Collins Line, 153, 155 et seq.; construction of ships, 158;
secures premier position, 159; extravagances and losses, 159; subsidy reduced and line ceased,
161; service, 240
Crimean War, 98; iron vessel in the, 316; and shipbuilding yards, 319;
floating batteries, 312, 320; P. & O. steamers employed, 180; steam-ships in the,
312; transports, 183, 239, 262
Cunard Line, 281-287; first Cunarder based on Manx steamer, 87; beginnings,
150; sizes, &c. of first steamers, 151; increase of business, 152; builds iron ships,
153; rivalry with Inman Line, 240; first iron steamer, 243; last paddle-steamer,
246; adopt screw-steamers, 246
Fulton, Robert, as inventor of steamboats, 19; and drawings of John Fitch, 23, 24;
financed by Livingston, 25; his career, 25; experiments with submarines, 26; corresponds with Lord
Stanhope, 27; steamboat experiments, 28; relations with Symington, 28; the Clermont,
30; list of his steamboats, 35; relations with Bell & Miller, 61
Iron ships: first on Long Island Sound, 47; first cross-Channel, 75; introduction of screw propellers,
97; introduction of iron, 191; length of, 194; suitability, 193;
saving in weight, 194; proposal to build iron ships decided, 195; first vessel for commercial purposes,
195; first iron steamer, 195; growth of iron shipbuilding, 196 et seq.; strange vessels,
211; developments, 230; cost of iron ships, 230; tubular type, 235;
first Cunarder, 243; Admiralty’s conservatism against iron, 316
London and tugboats, 341; shipbuilding, 233-234; City Corporation
employees and the Watermen’s Co., 80; County Council steamers, 367; river steamboat service opened, 66
Napier, David, and the boiler of the Comet, 63; and the shape of bows of steamers, 71; provides engines,
72
Napier, Robert & Sons, engines by, 72, 88, 89, 147,
151, 157; and Mr. S. Cunard, 149; present engine of the Comet to South Kensington Museum,
64; and David Kirkaldy, 243; and high-pressure boilers of steel, 279
Peninsular and Oriental (P. & O.) Co., incorporated, 178; first steamer to India, 179; transport over Suez
isthmus, 179; services to India and China, 180; subsidy for Indian mails, 180; Australian
service, 180; difficulties on opening of Suez Canal, 182; overland route through Egypt closed, 182;
ships, 260-261; increase of size of ships, 291, 293; and Australian trade,
294; acquires Blue Anchor Line, 297
Peninsular Steam Navigation Co., 176-178; becomes the P. & O. Co., 178
Penn, John, and Son, engines by, 226, 233, 260; oscillating engines,
201, 314; number of engines fitted by, 315; for the Crimean War, 319;
and screw bearings, 219
Propelling vessels by recoil from cannon, 8; by animals, 2; by steam, early experiments,
10-11; by pumping water, 12; by screws, 29. See alsoPaddle-wheels
Russell, Mr. Scott, and the Wave Queen, 107; and wave-line construction, 236, 316,
320; shipbuilding on the Thames, 204, 234; designs Victoria, 263;
and the Great Eastern, 268, 278
Russian Government ice-breaker, 367; Navy floating dock, 363; royal yachts, 371,
373
Screw propellers, invention of 29; first Manx steamer to use, 92; for sea-going steamers, 97;
supersede paddle-wheels, 191; tried in 1802, 192; earliest attempts to apply, 206,
207; movement of vessels with single screw, 209; twin-screws, 210; first ocean steamer
with twin-screws, 265; fantastic forms, 215; first sea-going vessel with screw, 216;
definitely adopted, 219; lifting propeller, 253; for long voyages, 256; adopted for mail boats,
262; multiple screws, 310; first vessel in the Royal Navy with, 313; removable screws,
318; twin screws, 325; tests of twin screws, 326
Steam-engines: steam experiment of Hero of Alexandria (120 B.C.), 9; of Giovanni Branca,
9; of the Marquis of Worcester, 9; of Blasco de Garay, 10; of Salomon de Caus,
10; of Dr. Denis Papin, 11; of Thomas Savery, 11; of Jonathan Hulls,
12; of Jouffroy d’Abbans, 15; of James Rumsay, 20; of John Fitch, 21;
of Robert Fulton, 31; Symington the inventor of the marine engine, 56; his engine, 58;
first horizontal direct-acting engine, 59; Bell’s engines, 62; Robertson’s engines, 62,
64; Napier’s engines, 72; side-lever type, 72. See alsoEngines
Steam-ship companies’ antagonism to railway-owned vessels, 104
Steam-ships, competition between sailers and steamers, 44; increase from 1820, 75; British ships in 1838,
77; change of ownership and renaming, 78; first to fire a gun in war, 135; development
and progress, 259; Lloyd’s summary quoted for size of large vessels, 291-393; repairs
to ships, 300; built in halves, 301; first in the Royal Navy, 311; eccentric designs,
375 et seq.; future development, 387
Steel, Messrs., of Greenock, ships built by, 134, 151, 157
Steel ships, the building of, 279-310; first steel steamer, 279; first ocean steamer,
281;
Transatlantic steam service, the beginnings of, 98, 122-148; first steamer to cross,
122; sail with steam auxiliary, 122; first crossing from West, 134; Canadian claims,
135; early steam voyages, 138-144