P

• Painting, ii. 292;
• pigments used, 294.
• Palette of the Mesopotamian decorator, i. 283.
• Pallacopas, Lake, i. 53.
• Palm-bark, represented by Ninevite sculptors, i. 202.
• Palmyra, i. 349; ii. 374.
• Pamir, i. 21.
• Paradise (or Park), ii. 51.
• Parasol, ii. 203.
• Parthians, succeeded by the Sassanids, i. 57.
• Paving, three systems of, i. 238.
• Pediment, i. 394.
• Péretié, his bronze plaque, i. 349.
• Percy, Dr., ii. 312.
• Pergamus, ii. 286.
• Pericles, ii. 382.
• Περὶ φύσεως, the Greek philosophic poems of the sixth century, ii. 397.
• Perrot and Chipiez, Art in Ancient Egypt quoted, i. 13, 23, 61, 86, 208, 213, 222, 234, 246, 248, 268, 322; ii. 131–135.
• Persepolis, i. 88.
• Phidias, i. 58; ii. 286.
• Philostratus quoted, i. 299, 379.
• Phœnicia, ii. 172.
• Phœnicians, their invention of the alphabet, i. 23.
• Pictography, i. 31.
• Piers, their restricted use, i. 132.
• Pigments, ii. 294.
• Pilasters, i. 216.
• Pinches, T. G., i. 195;
• quoted, ii. 213.
• Pivots (door-pivots), i. 240.
• Place, Victor, quoted, i. 116, 118, 138;
• his discovery of a cedar beam at Khorsabad, 140, 148;
• his opinion on the roofing question, 163;
• statement as to the timber found in the excavations, 164;
• his discovery of fragmentary vaulted ceilings among the ruins, 165, 173, 183, 186–189, 191, 192, 202, 208, 224, 243, 248, 266;
• loss of his collections in the Tigris, 285;
• on the plan of Sargon’s palace at Khorsabad, ii. 32;
• his description of the French consulate at Mossoul, ii. 71;
• his opinion as to the use of colour in Assyrian architecture, 246.
• Planisphere, fragments found at Kouyundjik, i. 72.
• Plans, peculiarities of Mesopotamian, i. 328.
• Plato, ii. 397.
• Plautus, ii. 364.
• Plinth, painted black at Khorsabad, i. 272, 291.
• Pliny, quoted by Rawlinson, i. 4;
• calls the whole of Mesopotamia Assyria, 5, 71;
• quoted, ii. 364.
• Plutarch (pseudo), treatise on Isis and Osiris, i. 58.
• Polychromy, ii. 243;
• traces of colour still perceptible on the sculptures in the Louvre and the British Museum, 248;
• “natural polychromy,” 249.
• Polydemonism, i. 62.
• Polytheism, a development from the worship of stars and planets, i. 75.
• Pompeii, i. 139.
• Pongnon, ii. 61, 226.
• Population, elements of the P. in Mesopotamia, i. 13.
• Porches, i. 218.
• Porphyrius, i. 71.
• Portes ornées, Khorsabad, i. 217, 227.
• Pottery, ii. 298.
• Praxiteles, i. 58; ii. 286.
• Prisse d’Avennes quoted, i. 305.
• Proportions of early Assyrian figures, ii. 203.
• Prostitutions, religious, at Babylon, i. 89, 377.
• Ptah, i. 78, 79.
• Ptolemy, quoted by Rawlinson, i. 4;
• his astronomical canon, i. 71.
• Pyrgoteles, ii. 263.

R

• Racine, ii. 71.
• Raman, i. 75; ii. 89.
• Rassam, H., his discovery of a metal threshold at Borsippa, i. 241, 256;
• his explorations under Sir H. Rawlinson’s surveillance, ii. 7;
• excavations at Kouyundjik, 48, 118.
• Rawlinson, Prof., his description of the physical characteristics of Chaldæa, i. 2, 47, 71, 80, 211, 277;
• quoted, ii. 1;
• quoted in connection with Semiramis, and her possible identification with Sammouramit, 218;
• on the question of polychromy, 247.
• Rawlinson, Sir Henry, quoted, i. 22, 156;
• his explorations, ii. 7.
• Rehoboth, i. 14.
• Rennell, his Herodotus quoted, i. 281.
• Repoussé work, ii. 116.
• Resen, i. 14, 122.
• Rhea, i. 374.
• Rhind, H., i. 279.
• Rhodes, ii. 286.
• Rich, his observations, on the construction of vaults by the native builders of Mesopotamia, i. 167, 261;
• colours used in decoration, 280.
• Roads, for military purposes, ii. 74;
• used by Mesopotamian commerce, 374.
• Rollin, i. 33.
• Rome, ii. 286.
• Roofs, discussion as to how Mesopotamian buildings were roofed, i. 160.
• Ross, his geological explorations, i. 4, n².
• Rouet, M., ii. 225.
• Ruelle, Ch. E., i. 58.
• Ruth quoted, ii. 70.

S

• Sacred tree, i. 212.
• Sacrifices, human, asserted allusions to them on the cylinders, ii. 268.
• Sagaraktyas, i. 315.
• Saïd-Hassan, ii. 174.
• Samarah, i. 3.
• Samas, i. 83;
• tablet of Sippara, 200; ii. 90, 193, 266.
• Samas-Vul II., stele of, ii. 209, 354.
• Sammouramit (? Semiramis), ii. 217.
• Samsibin, i. 39.
• Sandals, in the reliefs, ii. 247.
• Sarbistan, i. 169, 186.
• Sardanapalus, i. 43;
• the Greek myth, 52, 187; ii. 59.
• Sargon, i. 43, 105;
• stele of, found near Larnaca, ii. 219.
• Saryoukin, see Sargon.
• Sarzec, M. de, his discoveries at Tello, i. 24, 279;
• quoted, 382; ii. 33, 141.
• Sassanids, successors of the Parthians, i. 57.
• Sayce, A. H., quoted, i. 33, 69; ii. 263, 346.
• Scabbard, ii. 164, 345.
• Sceptres, how coloured in the reliefs, ii. 247.
• Schenafieh, ii. 176.
• Schlumberger, G., his fragments of the Balawat gates, i. 242; ii. 213.
• Schulze, ii. 232.
• Screw of Archimedes, its asserted use at Babylon, ii. 31.
• Sculpture, absence of women from the reliefs, i. 111;
• practically confined to war and hunting, 111;
• its principal themes, ii. 78;
• its fondness for fantastic animals, 79;
• treatment of the nude, 92;
• the absence of nude figures from the reliefs, 98;
• documentary character of Assyrian sculpture, 101;
• epic or newspaper? 103;
• want of variety in the composition of the reliefs, 104;
• its appearance of improvisation, 104;
• materials used, 109;
• use of clay, 113;
• terra-cotta statuettes, 114;
• its principal conventions, 125;
• statue of Nebo, 126;
• of Assurnazirpal, 126;
• the principles of the bas-reliefs, 128;
• peculiarities of Assyrian statues and figures in relief, 130;
• the Assyrian type, 135;
• are the Assyrian statues Iconic? 138;
• representations of animals, 142;
• proportions of early Assyrian figures, 203;
• its power of selection, 207;
• in the reign of Sargon, 219;
• picturesque details introduced in the time of Sennacherib, 223;
• Egyptian and Assyrian contrasted, 281;
• do. 385.
• Scythians, their invasion of Western Asia, i. 49.
• Seal, in universal use in Babylonia, ii. 251.
• Seistan, i. 2.
• Sekhet, i. 78.
• Seleucia, i. 54, 93, 223.
• Seleucidæ, i. 5, 157.
• Seleucus Nicator, i. 54.
• Seljukian period, carved lions from, i. 262.
• Semi-domes, i. 173.
• Semiramis, i. 33;
• represented on the walls of Babylon according to Ctesias, 283, 361;
• her palaces, ii. 34, 217.
• Semnat, ii. 394.
• Senkereh (or Larsam), i. 38.
• Sennacherib, i. 43;
• his death, 103, 105;
• state of sculpture during his reign, ii. 223;
• his appearance in the Bavian sculptures, ii. 229.
• Seraglio, at Khorsabad, ii. 16.
• Serdabs, i. 139, 383.
• Sesostris, i. 33.
• Seti, ii. 395.
• Sewers, system of, in palaces, i. 227.
• Sexagesimal system, the, of the Babylonians, ii. 398.
• Shah-Nameh, the, i. 20.
• Shalmaneser II., i. 43, 105;
• the gates made for him, 242; ii. 40;
• his obelisk, ii. 110.
• Sharezer, i. 103.
• Shat-el-Arab, i. 7.
• Shat-el-Hai, ii. 174.
• Shem, i. 15.
• Shield, votive, from Lake Van, ii. 347.
• Shinar, i. 14, 18.
• Sidon, i. 16.
• Silius Italicus, ii. 364.
• Sills, i. 239.
• Silver, i. 299.
• Simplicius, his statement as to Babylonian astronomy, i. 71.
• Sin, Assyrian god, i. 201.
• Sinjar, i. 178; ii. 110.
• Sippara, i. 38, 53, 200; ii. 90.
• Sirtella, see Tello.
• Sittacenia, i. 177.
• Smith, George, quoted, i. 36;
• his recognition of the true characters of the Cypriot alphabet, 44;
• translator of texts from Assurbanipal’s library, 48, 71;
• his discovery of limestone bases in the palace of Assurbanipal, 220, 237, 276;
• enamelled brick found by him at Nimroud, 293;
• his discovery of an account of Istar’s descent into limbo, 344;
• his explorations, ii. 7;
• résumé of the monumental history of Calah (Nimroud), 37;
• his description of the site of Arbela, 48;
• his discovery of a small model bull at Nimroud, 115.
• Sockets, granite, &c., for the door-pivots, i. 242;
• from Balawat, 243.
• Sodom, i. 199.
• Soldi, E., ii. 253;
• his description of the process of gem engraving quoted, 259.
• Somalis, ii. 373.
• Sorcery, Chaldæan belief in, i. 65.
• Soury, ii. 397.
• Spoons, metal, ii. 351.
• Staged-towers, difficulty of restoring them accurately, i. 364;
• their monotonous appearance, 366;
• their resemblance to a stepped pyramid, 366;
• description of temple of Bel by Herodotus, 366;
• their various types restored, 370–382;
• their ruins discussed, 382–391.
• Staircases, i. 189–192.
• Steatite, ii. 190.
• Steles, their characteristic forms, i. 236;
• fluted S. with palmette, 258;
• rock-cut S. at Kouyundjik, 259.
• Stone, no dressed S. to be found at Babylon, i. 120;
• bridge at B. said to have been built of stone, 120.
• Strabo, quoted by Rawlinson, i. 4;
• carries western frontier of Assyria up to Syria, 5, 54;
• height of temple of Bel, 130;
• ruined state of the temple in his time, 137;
• his statement as to the prevalence of vaults in Babylon, 169, 176; ii. 251.
• Stylus, for cutting the wedges, i. 28.
• Styx, i. 354.
• Sully-Prudhomme, his lines to the Venus of Milo quoted, ii. 249.
• Sumer, i. 21, 59.
• Sumerian system, the, i. 29.
• Surface decoration in Chaldæa, i. 245.
• Susa, date of its capture by Assurbanipal, i. 36, 52;
• its palace intrigues, 96.
• Susiana, i. 17.
• Sybel, L. von, ii. 285.
• Syene, i. 94.
• Syllabaries, Assyrian, i. 23.
• Syncellus, Georgius, i. 51.
• Syria, ii. 172.
• Syriac, the dominant language in the early centuries of our era, i. 18.

T

• Tablets of gold, silver, antimony, copper, and lead, found at Khorsabad, i. 319.
• Tacitus, i. 5.
• Tadmor, see Palmyra.
• Takht-i-Khosro, i. 170, 185.
• Tammouz, i. 344.
• Tardieu, Amédée, i. 177.
• Tartan, or Grand Vizer, i. 96.
• Tauthé, i. 83.
• Taylor, J. E., quoted, i. 39, 118, 155;
• his explorations of the mounds near the Persian Gulf, 158, 200, 222, 279, 281;
• his explorations at Abou-Sharein, 371; ii. 256.
• Teheran, i. 289.
• Tell-Amran (or, Tell-Amran-ibn-Ali), ii. 35.
• Tello, i. 24, 279, 312;
• angle-stones and foundation talismans found at T., i. 316, 383; ii. 33, 163;
• the discoveries made by M. de Sarzec described, 174;
• subjects of the reliefs, 177.
• Temenos, i. 128.
• Temple, subordinate types of, i. 391–6.
• (see also Staged towers).
• Tents, their forms, i. 175.
• Teradas, i. 10.
• Terah, i. 15.
• Terra-cotta statuettes, early Chaldæan, ii. 195.
• Tête-de-pont, on the Balawat gates, ii. 214.
• Texier quoted, i. 122;
• description of the great mosque at Ispahan, 287.
• Textiles, ii. 363.
• Thapsacus, ii. 374.
• Thebes, i. 56.
• Thomas, Felix, his opinion on the roofing question, i. 163, 224.
• Thothmes III., ii. 284.
• Thresholds, i. 239;
• sometimes of metal, 241.
• Thunderbolt, origin of the classic form of, i. 75.
• Tidjaris, ii. 312.
• Tiele, his Manuel des Religions quoted, i. 60, 86, 89.
• Tiglath-Pileser I., i. 39; ii. 203.
• Tiglath-Pileser II., i. 43; ii. 101, 218.
• Tigris, its inundations, i. 9.
• Tiles, glazed; the manufacture not extinct in India (note by editor), i. 287;
• with central boss, 294.
• Toilet, articles of, ii. 349.
• Tomb, comparison between the Egyptian and Mesopotamian T., i. 336;
• absence of funerary inscriptions, 336;
• no Assyrian tombs yet discovered, 336;
• conjectures as to how the Assyrians disposed of their dead, 337;
• Loftus’s explanation perhaps the best, 338;
• the principle of the Chaldæan tomb similar to that of the Mastaba, 355;
• its shape, 356–360;
• its situation, 360–364.
• Transliteration, difficulties of, i. 17.
• Trees, how indicated in the reliefs, ii. 207, 223.
• Tree of Life, i. 212.
• Tripods, ii. 323.
• Tunica talaria, ii. 94.
• Turanians, said to form part of the early population of Chaldæa, i. 19;
• etymology of the word, 20, 22.
• Turkish compared to the tongue of early Chaldæa, i. 19.
• Turks, their bad administration, i. 11.
• Tyre, i. 16.

U

• Ulbar, temple of, its angle-stone, i. 315.
• Unicorn, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 164.
• Ur, i. 1, 15, 38, 47; ii. 265.
• Uroukh (or Erech), i. 38;
• the stones worshipped in its chief temple, 62.

V

• Van, Lake, i. 395; ii. 213;
• remains of furniture found there, 314.
• Vaults, their common use in Mesopotamia, i. 144;
• their construction without centres, 167;
• their prevalence in Babylon according to Strabo, 169;
• at Firouz-Abad, 169;
• at Sarbistan, 169;
• of Sargon’s gateways, 224.
• Vegetation, marsh, ii. 223.
• Ventilating pipes in Chaldæan buildings, i. 157.
• Virgil quoted, i. 64.
• Vitruvius quoted, i. 116.
• Voguë, de M., ii. 314.
• Volcanoes in the valley of the Khabour, i. 121.
• Volutes, i. 205, 209.
• Vulnirari III., ii. 40.
• Vulush III., ii. 217.

W

• Walls, construction of, i. 147;
• height of W. at Khorsabad, 151;
• ornamentation of W. at Khorsabad, 151;
• of Babylon, as described by Diodorus after Ctesias, 282;
• of Dour-Saryoukin, their good preservation, 282;
• height of the W. of Babylon, ii. 63.
• Warka (the ancient Erech), i. 24, 38, 245, 272;
• palace at, ii. 33, 256, 306, 308.
• Wedges, the, i. 21;
• compared with the hieroglyphs and Chinese characters, 21;
• original constitution of, 23;
• originally perhaps cut on bark of trees, 27;
• terra-cotta peculiarly well adapted for them, 28;
• their ideographic origin, 29.
• Weights, Mesopotamian, ii. 220.
• Wheat, the origin of its cultivation, ii. 399.
• Windows, i. 236.
• Winged bulls, their height, i. 268;
• small model bull from Nimroud, ii. 113.
• Wuswas, i. 245, 272, 371; ii. 33.

X

• Xenephon, i. 112, 151;
• his Anabasis quoted, ii. 59.
• Xerxes, ii. 201.
• Xisouthros, the Chaldæan Noah, i. 36, 315.

Y

• Yang-tse-kiang, ii. 375.
• Yezidis, their houses, i. 178;
• their religious beliefs, ib.; ii. 71.

Z

• Zab, the great, i. 6; ii. 225.
• Zagros, i. 6, 39.
• Zalalu, i. 345.
• Zarpanitu, see Istar.
• Zebu, ii. 373.
• Zend, the study of, a preparation for deciphering the wedges, ii. 4.
• Zephaniah, quoted, i. 302.
• Zeus, i. 369, 374.
• Zigguratt, see Staged towers.
• Zodiac, signs of, origin of, i. 70.