INDEX

• Adams, George, 114, 128
• Adams, Henry, 81
• Adams, John, 165;
• History of, 200
• Addison, Alexander, Judge, impeachment of, 47–48, 139, 195;
• Federalist, 131, 132
• Adgate & Co., 104
• Allegheny County, 22, 23
• Allegheny County Courts, 157
• Allegheny County Militia, 74, 75
• Almanacs, 4, 165, 172;
• Cramer’s, 172–174;
• “Common,” 174;
• “Magazine,” 174
• Alsop, Richard, 197
• Amberson, Beelen, & Anshutz, 152
• American Coast Pilot, 182
• Amusements, 67–74, 186, 203
• Arnold, actor, 70
• Ash, Thomas, 181
• Ashton, Capt. Joseph, 95, 151
• Ashton & Denny, 152
• Audrian, Peter, 49
• Aurora, newspaper, 51
• Baird, Thomas, 96, 128, 130
• Baldwin, Henry, 96, 141, 148, 149;
• attacked by Pentland, 145, 146
• Balls, 68, 72;
• for Gen. Lee, 69
• Bank of Pennsylvania, branch, 93, 116
• Baptists, 95
• Barker, Abner, 116, 117, 132
• Barker, Jeffe, 116, 117
• Barker, Jeremiah, 117, 132
• Barrett, William, 121
• Bartholf, Francis, Baron de Belen, 152
• Bates, Edward, 145
• Bates, Frederick, 143, 145, 148
• Bates, James, 145, 148
• Bates, Tarleton, 96, 131, 141 ff.;
• duel, 142–150
• Bausman, Elizabeth, marriage, 125
• Bausman, Jacob, 30;
• varied career, 41–42
• Bausman, Nicholas, 41
• Bayard, Colo. Stephen, 5
• Beaujolais, Count of, 111
• Bedford County, 2
• Beelen, Anthony, 96, 150, 152
• Beelen, Francis, 152
• Beltzhoover, Melchoir, 41
• “Black Charley,” 39
• Blunt, Edmund, American Coast Pilot, 182
• Boat yards, 8, 40, 92
• Books, in households, 14;
• sale of, 14, 15, 27;
• interest in, 27;
• most popular, 169–171;
• Cramer’s publications, 189 ff.;
• contemporaneous history, 190;
• of local interest, 195–196;
• contemporary publications, 199;
• in Cramer’s bookstore, 199 ff.
• Bookstores, 95;
• first, 27;
• Cramer’s “Pittsburgh Bookstore,” 116, 163, 186, 188, 199 ff.;
• Christy’s and Wrenshall’s, 184
• Boyd, John, 15, 16
• Brackenridge, Henry M., Judge, recollections of Grant’s Hill, 71;
• account of horse racing, 73;
• on the Court of Allegheny County, 118;
• Views of Louisiana, 193
• Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, Judge, 49, 71;
• author, 26, 195, 197, 198, 202;
• Modern Chivalry, 26;
• political leader, 55;
• Fourth of July speech, 56;
• Justice of Supreme Court, 58;
• opposed to Brison, 58 ff.;
• and the Tree of Liberty, 62–63;
• and the Whisky Insurrection, 81, 106, 124, 195;
• Freemason, 95;
• residence, 97, 115;
• antagonizes soldiers, 115–116;
• candidate for Congress, 125, 198;
• attacks on, 133–134;
• and impeachment of Addison, 139;
• settles Gilkison’s affairs, 163;
• Bruce’s lines to, 196;
• satires on, in The Echo, 197–198
• Braddocksfield, 119
• Brantz, Lewis, notes on Pittsburgh, 9, 30
• Breweries, 78, 92
• Brickyards, 31, 92
• Brison, James, 58–59
• Bromley, actor, 70
• Bruce, David, author of political volume, 196
• Brunot, Dr. Felix, 48, 51
• Bryan, George, Justice, 118
• Building lots, value of, 98–99, 100
• Burr, Aaron, 57;
• election of, 165–167;
• suppresses History of John Adams, 200
• Business centre of the town, 164
• Butler, General Richard, 95, 122–123
• Butler, Colonel William, 95
• Calhoun, John, 117
• Calhoun, Samuel, 117
• Campbell, Colonel John, 4, 5
• Campbell, Robert, 34
• Card industry, 104
• Card playing, 67, 186
• Carlisle, 2
• Chapman, Thomas, 30–31
• Cheetham, James, 201
• Christy, William, Merchant, 107, 131–132, 154, 184
• Church records, 174
• Churches, German, 10, 93, 186;
• Presbyterian, 83, 93;
• Episcopalian, 93;
• Roman Catholic, 94;
• Methodist, 94–95
• City Hall, 50
• “Clapboard Row,” 127;
• political methods, 128;
• opposed, 131, 132
• “Clapboard Row Junto,” 127
• “Clapboardonian Democracy,” 127
• Clark, General George Rodgers, 141
• Clark, Josiah, 188
• Clothing materials, 64–65
• Coal, 7, 91, 92
• Cochran, Dr. J. B., 206
• Cochran, John Spear, 206
• Cochran, Mary, 206
• Cochran, Susan Cramer, 206
• Cochran, Zadok Cramer, 206
• Comforts and luxuries, 63–64
• Common Almanac, 174
• Commonwealth, The, newspaper, 138, 140
• Concerts, 69
• Constitutionalists, 140
• Coppinger, 78
• Cotton mills, 92, 93
• County jail, 24, 157
• Court House, present, 50;
• first, 117, 118;
• in 1800, 155–156
• Craig, Major Isaac, buys land in Pittsburgh, 5;
• starts glass factory, 32;
• Freemason, 96;
• tenement of, 106;
• Federalist, 131;
• Deputy Quarter Master, 142
• Cramer, Elizabeth, 189
• Cramer, Susan, 206
• Cramer, Zadok, 161 ff.;
• birth, 162;
• bookbinding, 116, 162–163;
• bookstore, 116, 163, 184, 188–189;
• publisher, 164–165,184;
• publications, 165, 167, 172, 174, 176 ff., 179, 180, 187, 189;
• opens Circulating Library, 168–171;
• partners, 171, 188;
• advertisements, 185;
• accuses Harris and Ash of plagiarism, 181;
• new lines of business, 185–186;
• printing business, 187;
• offices held, 187;
• farming and sheep raising, 188;
• travels, 189;
• meets H. M. Brackenridge, 193;
• mercantile instincts, 196;
• opposes moral wrong, 204;
• condemns horse racing, 204;
• on whisky drinking, 205;
• death, 205
• Cramer, Mrs. Zadok, 206
• Cramer’s Almanac, 172–174
• Culture, 3, 4, 26, 184 ff.
• Cumberland County, 2
• Cuming, F., Tour of the Western Country, 192–193
• Dancing, 67–69, 154
• Davis, Joseph, 131, 154
• Declary, Peter, 69
• “Democratic” party, 54
• “Democratic Republican” party, 54
• Denny, Major Ebenezer, 131, 150–151
• Denny & Beelen, 150, 151
• Dent, Julia, 153
• Dobbins & McElhinney, 110
• Dress, Freemasons’, 12;
• men’s, 65–67
• Drinking, 80–82
• Duane, William, 51
• Dubac, Gabriel, Chevalier, 48, 111
• Du Lac, Perrin, 64
• Dunlap (James) & Co., 155
• “Dutch,” 43, 44
• Echo, The, 197–198
• Education, in early days, 3–4;
• schools established, 14;
• higher, 17
• Eichbaum, William, 40, 41, 79
• Eichbaum, William, Jr., 188–189
• Emigration westward, through Pittsburgh, 6–8, 29, 175, 179
• Emmert, Mrs. Joseph, 206
• Emmett, Samuel, 30, 80
• English language, 38, 40
• English-speaking population, 38, 40
• Episcopalians, 93, 94
• Ewalt, Samuel, 41, 96, 104, 130
• Farmers’ dress, 66
• Federal party, opposition to, 52–53, 54;
• supporters of, 62, 76, 131–132;
• emblem of, 74–76;
• in the House of Representatives, 165
• Ferree, Thomas, 13, 157–158
• Ferries, over Monongahela River, 29, 42;
• over Allegheny River, 30;
• and taverns, 80
• Food, 63, 64
• Forman, Major Thomas S., 35
• Fort Fayette, 33
• Fort Pitt, 9, 10, 31, 33
• Fort Stanwix, 8
• Forward, Walter, 141–142
• Fowler, General Alexander, commander of militia, 74;
• republican, 75;
• left Republican party, 127;
• controversy with Gazzam, 128–130
• Francis, Tench, 5
• Freemasons, first lodge in Western country, 11;
• start temperance movement, 95–96;
• See also Lodge, 45
• French, 38;
• emigration of, 51–52
• French influence, 46, 51, 65, 199
• French language, 39
• French radicalism, influence of, 53
• Freneau, Philip, 26
• “Friends of the People,” 140
• Fulton & Baird, 121, 130
• Gallatin, Albert, 57, 162;
• glass factory, 32, 122;
• political honors, 46–47, 125;
• at Marie’s tavern, 49;
• on Western Pennsylvania, 52;
• candidate for Congress, 55
• Gallitzen, Demetrius Augustine, 94
• Gazzam, William, 121;
• controversy with Fowler, 128–130
• German church, organized, 10;
• conducts schools, 14, 186;
• treasurer, 42;
• followers, 40, 45
• German language, 39, 40, 45, 186
• German Farmers’ Register, The, newspaper, 45
• Germans, 38;
• organize church, 10;
• second in numbers to English, 40;
• confused with the Dutch, 43, 44;
• social intercourse, 45;
• establish newspaper, 45;
• and religion, 83
• Gilkison, John C., bookseller, 27, 163;
• prothonotary, 59, 163;
• starts library, 168
• Glass factories, 32, 92
• Grant’s Hill, pleasure ground, 49, 70–71, 77
• “Grant’s Hill,” tavern, 49, 50
• Gregg’s (Isaac) Ferry, 30
• Hall, Joseph, 14
• Hamilton, report on manufactures, 91
• Hamsher, John, 40, 41, 155
• Hancock, Richard, 122, 125
• Hannastown, 2;
• attacked by British and Indians, 11, 43, 58
• Harmar, General Josiah, 151
• Harris, Joseph, 157
• Harris, Rev. Thaddeus Mason, 181
• “Hartford Wits,” 197
• Haymaker, Jacob, 40, 42, 126
• Henderson, Rev. Matthew, 57
• Henderson, Robert, 30, 80
• Herald of Liberty, newspaper,62
• Herd, William, 121
• Herron, Rev. Francis, 83–84
• Hilliard, Elizabeth Bausman, 125–126
• Hilliard, James, 125, 126
• Horse racing, 72–73;
• condemned, 203–204
• Houses, construction, 31 ff., 101;
• numbered, 33;
• comforts in, 63
• Hufnagle, Michael, 43, 96
• Hughes, Rev. James, 190
• Hutchins, Capt. Thomas, 175–176;
• Topographical Description of Pennsylavnia, Maryland, and Virginia, 175
• Imlay, Gilbert, North America, 176
• Incorporation of Pittsburgh, 24
• Indians, the Penns’ dealings with, 6;
• treaty with, 8;
• attack Hannastown, 11, 43;
• recede westward, 13
• Industries, 91–93
• Insurgents, 71, 81, 119–120;
• conference with, 123–125
• Irish, 38, 55
• Irish, Nathaniel, 130, 153
• Iron industries, 91–92
• Irvine, General William, 123
• Irwin, Captain John, 96, 107, 154
• Irwin, William, 69, 96, 107, 154
• Israel, John, 62, 141, 187
• Italians, 38
• Jackson, Andrew, doctrine, 58
• “Jacobins,” 56
• Jefferson, Thomas, radical ideas of liberty, 53–54;
• reception of these ideas in Pennsylvania, 54–55;
• Republican dinner in honor of, 56–57, 108;
• presidential election of, 165–167;
• Notes on the State of Virginia, 200
• Jockey Club, 72, 79
• Johnson, John, 117
• Jones, Ephraim, 29, 80
• Jones, Samuel, 35, 108;
• on social life, 71–72
• Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., 148
• Justices of the peace, 101
• Kramer, Baltzer, 32
• Kramer, Christian, 32
• Land, sales of, 5–6, 100
• Lawlessness, 25
• Laws, 24
• Lee, General Henry, 59, 69, 115
• “Lee, Light-Horse Harry,” 59
• Lee, Rev. Wilson, 78
• Lewis and Clark expedition, 179
• Liberty, new ideas of, 53
• Libraries, private, 14;
• circulating, 16, 19, 168–171
• Liquors, 64;
• manufacture and sale of, 77–79;
• drinking of, 80–82
• “Lodge 45 of Ancient York Masons,” first masonic lodge in Pittsburgh, 11;
• observance of St. John the Baptist’s Day, 12;
• observance of St. John the Evangelist’s Day, 13, 108;
• meeting place, 78, 95, 155;
• temperance movement, 95–96;
• secretary, 108
• Louisiana Purchase, furthers trade, 90;
• and the Navigator, 179
• Lucus, John B. C., 47–48, 151
• Luxuries, 63–64
• McClurg, Joseph, 122, 128, 130
• McKean, Thomas, 108, 118;
• turns Republican, 54, 56;
• candidate for Governor, 57, 140;
• takes office, 58;
• recommends militia emblem, 75;
• Commissioner to meet Insurgents, 123;
• reappoints Tannehill, 131;
• vetoes revolutionary bills, 138;
• refuses to remove Brackenridge, 139;
• supporters and opponents of, 140, 141;
• alluded to by Bruce, 196
• McLane, D., 34
• McLaughlin, Alexander, 132, 153
• McMillan, Rev. Dr. John, 57, 81
• McNickle, A., 130
• Madison, James, 57
• Magazine Almanac, 174
• Magee, Samuel, 121
• Magee, Thomas, 121
• Mail robbed, 119
• Map of Pittsburgh published, 192
• Marie, John, 49, 50
• Marie, Mrs. John (Jane), divorce case, 50–51
• Marie’s tavern, 56, 75
• Market House, 155
• Market Street, 96–98, 99, 104
• Mechanical Society of Pittsburgh, 17–19, 78, 187
• Mellish, John, 181
• Methodists, 94–95, 201
• Michaux, Dr. F. A., 48, 50
• Mifflin, Thomas, 54, 56
• Military plan of the town, 30–31
• Military spirit, 74
• Militia of Pennsylvania, 74–77
• Modern Chivalry, by H. H. Brackenridge, 26
• Money, circulation of, 15, 28–29
• Montpensier, Duke of, 111
• Moore, Hamilton, Practical Navigator, 182
• Moreau, Jean Victor, 199
• Morgan, General Daniel, 69, 115–116
• Morrow, William, 12, 79
• Morse, Jedidiah, American Gazetteer, 176
• Mowry, Dr. Peter, 114, 132
• Murphy, Mrs. Mary (Molly), 122, 152
• Nail factories, 92, 93
• National currency established, 99
• National Gazette, 51
• Nationalities in Pittsburgh, 38
• Navigator, 174, 187;
• sources of its material, 175, 176, 178;
• various editions, 176–182;
• advertised, 177;
• local information in, 180–182
• Negley, Alexander, 41
• Negley, Jacob, 41
• Negroes, 38–39
• Neville, Emily Morgan, 144
• Neville, General John, Freemason, 95;
• residence, 105;
• offices held, 106;
• Federalist, 131
• Neville, Morgan, 48
• Neville, Colonel Presley, public offices, 105, 106;
• residence, 115;
• saves Brackenridge, 116;
• Federalist, 131;
• opinion of Democrats, 144
• New Era in 1800, 90
• New Orleans, steamboat, 189
• Newspapers, first, 14;
• German, 45;
• see also Pittsburgh Gazette and Tree of Liberty
• Nicholson, James W., 32
• “Office of Discount and Deposit,” 116
• O’Hara, Colonel James, 95, 120, 131;
• glass manufacturer, 32;
• brewer, 78;
• candidate for burgess, 105
• Ohio and Mississippi Navigator, 176–177
• Ohio River, navigation of, 7, 176–178
• Orleans, Duke of, 111
• Ormsby, John, 78, 95
• Ormsby, Oliver, 184
• Patterson, Rev. Joseph, 81
• Penn, John, 4–5, 6
• Penn, John, Jr., 4–5, 6
• Penn, William, 4
• Penns, the, 42, 98
• Pentland, Ephraim, editor, 138;
• attacks on Bates and Baldwin, 145–147, 149
• Peters, Judge Richard, 106
• Philadelphia, post route from Pittsburgh, 17
• Pipe manufactory, 92
• Pittsburgh Academy, 17
• “Pittsburgh Bookstore,” 116, 163, 184, 186 ff.
• Pittsburgh Circulating Library, 167–171
• Pittsburgh Fire Company, 24, 130
• Pittsburgh Gazette, established, 14;
• and politics, 56, 62, 133;
• contributors, 75;
• in religious revival, 85;
• owner, 114;
• Cramer’s advertisement in, 162–163;
• advertises Navigator, 177
• Pittsburgh Library Company, 171
• “Pittsburgh” manor, 5
• Pitt Township, 23, 28
• Plan of town, 4, 5, 30–31
• Population, in 1786, 9;
• nationalities, 38;
• in 1800 and 1810, 90;
• Protestant, 93
• Porter, William, 122
• Post office, 17, 114, 128
• Post route, 17
• Practical Navigator, 182
• Presbyterian Church, 9, 10, 83, 93, 94
• Printing offices, 187
• Protestants, 10, 93–94
• Public improvements, 98
• Publishing business, 164, 184–185
• Race horses, 73
• Reed, John, 79, 157
• Reel, Casper, 41
• Religion, 9–11, 82–83, 93;
• revival, 84–85;
• books on, 191
• Republican General Assembly, radical, 138–139
• Republican party, headquarters, 50;
• “Democratic Republican,” 54;
• rapid growth in Pennsylvania, 55;
• leader in Pittsburgh, 55;
• French influences, 55, 56;
• influence on dress, 65;
• spoils doctrine, 58;
• emblem, 75–76;
• dominant throughout country, 132;
• in national election, 165–167
• Richards, Charles, 39
• Richardson, Dr. Andrew, Freemason, 96, 108;
• conducts drug store, 107;
• political leader, 108;
• speech on Freemasonry, 108–109;
• left Republican party, 109–110;
• death, 110
• Riddle, James, 96, 121, 128
• Robinson, James, 30, 80
• Robinson and Ensell, 92
• Roman Catholics, 94
• Ross, James, trouble with Mrs. Marie, 50–51;
• candidate for governor, 50, 57;
• Freemason, 96;
• Commissioner to meet Insurgents, 123;
• political leader, 131, 132
• Roup, Jonas, 41
• St. Clair, General Arthur, 151
• St. John the Baptist’s Day, observance of, 12–13
• St. John the Evangelist’s day, observance of, 12, 13, 108
• St. Patrick’s Church, 94
• Schoepf, Dr. Johann David, 7
• Schools, 4, 14, 50, 186
• Schultz, Christian, on Navigator, 181–182
• Scotch, 38
• Scott, Dr. Hugh, 96, 121, 128
• Scott, John, 117
• Scott & Trotter, 120
• Scull, John, establishes Pittsburgh Gazette, 14–15;
• postmaster, 17;
• printer, 26, 187;
• residence, 114;
• attacks on Brackenridge, 133–134
• Semple, Samuel, 78
• Semple, Steele, 116
• Semple, William, 27, 115
• Shippinsburg, 2
• “Sign of the Black Bear,” 13, 158
• “Sign of the Cross Keys,” 57, 79
• “Sign of the Franklin Head,” 116, 164
• “Sign of General Butler,” 125;
• and social affairs, 68;
• name, 122;
• during Whisky Insurrection, 123, 124;
• political headquarters, 127
• “Sign of General Washington,” 34
• “Sign of the Green Tree,” 13, 34, 68;
• meeting place of masonic lodge, 12, 96
• “Sign of the Indian Queen,” 79–80
• “Sign of the Negro,” 122
• “Sign of the Sheaf of Wheat,” 153
• “Sign of the Waggon,” 68, 79, 157
• Six Nations, treaty with, 8
• Slavery, 38, 39, 41
• Smith, Thomas, 130
• Smith, Rev. Dr. William, 44
• Smith & Shiras, 78
• Smur, John, 126
• Snyder, Simon, 50, 51, 140
• Social life, 71–72, 77
• South School, 50
• Spanish milled dollar, 99
• Spear, John, 171, 188, 206
• Spoils doctrine, 58
• Steele, Rev. Robert, 13, 96, 129;
• dress, 66;
• appointment, 85
• Stevenson, Dr. George, 120–121, 131
• Stewart, Thomas, 147, 149
• Stores, 102, 103, 116–117, 120 ff., 150, 154 ff., 184
• Streets, 35, 98
• Sturgeon, Jeremiah, 57, 79
• Supreme Court, 118, 130, 139
• Swiss-Germans, 10, 38
• Tannehill, Adamson, 130
• Tanneries, 92
• Tavern-keeping, 78, 79
• Tavern signs, 33–35
• Taverns, 33, 68, 77, 78
• Temperance movement, 96
• Theatrical performances, 69, 70
• Thorn, William, 82–83
• Tinware manufactory, 92
• Town meetings, 102
• Town officials, 101
• Townships, 23, 28
• Trade, 7, 102
• Trade centre, 7, 29
• Transportation, 25, 93
• Tree of Liberty, established, 62;
• contributors, 75;
• office, 115;
• charge against editor, 127;
• in politics, 132, 140;
• in mourning, 149;
• advertises Navigator, 177
• Tree of Sedition, Blasphemy, and Slander, 56
• Trees, 33, 97
• Trinity Church, 93
• Turnbull, William, 115
• United States Mint authorized, 99
• University of Pittsburgh, 17
• Veech, Judge James, on whisky, 80–81
• Wallace, Judge George, 117
• Washington, George, President, 78, 123
• Washington County, 22
• Water Street residences, 105–107
• Watson, Andrew, tavern, 18, 117, 118
• Weber, Rev. Johann Wilhelm, 10–11
• Welsh, 38
• Western Gleaner, The, magazine, 193–195
• Westmoreland County, 2, 22
• “Whale and the Monkey,” Sign of, 34
• “Whisky Boys,” 81
• Whisky Insurrection, 29, 59, 106;
• cause, 25, 77;
• expedition against, 29, 59;
• at its height, 119–120;
• Government conference with Insurgents, 123–125
• Wilkins, John, 117
• Willock, Andrew, Jr., 153
• Wills, Alexander, 158
• Wills, James, 153
• Wills, John, 158
• Wilson and Wallace, sale of books, 14
• Winebiddle, Conrad, 41
• Wood, John, History of John Adams, 200
• Woods, George, 5
• Woods, General John, 125, 131, 132, 198
• Woods (Wm.) & Company, 155
• Wrenshall, John, local preacher, 84, 201;
• Farewell to Pittsburgh and the Mountains, 153;
• bookstore, 184
• Wusthoff, William, 41, 96
• Yeaman, James, 78, 158
• Yeates, Jasper, 123, 130
• “Young Messenger,” race horse, 73, 79