INDEX.
- Abélard, 8, 162, 163.
- Accian, 103, 106, 109; death, 111.
- Acre, 123;
- capture, 148;
- by Saladin, 190;
- siege of, 215 sq.;
- fall, 297;
- divisions in, 366;
- final fall, 367.
- Adela, 148.
- Adhemar of Puy, 83, 105, 113;
- Afdhal, 135, 137.
- Afdhal, son of Saladin, 236.
- Aibek, 356, 361.
- Albigenses, 298, 322, 375.
- Aleppo, 154.
- Aletta, 8.
- Alexander II., 49.
- Alexander III., 15.
- Alexander IV., 363.
- Alexandria, captured, 180.
- Alexius I., 74, 79, 81;
- treachery, 85;
- vengeance of Godfrey, 86;
- character and policy, 88 sq., 244;
- at Nicæa, 95;
- refuses help, 113, 139;
- jealousy, 147.
- Alexius III., reply to Innocent III., 254;
- protests against Venetian invasion, 271;
- cowardice, 276, 277.
- Alexius IV., son of Isaac Angelus, 258, 263;
- plea, 266;
- joins Dandolo, 268;
- at Constantinople, 271, 279;
- breach with crusaders, 281;
- imprisonment and death, 283.
- Alexius Ducas, 282.
- Alfonso VI., 83.
- Algazzali, 60.
- Alhazan, 60.
- Alice, French princess, 222.
- Almoadam Turan Shan, 343, 353-355, 361, 362.
- Alp-Arslan, 62.
- Amalric, 152, 179, 180;
- Amaury I. See Amalric.
- Amaury II., 297.
- Amaury de Montfort, 333.
- Andrew II., Hungary, 303, 305.
- Andronicus, 244, 247.
- Angelus, Isaac. See Isaac Angelus.
- Anjou, Duke of, 355.
- Anna Comnena, quoted, 3, 72, 84;
- picture of Alexius, 88;
- opinion of crossbow, 92.
- Anselm, 7.
- Anselm, Archbishop of Milan, 139.
- Anselme of Ribemont, 94.
- Antioch, siege of, 102 sq.;
- fall, 108 sq.;
- conquered by Bibars, 363.
- Aragon, King of, 363.
- Archambaud, 172.
- Arculf, Bishop, 67.
- Arkas, 122.
- Arnold de Brescia, 163, 198.
- Arnold de Rohes, 128, 135.
- Arsuf, 138, 141, 145;
- destroyed by Bibars, 363.
- Ascalon, 136;
- Assassins, 228, 229.
- Assizes of Jerusalem, 142.
- Asur, 138, 141, 145.
- Athareb, 154.
- Atheling, Edgar, 122.
- Aude, 20.
- Augustine, 66.
- Avicenna, 60.
- Avignon, 375.
- Ayoub, 176, 181.
- Aziz, son of Saladin, 236.
- Bacon, Francis, 11.
- Bacon, Roger, 11, 377.
- Baldwin I., 83;
- at Tarsus, 99;
- quarrel with Tancred, 99;
- defection, 100;
- submission to Pope, 142;
- character, 144;
- King of Jerusalem, 144 sq.;
- exploits, 144 sq.;
- marriage, 148;
- death, 149.
- Baldwin II., 145, 147;
- succeeds to throne of Jerusalem, 150;
- character, 150;
- captured, 150;
- liberated, 152;
- died, 152;
- helps Moslems, 154;
- Templars, 158.
- Baldwin III., 152, 153, 173;
- Baldwin IV., 182 sq.
- Baldwin V., 184.
- Baldwin I., Constantinople, 21;
- assaults Constantinople, 275;
- elected Emperor of Constantinople, 292, 293;
- strife with Boniface, 293;
- death, 294.
- Baldwin II., Constantinople, 322, 332.
- Baldwin du Bourg. See Baldwin II.
- Balian d’Iselin, 191.
- Baliol, John, 363.
- Baneas, 358.
- Barbarossa, 34, 198;
- character, 209;
- third crusade, 209 sq., 212;
- treatment of Greeks, 212;
- death, 213.
- Baronius, “Dark Ages,” 6.
- Barthelemi, Peter, 114, 118;
- Bavaria, Duke of, 140.
- Beauvais, Bishop of, 24.
- Becket, Thomas à, 200.
- Beirut, fall of, 148.
- Benedict III., 69.
- Benedict VIII., 57.
- Benedict IX., 45.
- Ben-Musa, 60.
- Berengaria, 222.
- Bérenger, 7.
- Bernard of Brittany, 67.
- Bernard of Clairvaux, 8, 23;
- against Abélard, 162;
- second crusade, 164, 166 sq.;
- failure and death, 177;
- opinion of Henry II., 201.
- Bernard of Clugny, hymn, 1.
- Berthier of Orleans, hymn, 1.
- Bertrade, 152.
- Bertrand, 148.
- Bethlehem, 124.
- Bibars Bendoctar, 345-347, 353, 362, 363, 365.
- Bibliography, v.-ix.
- Biblus, fall of, 148.
- Blachern, palace of, 250.
- Blanche of Castile, 330, 336, 357, 358.
- Blondel, 234.
- Bohemond of Taranto, 83 sq.;
- relations to Alexius, 87, 89, 90;
- at Antioch, 105, 106;
- treats for sovereignty of Antioch, 108;
- enters Antioch, 110;
- quarrel with Raymond, 120, 121;
- attacks Maarah, 121;
- submission to Pope, 142, 144, 145;
- exploits, 147 sq.;
- death, 148;
- invades Greek dominions, 247.
- Boniface VIII., humiliation of Papacy, 375.
- Boniface of Montferrat, 258, 259, 261, 268, 271;
- assaults Constantinople, 275;
- plots, 282;
- emperorship, 292;
- disloyalty, 293;
- death, 294.
- Bouvines, battle of, 302.
- Bozrah, 153.
- Brabant, Duke of, 237, 240.
- Brunhilde, 24.
- Bruno, 60.
- Bucolion, palace of, 250.
- Byron, quoted, 294.
- Cæsarea, captured by Baldwin, 145;
- destroyed by Bibars, 363.
- Cæsarea on the Orontes, 179.
- Cæsarea Philippi, 358.
- Cairo, 343.
- Calixtus II., 162.
- Cambray, Bishop of, 68.
- Cambridge, University of, 378.
- Capitularies of Charlemagne, 35, 48.
- Capuano, Peter, 262.
- Carac, fall of, 214.
- Carismians, 324 sq.
- Castile, King of, 363.
- Celibacy, 48.
- Cencius, 70.
- Charlemagne, 17, 19, 48, 55, 67, 242;
- Charles Martel, 56.
- Charles the Bold, 56.
- Chegger-Eddour, 343, 353-355, 361, 362.
- Chivalry, rules, etc., 26 sq.
- Chosroes, 66, 133.
- Cid, the, 58, 83.
- Cimabue, 377.
- Civitat, massacre, 81.
- Clarendon, Assizes of, 200.
- Clement II., 46.
- Clement V., 375.
- Clermont, Council of, 74.
- Cologne Cathedral, 377.
- Coloman, King of Hungary, 79, 80.
- Commune, 377.
- Comnena, Anna. See Anna Comnena.
- Comnenus, Isaac, 244.
- Comnenus, John, 152.
- Conrad, brother of Boniface, 258.
- Conrad, marshal of German empire, 139.
- Conrad III., 167, 170;
- at Jerusalem, 173;
- Damascus, 145;
- return, 176.
- Conrad IV., 334, 357.
- Conrad of Montferrat, 214;
- at Acre, 216;
- claims to Jerusalem, 218;
- supported by Philip Augustus, 223;
- plots, 227;
- assassinated, 228.
- Constance, daughter of Philip I., 148.
- Constantine, 65.
- Constantine, minister of finance, 277.
- Constantinople, history of, 242 sq.;
- great fire, 281;
- fall, 284 sq.;
- Latin kingdom, 291 sq.;
- weakness, 322, 328.
- Constantinople, Patriarch of, 287.
- Corfu, 268 sq.
- Councils, Lateran, 49, 198.
- Courçon, Cardinal, 302.
- Cross, True, 133.
- Crusade, first, 78 sq., 82 sq., 91 sq., 96 sq., 101 sq., 108 sq., 112 sq., 120 sq., 134 sq.;
- Crusade, second, cause, 155, 165, 166 sq.
- Crusade, third, 206 sq., 215 sq., 219 sq.
- Crusade, fourth, 242 sq., 252, 253 sq., 260 sq., 268 sq., 274 sq., 284 sq., 291 sq.
- Crusade, fourth, pseudo, 241.
- Crusade, fifth, 301 sq.
- Crusade, sixth, 313 sq.
- Crusade, seventh, 328 sq.
- Crusade, eighth, 361 sq.
- Crusade, Children’s, 298 sq.
- Crusades, fascination of subject, 1;
- causes, 3 sq.;
- state of society, 6 sq., 40 sq.;
- papal policy, 43 sq.;
- results, 368 sq.
- See Crusade, First, Second, etc., Chivalry, Feudalism, Mohammedanism, Peter the Hermit, Pilgrimages, Urban II.
- Cyprus, 222, 228.
- Dagobert, 142, 144.
- Dahir, son of Saladin, 236.
- Damascus, Prince of, 152, 153.
- Damascus, siege of, 174 sq.;
- Damascus, Sultan of, relations to Louis IX., 356, 358.
- Damasus II., 46.
- Damietta, siege of, 305, 306, 309;
- victory of Louis IX., 338 sq.;
- surrender, 353 sq.
- Dandolo, Henry, 248, 251, 252, 256, 257;
- perfidy, 260 sq.;
- attacks Zara, 264;
- joined by Alexius, 268;
- diplomacy, 268 sq.;
- captures Golden Horn, 272;
- attack on Constantinople, 275;
- further plots, 280, 282;
- second attack, 284 sq.;
- refuses to contest election to kingdom of Constantinople, 291, 292;
- his choice, 292;
- death, 294.
- “Dark Ages,” according to Baronius, 6.
- Dârôm, 229.
- Domenicho, Michaeli, 151.
- Dominic, 19.
- Dorylæum, battle of, 96 sq.
- Ducas, Alexius, 282.
- Du Guesclin, 10.
- Duomo, 377.
- Edessa, fall of, 154, 155.
- Edgar Atheling, 122.
- Edmund, prince of England, 363.
- Edward, prince of England, 363, 366.
- Egypt, caliph of, 105, 122.
- Eleanor, Queen, 167, 171;
- rupture with Louis, 173;
- divorce, 198;
- character, 201;
- released by Richard, 202;
- appeals to Pope, 233;
- ransom of Richard, 234.
- Eleemon, John, 157.
- Elizabeth of Hungary, 316.
- Elvira, daughter of Alfonso VI., 83.
- Emico, 80.
- England, during crusades, 370;
- Magna Charta, 377;
- Parliament, 377.
- Eremi, 7.
- Estate, Third, 377.
- Eustace, son of Godfrey, 83.
- Eustace Grenier, 151.
- Evrard des Barras, 172.
- Exerogorgo, siege of, 81.
- Fakr Eddin, 340, 345.
- Fatimites, 181.
- Feudalism, 32 sq.
- Finlay, quoted, 62.
- Florine, 104.
- Foulcher of Chartres, 110;
- desertion, 113;
- scepticism, 115.
- Foulque of Anjou, 152, 158.
- Foulques the Black, 20, 69.
- France, effect of crusades on, 161;
- at close of crusades, 369.
- Francis of Assisi, 19, 308, 309.
- “Frank,” meaning, 371.
- Frankfort, Synod of, 49.
- Frederick I. See Barbarossa.
- Frederick II., fifth crusade, 302;
- sixth crusade, 313 sq.;
- life and character, 313 sq.;
- acquires Jerusalem, 319;
- returns, 321, 323;
- relations to Innocent IV., 329, 334;
- generosity, 337;
- death, 357.
- Frederick of Swabia, 209, 213, 218.
- Frotmonde, 69.
- Fulque, priest, 254.
- Gaita, 24.
- Galata, 273.
- Galileo, 60.
- Garnier, 144.
- Gautier of Brienne, 327.
- Gaza, 326.
- Genghis Khan, 324.
- Geoffrey, son of Henry II., 201.
- Geoffrey de Sargines, 349.
- Gerard, Master of Hospitallers, 157.
- Gerard of Avernes, 141.
- “German tax,” 246.
- Germany, during crusades, 370.
- Ghibelline, 334.
- Gibbon, quoted, 79, 81, 89.
- Gilbert, 172.
- Godfrey of Bouillon, 8;
- career, 82 sq.;
- expedition, 86;
- relations to Alexius, 86;
- at Dorylæum, 97;
- Antioch, 107;
- straits, 113;
- discretion, 120;
- services to Moslems, 121;
- attacks Jerusalem, 121 sq.;
- spoils, 133;
- Baron of Holy Sepulchre, 134 sq.;
- Ascalon, 136 sq.;
- quarrel with Raymond, 138;
- rule, 140;
- attacks Asur, 141;
- submission to Pope, 142;
- Assizes of Jerusalem, 142;
- death and character, 142, 143;
- assists Hospitallers, 157;
- gifts to Papacy, 371.
- Godric, 146.
- Golden Horn, captured, 273.
- Gottschalk, 80.
- Green, quoted, 21.
- Gregory V., 45.
- Gregory VI., 45.
- Gregory VII. See Hildebrand.
- Gregory IX., 300, 315, 316 sq., 322, 323;
- Grosseteste, Robert, 374.
- Guelph, 334.
- Guibert, antipope, 50.
- Guibert, quoted, 77, 105.
- Guiscard, Robert, 24, 83, 84, 247.
- Guizot, quoted, 33, 37, 199;
- portrait of Richard I., 202;
- of Louis VIII., 330.
- Gunther, 288, 289.
- Guy d’Ibelin, 354.
- Guy of Lusignan, 185, 188, 189;
- disregards oath, 214;
- maintains right to sceptre, 218;
- supported by Richard, 223;
- Cyprus, 228.
- Hadrian IV., 201.
- Hallam, quoted, 9, 11, 30, 34.
- Hamah, 154.
- Hanifs, 52.
- Hanseatic League, 378.
- Harding, 147.
- Haroun-al-Raschid, 55, 67.
- Hassan, 228.
- Helena, 65, 133.
- Henry, brother of Baldwin, 294.
- Henry I., England, 21, 138, 164.
- Henry II., England, 34;
- crown of Jerusalem, 186;
- possessions, 199, 201;
- death, 201;
- relations to Philip Augustus, 206 sq.
- Henry III., England, 331, 357.
- Henry III., Germany, 46.
- Henry IV., Germany, papal opposition, 23, 47, 49;
- relations to Godfrey, 82.
- Henry V., Germany, 161.
- Henry VI., Germany, 232, 234, 237;
- in Sicily, 238;
- death, 240;
- “German tax,” 246.
- Henry Dandolo. See Dandolo.
- Henry of Hesse, 334.
- Henry of Sicily, 247.
- Heraclius, Greek emperor, 67, 133.
- Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 186.
- Herbaud, 10.
- Hezas, emir of, 121.
- Hildebrand, 8, 39;
- reforms, 44, 46, 47;
- claims, 47 sq.;
- reliance on emperor, 49;
- bull against Henry IV., 49;
- negotiations with Greeks, 50;
- alliance with Saracens, 58;
- summons against the Turks, 62;
- sends Cencius on pilgrimage, 70.
- Holy Lance, 114 sq.
- Honorius II., 166.
- Honorius III., 303.
- Hospitallers, 156 sq.;
- Saladin’s revenge, 190;
- permitted to remain in Jerusalem, 193;
- rivalries, 236, 297, 367;
- refuse help to Frederick II., 318;
- overtures to Louis IX., 338, 355;
- at Mansourah, 345, 347.
- Hovenden, quoted, 221.
- Hugh Capet, 33.
- Hugh de Payen, 158.
- Hugh de Puzas, 219, 232.
- Hugh of Vermandois, 116, 140.
- Humphrey, 218.
- Iconium, Sultan of, 170, 246.
- Ida of Austria, 139, 140.
- Ida of Bouillon, 8, 82.
- “Il Consolato del Mare,” 379.
- Innocent II., 162.
- Innocent III., 253, 262;
- hastens crusaders, 265, 279;
- rebuke, 290;
- preaches fifth crusade, 301-303;
- guardianship of Frederick II., 313;
- absolute power, 374.
- Innocent IV., 328, 329, 334, 357, 374.
- Inquisition, 374.
- Iolante, 314.
- Ireland, time of Henry II., 200.
- Irene, daughter of Isaac Comnenus, 247.
- Irene, opinion of Alexius, 88.
- Isaac, King of Cyprus, 222.
- Isaac Angelus, 211, 212, 217, 258, 267, 278, 281, 282.
- Isaac Comnenus, 244.
- Isabella, widow of Conrad, 228.
- Isabella, wife of Amaury II., 297.
- Jaffa, in third crusade, 226, 230, 238;
- conquered by Bibars, 363.
- James of Vitri, 302.
- Jean Tristan, 351, 365.
- Jerome, St., to Paulinus, 66.
- Jerusalem, Assizes of, 142.
- Jerusalem, Patriarch of, 72, 303.
- Jerusalem, under Omar, 55;
- fall of, 63;
- captured by Chosroes, 66;
- by crusaders, 125 sq.;
- under Saladin, 192;
- acquisition by Frederick, 319;
- carnage under Carismians, 326, 327.
- Jews, persecution of, 204.
- Joanna, sister to Richard I., 222, 227.
- John, Cardinal, 247.
- John, King of England, 232, 233;
- John VIII., 56.
- John X., 57.
- John Baliol, 363.
- John Comnenus, 152.
- John Eleemon, 157.
- John of Brienne, 297, 298, 307, 310, 311, 318, 320, 322.
- Joinville, Prince de, 335, 336, 338, 344, 347, 348, 350, 353-355, 358.
- Josselin II., 155.
- Josselin de Courtenay, 147, 150, 154.
- Kanabos, Nicholas, 282.
- Kerbogha, 109, 112, 115, 116;
- Khalil, 367.
- Kilidge-Arslan, 81, 91, 94, 97;
- routed, 117;
- revenge, 139;
- third crusade, 212.
- Koran. See Mohammed.
- Koutouz, 362.
- La Marche, 331.
- Lance, Holy, 114 sq.
- Lanfranc, 7.
- Lascaris, 275, 322.
- Lateran Councils. See Councils.
- Leo IX., 46.
- Leopold of Austria, 227, 232 sq.
- Liegnitz, battle of, 325.
- Litz, Martin, 288.
- Longchamp, 220, 232.
- Longsword, William, 342, 345, 346.
- Lothaire, 164.
- Louis, St. See Louis IX.
- Louis, St., laws of, 34, 35.
- Louis IV. (the Fat), 36, 161.
- Louis VI., 33.
- Louis VII., 164, 166, 167;
- rupture with Eleanor, 173;
- at Jerusalem, 173;
- Damascus, 174;
- return, 176;
- divorce, 198.
- Louis VIII., 330.
- Louis IX., 330;
- character, 331 sq.;
- seventh crusade, 333, 335 sq.;
- valor, 339, 346, 349;
- illness, 348, 350;
- overtures to sultan, 348;
- prisoner, 350 sq.;
- liberation, 353 sq.;
- treaty with sultan, 358;
- broken, 358;
- grief at death of Blanche, 359;
- return, 359, 360;
- eighth crusade, 363 sq.;
- death, 365, 366;
- revolt against Rome, 375.
- Louis of Chartres and Blois, 255.
- Lucius III., letter to Henry II., 186.
- Ludwig, Landgrave of Thuringia, 316.
- Lydda, 123.
- Lyons, Council of, 329.
- Maarah, 121.
- Mad Hakem, 57, 68.
- Magna Charta, 377.
- Malek-Ahdel, 192, 227, 236, 238, 240;
- treaty with Dandolo, 262, 280;
- renewal of truce, 297;
- policy, 304;
- death, 306.
- Malek-Kamel, 308, 309, 316, 318, 320.
- Malek-Shah, 62, 63.
- Mamelukes, 361 sq.
- Mansourah, 310, 343, 344 sq.
- Manuel, 168, 170, 179.
- Manzikert, battle of, 62.
- Marco Polo, 378.
- Margaret of Hungary, 237, 241.
- Margarit, Admiral, 214.
- Marguerite, wife of Louis IX., 330, 335, 339, 341, 351, 353, 354, 359.
- Maria, daughter of Manuel, 259.
- Maria, widow of Isaac, 292.
- Maria of Constantinople, 246.
- Mariolatry, 53.
- Marozia, 44.
- Martin Litz, 288.
- Mary, daughter of Isabella, 297, 298, 314.
- Matilda, Countess, 8;
- Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, 21, 199.
- Matthew Paris, reference to Tartars, 325;
- to Blanche of Castile, 330;
- to Henry III., 357.
- Melisende, 152, 173.
- Melun, Count of, 113.
- Merlin, prediction of, 202.
- Merseburg, crusading army at, 80.
- Michael, Emperor, 63.
- Michaud, criticised, 3.
- Michelet, quoted, 161.
- Milman, quoted, 4, 132.
- Milo de Plausy, 182.
- Moguls, 324.
- Mohammed, 51 sq.
- Mohammed, Sultan of Carismia, 324.
- Mohammed II., 275, 380.
- Mohammedanism, 51 sq.
- Montferrat, Marquis of, 184, 214.
- Mortmain, Statute of, 375.
- Mourtzouphlos, 282, 283, 285, 294.
- Nahr Falik, 225.
- Nazareth, destroyed by Bibars, 363.
- Negmeddin, 338, 343.
- Nicæa, fall of, 91 sq.
- Nicephorus, 25.
- Nicetas, quoted, 212, 270, 271, 273, 285-287.
- Nichita, Bulgarian prince, 79.
- Nicholas, boy, 299.
- Nicholas IV., 367.
- Nicholas Kanabos, 282.
- Nicholas Roux, 271.
- Nisch, Peter’s army at, 79.
- Norgate, quoted, 200.
- Nourredin, 155, 175;
- Octai, 324.
- Odoacer, 242.
- Oleron, Laws of, 379.
- Oliver, 20.
- Omar, 55.
- Ortuk, 73.
- Othello, Shakespeare’s, 59.
- Othman, 70.
- Otho, contest with Philip of Swabia, 298, 302.
- Otho the Great, 34.
- Oxford, University of, 378.
- Padua, University of, 378.
- Palazzo Vecchio, 377.
- Papacy, effect of crusades on, 161 sq., 371 sq.
- Paris, University of, 378.
- Parliament, English, 377.
- Paschal II., 23;
- sanctions Hospitallers, 157, 162.
- Paula, companion of Jerome, 66.
- Paulinus, 66.
- Pears, Edward, quoted, 295.
- Pelagius, Cardinal, 307, 309-311.
- Pelusium, captured, 180.
- Pembroke, Earl of, 363.
- Peter Barthelemi, 114, 118;
- Peter Capuano, 262.
- Peter the Hermit, not solely responsible for crusades, 3;
- career, 71 sq.;
- meets chieftains, 91;
- desertion, 105;
- messenger to Kerbogha, 115;
- before Jerusalem, 129;
- end of career, 138.
- Petrarch, 377.
- Pharamella the Moor, 196.
- Philip, son of Louis IX., 365.
- Philip I., 148, 152.
- Philip Augustus, 199, 201;
- third crusade, 207 sq., 219 sq.;
- anger at Richard, 222;
- declares for Conrad, 223;
- jealousies, 223;
- returns, 225;
- plots, 232, 233, 237;
- fifth crusade, 302.
- Philip of Swabia, 258, 261;
- message to Zara, 266;
- contest with Otho, 298;
- emperorship, 292.
- Philip the Fair, 375.
- Phirous, 108, 109, 111.
- Piacenza, Synod of, 74.
- Pilgrimages, 64 sq.
- Pisano, 377.
- Poitiers, Count of, 343, 355.
- Portugal, King of, 363.
- Pragmatic Sanction, 375.
- Ptolemaïs. See Acre.
- Ptolemaïs, emir of, 123.
- Ramleh, 123;
- Raymond d’Agiles, 133.
- Raymond de Puy, 157.
- Raymond of Poitiers, 172.
- Raymond of Toulouse, 22, 83;
- expedition, 87;
- at Dorylæum, 97;
- Antioch, 106;
- defiance of Bohemond, 108;
- straits at Antioch, 113;
- quarrels with Bohemond, 120, 121;
- attacks Maarah, 121;
- besieges Arkas, 122;
- Jerusalem, 130, 131;
- clemency, 133;
- plots, 135;
- sulks, 136;
- at Ascalon, 137;
- claims Ascalon, 137;
- quarrel with Godfrey, 138;
- after first crusade, 139;
- flight, 140;
- submission to Pope, 142;
- death, 148.
- Raymond of Tripoli, 182, 183, 187, 189.
- Redowan, 121.
- Renaud of Carac, 183, 189, 190.
- Renoart, 20.
- Reynier, brother of Boniface, 259.
- Rheims, Archbishop of, 94.
- Rheims, Council of, 45.
- Richard I., 24, 34, 201;
- character, 202;
- releases Eleanor, 202;
- crowned, 203;
- vow, 205;
- recklessness, 208;
- third crusade, 219 sq.;
- quarrels with Tancred and Philip, 222, 223;
- subdues Cyprus, 222;
- declares for Guy, 223;
- massacres Moslems, 225;
- at Nahr Falik, 225;
- Jaffa, 226;
- finesse, 227;
- retreat, 229, 230;
- recaptures Jaffa, 230;
- peace, 231;
- returns, 232;
- prisoner, 232 sq.;
- release, 234;
- hatred of Philip Augustus, 237;
- gives Cyprus to Templars, 246;
- traditional author of “Laws of Oleron,” 379.
- Richard of Cornwall, 323.
- Robert, brother of Henry I., England, 21.
- Robert d’Artois, 342, 344, 347.
- Robert de Clari, quoted, 260.
- Robert Guiscard. See Guiscard.
- Robert of Flanders, 23, 85;
- expedition, 87;
- at Antioch, 110.
- Robert of France, 18.
- Robert of Leicester, 233.
- Robert of Normandy, 70, 85;
- expedition, 87;
- at Dorylæum, 96 sq.;
- desertion, 105;
- refuses help, 136;
- at Ascalon, 137, 138;
- end of career, 138.
- Roger de Wendover, 202.
- Roger of Sicily, 11, 168, 247.
- Roland, 20.
- Rollo, 7.
- Romanus IV., 62.
- Rosamond, 201, 202.
- Rudolph, 82.
- Rufinus, Bishop of Acre, 189.
- Sa’di, 297.
- Safed, destroyed by Bibars, 363.
- Saif Eddin, 362.
- St. John, Knights of. See Hospitallers.
- St. Sophia, Church of, 250.
- Saladin, 176, 180;
- rise, 181;
- defeat at Ascalon, 183;
- revenge on Renaud, 183, 190;
- victories, 187 sq.;
- revenge on Templars, 190;
- fall of Jerusalem, 191 sq.;
- generosity, 192, 193;
- challenge of Barbarossa, 210;
- his reply, 211;
- attacks Tyre, 214;
- Tripoli, 214;
- Carac, 214;
- releases Guy, 214;
- at Acre, 215 sq., 225;
- courtesies, 223, 224;
- at Nahr Falik, 225;
- burns Ascalon, 227;
- finesse, 227, 228;
- captures Jaffa, 230;
- peace, 231;
- death, 235.
- Saladin’s tithe, 207, 208.
- Salisbury Cathedral, 377.
- Santa Croce, 377.
- Saracens. See Mohammedans.
- Saxony, Duke of, 237, 240.
- Scott, Walter, quoted, 24;
- Seljuk, 61.
- Semlin, looted by Peter, 79.
- Shirkuh, 180.
- Sibylla, 184, 185, 192;
- Sidon, capture, 149.
- Sigur of Norway, 149.
- Simeon, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 72.
- Simon de Montfort, 237, 298.
- Sismondi, quoted, 15.
- Soissons, Bishop of, 284, 293.
- Solyman, 63, 102.
- Stanley, quoted, 19.
- Stephen, boy, 299.
- Stephen, King, 199.
- Stephen of Blois, 85, 87, 101;
- Stephen of Burgundy, 147.
- Suger of St. Denis, 168, 176, 177, 199.
- Sweno of Denmark, 104.
- Sylvester II., 7, 45.
- Tancred, agent of William II., 247.
- Tancred de Hauteville, 84, 85, 90, 97;
- at Tarsus, 99;
- quarrel with Baldwin, 99;
- character, 105;
- valor, 106;
- at Bethlehem, 124;
- Jerusalem, 131;
- clemency, 133;
- Ascalon, 136 sq.;
- Godfrey’s right hand, 141;
- escape, 147;
- death and character, 149.
- Tancred of Sicily, 222.
- Tarik, 56.
- Tarsus, 99.
- Tartars, 324 sq.;
- overtures to Louis IX., 337;
- progress, 362.
- Tasso, quoted, 24, 25, 126.
- Templars, 158, 159;
- Saladin’s revenge, 190;
- rivalries, 236, 298, 367;
- get Cyprus, 246;
- refuse help to Frederick II., 318;
- overtures to Louis IX., 338;
- at Mansourah, 345, 347;
- ask Louis to remain in Syria, 355;
- abolished, 375.
- Teutonic Knights, 159;
- ask Louis to remain in Syria, 355.
- Theobald of Champagne, 228, 255, 258.
- Theodora, 44.
- Theodora, daughter, 44.
- Theodora, sister of Isaac Angelus, 259.
- Theodora, wife of Baldwin II., 179.
- Theodore Lascaris, 275, 322.
- Thibaut V., 322, 323.
- Thibaut of Champagne, 164.
- Thierri, 172, 175.
- Thierry, quoted, 12.
- Third Estate, 377.
- Thoron, 239.
- Thoros, 100.
- Tiberias, battle of, 187 sq.
- Tolosa, battle of, 298.
- Tortosa, 122.
- Tripoli, captured, 148;
- resists Saladin, 214;
- fall, 297.
- Tristan, Jean, 357, 365.
- Troubadours, 377.
- Troyes, Bishop of, 284.
- Truce of God, 17.
- Tunis, 364.
- Turkomans, 358.
- Turks, 60 sq.;
- Tyre, fall of, 152, 297.
- Urban II., not solely responsible for crusades, 3;
- his opportunity, 50, 63;
- speech at Clermont, 70, 74;
- commissions Peter, 72;
- synod at Piacenza, 74;
- absolves crusaders, 373.
- Urban III., 194.
- Vataces, 322.
- Vaux, Abbot of, 264.
- Vecchio, Palazzo, 377.
- Venice, relations with East, 248.
- Victor III., 45.
- Villehardouin, 255, 256, 263, 278, 285.
- Vivien, 23.
- Volkman, 80.
- Waldenses, 197, 198, 375.
- Waldo, Peter, 197, 198.
- Walter the Penniless, 78.
- Warwick, Earl of, 363.
- Westminster Abbey, 377.
- William, brother of Tancred, 97.
- William II., Sicily, 247.
- William of Champeaux, 8.
- William of Orange, 23.
- William of Poitiers, 139, 140.
- William of Salisbury, 342, 345, 346.
- William of Scotland, 201.
- William of Sicily, 247.
- William of Tyre, 80, 182, 184;
- William Rufus, 21, 85.
- William the Conqueror, 21.
- Worms, Concordat of, 162.
- Zara, 261 sq.
- Zenghi, 152 sq.