The Cambridge Natural History Vol. 3 (of 9)

INDEX

References to figures are printed in thick type (248, 197); to systematic position, in italics (391, 430)

Abralia, 391
Absorption of internal portions of shell, 259
Abyssal Mollusca, 374
Acanthinula, 441
Acanthoceras, 399
Acanthochiton, 403, 403
Acanthodoris, 434
Acanthopleura, 403;
eyes, 188
Acavus, 303, 304, 335, 441
Acera, 245, 430
Achatina, 278, 328–337, 333, 442, 443;
jaw, 211;
food, 33;
size of egg, 124;
A. fulica, 279
Achatinella, 278, 326, 327, 443;
radula, 234;
musical sounds, 51
Achatinelloides, 332
Acicula, 287, 296, 414
Acmaea, 405;
radula, 227
Acme, 414
Acmella, 314, 415
Acroptychia, 336, 414
Acrotreta, 504, 508
Actaeon, 250, 427, 428, 429;
radula, 217, 230;
streptoneurous, 203 n.
Actaeonella, 430
Actaeonia, 432
Actaeonina, 250, 429
Actinoceras, 394
Actinodonta, 447
Acusta, 306, 316, 318, 441
Adacna, 12, 297, 455
Adalaria, 434
Adamsiella, 414
Addisonia, 412
Adelphoceras, 395
Adeorbis, 416
Admete, 426
Aegires, 434
Aegista, 305, 316, 441
Aegoceras, 398
Aeolis, 10, 152, 432;
radula, 217, 229;
stinging cells, 65;
mimicked by Sagartia, 68;
warning coloration, 72
Aerope, 328, 333, 440;
radula, 215;
habits, 54
Aestivation, 25
Aetheria, 328–336, 452;
variation, 92
Africarion, 333, 440
Agaronia, 426
Age of snails, 39
Aglossa, 7
Agnatha, habits, 51
Akiodoris, 434
Alaba, 415
Alaria, 418
Alariopsis, 420
Albersia, 320
Albino varieties, 87
Alcadia, 348–351, 410
Alderia, 432
Alexia, 439
Alicia, 459
Allognathus, 441
Allopagus, 452
Alloposidae, 384
Alvania, 415
Alycaeus, 266, 302 f., 309, 319, 414
Amalia, 440
Amalthea, 78
Amaltheus, 398
Amastra, 443
Amaura, 411
Amberleya, 409
Ambonychia, 449
Amicula, 404
Ammonites, 247, 393, 398, 398;
sutures, 396;
aptychus, 397
Ammonoidea, 396 f.
Amnicola, 325, 415
Amoria, radula, 222
Ampelita, 335, 442
Amphibola, 10, 18, 439;
breathing, 151;
radula, 236
Amphibulimus, 352, 442;
radula, 233
Amphidoxa, 358
Amphidromus, 301, 305, 317, 310, 359, 442;
radula, 233
Amphineura, 8, 400;
breathing organs, 154, 168;
nervous system, 203;
genitalia, 145
Amphipeplea, 439
Amphiperas, 419
Amphisphyra, 430
Amphissa, 423
Amphitretus, 383
Ampullaria, 17, 416;
self-burial, 42;
spawn, 125;
breathing organs, 151, 158;
jaws, 212;
shell, 249, 263;
operculum, 268;
distribution, 294, 320, 322, 343, 359
Ampullarina, 302, 439
Ampullina, 411
Amussium, 450
Amycla, 423
Anabathron, 415
Anachis, 423
Anadenus, 24, 441
Anal glands, 241
Anal siphon, 164, 173
Anastomopsis, 442
Anatina, 274, 275, 459
Anatinacea, 458;
gills, 167
Anaulus, 414
Anchistoma, 293, 296
Ancilla, 267, 426
Ancillina, 426
Ancistrochirus, 391
Ancistromesus, 405
Ancistroteuthis, 391
Ancula, 434;
radula, 229, 230;
warning coloration, 72
Anculotus, 417
Ancyloceras, 247, 399
Ancylus, 19, 439;
breathing, 162;
hibernating, 27;
radula, 235
Aneitea, 325, 443
Angitrema, 340, 417
Anisocardia, 451
Anodonta, 259, 341, 452;
shower of, 47;
variation, 92;
Glochidium, 147;
gill, 167;
otocyst, 197;
nervous system, 206;
hinge, 274;
A. anatina, 24;
distribution, 282
Anodontopsis, 451
Anoglypta, 325, 441
Anomia, 257, 448, 464;
intestine, 241;
byssus hole, 262;
hearing, 196
Anomiacea, 448
Anoplophora, 451
Anostoma, 248, 266, 356, 358, 442;
aperture, 63
Anthracosia, 451
Anura, 424
Anus, 209, 241
Apera, 334, 440
Aperostoma, 344, 414
Aphanotrochus, 408
Aphelodoris, radula, 230
Apicalia, 422
Aplacophora, 9, 404;
radula, 228
Aplecta, 354, 439
Aplustrum, 245, 428, 430;
radula, 230
Aplysia, 245, 428, 431;
stomach, 239;
purple fluid, 65
Aplysioidea, 430
Aporrhais, 418;
radula, 215
Apricardia, 455
Aptychus, 397
Aptyxiella, 417
Aptyxis, 424
Aral Sea, Limnaea from near, 84;
Cardium from, 91
Arca, 14, 171, 273, 448;
eyes, 191
Arcacea, 448
Arcachon, oyster-parks at, 105
Arcestes, 397
Archidoris, 434, 434;
protective coloration, 73
Architeuthis, 378, 390, 390;
sucker, 381
Arcomya, 458
Arconaia, 307, 452
Arctic shells, colour of, 86
Arcuella, 422
Argiope, 470, 472, 479, 487;
parasite of, 485;
distribution, 486;
fossil, 501, 506, 508
Argiopidae, 506, 508
Argobuccinum, 420
Argonauta, 383, 383;
egg-laying, 127;
hectocotylised arm, 137;
radula, 236
Arinia, 413
Ariolimax, 441, 341;
radula, 233
Arion, 440;
shell, 175, 245, 246;
hardier than Helix, 24;
voracity, 30 f.;
egg-laying, 42 f.;
protective coloration, 70;
pulmonary orifice, 160;
food, 179;
smell, 193 f.;
radula, 233;
distribution, 285
Arionta, 341, 353, 441
Ariophanta, 301, 308, 309, 316, 440;
protective coloration, 70
Aristotle, on modified arm of polypus, 138
Artemis, 454
Arthuria, 403
Asaphis, 456
Ascoceras, 394
Ascoglossa, 11 n., 431
Ashford, C., on pulsations of heart in Helix, 26;
on homing of Helix, 35;
on dart-sac, 143
Asolene, 416
Aspergillum, 262, 459
Aspidelus, 329, 440
Aspidoceras, 399
Assiminea, 415
Astarte, 451
Asthenothaerus, 459
Astralium, 409
Athoracophorus, 443—see Janella
Athyris, 499, 500, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Atilia, 423
Atlanta, 421, 422;
foot, 200
Atopocochlis, 330, 441
Atremata, 511
Atretia, distribution, 486, 487
Atrypa, 501, 502, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Atrypidae, 501, 505, 508
Aturia, 393, 395
Atys, 428, 430
Aucapitaine, H., on tenacity of life, 38
Aucella, 449
Aulopoma, 157, 304, 414;
operculum, 269
Aulosteges, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 507
Auricula, 439, 439
Auriculella, 327, 443
Auriculidae, 17, 18, 260, 439, 439;
lung, 160;
eyes, 186;
radula, 235
Austenia, 301, 304, 440
Avellana, 430
Avicula, 254, 258, 449, 449;
eyes, 190;
genital orifice, 242;
A. margaritifera, 100
Aviculopecten, 450
Aviculopinna, 449
Axinus, 452
Azeca, 442
Azygobranchiata, 155, 407

Babinka, 447
Bactrites, 395
Baculites, 399
Baikalia, 290, 415
Baird, Mr., on the British Museum snail, 37
Balea, 442;
B. perversa, 24, 41
Baltic, fauna of the, 12, 83, 366
Bankivia, 408
Barbatia, 448
Barleeia, 415
Barnacle, Rev. H. G., on musical sounds, produced by Mollusca, 51
Barometers, snails as, 50
Bartlettia, 452
Basilissa, 376, 408
Basommatophora, 11, 19, 181, 438
Basterotia, 451
Bateson, W., on variation in Cardium, 91;
on hearing in Anomia, 196
Bathmoceras, 395
Bathydoris, 433
Bathyteuthis, 390
Batissa, 320, 453
Beddomea, 304
Beecher on phylogeny, 509
Beetles, prey on Mollusca, 58
Bela, 426;
radula, 219
Belemnites, 380
Belemnitidae, 387
Belemnosepia, 390
Bellerophon, 266, 407
Belopetra, 380
Belopteridae, 388
Belosepia, 386, 388
Beloteuthis, 390
Bembix, 376, 408
Benedictia, 290, 415
Benthobia, 377
Benthodolium, 377
Berendtia, 441
Beudant, experiments on Mollusca, 12
Bideford Bridge and mussels, 117
Binney, Dr., on epiphragm, 28
Binneya, 341, 441
Biradiolites, 456
Birds, devour Mollusca, 56 f.
Bithynella, 289, 293, 415
Bithynia, 336, 342, 415;
stomach, 239;
habitat, 25
Bittium, 416
Blaesospira, 346, 351
Blandiella, 16, 414
Blanfordia, 414
Blind Mollusca, 185
Blood, 171
Bodö, land Mollusca, 24
Boeuf and French oysters, 107
Bolma, 409
Boltenia, 346
Boreofusus, radula, 221
Bornella, 433;
stomach, 239
Borsonia, 426
Borus, 356–358, 441
Bourcieria, 357, 410
Bourguetia, 417
Bourguignatia, 332
Bouvier—see Fischer
Boysia, 302, 442
Brachial apparatus, types of, 500
Brachiopoda, fossil, limestone formed of, 492;
shell, 493, 497;
muscle scars on, 494, 501;
platform, 495;
synopsis of families, 503;
stratigraphical distribution, 506;
phylogeny and ontogeny, 509;
Orders, 511
Brachiopoda, recent, 463;
historical account of, 464;
shell, 465;
body, 469;
digestive system, 471;
body cavity, 472;
heart, 473;
excretory organs, 474;
muscles, 475;
nervous system, 478;
reproductive system, 478;
embryology, 479;
habits, 482;
distribution, 484;
classification, 487;
affinities, 487
Brachytrema, 417
Brackish-water species, 14
Branchiae, 151, 153, 164
Branchial siphon, 155, 164, 173
Braun, on self-impregnation, 44
Breathing organs—see Respiration, Branchiae
Brechites, 459
Breeding, periodicity in, 129
Broderipia, 408
Brotia, 305
Brownia, 133
Buccinanops, 423
Buccinopsis, 424;
radula, 221, 222;
egg-laying, 128
Buccinum, 6, 424;
radula, 217;
monstrosity, 251;
breeding, 129;
osphradium, 195;
spawn, 126
Buliminus, 24, 278, 285, 295 f., 316, 331, 339, 442;
protective habits, 70;
B. pallidior, 38
Bulimulus, 278, 334, 339–359, 442;
jaw, 211, 233;
radula, 233;
variation, 87
Bulimus, 278, 342–359, 355, 441;
radula, 233;
egg, 124
Bulinus—see Isidora
Bulla, 428, 430
Bullia, 155, 423;
habits, 192;
foot, 198;
radula, 221
Bulloidea, 429
Burrowing Mollusca, 446
Burying propensities of Mollusca, 27, 41
Busycon, 424;
money made from, 97;
egg-capsules, 125—see Fulgur
Butterell, Mr., on habits of Testacella, 52
Byssocardium, 455
Byssus gland, 201

Cadlina, 434
Cadoceras, 393
Cadulus, 376, 445
Caecilianella, 442;
habitat, 48;
eyes, 186
Calcarella, 133
California, land Mollusca, 280
Calliostoma, 408;
jaws, 212
Callistochiton, 403
Callochiton, 403
Callogaza, 408
Callonia, 442
Callopoma, 409
Calma, protective coloration, 74
Calybium, 410
Calycia, 320, 442
Calycidoris, 434
Calyptraea, 248, 412
Camaena, 305, 306, 315, 316, 441
Cambrian, Mollusca of the, 2
Camitia, 409
Campaspe, 433
Camptoceras, 302
Camptonyx, 278, 302, 439
Campylaea, 285, 289 f., 293, 441
Canal, 155
Cancellaria, 426
Canidia, 16, 305, 423
Cannibalism in snails and slugs, 32, 33
Cantharidus, 408
Cantharus, 275;
radula, 222
Caprina, 456
Caprotina, 456
Capulus, 412
Caracolus, 347–351, 441
Carbonicola, 451
Cardiacea, 454
Cardiapoda, 421
Cardilia, 454
Cardinal plate, 500
Cardinal process, 497, 501
Cardinalia, 408
Cardinia, 451
Cardita, 273, 451
Carditella, 451
Carditopsis, 451
Cardium, 6, 273, 455, 455;
C. edule, 12, 164;
modifications, 12;
variation, 84, 91;
nervous system, 207;
distribution, 292, 297
Carelia, 327, 443
Carinaria, 9, 422, 422;
foot, 200
Carinifex, 439
Carolia, 448
Cartusiana, 296
Carychium, 18, 439
Caryodes, 325, 359, 441
Casella, radula, 230
Caspia, 12, 297
Caspian Sea, fauna, 12, 297
Cassidaria, 420
Cassidula, 18, 278, 439, 439
Cassis, 255, 420;
radula, 223
Castalia, 344, 452
Cataulus, 157, 266, 304, 414
Caterpillars mimicking Clausilia, 68
Cathaica, 316, 441
Catinella, 443
Cavolinia, 158, 436;
eyes, 186
Cecina, 414
Cenia, 432;
breathing, 152
Centrodoris, 434;
radula, 230
Centronella, 499, 506, 508
Cephalopoda, 378 f.;
defined, 5;
ink, 65;
egg-laying, 127;
embryo, 133;
branchiae, 168;
osphradium, 195;
foot, 200;
nervous system, 206;
jaws, 213;
radula, 236
Cepolis, 349–351, 441
Cerastoma, 423
Cerastus, 331, 441
Cerata of Nudibranchs, 71, 159
Ceratites, 397, 398;
suture, 396
Ceratodes, 357, 416
Ceres, 21, 354, 410
Ceritella, 417
Cerithidea, 260, 417;
C. obtusa, breathing, 152
Cerithiopsis, 417
Cerithium, 16, 416
Ceromya, 458
Chaetoderma, 404, 404;
breathing organs, 154;
nervous system, 203;
radula, 217, 228
Chaetopleura, 403
Chama, 257, 272, 446, 455
Chamostrea, 458
Changes in environment, effect of, 83 f.
Chank-shell, fishery of, 100
Charis, 324, 442
Charopa, 319, 323–327, 441
Chascax, 424
Chelinodura, 430
Chelotropis, 133
Chenopus, 418
Chilidium, 498
Chilina, 19, 343, 358
Chilinidae, 439;
radula, 236
Chilotrema, 441
China, use of shells in, 101
Chiropteron, 133
Chiroteuthis, 385, 391
Chiton, 8, 153, 403;
egg-laying, 126;
breathing organs, 153 f.;
eyes, 188;
osphradium, 195;
radula, 228;
nervous system, 203;
valves, 401, 402;
girdle, 403
Chitonellus, 404, 404;
valves, 401
Chittya, 16, 348, 351, 414
Chlamydephorus, 333, 440
Chlamydoconcha, 175, 245, 453
Chlamys, 450
Chloritis, 306, 311, 319–324, 441
Chlorostoma, 408
Chlorostracia, 307
Choanomphalus, 250, 290, 439
Chondrophora, 389
Chondropoma, 346–355, 348, 414
Chondrula, 285, 295, 296, 442
Choneplax, 404
Chonetes, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Choristes, 420
Choristoceras, 398
Chorus, 423
Chromodoris, 434;
jaws, 212;
radula, 230
Chrysallida, 422
Chrysodomus, 423
Chrysostoma, 409
Cingula, 415
Cingulina, 422
Cionella, 442
Circe, 454, 458
Circulatory system, 169
Circulus, 408
Circumpolar species, 287
Cirrhoteuthis, 381, 382
Cistella, 467, 470, 472, 475, 476, 479, 480, 487;
larvae, 481, 483;
parasite of, 485;
distribution, 486;
fossil, 506, 508
Cistopus, 385
Cistula, 349, 351, 355, 414
Cladohepatica, 432
Clanculus, 408
Classification, 5, 8;
of Gasteropoda, 8, 11
Clathurella, 426
Clausilia, 442, 442;
mimicked by caterpillars, 68;
monstrosity, 251;
distribution, 285 f., 294, 305–318, 332, 339–356;
C. rugosa, 24;
scalaris, 278
Clavagella, 262, 459
Clavator, 335, 359, 441
Clavatula, 426
Clavella, 424
Claviger, 329, 417
Clea, 16, 305, 423
Clementia, 454
Cleodora, 436, 436
Cleopatra, 294, 328, 331, 336, 416
Clessin, on duration of life, 39
Clessinia, 12, 297
Clio, 436, 436
Cliona, enemy of oysters, 112
Clione, 158, 438
Clionopsis, 437
Clitambonites, 498, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508, 511
Clithon, 327, 410
Clydonites, 398
Clymenia, 397
Clypidella, 406
Cocculina, 408
Cochlicella acuta, 278
Cochliolepas, 77
Cochloceras, 398
Cochlodésma, 459
Cochlostyla, 124, 278, 313, 315, 441
Cockles, use of, 101, 118
Coecum, 247, 260, 417, 418
Coeliaxis, 334, 442;
habitat, 49
Coelocentrum, 353, 442
Coelospira, 505, 508
Cold winter, effect on oysters, 112;
on mussels, 116
Collinge, W. E., on growth and burial of shells, 41
Collisella, 405
Collisellina, 405;
radula, 227
Collonia, 409
Colobocephalus, 430
Colour of arctic shells, 86
Colpodaspis, 430
Columbarium, 426
Columbella, 423;
radula, 222
Columbellaria, 420
Columbellina, 420
Columna, 328, 330, 443
Cominella, 16, 424
Composition of shell, 252
Concha, 463
Conchidium, 497, 498, 500, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508, 511
Concholepas, 267, 423
Conidea, 423
Conocardium, 455
Conorbis, 426
Conus, 247, 275, 426;
poisonous bite, 65;
tooth, 66;
shell, 69, 255, 260;
mimicked by Strombus, 69;
prices given for rare, 121;
spawn, 125;
radula, 218, 220;
operculum, 269
Cookia, 409
Coptochilus, 314, 414
Coralliophaga, 451
Coralliophila, 75, 423
Coralliophilidae, radula, 216
Corambe, 434
Corasia, 311, 319–321
Corbicula, 15, 288, 292 f., 453
Corbis, 452
Corbula, 456
Corilla, 303
Corona, 27, 442
Coronaria, 297
Coryda, 346–351, 441
Coryphella, 432
Cosmoceras, 399
Cowry used as money, 96
Coyote trapped by Haliotis, 57
Cranchia, 391
Crania, 464, 467, 468, 469, 471, 472, 473, 475, 476, 477, 487;
distribution, 485;
fossil, 493, 494, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 507, 508, 510
Craniidae, 487, 496, 504, 508
Cranopsis, 265, 406
Craspedochiton, 403
Craspedopoma, 298, 414
Craspedostoma, 408
Crassatella, 451
Cratena, 432
Crawling of Helix, 45
Cremnoconchus, 16, 302, 413
Crenatula, 75, 449
Crenella, 449
Crenipecten, 450
Crepidula, 248, 257, 412, 412;
parasitic, 78
Crepipatella, 248, 412
Creseis, 436, 436;
eyes, 186
Crimora, 434;
radula, 229
Crioceras, 247, 399, 399
Cristigibba, 311, 319, 320, 441
Crossostoma, 408
Crucibulum, 248, 412
Cryptochiton, 245, 371, 402, 404
Cryptochorda, 425
Cryptoconchus, 404
Cryptophthalmus, 430
Cryptostracon, 353, 441
Ctenidia, 151—see Branchiae
Ctenopoma, 346–351, 414
Cucullaea, 274, 448
Cultellus, 457
Cuma, 423
Cumingia, 453
Cuspidaria, 459;
branchiae, 168
Cuvierina, 436, 436
Cyane, 410
Cyathopoma, 247, 268, 314, 338, 414
Cyclas, 453;
veliger, 132;
ova, 146;
otocyst, 197;
C. cornea, thread-spinning, 29;
distribution, 282
Cyclina, 454
Cyclobranchiata, 156
Cyclocantha, 409
Cyclomorpha, 414
Cyclonassa, 423
Cyclonema, 409
Cyclophoridae, origin, 21
Cyclophorus, 302, 306–319, 329–334, 344, 352–358, 414;
jaws, 212;
radula, 21
Cyclostoma, 328, 331–338, 414, 414;
stomach, 239;
vision, 184;
osphradium, 195;
nervous system, 205;
C. elegans, 287, 288
Cyclostomatidae, origin, 21;
radula, 224;
gait, 199
Cyclostrema, 408
Cyclosurus, 247, 337, 414
Cyclotopsis, 338, 414
Cyclotus, 296, 319, 320, 414
Cylichna, 428, 430;
radula, 215
Cylindrella, 247, 260, 278, 343–355, 348, 442;
monstrosity, 251, 252
Cylindrellidae, radula, 233, 234
Cylindrites, 430
Cylindrobulla, 430
Cylindromitra, 425;
radula, 222
Cymbium, 255, 367, 425;
radula, 221
Cymbulia, 437
Cymbuliopsis, 437
Cynodonta, 424
Cyphoma, 419
Cypraea, 178, 419;
prices given for rare, 122;
mantle-lobes, 177, 178;
radula, 224;
shell, 255, 260, 261;
C. moneta, 96
Cypraecassis, 420
Cypraedia, 419
Cypraeovula, 419
Cyprimeria, 454
Cyprina, 451
Cyrena, 15, 453;
distribution, 285, 294
Cyrenella, 453
Cyrtia, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Cyrtoceras, 394
Cyrtodaria, 457
Cyrtodonta, 452
Cyrtolites, 407
Cyrtonotus, 448
Cyrtotoma, 414
Cysticopsis, 346–351, 441
Cystiscus, 425
Cystopelta, 325, 326, 440
Cytherea, 454, 454

Dacrydium, 449
Daedalochila, 441
Dall, W. H., quoted, 35;
on branchiae, 164
Damayantia, 440
Daphnella, 426
Darbyshire, R. D., on tenacity of life, 39
Dardania, 415
Dart-sac, 142
Daudebardia, 289, 292 f., 440
Davidsonia, 505, 508
Dawsonella, 410
Dayia, 505, 508
Decapoda, 385 f.
Decollation, 260
Deep-sea Mollusca, 374
De Folin, experiment on Cyclostoma, 157
Deianira, 410
Delage, experiments on otocysts, 197
Delphinula, 409
Deltidium, 499
Dendronotus, 433;
protective coloration, 72;
habits, 51
Dentalium, 6, 444, 445;
used as money, 97;
veliger, 131;
radula, 228
Dentellaria, 350–355, 441;
aperture, 63
Desert species, 25, 85
Deshayesia, 411
Desmoulea, 423
Development of fertilised ovum, 130 f.
Dexiobranchaea, 437
Diadema, 414
Diala, 415
Dialeuca, 441
Diaphora, 314
Diaphorostoma, 412
Diastema, 418
Diastoma, 417
Diaulula, 434
Dibaphus, 425
Dibranchiata, 380;
eye, 183;
nervous system, 207
Diceras, 269, 455
Didaena, 12, 297, 455
Differences of sex, 133
Dignomia, 511
Digonopora, 134, 144
Diloma, 408
Dimorphoptychia, 410
Dimya, 450
Dinobolus, 504, 508
Dinoplax, 403
Ditocardia, 9, 170, 405 f.
Diplodonta, 452
Diplommatina, 302–327, 413
Diplomphalus, 322, 323, 440
Diplopoma, 346, 351, 414
Dipsaccus, 424
Dipsas, 307
Discina, 464, 468, 471, 475, 487;
distribution, 485;
fossil, 493, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508
Discinidae, 487, 496, 504, 508, 511
Discinisca, 487, 510;
distribution, 485, 486
Discites, 395
Discodoris, 434
Discosorus, 394
Distortio, 255—see Persona
Ditropis, 312, 314, 414
Docoglossa, 227, 405
Dolabella, 428, 431
Dolabrifer, 431
Dolium, 419;
acid secretion, 237
Donax, 269, 446, 453
Dondersia, 404
Dorcasia, 333, 441
Doridium, 430
Doridunculus, 434;
radula, 229
Doriopsis, 434
Doris, breathing organs, 159;
radula, 230
Dorsanum, 423
Dosidicus, 390
Dosinia, 454
Doto, 433;
protective coloration, 71
Dreissensia, 14, 123, 452;
hibernation, 26;
singular habitat, 48;
veliger, 132, 146;
eyes, 192
Dreissensiomya, 452
Drepania, 434
Drillia, 426
Drymaeus, 356, 442
Dryptus, 356, 441
Durgella, 301, 304, 440
Dwarf varieties, 88
Dybowskia, 290

Eastonia, 454
Eburna, 267, 424;
radula, 220
Ecardines, 466;
muscles, 476;
fossil, 493;
families, 487, 503, 508
Eccyliomphalus, 413
Echinospira, 133
Edentulina, 338
Egg-laying of Arion, 42 f.;
of Mollusca generally, 123
Eglisia, 411
Eider-duck, shells used by, 102
Elaea, 322, 440
Elasmoneura, 411
Eledone, 385, 385;
radula, 236
Elizia, 456
Elysia, 432;
protective coloration, 73;
breathing, 152;
radula, 217, 230, 432
Emarginula, 265, 406
Embletonia, 429
Emmericia, 415
Ena, 296, 442
Enaeta, 425
Endoceras, 394
Endodonta, 325, 334, 441
Engina, 424
Enida, 408
Ennea, 298, 302, 306, 309, 314, 316, 328–337, 440, 440;
habits, 54;
E. bicolor, 279
Enoplochiton, 403, 403
Enoploteuthis, 391
Ensis, 457
Entocolax, 77, 79, 152
Entoconcha, 77, 79, 152, 216
Entovalva, 77, 82
Ephippodonta, 453;
commensal, 81
Epidromus, 420
Epiphragm, 26, 27 f.
Epipodia, 427
Erato, 419
Eremophila, 294
Ergaea, 248, 412
Erinna, 327, 439
Erosion, 276
Ervilia, 454
Erycina, 453
Escargotières, 119
Estria, 329, 440
Estuarine species, 14
Ethalia, 409
Eucalodium, 260, 353, 442
Euchelus, 408
Euchrysallis, 420
Eudioptus, 442
Eudoxochiton, 403
Euhadra, 316, 318, 441
Eulamellibranchiata, 451;
gill, 166, 167
Eulima, 422;
parasitic, 77, 79
Eulimella, 250, 422
Eulota, 296, 441
Euomphalus, 247, 413
Euplecta, 440
Eupleura, 423
Euplocamus, 434
Eurybia, 438
Eurycampta, 346–351
Eurycratera, 349, 351, 441
Eurystoma, 304
Eurytus, 442
Euthria, 424
Euthyneura, 203
Eutrochatella, 347–351, 348, 410
Exploring expeditions, 362
Eye in Mollusca, 181 f.

Facelina, 432
Fasciolaria, 424;
radula, 221
Fastigiella, 416
Favorinus, 432
Fenella, 415
Fertilised ovum, development, 130 f.
Ferussacia, 291, 293, 297 f., 442
Fiji islanders, use of shells, 98
Filibranchiata, 448;
gill, 166
Fiona, 432;
radula, 217
Firoloida, 421
Fischer and Bouvier, on breathing of Ampullaria, 158
Fischeria, 15, 328, 453
Fish devour Mollusca, 59
Fissurella, 265, 406;
breathing organs, 153;
apical hole, 156;
nervous system, 204;
radula, 227;
growth, 261
Fissurellidaea, 406
Fissuridea, 406
Fissurisepta, 406
Fistulana, 262, 457
Flabellina, 432
Fluminicola, 415
Folinia, 415
Food of Mollusca, 30 f.;
Mollusca as food, 102 f.
Foot, 198;
in classification, 5
Forel, on deep-water Limnaea, 162
Formation of shell, 255
Fortisia, 429
Fossarina, 413
Fossarulus, 302, 415
Fossarus, 413
Fourth orifice in mantle, 174
Fresh-water species living in sea, 12;
frozen hard, 24
Frogs and toads devour Mollusca, 58
Fruticicola, 285, 290, 316, 318, 441
Fruticocampylaea, 296
Fryeria, 434
Fulgur, 249, 424
Fusispira, 420
Fusus, 262, 424

Gadinia, 152, 431;
breathing, 18, 151;
classification, 19;
radula, 217, 230
Gain, W. A., quoted, 32, 33, 39;
on taste of Mollusca, 179
Galatea, 15, 328, 336, 453
Galeomma, 175, 453
Galerus, 248, 412;
egg-capsules, 125
Garstang, W., on protective and warning coloration, 73
Gaskoin, on tenacity of life, 38;
on egg-laying, 42
Gassies, on hybrid union in snails, 130
Gasteropoda, on classification, 8, 11, 400 f.
Gastrana, 453
Gastrochaena, 457;
habits, 64
Gastrodonta, 440
Gastropteron, 245, 430
Gaza, 376, 408
Gena, 246, 408
Genea, 424
Genotia, 426
Geomalacus, 160, 288, 291, 441;
protective coloration, 70
Geomelania, 16, 348, 351, 414
Georgia, 331, 414
Georissa, 318, 410
Geostilbia, 338, 442
Gerontia, 441
Gerstfeldtia, 290
Gibbula, 408
Gibbus, 328–338, 440, 440
Gillia, 415
Gills—see Branchiae
Girasia, 301, 304, 440
Glandina, 54, 178, 278, 292 f., 339–355, 440;
radula, 231, 232;
habits, 53
Glands, germ, 134, 140;
nidamental, 136
Glassia, 501, 505
Glaucomya, 320, 454
Glaucus, 429, 432
Gleba, 437
Glessula, 301, 309, 310, 333, 442
Glochidium, 147
Glomus, 448
Glossoceras, 394
Glossophora, 7
Glottidia, distribution, 485, 487
Glycimeris, 457
Glyphis, 406
Glyptostoma, 341, 441
Gomphoceras, 394, 395
Gonatus, 391
Goniatites, 397, 398
Goniobasis, 341, 417
Goniodoris, 434;
protective coloration, 73;
radula, 229
Goniomya, 458
Gonostoma, 291, 316, 441
Goniostomus, 442
Grammysia, 459
Grateloupia, 454
Great Eastern and mussels, 116
Greenhouses, slugs in, 35
Green oysters, 108
Gresslya, 458
Growth of shell, 40, 257
Guesteria, 440
Guildfordia, 409
Guivillea, 186, 376, 425
Gulls and Mollusca, 56
Gundlachia, 19, 325, 345, 352, 359, 439
Gymnoglossa, 216, 225, 422
Gymnosomata, 437
Gyroceras, 247, 395
Gyrotoma, 417

Hadra, 306, 315, 319–325, 322, 441
Hadriania, 423
Haemoglobin, 171
Hainesia, 336, 414
Halia, 366, 426
Haliotinella, 431
Haliotis, 266, 407;
and coyote, 57;
holes of, 156;
osphradium, 195;
epipodium, 199;
nervous system, 204;
radula, 215, 226
Halopsyche, 159, 438, 438
Haminea, 428, 430;
protective coloration, 73
Hamites, 399
Hamulina, 399
Hanleyia, 403
Hapalus, 331, 442
Harpa, radula, 425, 216, 221;
self-mutilation, 45
Harpagodes, 418
Harpoceras, 399
Harvella, 454
Hatching of eggs, 43
Hazay, on duration of life, 39;
on variation in Limnaea, 93
Hearing powers of Mollusca, 196
Heart, in classification, 9;
action during hibernation, 26;
and branchiae, 169
Hectocotylus arm, 137 f.
Helcion, 405;
protective coloration, 69
Helcioniscus, 405
Hele, F. M., on Hyalinia, 33;
on Stenogyra, 34
Helicarion, 309, 316, 325, 332, 440;
radula, 232;
habits, 45, 67
Helicidae, radula, 232, 234
Helicina, 305, 306, 316–327, 338–358, 410;
origin, 21;
exterminated by cold, 24
Helicophanta, 335, 336, 441, 441
Heligmus, 449
Helix, 441;
toothed aperture, 63;
protective coloration, 70;
variation, 87;
carbonic acid, 163;
eye, 181, 183;
food, 179;
smell, 194;
jaw, 211;
distribution, 285;
tenacity of life, 37;
breeding, 129
Helix alternata, 340;
angulata, 350;
aperta, 38, 39, 51, 293;
arbustorum, bathing, 23;
caperata, variation, 89;
cereolus, 340;
cicatricosa, 316;
crenilabris, 45;
delphinuloides, 297;
desertorum, 37, 38, 70, 294;
fidelis, 341;
haemastoma, habits, 70;
harpa, 287;
hortensis, 10, 279;
pulsations, 26;
epiphragm, 28;
rock-boring, 49;
dart, 143;
imperator, 347;
habits, 45;
laciniosa, 297;
lactea, 25, 38, 42, 279;
lima, 350;
muscarum, 347;
nemoralis, 38, 180;
niciensis, 292;
nux denticulata, 350;
palliata, 340;
pisana, 25;
habits, 33;
pomatia, 25, 34, 40;
eye, 181;
pomum, 322;
pulchella, 279;
richmondiana, 322;
rosacea, 259;
rostrata, 347;
rota, 314;
rufescens, pulsations, 26;
similaris, 279;
souverbiana, 336, 441;
strigata, 293;
tristis, habits, 49;
turricula, 297;
Veatchii, 38;
Waltoni, 304;
Wollastoni, 297;
zonata, 293
Helix aspersa, homing, 35;
smell, 36;
duration of life, 39;
growth, 40;
strength, 45;
boring rock, 50;
variation, 87, 89;
eaten, 119;
hybrid union, 130;
generative organs, 140 f., 141;
dart-sac, 143;
pulmonary chamber, 160;
radula, 217;
alimentary canal, 237;
monstrosities, 251, 252;
growth, 258;
distribution, 279, 289
Hemiarthrum, 403
Hemicardium, 455
Hemidonax, 453
Hemifusus, 424
Hemipecten, 450
Hemiplecta, 310, 316, 319, 321, 440
Hemisepius, 389
Hemisinus, 357, 417
Hemitoma, 265
Hemitrichia, 314
Hemitrochus, 346–351, 441
Hemphillia, 245, 341, 441
Hercoceras, 395
Herdman, Prof. W. A., on cerata of Nudibranchs, 71 f.;
experiments on taste of Nudibranchs, 72;
on Littorina rudis, 151 n.
Hermaea, 432;
protective coloration, 73
Hermaphrodite Mollusca, 134, 140, 145
Hermit-crabs, shells used by, 102
Hero, 432
Heterocardia, 454
Heterodiceras, 455
Heteropoda, 9, 420 f.;
radula, 228;
foot, 200
Heudeia, 316, 410
Hexabranchus, 434
Hibernation, 25, 163
High altitudes, Mollusca living at, 24
Himella, 15
Hindsia, 424
Hindsiella, 453
Hinge area, 493, 498
Hinge, in bivalves, 272
Hinnites, 257, 450
Hipponyx, 248, 412
Hippopus, 455
Hippurites, 455, 456
Histiopsis, 391
Histioteuthis, 391
Holcostoma, 417
Holohepatica, 433
Holopella, 411
Holospira, 339, 353, 442
Holostomata, 156
Homalogyra, 413;
radula, 223
Homalonyx, 245, 343-358, 443
Homing powers of Mollusca, 34
Homorus, 330–337, 443
Hoplites, 399
Hoplopteron, 422
Horea, 332
Horiostoma, 409
Hot springs, Mollusca living in, 25
Huronia, 394
Hyalaea, 10, 436
Hyalimax, 245, 305, 306, 338, 443
Hyaline stylet, 240
Hyalinia, 440;
pulsations, 26;
food, 33;
smell, 194;
dart, 143;
radula, 232, 234;
distribution, 287 f., 318, 340–357;
H. alliaria, 279;
smell, 194;
cellaria, 279;
Draparnaldi, 33
Hyalocylix, 437
Hyalosagda, 352
Hybocystis, 305, 309, 414
Hybridism, 129
Hydatina, 430;
radula, 231
Hydrobia, 325, 332, 415;
H. ulvae, egg-laying, 128
Hydrocena, 298, 410;
radula, 226
Hymenoptera build in dead shells, 102
Hypobranchaea, 434;
radula, 230
Hypotrema, 448
Hypselostoma, 248, 302, 305, 314, 442
Hyria, 344, 452
Hystricella, 297

Ianthina, 360, 126, 411;
egg-capsules, 125;
eyes, 186;
radula, 224
Iapetella, 385
Iberus, 285–293, 297, 441
Ichthyosarcolites, 456
Idalia, 179, 429, 434;
radula, 229, 230
Idas, 449
Idiosepion, 389
Illex, 390
Imbricaria, 425;
radula, 221
Imperator, 409
Indians of America, use of shells, 100
Infundibulum, 408
Inioteuthis, 389
Ink-sac, 241
Inoceramus, 449
Insects eaten by Mollusca, 32
Insularia, 319, 320
Intestine, 241
Io, 16, 340, 417
Iopas, 423
Iphigenia, 15, 453
Iravadia, 305, 415
Iridina, 294
Irus, 297
Isanda, 409
Ischnochiton, 403
Isidora, 298, 320–327, 333, 336, 359, 439
Ismenia, 404
Isocardia, 269, 451, 451
Isodonta, 453
Isomeria, 343, 356, 441
Issa, 434

Jamaicia, 414
Janella, 161, 443;
pulmonary orifice, 161
Janellidae, radula, 234;
distribution, 321–326
Janus, 432
Japonia, 318
Jaws, 210
Jeanerettia, 346–351, 441
Jeffreys, Dr., on Limnaea, 34;
on Neptunea, 193
Jeffreysia, 415;
radula, 223
Jorunna, protective coloration, 73
Jouannettia, 457
Jullienia, 307, 415
Jumala, 424

Kaliella, 301, 304, 310, 314–317, 335, 440
Kalinga, 434
Kashmir, land Mollusca, 280
Katherina, 403
Kelletia, 424
Kellia, 453
Kellyella, 452
Kidneys, 242
King, R. L., on smell in bivalves, 195
Kingena, 506, 508
Kitchen-middens, 104
Koninckella, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Koninckina, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Koninckinidae, 501, 505, 508
Kutorgina, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508;
embryonic shell, 509

Labial palps, 210
Labyrinthus, 342, 353–357, 441;
aperture, 63
Lacaze-Duthiers on Testacella, 52 f.;
on smell in Helix, 194
Lacuna, 413
Lacunopsis, 332
Lagena, 424
Lagochilus, 309, 316–319, 414
Lamellaria, 245, 411;
habits and protective coloration, 74;
parasitic, 78;
radula, 223
Lamellidoris, 434;
radula, 229, 230, 231
Lampania, 417
Land Mollusca, origin, 11 f.
Lanistes, 249, 294, 328, 331, 416
Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, on shell-gland, 132;
on haemoglobin, 171
Lantzia, 278, 338, 439
Laoma, 441
Larina, 302, 417
Larvae of Pelecypoda, 7;
of insects resembling Mollusca, 67 f.
Lasaea, 453
Latia, 19, 326, 439
Latiaxis, 423
Latirus, 424
Latter, O. H., on Glochidium, 147
Layard, E. L., on self-burying Mollusca, 41;
on sudden appearance of Stenogyra, 47;
on Coeliaxis, 49;
on Rhytida and Aerope, 54
Leda, 447
Leia, 348–351, 442
Leila, 344, 452
Leonia, 414
Lepeta, 405
Lepetella, 405
Lepetidae, radula, 227
Lepidomenia, 404;
radula, 229
Leptachatina, 327
Leptaena, 500, 501, 502, 503, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Leptaxis, 441
Leptinaria, 357, 358, 442
Leptochiton, 403
Leptoconchus, 75, 423
Leptoloma, 348, 351
Lepton, 453;
parasitic, 77;
commensal, 80;
mantle-edge, 175, 178
Leptoplax, 403
Leptopoma, 316, 319, 338, 414
Leptoteuthis, 390
Leptothyra, 409
Leroya, 331
Leucochila, 442
Leucochloridium, 61
Leucochroa, 292, 295, 441
Leuconia, 439
Leucotaenia, 335, 359, 441
Leucozonia, 64, 424, 424
Levantina, 295
Libania, 295
Libera, 327, 441;
egg-laying, 128
Libitina, 451
Licina, 414
Life, duration of, in snails, 39
Ligament, 271
Liguus, 349, 351, 442
Lima, 178, 179, 450;
habits, 63
Limacidae, radula, 232
Limacina, 59, 249, 436, 436
Limapontia, 429, 432;
breathing, 152
Limax, 245, 440;
food, 31, 179;
variation, 86;
pulmonary orifice, 160;
shell, 175;
jaw, 211;
radula, 217;
distribution, 285, 324;
L. agrestis, eats May flies, 31;
arborum, slime, 30;
food, 31;
flavus, food, 33, 36;
habits, 35, 36;
gagates, 279, 358;
maximus, 32, 161;
eats raw beef, 32;
cannibalism, 32;
sexual union, 128;
smell, 193 f.
Limea, 450
Limicolaria, 329–332, 443
Limnaea, 439;
self-impregnation, 44;
development and variation, 84, 92, 93;
size affected by volume of water, 94;
eggs, 124;
sexual union, 134;
jaw, 211;
radula, 217, 235;
L. auricularia, 24;
glutinosa, sudden appearance, 46;
Hookeri, 25;
involuta, 82, 278, 287;
peregra, 10, 180;
burial, 27;
food, 34, 37;
variation, 85;
distribution, 282;
palustris, distribution, 282;
stagnalis, food, 34, 37;
variation, 85, 95;
circum-oral lobes, 131;
generative organs, 414;
breathing, 161;
nervous system, 204;
distribution, 282;
truncatula, parasite, 61;
distribution, 282
Limnocardium, 455
Limnotrochus, 332, 415
Limopsis, 448
Limpet-shaped shells, 244
Limpets as food for birds, 56;
rats, 57;
birds and rats caught by, 57;
as bait, 118
Lingula, 464, 467, 468, 471, 472, 473, 475, 477, 478, 487;
habits, 483, 484;
distribution, 485;
fossil, 493, 494, 503;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508, 510, 511
Lingulella, 493, 503;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508, 511
Lingulepis, 503, 511
Lingulidae, 485, 487, 496, 503, 508
Linnarssonia, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508
Lintricula, 426
Liobaikalia, 290
Liomesus, 424
Lioplax, 340, 416
Liostoma, 424
Liostracus, 442
Liotia, 408
Liparus, 324, 359, 441
Lissoceras, 399
Lithasia, 340, 417
Lithidion, 414
Lithocardium, 455
Lithodomus, 449
Lithoglyphus, 294, 296, 297, 415
Lithopoma, 409
Lithotis, 302, 443
Litiopa, 30, 361, 415
Littorina, 413;
living out of water, 20;
radula, 20, 215;
habits, 50;
protective coloration, 69;
egg-laying, 126;
hybrid union, 130;
monstrosity, 251, 252;
operculum, 269;
erosion, 276;
L. littorea, in America, 374;
obtusata, generative organs, 135;
rudis, 150;
Prof. Herdman’s experiments on, 151 n.
Littorinida, 415
Lituites, 247, 395
Liver, 239;
liver-fluke, 61
Livinhacea, 333, 359, 441
Livona, 408;
radula, 226;
operculum, 268
Lloyd, W. A., on Nassa, 193
Lobiger, 432
Lobites, 397
Loligo, 378–389;
glands, 136;
modified arm, 139;
eye, 183;
radula, 236;
club, 381;
L. punctata, egg-laying, 127;
vulgaris, larva, 133
Loligopsis, 391
Loliguncula, 390
Loliolus, 390
Lomanotus, 433
Lophocercus, 432
Lorica, 403
Lowe, E. J., on growth of shell, 40
Loxonema, 417
Lucapina, 406
Lucapinella, 406
Lucerna, 441
Lucidella, 348–351, 410
Lucina, 270, 452
Lucinopsis, 454
Lung, 151, 160
Lunulicardium, 455
Lutetia, 452
Lutraria, 446, 456
Lychnus, 442
Lyonsia, 458
Lyonsiella, 458;
branchiae, 168
Lyra, stratigraphical distribution, 507
Lyria, 425
Lyrodesma, 447
Lysinoe, 441
Lytoceras, 398

Maackia, 290
Macgillivrayia, 133
Machomya, 458
Maclurea, 410
Macroceramus, 343–353, 442
Macroceras, 440
Macrochilus, 417
Macrochlamys, 296, 299, 301 f., 310, 316–322, 440
Macrocyclis, 358, 359, 442
Macron, 424
Macroön, 441
Macroscaphites, 247, 399, 399
Macroschisma, 265, 406
Mactra, 271, 446, 454
Macularia, 285, 291, 292 f., 441
Magas, 506;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Magellania, 500
Magilus, 75, 423
Mainwaringia, 302
Malaptera, 418
Malea, 419
Malletia, 447
Malleus, 449
Mangilia, 426
Mantle, 172 f., 173;
lobes of, 177
Margarita, 408;
radula, 225
Marginella, 425;
radula, 221
Mariaella, 314, 338, 440
Marionia, 433
Marmorostoma, 409
Marrat, F. P., views on variation, 82
Marsenia, 133
Marsenina, 411
Martesia, 305, 457
Mastigoteuthis, 390
Mastus, 296, 442
Matheronia, 455
Mathilda, 250, 417
Maugeria, 403
Mazzalina, 424
Megalatractus, 424
Megalodontidae, 451
Megalomastoma, 344, 414
Megalomphalus, 416
Megaspira, 358, 442
Megatebennus, 406
Megerlia, distribution, 486, 487
Meladomus, 249, 328, 331, 416
Melampus, 18, 199, 250, 439, 439
Melanatria, 336
Melania, 276, 417, 417;
distribution, 285, 292 f., 316 f., 324, 336
Melaniella, 442
Melaniidae, origin, 17
Melanism in Mollusca, 85
Melanopsis, 417;
distribution, 285, 291, 292 f., 323, 326
Melantho, 340, 416
Melapium, 424
Meleagrina, 449
Melia, 348
Melibe, 432
Melongena, 424;
radula, 220;
stomach, 238
Merica, 426
Merista, 505, 508
Meroe, 454
Merope, 327
Mesalia, 417
Mesembrinus, 356, 442
Mesodesma, 454
Mesodon, 340, 441
Mesomphix, 340, 440
Mesorhytis, 377
Meta, 423
Metula, 424
Meyeria, 424
Miamira, 434
Microcystis, 323, 324, 327, 338, 440
Microgaza, 408
Micromelania, 12, 297
Microphysa, protective habits, 70
Microplax, 403
Micropyrgus, 415
Microvoluta, 425
Middendorffia, 403
Milneria, 451
Mimicry, 66
Minolia, 408
Mitra, 425;
radula, 221
Mitrella, 423
Mitreola, 425
Mitrularia, 248, 412
Modiola, 446, 449;
habits, 64;
genital orifice, 242
Modiolarca, 449
Modiolaria, 449;
habits, 78
Modiolopsis, 452
Modulus, 417
Monilia, 408
Monkey devouring oysters, 59
Monoceros, 423
Monocondylaea, 452
Monodacna, 12, 297, 455
Monodonta, 408, 408;
tentaculae, 178
Monogonopora, 134, 140
Monomerella, 496, 504
Monopleura, 456
Monotis, 449
Monotocardia, 9, 170, 411
Monstrosities, 250
Montacuta, 452;
M. ferruginosa, commensal, 80;
substriata, parasitic, 77
Mopalia, 403
Moquin-Tandon, on breathing of Limnaeidae, 162;
on smell, 193 f.
Moreletia, 440
Morio, 420
Mormus, 356, 442
Moseley, H. N., on eyes of Chiton, 187 f.
Moussonia, 327
Mouth, 209
Mucronalia, 422
Mucus, use of, 63
Mulinia, 272
Mülleria, 344, 452
Mumiola, 422
Murchisonia, 265, 407
Murchisoniella, 422
Murex, 423;
attacks Arca, 60;
use of spines, 64;
egg-capsules, 124;
eye, 182;
radula, 220;
shell, 256
Musical sounds, 50
Mussels, cultivation of, 115;
as bait, 116;
poisonous, 117;
on Great Eastern, 116
Mutela, 294, 328, 331, 336, 452
Mutyca, 425
Mya, 271, 275, 446, 456;
stylet, 240;
M. arenaria, variation, 84
Myacea, 456
Myalina, 449
Mycetopus, 307, 316, 344, 452
Myochama, 458
Myodora, 458
Myophoria, 448
Myopsidae, 389
Myrina, 449
Myristica, 424
Mytilacea, 448
Mytilimeria, 458
Mytilops, 452
Mytilopsis, 14
Mytilus, 258, 449;
gill filaments, 166, 285;
M. edulis, 14, 165;
attached to crabs, 48, 78;
pierced by Purpura, 60;
Bideford Bridge and, 117;
rate of growth, 258;
stylet, 240
Myxostoma, 414

Nacella, 405
Naiadina, 449
Nanina, 278, 300 f., 335, 440;
radula, 217, 232
Napaeus, 296–299, 316, 442
Naranio, 454
Narica, 412
Nassa, 423;
egg-capsules, 126;
sense of smell, 193
Nassodonta, 423
Nassopsis, 332
Natica, 246, 263, 411;
spawn, 126;
operculum, 268
Naticopsis, 409
‘Native’ oysters, 106
Nausitora, 15
Nautiloidea, 393
Nautilus, 254, 392, 395;
modified arms, 140;
eye, 183;
nervous system, 206;
radula, 236;
kidneys, 242
Navicella, 267, 268, 324, 327, 410;
origin, 17
Navicula, 358, 442
Navicula (Diatom), cause of greening in oysters, 108
Nectoteuthis, 389
Neda, 431
Nematurella, 12, 297
Nembrotha, 434
Neobolus, 504
Neobuccinum, 424
Neocyclotus, 357, 358
Neomenia, 8, 133, 216, 228, 404, 404;
breathing organs, 154;
nervous system, 203
Neothauma, 332
Neotremata, 511
Neptunea, 252, 262, 423;
egg-capsules, 126;
capture, 193;
monstrosity, 251
Nerinea, 417
Nerita, 17, 410;
N. polita used as money, 97
Neritidae, 260, 410;
radula, 226
Neritina, 256, 410;
origin, 16, 17, 21;
egg-laying, 128;
eye, 181;
distribution, 285, 291 f., 324, 327;
N. fluviatilis, habitat, 12, 25
Neritoma, 410
Neritopsis, 409;
radula, 226;
operculum, 269
Nervous system, 201 f.
Nesiotis, 357, 442
New Zealanders, use of shells, 99
Nicida, 413
Ninella, 409
Niphonia, 408
Niso, 422
Nitidella, 423
Nodulus, 415
Notarchus, 431
Nothus, 358, 442
Notobranchaea, 438
Notodoris, 434
Notoplax, 403
Novaculina, 305
Nucula, 254, 269, 273, 447
Nuculidae, otocyst, 197;
foot, 201
Nuculina, 448
Nudibranchiata, 432;
defined, 10;
protective and warning colours, 71 f.;
breathing organs, 159
Nummulina, 295
Nuttallina, 403

Obba, 311, 315, 441
Obbina, 306, 311, 312, 314, 319
Obeliscus, 442
Obolella, 496, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508
Obolidae, 496, 504, 508
Obolus, 504, 508;
embryonic shell, 509
Ocinebra, 423
Octopodidae, hectocotylised arm, 137, 139, 140
Octopus, 379–386;
egg-capsules, 127;
vision, 184;
radula, 236;
crop, 238
Ocythoe, 384;
hectocotylus, 138
Odontomaria, 407
Odontostomus, 358, 442
Odostomia, 250, 422;
parasitic, 78
Oesophagus, 237
Ohola, 434
Oigopsidae, 390
Oldhamina, 506, 508
Oleacina, habits, 55
Oliva, 199, 255, 275, 425, 426
Olivancillaria, 426
Olivella, 260, 267, 426;
O. biplicata as money, 97
Olivia, 408
Omalaxis, 413
Omalonyx, habitat, 23
Ommastrephes, 6, 378, 390
Ommatophores, 180, 187
Omphalotropis, 306, 309, 316, 324, 327, 338, 414
Onchidiella, 443
Onchidiidae, 245;
radula, 234;
anus, 241
Onchidiopsis, 411
Onchidium, 443;
breathing, 163;
eyes, 187
Onchidoris, radula, 230
Oniscia, 420
Onoba, 415
Onychia, 390
Onychoteuthis, 390;
club, 386
Oocorys, 420
Oopelta, 329, 440
Opeas, 442
Operculum, 267 f.
Ophidioceras, 247, 395
Ophileta, 413
Opis, 451
Opisthobranchiata, 427;
defined, 9;
warning, etc., colours, 71 f.;
generative organs, 144;
breathing organs, 158;
organs of touch, 178;
parapodia, 199;
nervous system, 203;
radula, 229
Opisthoporus, 266, 300, 314–316, 414
Opisthostoma, 248, 309, 413
Oppelia, 399
Orbicula, 464
Orbiculoidea, 504, 510
Orders of Mollusca, 5–7
Organs of sense, 177
Origin of land Mollusca, 11 f.
Ornithochiton, 403
Orphnus, 356, 441
Orpiella, 440
Orthalicus, 342–358, 355, 442;
habits, 27;
variation, 87;
jaw, 211;
radula, 233, 234
Orthis, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 507, 511
Orthoceras, 394, 394
Orthonota, 457
Orthothetes, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Orygoceras, 247
Osphradium, 194 f.
Ostodes, 327
Ostracotheres, 62
Ostrea, 252, 258, 446, 449;
intestine, 241
Otina, 18, 439
Otoconcha, 326, 440
Otocysts, 196 f., 197
Otopleura, 422
Otopoma, 331, 338, 414
Otostomus, 353, 442
Ovary, 135
Ovoviviparous genera, 123
Ovula, 419;
protective coloration, 70, 75;
radula, 80, 224;
used as money, 97
Ovum, development of fertilised, 130
Oxychona, 358
Oxygyrus, 422;
foot, 200
Oxynoe, 432;
radula, 230
Oyster-catchers, shells used by, 102
Oyster, cultivation, 104–109;
living out of water, 110;
enemies, 110 f.;
reproduction, 112 f.;
growth, 114;
cookery, 114;
poisonous oysters, 114;
vision, 190

Pachnodus, 329–335, 441, 442
Pachybathron, 425
Pachychilus, 354
Pachydesma crassatelloides, money made from, 97
Pachydomidae, 451
Pachydrobia, 307, 415
Pachylabra, 416
Pachyotus, 334, 336, 355, 358, 441
Pachypoma, 409
Pachystyla, 337, 440
Pachytypus, 451
Padollus, 407
Palaearctic region, 284 f.
Palaeoneilo, 447
Palaeosolen, 457
Palaina, 327, 413
Palio, 434
Pallial line and sinus, 270
Pallifera, 340, 440
Palliobranchiata, 464
Paludina, 416;
penis, 136;
eye, 181;
vision, 184;
P. vivipara, 24—see also Vivipara
Paludomus, 332, 336, 338, 417
Panama, Mollusca of, 3
Panda, 322, 325, 335
Pandora, 458
Papuans, use of shells, 99
Papuina, 309, 319–324, 441
Paramelania, 332
Paramenia, 404
Parasitic worms, 60 f.;
Mollusca, 74 f.
Parastarte, 451
Parkinsonia, 398
Parmacella, 245, 291, 294 f., 438 n., 440;
radula, 232;
shell, 175
Parmacochlea, 322, 326, 440
Parmarion, 309, 440
Parmella, 326, 440
Parmophorus, 406
Parthena, 349–352, 350, 441
Parts of univalve shell, 262;
bivalve, 269
Partula, 319–327, 326, 442;
radula, 233
Paryphanta, 321, 325, 440
Paryphostoma, 415
Passamaiella, 332
Patella, 405, 464;
as food, 56 f.;
eye, 182;
radula, 214, 215, 227;
crop, 238;
anus, 241;
kidneys, 242;
shell, 262;
P. vulgata, veliger, 132;
breathing organs, etc., 156, 157
Patelliform shell in various genera, 19
Paterina, 509, 510, 511
Patinella, radula, 227
Patula, 297, 298, 318–338, 340, 441
Paxillus, 413
Pearl oysters, 100
Pecten, 446, 450, 450;
organs of touch, 178;
ocelli, 191;
flight, 192;
nervous system, 206;
genital orifice, 242;
ligament, 271
Pectinodonta, 405;
radula, 227
Pectunculus, 448
Pedicularia, 75, 419;
radula, 224
Pedinogyra, 319, 322, 442
Pedipes, 18, 199, 439, 439
Pedum, 450
Pelagic Mollusca, 360
Pelecypoda, 7, 445;
development, 145;
generative organs, 145;
branchiae, 166–169;
organs of touch, 178;
eyes, 189 f.;
foot, 201;
nervous system, 205
Pella, 333
Pellicula, 352, 442
Peltoceras, 399
Pentadactylus, 423
Peraclis, 436
Pereiraea, 418
Perideris, 328–330, 443
Periodicity in breeding, 129
Periophthalmus, 187
Periostracum, 275
Periploma, 459
Perisphinctes, 399
Perissodonta, 418
Perissolax, 424
Peristernia, 424
Perna, 449;
ligament, 271
Pernostrea, 449
Peronaeus, 358, 442
Peronia, 443
Perrieria, 319, 442
Perrinia, 408
Persicula, 425
Persona (= Distortio), 420
Petenia, 353, 440
Petersia, 420
Petraeus, 295, 331, 442
Petricola, 454
Phacellopleura, 403
Phanerophthalmus, 430
Phaneta, 408
Phania, 312, 441
Pharella, 457
Pharus, 457
Pharynx, 210
Phasianella, 409
Phasis, 333
Phenomena of distribution, 362
Philine, 245, 428, 430;
protective coloration, 73;
radula, 229, 230
Philomycus, 245, 318, 440
Philonexis, 138
Philopotamis, 304, 417
Phoenicobius, 315, 441
Pholadacea, 457
Pholadidea, 457
Pholadomya, 459
Pholas, 245, 274, 447, 457;
in fresh water, 15
Phos, 424
Photinula, 408
Phragmophora, 386
Phyllidia, 434;
breathing organs, 159
Phyllirrhoe, 360, 428, 433
Phyllobranchus, 432
Phylloceras, 398, 398;
suture, 396
Phylloteuthis, 390
Physa, 439;
aestivating out of water, 27;
spinning threads, 29;
sudden appearance, 46;
osphradium, 195;
nervous system, 205;
radula, 235;
P. hypnorum, 23, 27
Pileolus, 410
Pileopsis, 76
Piloceras, 394
Pinaxia, 423
Pineria, 442
Pinna, 449;
shell, 254
Pinnoctopus, 385
Pinnotheres, 62
Pinoceras, 398
Pirena, 417
Pirenella, 416
Piropsis, 424
Pirula—see Pyrula
Pisania, 424
Pisidium, 453;
smell, 195;
ova, 146;
P. pusillum, distribution, 282
Pitys, 327
Placobranchus, 432
Placostylus, 322, 323–325, 359, 442;
radula, 233
Placuna, 448;
P. placenta used for windows, 101
Placunanomia, 448
Placunopsis, 448
Plagioptycha, 347–351, 441
Plagioptychus, 456
Planaxis, 417
Planispira, 311, 312, 319, 441
Planorbis, 27, 247, 439;
monstrosity, 93;
eye, 181;
P. albus, distribution, 282
Platyceras, 76, 412
Platydoris, 434
Platypoda, 411
Platyschisma, 413
Plaxiphora, 403
Plecochilus, 442
Plecotrema, 439
Plectambonites, 505
Plectomya, 459
Plectopylis, 303, 305, 314, 316;
aperture, 63
Plectostylus, 358, 442
Plectotropis, 305, 306, 310, 311, 314–318, 441
Plectrophorus, 298
Plesiastarte, 451
Plesiotriton, 420
Pleurobranchaea, 431;
jaws, 212
Pleurobranchoidea, 431
Pleurobranchus, 245, 428, 431;
warning coloration, 73;
jaws, 212;
radula, 230
Pleurocera, 340, 417
Pleuroceridae, origin, 17
Pleurodonta, 348;
aperture, 63
Pleuroleura, 433
Pleuromya, 458
Pleurophorus, 451
Pleurophyllidia, 433;
breathing organs, 159;
radula, 230
Pleuropyrgus, 357
Pleurotoma, 426, 426;
slit, 263, 265
Pleurotomaria, 266, 373, 376, 407, 407;
prices given for recent, 122;
slit, 156;
radula, 226
Plicatula, 450
Pliny the elder, on use of snails, 118, 120
Plocamopherus, 434
Plochelaea, 425
Plutonia, 298, 440
Pneumoderma, 158, 437, 438
Poecilozonites, 352, 440
Poisonous bite of Conus, 65;
poisonous oysters, 114;
mussels, 117
Polycera, 434;
radula, 230
Polycerella, 434
Polyconites, 456
Polydontes, 346–351, 347, 441
Polygona, 424
Polygyra, 340, 345–353, 441;
aperture, 63
Polygyratia, 246, 263, 357, 442
Polymita, 346–351, 347, 441
Polyplacophora, 9, 401 f.;
radula, 228
Polytremaria, 266, 407
Pomatia, 285, 293, 295, 441
Pomatias, 288, 289, 292 f., 302, 413
Pomatiopsis, 415
Pomaulax, 409
Pompholyx, 250, 341, 439
Ponsonbya, 332
Poromya, 459;
branchiae, 168
Porphyrobaphe, 27, 356, 442
Position of Mollusca in Animal Kingdom, 4
Potamides, 16, 416
Potamomya, 15
Potamopyrgus, 325, 326, 415
Poterioceratidae, 394
Praecardium, 459
Prasina, 449
Prices given for rare shells, 121
Primitive mollusc, form of, 245;
types of, 7
Prisogaster, 409
Pristiloma, 341, 440
Proboscidella, 497, 504
Productidae, 497, 500, 504, 508
Productus, 492, 501, 502, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 508
Promachoteuthis, 389
Proneomenia, 404;
breathing organs, 154;
nervous system, 203;
radula, 229
Prophysaon, 341, 441;
habits, 44
Propilidium, 405
Proserpina, 21, 355, 410
Proserpinella, 354, 410
Proserpinidae, relationships, 21
Prosobranchiata, 9, 404 f.;
breathing organs, 154
Prosocoelus, 451
Protective coloration, 69 f.;
in snails, 70;
in Nudibranchs, 71 f.;
in other Mollusca, 74
Protegulum, 509
Protobranchiata, 447;
branchiae, 166
Protoma, 417
Protremata, 511
Provocator, 376, 425
Psammobia, 456
Pseudachatina, 328–330, 443
Pseudedmondia, 452
Pseudobalea, 350
Pseudo-deltidium, 498, 511
Pseudodon, 295, 307, 452
Pseudolamellibranchiata, 167, 449
Pseudoliva, 424
Pseudomelania, 417
Pseudomilax, 296, 440
Pseudomurex, 423
Pseudopartula, 323
Pseudosubulina, 440
Ptenoglossa, 224, 411
Pterinaea, 449
Pteroceras, 256, 262, 418
Pteroctopus, 384
Pterocyclus, 266, 267, 300, 316, 414;
tube, 157
Pterodonta, 418
Pteropoda, 7, 434;
breathing organs, 158;
foot, 200;
radula, 230
Pterotrachaea, 421;
foot, 200;
radula, 227
Ptychatractus, 424
Ptychoceras, 399
Ptychodesma, 452
Pugilina, 424
Pulmonata, 10, 22, 151, 185, 438;
origin, 17, 19;
breathing organs, 160;
nervous system, 203
Pulsellum, 444
Punctum, 441
Puncturella, 265, 406
Pupa, 289, 296, 325–357, 442;
P. cinerea, hybrid union, 129
Pupidae, radula, 233
Pupilla, 442
Pupillaea, 406
Pupina, 157, 266, 309, 318–327, 414
Pupinella, 318, 414
Purpura, 423;
operculum, 269;
erosion, 276;
P. coronata, 367;
lapillus, feeding on Mytilus, 60;
on oysters, 111;
protective coloration, 69;
variation, 90;
egg-capsules, 124;
time of breeding, 129;
distribution, 363 n.
Purpuroidea, 423
Pusionella, 426
Pygocardia, 451
Pygope, 497
Pyramidella, 422
Pyramidellidae, 262
Pyrazus, 50, 416
Pyrgina, 330
Pyrgula, 415
Pyrochilus, 441
Pyrolofusus, 423
Pyrula (= Pirula), 419, 420;
spawn, 125;
operculum, 269
Pythina, 453

Quenstedtia, 456
Quoyia, 260, 417

Rachiglossa, 220, 422;
eggs, 124
Rachis, 329–335, 441, 442
Radiolites, 456
Radius, 419
Radsia, 403
Radula, 213 f.;
of Littorina, 20;
of Cyclophorus, 21;
of parasitic Mollusca, 79
Raëta, 454
Ranella, 256, 420
Range of distribution, 362 f.
Rangia, 15, 453
Ranularia, 420
Rapa, 423
Rapana, 423
Raphaulus, 305, 309
Rathouisia, 316, 440
Rats devouring Mollusca, 57
Realia, 316, 327, 414
Recluzia, 411
Rectum, 241
Registoma, 414
Relationship of Mollusca to other groups, 5
Renssoellaria, 512
Reproductive activity of oyster, 112;
system in Mollusca, 123, 134 f.
Requienia, 269, 455, 455
Respiration, 150 f.
Retzia, 508
Revoilia, 331, 414
Reymondia, 332
Rhabdoceras, 398
Rhagada, 311, 324
Rhenea, 325, 440
Rhinobolus, 504
Rhiostoma, 247, 266, 309, 414
Rhipidoglossa, 225, 405
Rhizochilus, 75, 423
Rhodea, 356, 441
Rhodina, 307, 310, 442
Rhynchonella, 466, 470, 471, 472, 474, 483, 487;
distribution, 487;
fossil, 492, 497, 499, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 507, 508, 511
Rhynchonellidae, 487, 501, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508, 511
Rhysota, 67, 310, 314, 316, 319, 440
Rhytida, 319–326, 333, 359, 440;
habits, 54;
radula, 232
Rillya, 442
Rimella, 418
Rimula, 265, 406
Ringicula, 430;
radula, 230
Risella, 413
Rissoa, 415
Rissoina, 415
Robillardia, 77
Rochebrunia, 331, 414
Rock-boring snails, 49
Rolleia, 349
Rossia, 389
Rostellaria, 418
Rudistae, 456
Rumina, 260, 442
Runcina, 431;
protective coloration, 73

Sabatia, 430
Sactoceras, 394
Sagda, 348–351, 441
Sageceras, 398
Salasiella, 353, 440
Salivary glands, 237
Sandford, on strength of Helix, 45
Sandwich islanders, use of shells, 99
Sanguinolaria, 456
Sarepta, 447
Sarmaticus, 409
Satsuma, 314, 316, 441
Saxicava, 447, 457
Saxidomus arata, money made from, 97
Scalaria, 247, 263, 411;
radula, 224
Scaldia, 452
Scalenostoma, 422
Scaliola, 415
Scaphander, 428, 429, 430;
radula, 231;
gizzard, 238
Scaphites, 399, 399
Scaphopoda, 444;
defined, 6;
breathing organs, 160;
nervous system, 205;
radula, 236
Scaphula, 14, 305, 448
Scarabus, 18, 278, 439, 439
Scharff, R., on food of slugs, 31;
on protective coloration in slugs, 70
Schasicheila, 347, 351, 354, 410
Schismope, 266, 407
Schizochiton, 187, 402, 403
Schizodus, 448
Schizoglossa, 325, 440
Schizoplax, 403
Schizostoma, 413
Schloenbacia, 398
Scintilla, 175, 453
Scissurella, 265, 407;
radula, 226
Sclerochiton, 403
Scrobicularia, 15, 164, 453;
siphons, 164
Sculptaria, 333
Scurria, 405
Scutalus, 356, 442
Scutellastra, 405
Scutus, 245, 406, 406
Scyllaea, 433;
jaws, 212;
stomach, 239
Segmentina, 320
Selenites, 339, 341, 440
Selenitidae, radula, 231
Selenochlamys, 296
Self-fertilisation, 42–44
Semele, 453
Semicassis, 420
Semper, K., on habits of Limnaea, 34;
of Helicarion, 45, 67;
on mimicry, 67;
on parasitic Eulima, 79;
on development of Limnaea, 84, 94;
on sexual maturity in snails, 129;
on Onchidium, 187
Sepia, 381, 385–387, 389;
egg-capsules, 127;
glands, 136;
jaws, 214;
radula, 236;
alimentary canal, 238;
ink-sac, 241;
hectocotylus, 389
Sepiadarium, 389
Sepiella, 389
Sepiola, 389;
glands, 136;
radula, 236
Sepioloidea, 389
Sepiophora, 388
Sepioteuthis, 390;
hectocotylus, 139
Septaria, 337, 338, 410
Septibranchiata, 145, 167, 459;
branchiae, 166
Septifer, 274, 449
Sequenzia, 420
Sergius Orata, 104
Serrifusus, 424
Sesara, 305, 440
Sex, differences of, 133
Shell, 244 f.;
internal, 174;
shape of bivalve, 445
Shell-gland, primitive, 132
Shells as money, 96 f.;
as ornament, etc., 98 f.;
various uses of, 98 f.;
prices given for rare, 121;
sinistral, 249
Shores of N. Asia, no littoral fauna, 2
Showers of shells, 47
Sigaretus, 186, 245, 267, 411;
foot, 198
Sight, 180
Silenia, 459;
branchiae, 168
Silia, 425
Siliqua, 274, 457
Siliquaria, 248, 418
Simnia, 419
Simpulopsis, 345, 350, 442
Simpulum, 420
Simroth, on recent forms of Helix, 22;
on food of slugs, 31;
on crawling of Helix, 45
Singular habitat, 48
Sinistral shells, 249
Sinistralia, 424
Sinusigera, 133
Sipho, 424
Siphonalia, 424
Siphonaria, 18, 431;
classification, 19;
breathing organs, 151, 152
Siphonarioidea, 431
Siphonodentalium, 444
Siphonostomata, 156
Siphonotreta, 493, 496, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Siphons, 173;
in burrowing genera, 165;
branchial, 155
Sistrum, 75, 423;
radula of S. spectrum, 79, 222
Sitala, 301, 304, 310, 314–319, 333, 440
Skärgard, Mollusca of the, 13
Skenea, 415
Skenidium, 505, 508
Slit, in Gasteropoda, 265, 406
Slugs, habits and food of, 30 f.;
bite hand of captor, 33;
in bee-hives, 36;
in greenhouses, 36;
protective coloration, 70;
eaten in England, 120
Smaragdia, 21
Smaragdinella, 430
Smell, sense of, 192
Smith, W. Anderson, quoted, 98, 111, 114, 191
Snails as barometers, 50;
plants fertilised by, 102;
cultivation for food, 118 f.;
used for cream, 119;
as medicine, 120;
banned by the Church, 121
Solariella, 408;
radula, 225
Solarium, 264, 412, 413;
radula, 224
Solaropsis, 343, 353–357, 442
Solecurtus, 165, 457
Solen, 171, 446, 457;
vision, 190;
habits, 45
Solenaia, 452
Solenomya, 275, 448
Solenotellina, 456
Solomon islanders, use of shells, 98
Somatogyrus, 415
Sophina, 305
Spallanzani, experiments on Helix, 163
Spat, fall of, 113
Spatha, 294, 331, 336, 452
Spekia, 333
Spermatophore, in Cephalopoda, 137;
in Helix, 142
Spermatozoa, forms of, 136
Sphaerium, 453
Sphenia, 456
Sphenodiscus, 398
Sphyradium, 442
Spines, use of, 64
Spiraculum, 266, 414
Spiraxis, 442
Spirialis, 249
Spirifera, 468, 501, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508, 511, 512
Spiriferidae, 501, 505, 508
Spiriferina, stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Spirobranchiata, 464
Spirotropis, 426;
radula, 218, 219
Spirula, 247, 386, 387, 388
Spirulirostra, 380, 386, 388
Spondylium, 500
Spondylus, 257, 446, 450, 450;
ocelli, 191;
genital orifice, 242
Spongiobranchaea, 437
Spongiochiton, 403
Sportella, 453
Starfish eat oysters, 110
Stearns, R. E. C., on tenacity of life, 38
Stegodera, 306
Stenochisma, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Stenogyra, 324, 442;
S. decollata, 279;
food, 34;
smell, 194;
Goodallii, 279;
octona, sudden appearance, 47
Stenogyridae, radula, 234
Stenopus, 440;
habits, 45
Stenothyra, 415
Stenotis, 416
Stenotrema, 340, 441
Stephanoceras, 399
Stepsanoda, 358
Stilifer, 76, 77, 79, 422
Stiliferina, 76, 422
Stiliger, 432
Stilina, 76
Stoastoma, 348–351, 410
Stoloteuthis, 389
Stomach, 239
Stomatella, 408
Stomatia, 408
Stomatodon, 302, 417
Strebelia, 353, 440
Strength of Helix, 45
Strephobasis, 417
Strepsidura, 424
Streptaulus, 414
Streptaxis, 302, 306, 309, 314–331, 343, 357–359, 440;
variation, 87
Streptoneura, 203, 404
Streptosiphon, 424
Streptostele, 329, 338, 440
Streptostyla, 343–355, 353, 440
Stricklandia, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Strigatella, 425
Stringocephalidae, 506, 508
Stringocephalus, 492, 497, 498, 500, 501, 506;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Strobila, 340, 345–353
Strobilops, 442
Strombidae, habits, 64;
penis, 136
Strombina, 423
Strombus, 69, 200, 252, 418;
mimicking Conus, 69;
operculum, 78, 269;
pearls from, 101;
metapodium, 199;
stomach, 239
Strophalosia, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Stropheodonta, 497, 505, 508
Strophia, 343–355, 442;
S. nana, 278
Strophochilus, 358, 441
Strophomena, 499, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Strophomenidae, 500, 505, 508
Strophostoma, 248, 414
Structure of shell, 252
Struthiolaria, 99, 418;
radula, 216
Styliola, 437
Stylodonta, 339, 441
Stylommatophora, 11, 181, 439;
origin, 19
Subemarginula, 406
Submytilacea, 451
Subularia, 422
Subulina, 332, 352, 442
Subulites, 420
Succinea, 325, 327, 358, 433;
jaw, 211;
S. putris, parasite of, 61
Succineidae, 443;
radula, 234
Sudden appearance of Mollusca, 46
Suessia, stratigraphical distribution, 507
Sulphuric acid, 237
Surcula, 426
Sycotypus, 424
Synaptocochlea, 408
Syndosmya, 453
Syringothyris, 500, 508
Syrnola, 422
Syrnolopis, 332, 333
Systrophia, 356, 357

Tachea, 441
Taenioglossa, 223, 411
Taheitia, 414
Talona, 457
Tanalia, 304, 417
Tancredia, 453
Tanganyicia, 332, 415
Tanganyika, L., fauna of, 12
Tanysiphon, 454
Taonius, 391, 391
Tapes, 454
Taste, 179
Tebennophorus, 143, 340, 440
Tectarius, 413
Tectibranchiata, 10, 429
Tectura, 305, 405
Tectus, 408
Teeth in aperture of the shell, 63
Teinostoma, 247, 408
Teinotis, 407
Telescopium, 252, 416
Tellina, 440, 453, 453
T. balthica, variation, 84
Tellinacea, 453
Telotremata, 511
Tenacity of life, 37
Tenison-Woods, on red blood, 171;
on shell-eyes, 189
Tennent, Sir J. E., on musical sounds produced by Mollusca, 50
Tennentia, 304, 314, 338, 440
Terebellum, 418;
jumping powers, 64
Terebra, 246, 263, 426, 426;
radula, 219
Terebratella, 468, 487;
distribution, 486;
fossil, 506;
stratigraphical distribution, 508
Terebratula, 467, 468, 487;
size, 484;
distribution, 485, 486;
fossil, 492, 499, 506;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 507, 508
Terebratulidae, 487;
fossil, 500, 505, 506;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Terebratulina, 466, 479, 487;
larva, 482;
distribution, 486;
fossil, 506;
stratigraphical distribution, 508;
form of shell, 510
Teredina, 457
Teredo, 262, 457, 458;
nervous system, 206;
intestine, 241
Tergipes, 432
Terquemia, 450
Testacella, 22, 52, 440;
habits, etc., 49, 51 f.;
pulmonary orifice, 160;
eyes, 186;
radula, 231;
anus, 241
Testicardines, 466, 487;
muscles, 476;
fossil, 497, 504;
external characters, 497;
internal characters, 499;
attachment of muscles, 501;
stratigraphical distribution, 508
Testis, 135
Tethyidae, 216
Tethys, 432
Tetrabranchiata, 391 f.
Thala, 425
Thalassia, 319
Thalotia, 408
Thapsia, 329
Thaumasia, 349, 442
Thaumastus, 356, 442
Thecacera, 434;
radula, 229
Thecidiidae, 487;
fossil, 501, 506, 508
Thecidium, 475, 479, 480, 483, 487;
fossil, 506, 508
Thecosomata, 435
Thelidomus, 346–351, 350, 441
Theora, 453
Therasia, 441
Thersites (Helicidae), 322, 325
Thersites (Fasciolariidae), 424
Thetis, 454
Thracia, 245, 459
Thread-spinning, 29
Thridachia, 432
Thyca, 76, 79
Thyrophorella, 330, 440
Thysanoteuthis, 390
Tiedemannia, veliger, 132
Tiphobia, 332, 333, 417
Titicaca, L., Mollusca of, 25
Todarodes, 390
Tomichia, 414
Tomigerus, 334, 356, 358, 442
Tomocyclus, 354
Tomostele, 330, 440
Tonicella, 403
Tonicia, 403;
eyes, 188
Torellia, 411
Torinia, 413;
radula, 224;
operculum, 269
Tornatellina, 278, 319, 323–327, 338, 358, 443
Tornatina, 250, 430
Torquilla, 442
Toucasia, 455
Touch, sense of, 177
Toxoglossa, 218, 426
Trachia, 314
Trachyceras, 397
Trachydermon, 403
Trachyteuthis, 389
Tralia, 439
Transovula, 419
Trematis, 492, 493, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Trematonotus, 407
Tremoctopus, 384;
radula, 236;
hectocotylus, 137
Trevelyana, 434
Trichia, 316
Trichotropis, 275, 411
Tricula, 302
Tridacna, 273, 455
Triforis, 416;
radula, 224
Trigonellites, 397
Trigonia, 15, 254, 269, 448;
jumping powers, 65;
distribution, 370
Trigonochlamys, 296, 440
Trigonostoma, 426
Trimerella, 495, 504, 508, 511
Trimerellidae, 493, 494, 496, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Trinacria, 448
Triodopsis, 340, 441
Triopa, 434
Triopella, 434
Triopha, 434
Tritaxeopus, 385
Triton, 256, 275, 420;
jaws, 212
Tritonia, 433;
protective coloration, 71
Tritonidea, 424
Trivia, 419
Trochidae, egg-capsules, 125
Trochiscus, 408
Trochita, 248, 412
Trochoceras, 395
Trocholites, 395
Trochomorpha, 306, 321, 324, 327, 333, 441
Trochonanina, 331, 440
Trochosphere, 5, 130
Trochotoma, 266, 407
Trochus, 263, 408;
eye, 182;
stomach, 239
Trophon, 423
Tropical beach, Mollusca of a, 3
Tropidophora, 414
Tropites, 397
Troschelia, 424
Truncaria, 423
Truncatella, 260, 414
Tryblidium, 405
Trypanostoma, 340
Trypho of Lampsacus, prayer against snails, 121
Tubed operculates, 157, 266, 300, 307, 309
Tudicla, 424
Tudora, 291, 349, 351, 414
Tugonia, 456
Tulotoma, 340, 416
Turbinella, 100, 262, 264, 424, 424
Turbo, 409;
eye, 182;
osphradium, 195;
operculum, 268
Turbonilla, 250, 332, 422
Turcica, 408
Turricula, 425;
radula, 221
Turrilites, 399, 399
Turritella, 252, 417;
radula, 215, 224
Tyleria, 459
Tylodina, 431
Tylopoma, 416
Tympanotonus, 416
Tyndaria, 447
Typhis, 423

Ultra-dextral shells, 250
Umbonella, 409
Umbonium, 409
Umbrella, 10, 431;
radula, 217, 230
Uncites, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Underground snails, 48
Ungulina, 452
Unicardium, 452
Unio, 452;
shell, 254, 259, 273, 341;
variation, 92
Union of Limax, 128
Unionidae, origin of, 15;
eaten by rats, 57;
larvae, 146
Urocyclus, 331, 440
Urosalpinx, 423
Utriculus, 430
Uvanilla, 409

Vaginula, 245, 319, 343, 352, 443
Vaginulidae, radula, 234;
anus, 241
Valletia, 456
Vallonia, 441
Valvata, 133, 416;
branchia, 159
Valves of Chitonidae, 401 f.
Vanganella, 454
Variation, 82 f.
Varicella, 346, 348
Velates, 260, 410
Velifera, 353, 440
Veliger stage, 131;
mistaken for perfect form, 133
Velorita, 302, 453
Velum, 131
Velutina, 275, 411;
radula, 223
Veneracea, 454
Venericardia, 451
Venerupis, 454
Veniella, 451
Venilicardia, 451
Venus, 270, 271, 446, 454;
V. mercenaria, 97, 374
Verania, 391
Vermetus, 247, 418;
radula, 223
Veronicella, 443
Verticordia, 458
Vertigo, 327, 442;
V. arctica, 287
Vexilla, 423
Vibex, 417
Vitrella, 289
Vitrina, 22, 296 f., 332, 440;
hardy habits, 24;
jumping powers, 65;
shell, 175;
radula, 217
Vitrinella, 408
Vitriniconus, 314, 440
Vitrinoidea, 314, 440
Vitrinozonites, 340, 440
Vitularia, 423
Vivipara, 324, 343, 416
Volume of water, effect in producing variation, 94
Voluta, 267, 425, 425;
spawn, 125;
radula, 217, 221;
distribution, 370;
prices given for rare, 122
Volutaxis, 348
Volutharpa, 267, 424
Volutolithes, 425
Volutolyria, 425;
radula, 222
Volutomitra, 425;
radula, 221
Volutopsis, 423
Volvaria, 429
Volvatella, 430
Volvula, 430
Vulsella, 75, 446, 449

Waldheimia, 464, 467, 468, 473, 474, 487;
size, 484;
distribution, 486;
fossil, 500, 501, 502, 506, 508
Walton and mussel cultivation, 115
Wampum, 97
Warner, R., quoted, 37
Warning coloration, 71 f.
West Coast, South America, melanism of shells occurring on, 85
Whelks, use of, 118
Whitneya, 424
Whitstable, oyster-parks at, 106, 112
Willem, V., on vision of Mollusca, 185
Wollaston, T. V., quoted, 32
Wood, Rev. J. G., on starfish eating oysters, 111
Woodia, 451
Woodward, S. P., on tenacity of life, 38;
Dr., on the same, 38
Wotton, F. W., on egg-laying of Arion, 42
Wright, Bryce, on tenacity of life, 38

Xenophora, 412;
habits, 64
Xenopoma, 346, 351
Xerophila, 285, 296, 441
Xesta, 310, 319, 321, 440;
mimicry by, 66 f.
Xylophaga, 457

Yetus, 425
Yoldia, 447;
genital orifice, 242

Zagrabica, 297
Zebrina, 285, 296, 442
Zeidora, 406
Zidona, 425
Zittelia, 420
Zones of depth, 361
Zonites, 275, 440;
food, 33;
radula, 232;
distribution, 294, 296, 340
Zospeum, 187, 442
Zygobranchiata, 154, 406