi)
- Rabina, 34
- Ramban, 66, 69
- Rapoport, Solomon Loew, 107
- Rashba (see Solomon ibn Adret)
- Rashbam, 51, 52
- Rashi, 51, 52
- Ratisbon, 56, 57
- Ravenna, 37
- Rebellion of Jews, under Trajan, 21
- Reform Movement, 109, 110, 111
- Reformation, 72, 73, 74, 78, 83
- Reggio, Isaac Samuel, 107
- Renaissance, 73, 83, 84
- Resh Galutha, 40
- — Methibta, 40
- Responsa (see Teshubot)
- Reubeni, David, 72
- Reuchlin, John, 73, 74
- Reyna, 70
- Rhode Island, 76, 82
- Ribash (see Isaac ben Sheshet)
- Richard Cœur de Lion, 48
- Riesser, Gabriel, 94
- Rieti, Moses, 65
- Rindfleisch riot, 55, 67
- Roettingen, 54
- Rokeah, 68
- Romano, Elijah, 71
- —, Solomon, 71
- Rome, 13 sq. (see Popes), 93
- Rosenfeld, Morris, 102
- Rosh, 67
- Rosheim, Josel, 74
- Rossi, Azariah dei (see Azariah)
- Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, 95
- —, Baron Nathan de, 96
- Rumania, 97, 99
- Russia, 96, 97, 99
- Saadya Gaon, 42, 43
- Sabbatai Zebi, 76, 77, 88
- Saboraim, 34
- Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von, 103
- Sadducees, 13
- Safed, 70, 86
- Saladin, 63
- Salman ben Jeroham, 43
- Salome Alexandra, 13
- Salomons, David, 95
- Samaritans, Conversion of, 12
- Samuel of Nehardea, 33
- — ben Meir (see Rashbam)
- —, Herbert, 100
- — Hanagid, 49
- — ibn Adijah, 35
- — ibn Hofni, 42
- San Benito, 60
- Sanhedrin, 24, 25, 33, 93
- Sargon, 7
- Schools, Modern, 105, 106, 107
- Schreiber, Moses (Sofer), 104
- “Science of Judaism,” 107
- Secular Education, Rise of, 101, 105
- Seder Rab Amram, 41
- Seesen, 109
- Sefer Hayashar, 52
- Seleucus, 9
- Seligmann, Aaron Elias, 90
- Selim I, Sultan, 70
- Semag, 69
- Servia, 97
- Severus, Alexander, 23
- —, Septimius, 23
- “Shebet Jehudah,” 88
- Sheeltot, 41
- Shepherd Crusaders, 57
- Sherira, Epistle of, 42
- Shesheth, 34
- Shtadlan, 74
- Shulhan Aruk, 65, 85, 86
- Sicarii, 17
- Sidra, 40
- Silbermann, Lazarus, 104
- Simeon bar Isaac, 46
- — ben Azai, 26
- — ben Gamaliel II, 27
- — ben Lakish, 31
- — ben Shetach, 13
- — ben Yohai, 69, 88
- — Kayara, 40
- —, the Stylite, St., 30
- Simon, the reformer, 10
- —, the Maccabee, 12
- —, of Trent, 56
- Sofer, Moses, 104
- Soliman II, Sultan, 70
- Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier, 66
- — ben Isaac (see Rashi)
- — Halevi (Paul, Bishop of Burgos), 59
- — Ibn Adret (Rashba), 67
- — ibn Gabirol, 49
- — Ibn Verga, 88
- —, son of Judah, 64
- Soncino family, 75
- Sonnenthal, Adolf von, 108
- Spain, 38, 39, 48, 49, 58, 70,
81, 88
- Spector, Isaac Elhanan, 105
- Speyer, 46, 47
- Spinoza, Benedict, 76
- Steinhart, Joseph, 88
- Steinschneider, Moritz, 108
- Straus, Oscar S., 100
- Stuyvesant, Governor, 76, 82
- Sullam, Sarah Copia, 84
- Sultans, 70
- Sura, School in, 33, 40, 42
- Sweden, 95
- Switzerland, 95
- Syria, 9, 10, 12
- Szold, Benjamin, 111
- Talmud, Burning of, 57
- —, Palestinian, 32
- —, Babylonian, 34, 46, 51, 52, 64, 67,
71, 84
- —, Travesty on, 65
- Talmudic Dictionaries, 41, 51
- — Literature, 66
- Tanaim, 27, 31
- Targum, 34
- Tarnopol, 105
- Tashbez (Simeon Duran), 68
- Terumat Ha-Deshen, 68
- Teshubot (Responsa), 40, 42, 46, 67, 68
- Theodoric, 36
- Theodosius I, 29
- — II, 30
- Tiberias, School of, 31
- Tineius Rufus, 22
- Tishbi, 83
- Titus, 18
- Toledo, 58
- “Toleranz-Edict,” 91
- Torquemada, Thomas, 60
- Tortosa, Disputation at, 59
- Tosafists, 52
- Tractatus, Theologico Politicus, 76
- Trajan, 21
- Trani, Isaiah di, 68
- Tremellius, Emanuel, 73
- Trent, Blood Accusation at, 56, 61
- —, Council of, 71
- Trigland, Jacob, 43
- Tryphon, 12
- Turim, 67
- Turks, 63, 70
- Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 112
- United States (see America)
- Uriel Acosta, 76
- Usha, Synod at, 26
- Usque, Samuel, 88
- Varus, 16
- Venice, 70, 71, 72
- Vespasian, 18, 24
- Vidas, Elijah de, 86
- Vienna, Congress of, 93
- —, School for blind and deaf mutes at, 106
- Visigoths, 38
- Vital, Hayyim, 86
- Volhynia, 77
- Washington, George, 82
- Weill, Alexander, 103
- Wenzel, King of Bohemia, 55
- Wertheimer, Samson, 79
- Wesel, Naphtali Herz, 101
- Wessely Hartwig (see Wesel)
- West India Company, 76
- William of Norwich, 47
- Williams, Roger, 76, 82
- Wise, Isaac M., 104, 110
- Wolf, Moses Benj., 79
- Wolfenstein, Martha, 103
- Wolkenburg Castle, 47
- Wollemborg, 100
- Worms, 46
- Wuerzburg, 47
- Yalkut Machiri, 66
- — Shimeoni, 66
- Yellow Badge, 48, 58, 71, 91
- Yezirah, Sefer, 41
- Yiddish, 63, 102
- Yoreh Deah, 67
- Zadok, 13
- Zangwill, Israel, 103
- Zealots, 16, 18, 24
- “Zemah David,” 88
- Zemah Gaon, 41, 51
- Zemstvo, Jews excluded from the, 97
- Zerahiah Halevi, 67
- Zerubbabel, 8
- Zebi, Sabbatai (see Sabbatai)
- Zion, Ode to, 49
- —, Lovers of, 99
- Zionism, 99, 113
- Zohar, 69, 88
- Zunz, Leopold, 107