History of the United States of America: During the first Administration of James Madison Volume 6 (of 9)

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INDEX TO VOLS. I. AND II.

Act of Congress, of Jane 28, 1809, restoring intercourse with Great Britain, i. 80;
of June 28, 1809, suspending the recruiting service, 85;
of June 28, 1809, reducing the naval establishment, 85;
of March 1, 1810, concerning the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France, 194–198 (see Non-intercourse);
of Feb 14, 1810, appropriating sixty thousand dollars for the Cumberland Road, 209;
of March 26, 1810, providing for the Third Census, 209;
of March 30, 1810, appropriating five thousand dollars for experiments on the submarine torpedo, 209;
of Feb. 20, 1811, admitting the State of Louisiana into the Union, 326;
of Jan. 15, 1811, authorizing the occupation of East Florida, 327;
of March 2, 1811, reviving non-intercourse against Great Britain, 338–354 (see Non-intercourse);
of Jan. 11, 1812, to raise an additional military force of twenty-five thousand men, ii. 147, 153;
of Feb. 6, 1812, to accept volunteers, 159–161;
of March 14, 1812, authorizing a loan for eleven million dollars, 169;
of April 4, 1812, laying an embargo for ninety days, 201, 202, 203;
of April 8, 1812, admitting the State of Louisiana into the Union, 235;
of April 10, 1812, authorizing a call for one hundred thousand militia, 204;
of June 18, 1812, declaring war against Great Britain, 228, 229;
of July 1, 1812, doubling the duties on imports, 235;
of Dec. 12, 1812, increasing the pay of the army, 435;
of Jan. 20, 1813, increasing the bounty for recruits, 436;
of Jan. 2, 1813, for building four seventy-fours and six frigates, 436;
of Jan. 5, 1813, remitting fines, forfeitures, etc., 443;
of Feb. 8, 1813, authorizing loan of sixteen millions, 448;
of Feb. 25, 1813, authorizing the issue of Treasury notes for five millions, 448;
of Jan. 29, 1813, for raising twenty regiments for one year, 449;
of Feb. 24, 1813, for appointing six major-generals and six brigadiers, 449;
of March 3, 1813, to provide for the supplies of the army, 449;
of March 3, 1813, for the better organization of the general staff, 449;
of March 3, 1813, for building six sloops-of-war, 449;
of March 3, 1813, for the regulation of seamen on board the public and private vessels of the United States, 453–458.
Act of the territorial legislature of Indiana, permitting the introduction of slaves, ii. 76.
Adams, President, expenditures of his administration, i. 200, 205, 206.
Adams, John Quincy, nominated as minister to Russia, i. 11;
renominated and confirmed, 86;
nominated and confirmed Justice of the Supreme Court, 360;
sails for Russia, 408;
arrives, 409;
his negotiations in 1809, 409, 411;
his negotiations in 1810, 412–418;
his success, 419, 420, 422.
“Adams,” brig, launched at Detroit, ii. 304;
captured and recaptured, 347;
destroyed, 347.
“Adams,” 28-gun frigate, ii. 364.
“Aeolus,” case of, ii. 273.
“Aeolus,” British frigate, ii. 368.
“Africa,” British frigate, ii. 368.
Albany, headquarters of Dearborn, ii. 304, 305, 308, 309, 310.
“Alert,” British sloop-of-war, her action with the “Essex,” ii. 35, 377.
Alexander, Czar of Russia, with Napoleon at Erfurt, i. 23;
his alliance with Napoleon, 134, 257;
his approaching rupture with Napoleon, 385, 408–424;
interferes for American commerce in Denmark, 410, 411;
his reply to Napoleon’s demands, 413, 414;
gives special orders to release American ships, 415;
his attachment to the United States, 415;
his ukase on foreign trade, 418.
Amelia Island, i. 165.
Anderson, Joseph, senator from Tennessee, defeats mission to Russia, i. 12;
criticises Giles, ii. 150;
chairman of committee on declaration of war, 228.
“Argus,” sloop-of-war, ii. 363, 364, 378, 381.
Armistice between Dearborn and Prevost, ii. 322, 323, 324, 404;
known to Brock, 330;
disavowed by Madison, 340, 404;
an advantage to Dearborn, 343;
proposed by Monroe, 403;
proposed by Admiral Warren, 416.
Armstrong, John, minister in Paris, his discontent, i. 28;
his relations with Roumanzoff, 29;
his complaints in 1809, 39;
communicates Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, 135, 235;
his comments on the right of search, 145;
his interview with King Louis of Holland, 147, 148;
his despatch on Fouché and Montalivet, 224;
on Napoleon’s motives, 225;
his minute for a treaty, 228;
his recall asked by Napoleon, 228, 229, 252;
his remonstrance against the doctrine of retaliation, 233, 234;
his report of Jan. 10, 1810, 238;
inquires condition of revoking decrees, 251;
communicates Non-intercourse Act of May 1, 1810, 252;
his reception of Cadore’s letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 259, 260;
returns to America, 260, 261, 381;
declares Napoleon’s conditions to be not precedent, 261;
silent about indemnity, 260, 296;
Virginian jealousy of, 370;
on Napoleon’s designs on the Baltic, 417;
becomes brigadier-general, ii. 427;
his attitude towards Monroe and Madison, 426, 427;
nominated Secretary of War, 428;
his character, 428.
Army, in 1809, i. 169;
described by Wilkinson, 170, 171;
encamped at Terre aux Bœufs, 171–175;
reductions in 1810, 200–207;
raised by law to thirty-five thousand men, ii. 148, 151–153;
useless, 165;
condition of, 289, 292;
recruiting for, 294;
war establishment in 1812, 295;
enlistments in, 337, 390, 391, 401;
difficulty of filling, 394;
Acts of Congress for filling ranks of, 435, 436;
war establishment in 1813, 449 (See Infantry.)
“Asia,” American ship, burned by French squadron, ii. 193, 198.
Astor, John Jacob, ii. 301.
Austria, i. 27, 134;
fights battles of Essling and Wagram, 106.

Bacon, Ezekiel, member of Congress from Massachusetts, ii. 156;
votes against frigates, 164;
moves war taxes, 165, 166.
Baen, William C., captain of Fourth U. S. Infantry, killed at Tippecanoe, ii. 104.
Bainbridge, William, captain in U. S. navy, ii. 384;
takes command of the “Constitution,” 384;
captures “Java,” 385, 386.
Baltimore, population in 1810, i. 289.
Baltimore riot, July 27, 1812, ii. 406–409.
Bank of the United States, i. 167;
bill introduced for rechartering, 207, 208;
hostile influence of State Banks, 327, 330, 332, 335, 336;
pretexts for opposition to charter of, 328, 329;
necessity for, 329;
Crawford’s bill for rechartering, 332;
debate on, 332–336;
defeat of, 337.
Banks, popularity of, ii. 208, 209.
Baring, Alexander, ii. 276.
Barlow, Joel, on Robert Smith’s appointment, i. 10;
on Smith’s opposition to Macon’s bill, 187;
his defence of the President, 299, 301, 378;
appointed minister to France, 359;
his instructions on revocation of French Decrees, 427;
his departure delayed by Monroe, ii. 50;
ready to start, 55;
order for his departure countermanded, 56;
order finally given, 61;
his instructions, 66;
his want of success, 217;
arrives in Paris, Sept. 19, 1811, 245;
his negotiation with Bassano, 248–263;
his journey to Wilna, 263, 264;
his death, 265.
Bassano, Duc de. (See Maret.)
Bassett, Burwell, member of Congress from Virginia, i. 206.
Bathurst, Lord, on the Orders in Council, ii. 275.
Baton Rouge, i. 306.
Bayard, James A., senator from Delaware, ii. 229.
Baynes, Edward, adjutant-general to Sir George Prevost, ii. 323.
Bayonne Decree. (See Decrees.)
Belden, Lieutenant, ii. 32.
“Belvidera,” British frigate, blockading New York, ii. 364, 365;
escapes from Rodgers’ squadron, 366;
chases “Constitution,” 368, 370.
Bernadotte. (See Sweden.)
Bibb, William A., member of Congress from Georgia, on the annexation of West Florida to Louisiana, i. 324.
Bidwell, Barnabas, i. 359.
Bingham, A. B., captain of the British corvette “Little Belt,” his account of his action with the “President,” ii. 30, 31, 33–36.
Bleecker, Harmanus, member of Congress from New York, ii. 211.
Blockade, Napoleon’s definition of, i. 149, 227, 250;
Pinkney’s definition of, 287; ii. 10;
of April 26, 1809, by England of all ports and places under the government of France, i. 63, 64, 103, 277;
of May 16, 1806, (Fox’s) 277;
Wellesley’s conduct regarding, 278–280, 318;
withdrawal required by Madison, 318, 383;
withdrawal demanded by Pinkney, ii. 4, 5, 17;
reply of England to demand of withdrawal, 6, 9, 15, 23;
becomes the only apparent casus belli, 221;
alleged by Madison as the third casus belli, 222;
of Venice, July 27, 1806, i. 279;
of New York, ii. 25, 118, 222.
Bloomfield, Joseph, brigadier general, ii. 291;
at Plattsburg, 359, 360.
“Bonne Citoyenne,” British sloop-of-war, ii. 384.
Boston, reception of F. J. Jackson, in, i. 214, 216;
population in 1810, 289.
Boston town-meeting on Baltimore riot, ii. 409.
Boyd, Adam, member of Congress from New Jersey, i. 206.
Boyd, John P., colonel of Fourth U. S. Infantry, ii. 92, 93;
arrives at Vincennes, 94. (See Infantry.)
Bradley, Stephen R., senator from Vermont, votes against occupying East Florida, ii. 243.
Brazil, i. 46.
Brock, Isaac, governor of Upper Canada, ii. 316;
his military precautions, 317;
his military force, 317;
his civil difficulties, 318, 319;
orders expedition to Mackinaw, 320;
his proclamation, 320;
dismisses his legislature, 320;
passes Long Point, 321, 322;
arrives at Malden, 329;
decides to cross the Detroit River, 330;
his march on Detroit, 332;
returns to Niagara, 341;
his military wishes, 342;
distressed by loss of vessels, 347;
his force at Niagara, 348;
surprised on Queenston Heights, 349;
his death, 350.
Broke, P. B. V., captain of British frigate “Shannon,” commands squadron, ii. 368, 369;
chases “Constitution,” 370, 371.
Brougham, Henry, organizes agitation against Orders in Council, ii. 271, 280, 283;
his speech of March 3, 1812, 276;
obliges ministers to grant a committee of inquiry, 283–285;
moves repeal, 285.
Burr, Aaron, his memoir to Napoleon, i. 239.
Burwell, William A., member of Congress from Virginia, on reducing the army and navy in 1810, i. 202.

Cabinet. (See Robert Smith, James Monroe, Albert Gallatin, William Eustis, John Armstrong, Paul Hamilton, William Jones, Cæsar A. Rodney, William Pinkney.)
Cadore, Duc de. (See Champagny.)
“Caledonia,” 2-gun British brig, captured by Lieutenant Elliott, ii. 347.
Calhoun, John Caldwell, member of Congress from South Carolina, ii. 122;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his war-speech of Dec. 12, 1811, 143, 144;
votes for frigates, 164;
warns Quincy of the embargo, 201;
on the conquest of Canada, 212;
his war-report, 226;
his bill declaring war, 228;
his speech of June 24, 1812, against the restrictive system, 233;
favors war-taxation, 235;
opposes compromise of forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 442;
favors high import duties, 444.
Campbell, George Washington, member of Congress from Tennessee, his Report reaches Canning, i. 49;
not a member of the Eleventh Congress, 76;
senator from Tennessee, his criticism of Giles, ii. 150, 151.
Canada, intended conquest of, ii. 136, 141, 142, 145, 146, 150, 212;
invasion planned at Washington, 297;
ordered by Eustis, 302;
conquest attempted by Hull, 296;
invaded by Hull, 302;
evacuated, 315;
difficulties of defending, 316–319;
extent of Upper, 316;
military force in 1812, 317, 338;
Jefferson and Madison on campaign in, 337;
invasion of, at Niagara, 344, 345;
Van Rensselaer’s attack on, 346–353;
Smyth’s attempts against, 354–358;
Dearborn’s march to, 360.
Canning, George, his reply to Napoleon and Alexander, i. 23;
his notice to Pinkney of possible change in the Orders, 42;
his note of Dec. 24, 1808, announcing a change, 43;
his anger at Pinkney’s reply, 44, 45;
his willingness for further relaxations, 45;
his discontent with Castlereagh and Perceval, 48, 106;
his reception of Erskine’s despatches and Campbell’s Report, 49, 50, 51;
his assertion as to the cause of the embargo, 51;
his instructions to Erskine of Jan. 23, 1809, 52–57, 66, 70–73, 90;
his character, 56;
his influence declining, 57, 58;
his speech of March 6, 1809, on the Orders, 61;
his remark to Pinkney on the Order of April 26, 64;
his disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 87–95;
his statement to the House of Commons, 97, 98;
his instructions to F. J. Jackson, July 1, 1809, 98–105;
his charge of duplicity against Madison, 99, 100, 114, 125;
his resignation, 107;
his duel with Castlereagh, 107;
his relations with Wellesley, 266, 267;
his speech on the renewal of intercourse between the United States and Great Britain, 276;
his speech of March 3, 1812, on the Orders in Council and li censes, ii. 277, 278.
Carden, J. S., captain of the British frigate “Macedonian,” ii. 382, 383.
Cass, Lewis, colonel of Ohio militia, ii. 298;
refuses to abandon Detroit, 315;
his discontent with Hull, 326;
detached to open an interior road to the river Raisin, 328;
ordered to return, 329;
included in Hull’s capitulation, 334.
Castlereagh, Lord, his supposed failures as Secretary of War, i. 47, 48, 106, 107;
retires from the cabinet, 107;
his quarrel with Canning, 56, 57;
his duel with Canning, 107;
becomes foreign Secretary, ii. 216;
his instructions to Foster of April 10, 1812, 216, 220;
announces suspension of Orders in Council, 286;
his statement of number of American seamen in British service, 456.
Caulaincourt, Duc de Vicence, French ambassador in Russia, i. 412;
recalled, 418;
congratulates Adams, 419.
Census of 1810, i. 289.
Champagny, Duc de Cadore, his instructions to Turreau in defence of the Decrees, Dec. 10, 1808, i. 31;
in defence of the Spanish colonies, 33;
his remonstrances to Napoleon against severity to the United States, 138, 139;
complains of the Non-intercourse Act, 140;
his instructions to Hauterive, June 13, 1809, on concessions to the United States, 140;
his note on the right of search and blockade, 149, 150, 250;
his efforts on behalf of neutral commerce, 222;
his interview with Armstrong, Jan. 25, 1810, 229, 230;
his note of Feb. 14, 1810, announcing reprisals for the Non-intercourse Act, 232;
his letter of August 5, 1810, announcing that the Decrees are revoked, 253–256, 286, 296–302, 383, 414, 415; ii. 7;
creates a contract by letter of August 5, i. 342;
his report on the Decrees, 348, 349, 382, 388; ii. 8;
his phrase bien entendu, 387, 388;
declares the Decrees revoked on Feb. 2, 1811, 386, 389, 390;
removed from office, 401.
Champlain, Lake. (See Plattsburg.)
Chauncey, Isaac, takes command on Lake Ontario, ii. 344.
“Chesapeake Affair,” Canning’s instructions of Jan. 23, 1809, for settling, i. 52, 53;
Erskine’s settlement of the, 67, 68;
settlement disavowed, 88–90;
Canning’s instructions of July 1, 1809, for settling, 101;
Jackson’s offer to settle, 126, 130;
untouched by Wellesley, 285;
Foster’s instructions to settle, ii. 23;
American indifference to settlement, 37;
its effect on the Indians, 79;
settled by Foster, 121, 122, 270.
“Chesapeake,” frigate, ii. 29, 36.
Cheves, Langdon, member of Congress from South Carolina, asserts contract with Napoleon, i. 342, 343;
in the Twelfth Congress, ii. 122;
chairman of naval committee, 124;
on Committee on Ways and Means, 124;
his opinion on the war-power, 160;
his motion to build a navy, 162;
his argument in favor of seventy-fours, 163;
his hostility to non-importation, 205, 230, 232, 446, 447, 448;
favors war-taxation, 235;
opposes forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 441;
on war-taxes, 444.
Chew, Captain Samuel, deposition of, ii. 193, 196.
Chicago. (See Dearborn, Fort.)
Christie, John, lieut.-colonel of Thirteenth Infantry, ii. 349, 350, 351.
Cintra, convention of, i. 48.
Claiborne, W. C. C., governor of Orleans Territory, takes possession of West Florida, i. 310–314.
Clay, Henry, senator from Kentucky, his war-speech of Feb. 22, 1810, i. 189;
his speech on the occupation of West Florida, 320, 321;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 333, 334;
elected speaker, ii. 122, 124;
favors army of thirty-five thousand men, 151;
favors war-power, 161;
favors navy, 164;
supposed to have coerced Madison to war, 196;
urges embargo, 201;
suppresses discussion in the House, 227;
his vote defeats repeal of non-importation, 234;
his account of the military efforts of Kentucky, 390–393;
his comments on Hull’s surrender, 392, 393;
opposes compromise of forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 442.
Clinton, De Witt, nominated for the presidency by New York, ii. 215;
his canvass, 409, 410;
his electoral vote, 413.
Clinton, George, Vice-President of the United States, i. 76, 190;
his vote against the Bank Charter, 337;
his political capacity, 363, 364;
his death, ii. 214.
Commerce, nature and value of American, i. 290, 291.
Commercial Intercourse, Act of May 1, 1810, regarding. (See Non-intercourse.)
Commercial restrictions, list of measures of, i. 152, 194;
Madison’s devotion to, 293, 295;
Madison’s return to, 304.
Congress, first session of Eleventh, meets, May 22, 1809, i. 76;
proceedings of, 77–86;
adjourns June 28, 86;
second session meets, Nov. 27, 1809, 176;
proceedings of, 178–209;
adjourns, May 2, 1810, 209;
character of, 316;
election of Twelfth, 316;
third session of Eleventh, 319–358;
close of Eleventh, 358;
first session of Twelfth, meets Nov. 4, 1811, ii. 118;
its composition, 122;
chooses Henry Clay speaker, 124;
war-debate in, 133–153;
proceedings of, 133–175, 201, 202, 204;
declares war against England, 228, 229;
adjourns, July 6, 1812, 235;
decline of influence, 437;
second session of Twelfth, 435–458.
“Congress,” 38-gun frigate, ii. 363;
at Boston, 378;
her cruise, 381.
“Constellation,” 38-gun frigate, at Washington, ii. 364, 372, 378.
“Constitution,” 44-gun frigate, chased by British squadron, ii. 364, 369–372;
captures “Guerriere,” 373–375;
captures “Java,” 385, 386.
Cotton, manufacturers of, i. 16;
American, prohibited in France, 151.
Craig, Sir James, governor of Lower Canada, i. 86.
Crawford, William H., senator from Georgia, opposes mission to Russia, i. 12;
on the message of Jan. 3, 1810, 179;
represents the Treasury, 181;
votes with Samuel Smith, 191;
his character, 331;
introduces Bank Charter, 332;
his speech on Bank Charter, 332, 333;
reports bill for fifty thousand volunteers, 358;
party to revolutionizing East Florida, ii. 239;
his comments on the conduct of the war, 395.
Creek Indians, Tecumthe visits, ii. 92, 108.
Crillon, Count Edward de, his family, ii. 176;
acts as John Henry’s agent, 177–179;
his social success, 178, 180;
his evidence, 183;
sails for France, 184;
an impostor, 185;
an agent of French police, 186.
Croker, John Wilson, Secretary to the Admiralty, i. 58.
Cuba, i. 37, 38.
Cumberland Road, i. 209.

Dacres, J. R., captain of the “Guerriere,” ii. 27, 37, 373;
his action with the “Constitution,” 373–375.
Dalberg, Duc, negotiates with Joel Barlow, ii. 259;
his remonstrances to Bassano against Napoleon’s treatment of the United States, 262;
Dallas, Alexander James, third lieutenant of the frigate “President,” ii. 28, 32.
Daveiss, Joseph H., offers to serve as a volunteer in Harrison’s campaign, ii. 94;
urges an attack on Tippecanoe, 99, 101;
his death, 103, 104, 107.
Dearborn, Fort, at Chicago, murders at, ii. 110;
garrison at, 294;
evacuated, 334.
Dearborn, Henry, appointed collector at Boston, i. 9;
his orders, as Secretary of War, to Wilkinson, Dec. 2, 1808, 169;
appointed senior major-general, ii. 289;
his plan of campaign, 297, 306, 340, 341;
reaches Albany, 304;
goes to Boston, 305;
his difficulties at Boston, 306, 307, 309;
returns to Albany, 310;
ignorant that he commands operations at Niagara, 310, 322, 339;
sends militia to Niagara, 321;
negotiates armistice, 322, 323, 340;
effect of armistice, 324, 343;
armistice rejected by the President, 340;
his opinion of Van Rensselaer, 353;
his campaign against Montreal, 360;
his reflections on the campaign of 1812, 360, 361;
Monroe’s criticisms of, 396, 397;
George Hay’s remark on, 421.
Decatur, Stephen, captain in U. S. navy, commands squadron, ii. 363;
his orders, 363, 364, 368;
his advice, 364;
his first cruise in 1812, 366, 368, 375;
his second cruise, 381;
captures the “Macedonian,” 382, 383;
returns to port with prize, 383.
Decrees, French, of 1798, ii. 139.
Decrees of Berlin, Milan, and Bayonne, i. 24, 152, 297;
their rigid enforcement, 30;
Champagny’s argument in defence of, 31, 32;
their effect on England, 46;
their effect on France, 138;
Napoleon drafts, June 10, 1809, decree repealing that of Milan, 139–141;
lays aside draft of repealing decree, 141;
drafts Vienna decree of August, 1809, retaliating the Non-intercourse Act, 143, 144, 150, 230;
Louis’s resistance to, 148, 240, 241;
Napoleon’s condition of repeal, 229, 245, 250, 251;
null and void for licensed vessels, 248;
declared by Champagny revoked on Nov. 1, 1810, 255;
declared revoked by Madison, 304, 317, 347, 348;
Russell’s reports on the revocation, 381–396;
declared revoked by Champagny for Feb. 2, 1811, 386, 389, 390;
not revoked, 394, 395;
declared fundamental laws by Napoleon, 397, 407;
declared successful by Napoleon, 398;
considered suspended by Madison, 400, 401;
recognized by United States, 402, 403;
their revocation doubted by Russell, 395, 400, 406;
their revocation affirmed by Russell, 405;
enforced on the Baltic, 426, 427;
Barlow instructed that they are considered revoked, 427;
revocation asserted by Pinkney, ii. 3, 5, 6, 11;
evidence of revocation asked by Wellesley, 4;
argued by Pinkney, 7, 8;
revocation denied by Wellesley, 23;
affirmed to be still in force by Foster, 41;
affirmed by Monroe to be revoked as far as America has a right to expect, 42;
their international and municipal characters, 43;
argued by Monroe, 4, 45;
their revocation unknown to the President, 56;
argued by Serurier, 60;
disputed by Madison, 64;
their revocation a personal affair with Madison, 65;
their effect on the northwestern Indians, 83;
declared not repealed by British courts, 118;
their repeal doubted by Madison and Monroe, 120, 187–189;
repeal asserted in annual message, 125;
repeal assumed by House committee, 133, 134;
repeal denied by Monroe, 194, 195, 201;
repeal assumed by Monroe, 198;
Bassano’s report on validity of, 216, 253;
repeal assumed by Madison, 218, 224;
repeal maintained by Monroe till June, 1812, 232;
Bassano’s instructions on repeal of, 248–249;
repeal asserted by Barlow, 252;
evidence of repeal required by Barlow, 254;
Decree of St. Cloud, dated April 28, 1811, repealing, 255–257, 259;
still enforced, 260, 261;
revocation unknown to the French authorities, 262, 263.
Decree of Rambouillet, March 23, 1810, sequestering American property in retaliation for the Non-importation Act, i. 236, 242, 274;
of July 25, 1810, regarding licenses, 247;
of July 22, 1810, confiscating American property in Dutch and Spanish ports, 258;
of Aug. 5, 1810, confiscating American property in France, 258.
Decrès, Denis, Duc, Napoleon’s minister of marine, i. 142, 143;
Marmont’s story of, 222.
Delaware Indians, ii. 73.
Denmark, spoliations in, i. 409, 411.
Detroit, military situation of, ii. 293, 295, 301;
measures for protection of, 296;
Hull’s difficulties in defending, 315, 322, 324;
Hull besieged in, 325–331;
Brock’s attack on, 332–334;
Hull’s surrender of, 334, 393;
reinforcements for, 391;
expedition to recover, to be commanded by Harrison, 392, 393.
Dexter, Samuel, defeats project of State convention in Massachusetts, ii. 402.
Duane, William, editor of the “Aurora,” his attacks on Gallatin, i. 361, 364.
Duval, Gabriel, appointed Justice of the Supreme Court, ii. 429.

Eel River Miami Indians, ii. 71, 75.
Elections in 1809, i. 12, 13, 158;
in 1810, 215, 316;
in Massachusetts in April, 1811, ii. 115;
in April, 1812, 204;
in May, 1812, 209;
in New York, May, 1812, 209;
presidential, of 1812, 409, 410, 412–414.
Electoral College in 1808 and 1812, ii. 413.
Elliott, Jesse D., lieutenant U. S. navy, ii. 344;
cuts out British vessels at Fort Erie, 347.
Embargo, repeal of, i. 33;
Turreau’s complaints of repeal, 34, 35, 37;
Canning’s note on, 42;
revocation of orders attributed to, 75, 77;
John Taylor’s explanation of repeal, 195, 196;
approved by Napoleon, 254;
causes France to lose her colonies, 254;
its effect on the northwestern Indians, ii. 83;
for sixty days, recommended by the President, March 31, 1812, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198;
Foster’s report on, 199;
act passed by Congress, 201, 202.
England, financial dangers of, in 1809, i. 46, 47;
political decline of, 57, 58;
distress of, in 1811, ii. 2;
apathy of, upon American questions, 24;
change of tone between 1807 and 1812, 225, 270, 286;
war declared against, 228, 229;
distress of, in 1812, 268;
attitude toward the war, 405.
Eppes, John W., member of Congress from Virginia, chairman of Committee of Ways and Means in Eleventh Congress, i. 76;
his appropriation bills for 1810, 200;
his bill for reviving non-intercourse against Great Britain, 338;
maintains doctrine of contract with France, 341;
waits arrival of Serurier, 345;
amends his non-intercourse bill, 351;
quarrels with John Randolph, 352.
Erie, Fort. (See Fort Erie.)
Erie, Lake, armaments on, ii. 296, 304, 317, 344.
Erskine, David Montague, British minister to the United States, i. 34;
his report, March 17, 1809, of Turreau’s anger at the repeal of embargo, 34, 35;
his threatening despatches of November and December, 1808, 49, 50;
his instructions of Jan. 23, 1809, 52–57, 66, 70–72, 90, 94, 111;
his reasons for exceeding instructions, 67, 70, 94;
his settlement of the “Chesapeake affair,” 67, 68;
“Chesapeake” settlement disavowed by Canning, 88, 89;
his settlement of commercial disputes, 70–73;
his commercial arrangement received in England, 87;
disavowed, 90, 95;
his explanation of the order of April 26, 1809, 82, 83;
his reply to Canning’s criticisms, 94;
his recall, 95;
effect of his disavowal in the United States, 109;
Jackson’s opinion of, 119, 120;
his farewell audience, 120;
effect of his arrangement on Napoleon, 139, 140, 141;
comparison between his pledges and those of Champagny, 301.
“Essex,” 32-gun frigate, her action with the “Alert,” ii. 35, 377;
arrives with despatches, 52, 56;
sails in July, 1812, 377;
returns to port, 378.
Essex county In Massachusetts, declaration of meeting, ii. 402.
Eustis, William, appointed Secretary of War, i. 9;
orders Wilkinson not to camp at Terre aux Bœufs, 172, 174;
authorizes Harrison to buy Indian land in the Wabash valley, ii. 82;
approves Harrison’s purchase, 85;
orders Harrison to preserve peace with Indians, 88, 93;
orders the Fourth Regiment to Indiana, 92, 93;
his lost letter of Sept. 18, 1811, to Harrison, 95;
appears before the Committee of Foreign Relations, 129;
his supposed incompetence, 168, 206, 392, 395, 396, 397, 398;
his duties in 1812, 168;
on recruiting, 294;
his letters to William Hull, announcing war, 299;
and ordering conquests in Canada, 302;
his orders to Dearborn to repair to Albany, 306, 308, 309;
and to take direction of militia at Niagara, 310, 321, 340;
resigns, 422.
Exchange, turn of, against England, in 1808, i. 47.

Fagan, agent of Fouché, i. 239.
“Federal Republican” newspaper, ii. 406, 407.
Federalist party, deprived of grievances, i. 77;
praise Madison, 78, 158;
make common cause with Jackson, 158;
described by Giles, 180.
Federalists, in Congress, Foster’s reports of their conduct and advice, ii. 171–175;
their reception of Henry’s documents, 183, 184;
cease attempts to discuss war, 227, 228;
their attitude towards the war, 398, 399;
support Clinton for the presidency, 410.
Fenwick, John R., lieut.-colonel of Light Artillery, ii. 352.
Ferdinand VII., proposed kingdom for, in America, i. 239;
cedes Florida by treaty of 1819, ii. 236.
Fernandina in East Florida, seized by United States, ii. 240;
occupation disavowed and maintained, 242, 243.
Finances in 1809, i. 163, 178;
customs-revenue in 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 290, 319;
military and naval appropriations of the Eleventh Congress, 357;
in 1811; ii. 126;
Gallatin’s estimates for war, 156–159;
war-taxes proposed by Gallatin, 166;
approved by the House, 166, 167;
laid aside, 167, 168;
in 1812, 432, 433;
in 1813, 438–448.
(See Loans.)
Findlay, James, colonel of Ohio volunteers, ii. 298, 315, 326.
Findley, William, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, favors war, ii. 145.
Florida, Napoleon’s retention of, i. 32, 33;
Napoleon insinuates an idea regarding, 408;
Foster instructed to protest against the seizure of, ii. 23;
his protest, 37;
Monroe’s reception of the protest, 38, 39.
Florida, East, Madison asks authority to occupy, i. 326, 327;
Congress authorizes occupation of, 327;
commissioners sent to take possession of, 327;
revolutionized, ii. 237–243;
bill for occupation of, 243.
Florida, West, revolution in, i. 307–315;
Madison orders occupation of, 310–312, 318;
Claiborne takes possession of, 313;
organized as part of Orleans Territory, 314;
protest of British chargé, 314, 315;
Giles’s bill for annexing to Orleans Territory, 320;
debate on annexation, 320–323;
Macon’s bill, admitting, as a part of Louisiana, 323, 324;
remains a separate territory, 326;
divided by act of Congress, ii. 236;
ceded by Spain in 1819, 237.
Forfeitures under the Non-importation act, ii. 436–443.
Fort Dearborn, Chicago, ii. 110, 294;
garrison massacred, 334.
Fort Erie, ii. 343, 347, 348, 358.
Fort George, ii. 300, 343, 347;
Brock’s headquarters, 341, 348, 349, 351.
Fort Harrison, ii. 95, 106, 294.
Fort Niagara, bombarded, ii. 355.
Fortifications, appropriation for, in 1809, i. 85;
appropriation asked for, in 1810, 319.
Foster, Augustus John, appointed British minister to the United States, ii. 16, 21;
F. J. Jackson’s opinion of, 22;
his instructions, 22, 23;
arrives at Washington, 37, 52;
protests against the seizure of Florida, 37;
reports Monroe’s language about Spanish America, 38;
protests against the non-importation, 39;
narrows the issue to Fox’s blockade and the Orders in Council, 40, 41;
reports Monroe’s language on the revocation of the French decrees, 42;
threatens retaliation for the non-importation, 44;
reports that the Orders in Council are the single object of irritation, 45;
settles the “Chesapeake” affair, 121, 122;
his report of executive temper in November, 1811, 131;
his report of Gallatin’s language about taxes, 156;
his report of the conduct of Federalists in Congress, 172–175;
receives instructions, March 21, 1812, 191;
communicates them, 192;
his report of Monroe’s remarks on recent French spoliations, 195, 198;
his report of Madison’s and Monroe’s remarks on the embargo of April, 1812, 199;
suggests Madison’s re-election, 213.
Fouché, Joseph, Duc d’Otrante, Napoleon’s minister of police, i. 222;
opposes the commercial system, 224;
sends an agent to the British government, 238, 239;
disgraced and exiled, 241.
France, alienation between United States and, i. 28–41, 141–151;
difficulties of commerce with, 152, 245;
value of spoliations in 1809, 1810, 242, 243;
contract with, 339, 340;
unfriendly language of the annual message toward, ii. 125;
Madison’s language regarding, 187, 218, 224;
theory of contract with, apparently abandoned, 223;
Monroe’s language regarding, 232.
(See Napoleon.)
Fremantle, Colonel, letter on the situation of Parliament, i. 58.
Frigates. (See Navy, “President,” “Constitution,” “United States,” “Chesapeake,” “Congress,” “Constellation,” “Essex,” and “Adams.”)
“Frolic,” British sloop-of-war, ii. 379;
her action with the “Wasp,” 380.
Fulton’s torpedo, i. 209.

Gallatin, Albert, Secretary of the Treasury, his appointment as Secretary of State defeated, i. 4–8;
his quarrel with Samuel Smith, 10;
his conversation with Turreau about the Floridas, 38, 39;
his remarks to Turreau on renewing intercourse with Great Britain, 74;
his letters on Erskine’s disavowal, 110, 111;
his expectations from Jackson’s mission, 110, 116, 117;
his feud with Giles, Smith, and Leib, 159;
his letter of remonstrance to Jefferson, 160, 161, 164;
his enemies, 167;
his annual report of 1809, 178;
his bill for excluding British and French ships, 183 (see Macon);
his remarks on Napoleon’s secret confiscations, 259;
his remarks to Turreau on revival of non-intercourse against England, 303;
gives notice of revival of non-intercourse against England, 304;
his annual report of 1810, 319;
his dependence on the bank, 329, 335;
asks an increase of duties, 357;
his letter of resignation, 360–366;
Serurier’s estimate of, ii. 46;
his annual report of November, 1811, 126;
attacked by Giles, 148, 149;
delays his estimates, 156;
his war-taxes, 156–159, 165, 166, 204;
reported June 26, 235;
his loan of 1812, 206, 207;
believed to think war unnecessary, 225;
complains of Congress, 234, 235;
reports tax-bills to Congress, 235;
his instructions at the outbreak of war, 301;
his opinion of Eustis, 397, 398;
claims department of State, 424;
his annual report of Dec. 5, 1812, 433, 438;
his views on the forfeiture of merchandise imported in 1812, 439, 440;
his attitude toward war-taxation, 446.
Gardenier, Barent, member of Congress from New York, his remarks on Jefferson and Madison, i. 79, 80;
supports Macon’s bill, 185;
cause of changing rule of previous question, 353.
Gaudin, Duc de Gaete, orders of, i. 348.
George III., king of England, becomes insane, i. 288; ii. 2.
George, Prince of Wales, his Whig associations, ii. 3, 4;
becomes Prince Regent, Feb. 6, 1811, 14;
retains Spencer Perceval’s ministry, 14;
his audience of leave for William Pinkney, 16, 18–20;
his conditional declaration of April 21, 1812, that the Orders in Council should be withdrawn, 254, 282.
Gerry, Elbridge, elected governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811, i. 215; ii. 115;
defeated in 1812, 204;
nominated for the vice-presidency, 214;
elected, 413.
“Gershom,” American brig, burned by French squadron, ii. 193, 198.
Gholson, Thomas, member of Congress from Virginia, moves new rule of previous question, i. 353.
Giles, William Branch, senator from Virginia, defeats Gallatin’s appointment as Secretary of State i. 4–7;
votes for mission to Russia, 11;
his report on F. J. Jackson, 178, 179, 182, 183;
wishes energy of government, 180, 189;
his bill for the annexation of West Florida, 319, 320;
his speech on the Bank charter, 333;
his political capacity, 363;
reports bill for raising twenty-five thousand troops, ii. 147;
his speech attacking Gallatin, 148, 149;
his factiousness, 150;
his admission of errors, 154;
his speech on the volunteer bill, 161;
votes for war, 229;
votes against occupying East Florida, 243;
on seamen’s bill, 454.
Gore, Christopher, elected governor of Massachusetts in 1809, i. 12;
invites F. J. Jackson to Boston, 213;
defeated in the election of 1810, 215;
and in 1811, ii. 115.
“Grace Ann Greene,” American vessel released by Napoleon, i. 391.
Graham, John, his account of public opinion in Kentucky, ii. 394.
Grandpré, Louis, i. 306, 307.
Grenville, Lord, on Canning, i. 49.
Grétry, i. 235.
Grundy, Felix, member of Congress from Tennessee, ii. 122, 137, 196;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his speech in favor of war, 137–141;
favors large army, 152;
opposes war-power, 161;
against frigates, 164;
on embargo, 201;
on the political effects of war, 213;
on forfeitures, 443;
reports bill for regulation of seamen, 452, 453.
“Guerriere,” British frigate, ii. 25;
“Little Belt” mistaken for, 26–30;
Captain Dacres of, 37;
joins Broke’s squadron, 368;
chases “Constitution,” 370;
captured by “Constitution,” 372–375.
Gunboats, i. 168.

Hamilton, Paul, appointed Secretary of the Navy, i. 9, 206;
his orders to Commodore Rodgers of June 9, 1810, ii. 26;
of May 6, 1811, 25;
his supposed incompetence, 169, 290, 395, 398;
his orders to Rodgers, Decatur, and Hull in June, 1812, 363–365, 368;
his orders of September, 1812, 378;
resigns, 428.
Hammond, George, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, i. 45.
Hampton, Wade, brigadier-general in U. S. army, i. 169;
takes command at New Orleans, 175; ii. 291.
Hanson, A. C., ii. 407.
Harper, Robert Goodloe, ii. 144.
Harrison, Fort, ii. 95, 106, 294.
Harrison, William Henry, governor of Indiana Territory, ii. 68;
his account of Indian affairs, 69–73;
his treaties of 1804 and 1805, 75, 77;
his influence in the dispute about slavery in Indiana, 75–77;
his interview with the Prophet in August, 1808, 80;
his treaty of Sept. 30, 1809, 83, 84;
his interview with Tecumthe of Aug. 12, 1810, 85–88;
his letter to Tecumthe June 24, 1811, 90;
his talk with Tecumthe July 27, 1811, 91;
instructed to avoid hostilities, 93;
raises military forces, 93;
sends army up the Wabash valley, 94;
constructs Fort Harrison, 95;
marches on Tippecanoe, 97;
his arrival, 98–100;
his camp, 102;
attacked, 103;
his return to Vincennes, 106;
Humphrey Marshall’s opinion of, 107;
his estimate of the effect of his campaign, 107, 108;
appointed by Kentucky to command expedition to recover Detroit, 392, 420;
unable to advance, 412.
Hauterive, Alexandre Maurice, Comte d’, charged with negotiations with Armstrong, i. 140, 141.
Hawkesbury, Lord. (See Liverpool.)
Hay, George, his advice to Monroe, ii. 421.
Henry, John, secret agent of Sir James Craig, his report on disunion, i. 14;
recalled, 86;
demands money, ii. 176;
comes to Boston, 177;
employs Crillon to negotiate with Monroe, 178;
obtains fifty thousand dollars, 179;
sails for Europe, 180;
papers of, 182;
supposed effect of, in Florida affairs, 241;
Holland, exempted from the non-intercourse, i. 72, 90–92, 112.
(See Louis Bonaparte.)
Holland, Lord, ii. 275.
Holstein, Duchy of, i. 413.
“Hornet,” sloop-of-war, brings despatches, ii. 215, 217;
cruises with Rodgers’ squadron, 365, 366;
at Boston, 378, 381;
her second cruise, 384;
blockades the “Bonne Citoyenne,” 384.
Howell, Jeremiah B., senator from Rhode Island, votes against occupying West Florida, ii. 243.
Hull, Isaac, captain in U. S. navy, commands “Constitution,” ii. 364;
his orders, 364;
chased by a British squadron, 369–371;
captures “Guerriere,” 372–375;
takes command at New York, 383.
Hull, William, governor of Michigan Territory, ii. 292;
appointed brigadier-general, 292, 298;
his advice regarding the defence of Detroit, 296;
his march to Detroit, 298;
his loss of papers, 300;
arrives at Detroit, 301;
invades Canada, 302, 317;
his proclamation, 303;
his required campaign, 311;
decides to besiege Malden, 312–314;
sudden discovery of his danger, 314, 315;
evacuates Canada, 315;
his situation at Detroit, 322–329;
his capitulation, 332, 334;
Jefferson’s opinion of, 336, 398.

Illinois Territory, population in 1810, i. 289.
Impressment becomes a casus belli, ii. 116–118;
not expressly mentioned as such by Pinkney, 18;
or in the annual message, 125;
treated by House Committee of Foreign Relations, 134, 135;
mentioned by Grundy, 139;
by Madison’s war-message, 222;
only obstacle to peace, 430–432, 450–452;
extent of, 451, 452.
Impressments, i. 74, 292, 351, 352.
India, career of Marquess Wellesley in, i. 266.
Indiana Territory, population in 1810, i. 289;
created in 1800, ii. 68;
its dispute about the introduction of slavery, 75;
adopts second grade of territorial government, 76.
Indians in 1810, i. 318;
in the Northwest, ii. 69;
their condition described by Governor Harrison, 69;
trespasses on their territory, 70;
effects of intoxication upon, 71, 72;
murders committed upon, 72, 73;
Jefferson’s policy toward, 73–75;
Harrison’s treaties with, in 1804 and 1805, 75;
Tecumthe and the Prophet, 78;
Jefferson’s refusal to recognize them as a confederated body, 79;
establishment at Tippecanoe Creek, 79–81;
their hostility to cessions of land, 82, 87;
their land-cession of Sept. 30, 1809, 83, 84;
their outbreak imminent in 1810, 85;
outbreak delayed by British influence, 85;
their interview with Harrison, Aug. 12, 1810, 86–88;
government wishes peace with, 89;
of the Six Nations in Upper Canada, wish to remain neutral, 319;
their employment in war by the British, 320;
murders by, 393, 394.
Infantry, Fourth Regiment of, ordered to Indiana July, 1811, ii. 92, 93;
arrives, 94;
part of the expedition to Tippecanoe, 96;
losses in the battle, 104;
its share in the battle, 107;
ordered to Detroit, 110;
marches to Detroit, 298;
at the battle of Maguaga, 325.
Invisibles, the, i. 363.

Jackson, Francis James, his reputation, i. 96.
appointed British minister to the United States, 97;
his instructions, 99–105;
sails for America, 105;
Gallatin’s expectations from, 111, 117;
arrives at Washington, 115, 116;
his impressions, 117–120;
his negotiation, 120–132;
rupture with, 132;
his anger, 154, 155;
his complaints, 156;
his reception in Baltimore and New York, 157;
discussed before Congress, 176, 178, 179, 182;
his letters from New York and Boston, 212–218;
returns to England, 219;
his treatment by Wellesley, 218, 219, 269, 271, 272;
his influence with the British government, ii. 13;
his account of Pinkney’s “inamicable leave,” 20;
his opinion of Augustus J. Foster, 22;
his death, 22.
Jackson, Mrs. F. J., i. 115, 157.
“Java,” British frigate, her action with the “Constitution,” ii. 385, 386.
Jefferson, Thomas, Turreau’s anger with, i. 34;
Gallatin’s remarks on, 38, 39;
the “National Intelligencer” on, 75;
Randolph’s remarks on, 78;
Robert Smith’s remarks on, 84;
intermediates with Monroe, 161, 162;
expenditures of his administration, 200, 205, 206;
considered too timid by Robert Smith, ii. 48;
his Indian policy, 69, 73–75, 78, 79, 81;
his opinion of William Hull, 336, 398;
his expectation of the conquest of Canada, 337;
his opinion of Van Rensselaer, 398.
Jesup, Thomas S., acting adjutant-general at Detroit, ii. 329.
Johnson, Richard Mentor, member of Congress from Kentucky, i. 197, 203; ii. 122;
his war speech, 142;
on the dangers of a navy, 164;
on the treason of opposition, 212.
Jones, Jacob, captain in U. S. navy, commands the “Wasp,” ii. 379;
his action with the “Frolic,” 380;
captured, 381;
takes command of the “Macedonian,” 383.
Jones, Walter, his letter to Jefferson, on dissensions in Madison’s Cabinet, i. 188.
Jones, William, appointed Secretary of the Navy, ii. 428, 429.

Kentucky, enthusiasm for the war, ii. 390;
number of men in the field, 391, 393;
distaste for the regular army, 391, 394.
Key, Philip Barton, member of Congress from Maryland, i. 185.
King, Rufus, his supposed opposition to Clinton, ii. 410.

Labouchere, i. 238, 239.
Lambert, Henry, captain of the British frigate “Java,” ii. 385, 386.
Langdon, John, of New Hampshire, nominated for the Vice-Presidency, ii. 214.
Lansdowne, Marquis of, ii. 275.
Lauriston, Marquis de, French ambassador to Russia, i. 418.
Lee, Henry, crippled by Baltimore rioters, ii. 407, 408.
Leib, Michael, senator from Pennsylvania, i. 181, 189, 191; ii. 229, 243;
votes against Bank charter, 337;
his political capacity, 364.
Licenses of trade, British, i. 59, 64;
scandal of, 273;
debate on, 274, 275;
Canning’s remarks on, 278, 280;
Sidmouth’s conditions on, 281;
Castlereagh proposes to abandon, 221, 282.
Licenses, Napoleon’s system of, i. 246–249;
promised abandonment of, 392, 393;
continued issue of, 400;
repudiated by Napoleon, 414, 417, 422;
municipal character of, ii. 43;
their continued issue, 54;
extension of, 250.
Lincoln, Levi, declines appointment as justice, i. 359.
Lingan, James Maccubin, killed by Baltimore rioters, ii. 407, 408.
“Little Belt,” British sloop of-war, affair of, i. 25–37, 45, 270.
Livermore, Edward St. Loe, member of Congress from Massachusetts, i. 184.
Liverpool, Lord, on American partiality to France, i. 50;
succeeds Castlereagh at the War Department, 263.
Lloyd, James, senator from Massachusetts, ii. 183.
Loan for 1810, i. 178;
of 1812, for eleven millions, ii. 169;
partial failure of, 207;
of 1813, for twenty millions, 433, 448.
Long, Charles, joint paymaster-general of the forces, i. 58.
Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland, resists Napoleon’s decrees, i. 146;
his interview with Armstrong, 147, 148;
threatened by Napoleon, 236, 237, 240;
stipulates seizure of American ships, 240, 274;
abdicates, 242.
Louisiana, government offered to Monroe, i. 162;
proposed as a kingdom for the French Bourbons, 239;
admitted into the Union, 323–326; ii. 235.
Lowndes, William, member of Congress from South Carolina, ii. 122, 164;
his hostility to non-importation, 205, 234, 445, 448;
opposes compromise of forfeitures, 442.
Lyon, Matthew, member of Congress from Kentucky, i. 358.

McArthur, Duncan, colonel of Ohio militia, ii. 298, 326, 328, 332, 334.
“Macedonian,” British frigate, capture of, ii. 382, 383.
McKee, John, ii. 237.
Macon, Nathaniel, member of Congress from North Carolina, votes with Federalists, i. 182;
his bill for excluding British and French shipping, 183, 184;
bill defeated by Senate, 185, 191, 193;
Samuel Smith’s motives for defeating, 185–188, 192, 193;
his bill No. 2, 194, 195;
adopted by Congress, 197, 198;
his remark on manufacturing influence, 197;
his speech on reducing the army and navy in 1810, 201;
his bill admitting the State of Louisiana, with West Florida, into the Union, 323–326;
not candidate for speaker, ii. 123, 124;
his account of the opinions prevailing at Washington, 129;
supports war, 145;
his remark on France and England, 196.
Madison, James, inauguration of, i. 1;
his inaugural address, 2, 3, 4;
offers the Treasury to Robert Smith, 7, 379;
appoints Robert Smith Secretary of State, 8;
his Cabinet, 9, 10;
nominates J. Q. Adams to Russia, 11;
his letter to Erskine accepting settlement of the “Chesapeake affair,” 68–70, 89;
issues proclamation renewing intercourse with England, 73, 74;
his views of the change in British policy, 75, 76, 81, 83;
his message of May 23, 1809, 76, 77;
his popularity, 80, 85, 86;
on the disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 112;
revives non-intercourse against England, 114;
his negotiation with F. J. Jackson, 117, 122–132;
described by Jackson, 120;
his message of Nov. 29, 1809, 176, 177;
special message of Jan. 3, 1810, asking for volunteers, 179;
his opinions of Samuel and Robert Smith, 186;
dissensions in his cabinet, 188;
remarks on the experiment of unrestricted commerce, 210, 211;
his reply to Napoleon’s note on the right of search and blockade, 250;
his anger at Napoleon’s confiscations, 292;
his instructions of June 5, 1810, to Armstrong on Champagny’s reprisals, 293, 294;
his devotion to commercial restrictions, 293, 295;
his instructions of July 5, 1810, to Armstrong requiring indemnity, 295, 296, 297, 299;
his decision to accept the conditions of Champagny’s letter of August 5, 296–301;
revives non-intercourse against Great Britain, 303, 304;
takes military possession of West Florida, 308–312, 318;
his supposed character, 310;
his annual message of Dec. 5, 1810, 314, 317–319;
asks authority to take possession of East Florida, 327;
appoints commissioners for East Florida, 327;
decides to enforce the non-intercourse against Great Britain, 347;
his doubts regarding Napoleon’s folly, 350;
his irritation at Smith’s proposed inquiry from Serurier, 350, 351;
offers the State Department to Monroe, 366, 372, 374;
his parting interview with Robert Smith, 375–377;
his anger with Smith, 378;
his translation of bien entendu, 387, 388;
his success in maintaining his own system in the Cabinet, ii. 61, 62;
his discontent with Napoleon’s conduct, 63, 64, 125, 187, 218, 224;
his orders to maintain peace with the northwestern Indians, 88, 93;
his attitude toward war with England, 118, 125, 129, 131, 175, 196, 197, 213;
his annual message of Nov. 5, 1811, 124;
entertains Crillon, 179, 185;
his message communicating Henry’s papers, 181;
his embargo message, 193, 198, 199;
his comments on the conduct of the Senate, 203;
sustains non-importation, 205;
renominated for the presidency, 214;
perplexed by the French decrees, 218;
his letter to Barlow threatening war on France, 218, 259;
his view of the “immediate impulse” to war with England, 220, 226;
his war message, 221–226;
signs declaration of war, and visits departments, 229;
his measures regarding East Florida, 237, 239, 241, 243;
his remarks on Napoleon’s Russian campaign, 265;
his remarks in August, 1812, on the Canadian campaign, 337;
re-elected President, 413;
wishes Monroe to command western army, 419, 420, 425;
his annual message of 1812, 430–433.
Maguaga, battle of, ii. 325.
Malden, British trading post on the Detroit River, ii. 73, 80, 85, 300;
to be besieged by Hull, 303, 314;
British force at, 312, 313.
Manufactures, growth of, in 1809–1810, i. 15–19;
political influence of, 197;
protection of, 319.
Maret, Hugues Bernard, Duc de Bassano, Napoleon’s secretary, i. 143;
succeeds Champagny as Minister of Foreign Affairs, 401;
his report to Napoleon of March 10, 1812, ii. 216, 253;
his negotiation with Joel Barlow, 248–263;
his instructions to Serurier of October, 1811, on the revocation of the Decrees, 248, 249;
communicates Decree of St. Cloud to Barlow and Serurier, 255–257;
his instructions to Dalberg, 260;
invites Barlow to Wilna, 263;
dismisses his guests, 264.
Marmont, Marshall, his story of Decrès, i. 222.
Marshall, Humphrey, on W. H. Harrison, ii. 107.
Maryland, her electoral vote, ii. 406, 413.
Massa, Duc de, letter from, i. 347.
Massachusetts, election of 1809, i. 12;
tonnage of, 15;
manufactures of, 17–19;
resolutions of legislature regarding F. J. Jackson, 214;
election of, 1810, 215;
Republican control of, in 1810 and 1811, ii. 115;
Federalists recover control of, in 1812, 204;
gives trouble to Dearborn, 305;
refuses to obey call for militia, 309;
temper of, 397–401, 409;
Federalist majority in the Congressional elections of 1812, 413.
Massassinway, council at, ii. 111.
Matthews, George, appointed commissioner to take possession of East Florida, ii. 237;
his proceedings, 238–240;
disavowed, 240–242.
Mecklenburg, Grand Duchy of, closes its ports to American commerce, i. 413.
“Melampus,” British frigate, ii. 25.
Merry, Anthony, i. 118, 119, 120, 121.
Message, first annual of President Madison, May 23, 1809, i. 76;
annual, of Nov. 29, 1809, 176–178;
special, of Jan. 3, 1810, asking for volunteers, 179;
annual, of Dec. 5, 1810, 317–319;
special, of Feb. 19, 1811, on the revocation of the French decrees, 347, 348;
annual, of Nov. 5, 1811, ii. 124–126;
special, of March 9, 1812, communicating John Henry’s papers, 181;
special, of April 1, 1812, recommending an embargo for sixty days, 198;
of April 24, 1812, asking for two Assistant Secretaries of War, 206;
of June 1, 1812, recommending a declaration of war with England, 221–226;
annual, of Nov. 4, 1812, 430–433.
Michigan territory, population in 1810, i. 289.
Michillimackinaw, Island of, ii. 294;
captured by British expedition, 314, 320.
Militia, constitutional power of Congress over, ii. 159, 160, 400;
Cheves’s opinion on the war power, 160;
act authorizing call for one hundred thousand, 204, 390;
refuses to cross the frontier, 351, 352, 360;
of Kentucky, 391, 393.
Miller, James, Lieutenant-Colonel of Fourth U. S. Infantry, at Detroit, ii. 326, 328.
Mitchell, D. B., Governor of Georgia, ii. 242.
Mobile, ii. 236.
Monroe, James, Madison’s advances to, i. 159, 161, 162;
his state of mind, 162;
offered the State Department, 366;
his acceptance and policy, 368–374;
takes charge, 380;
Secretary of State, April 1, 1811, ii. 50;
his sensitiveness about the title to West Florida, 38;
his reply to Foster’s protest against the seizure of Florida, 38, 39;
blames Jonathan Russell for questioning the revocation of the French decrees, 42;
asserts the revocation of the French decrees, 42, 43;
abandons task of reconciliation with England, 44;
requires revocation of the Orders in Council, 45;
delays Barlow’s departure, 50;
his remonstrances to Serurier about Napoleon’s conduct, 51, 54, 188, 189, 194, 195, 200, 217;
his remarks on protection accorded to commerce, 58;
his acceptance of Madison’s policy, 59–61;
affirms to Foster the repeal of Napoleon’s decrees, 65;
his letter of June 13, 1812, to John Taylor, of Caroline, 66;
his language to Serurier, in October, 1811, 120;
informs Serurier, in November, of executive plan, 129;
agrees to assist the independence of Spanish America, 130;
negotiates purchase of Henry’s papers, 178–180;
his remarks to Foster on Wellesley’s instructions, 192;
his conference with House Committee of Foreign Relations, March 31, 1812, 197;
his remarks on the embargo, 199, 200, 202;
his relations toward Matthews and the occupation of East Florida, 238, 240, 241, 242;
his criticisms on the conduct of the war, 396, 397;
assures Serurier he will not negotiate for peace, 415;
proposes to negotiate, 416;
proposes to take a military commission, 419, 420;
hesitates between civil or military control of the war, 421–423;
becomes acting Secretary of War, 423;
excites jealousy, 424, 425;
abandons military career, 425, 426;
offers to prohibit the employment of foreign seamen, 451.
“Moniteur,” The, ii. 253.
Montalivet, Comte de, Napoleon’s Minister of the Interior, i. 221;
his efforts for American commerce, 223, 224.
Moore, Sir John, his Spanish campaign, i. 26, 47, 48.
Morier, J. P., British chargé at Washington, i. 219;
his protest against the seizure of West Florida, 315.
Mountmorris, Lord, i. 265.

Napoleon, his Spanish campaign, i. 22–28;
his severity toward American commerce, 30–32;
withholds Florida, 32, 33;
his causes for rupture with the United States, 39, 40;
his war with Austria in 1809, 106, 134;
learns the repeal of the embargo and of the British Orders, 136;
his first reply to Armstrong’s communication, 137;
drafts Decree withdrawing the Milan Decree, 139;
cause of his hesitation, 140, 141;
lays aside his repealing Decree, 141;
his draft of Vienna Decree of August 4, 1809, 143, 144, 230, 233, 236;
his view of the right of search, 137, 145, 149;
quarrels with his brother Louis, 146, 147;
his increased severity toward the United States, 150–152, 220;
calls a Cabinet council on commerce, Dec. 19, 1809, 220, 221;
discussions with Montalivet, 221, 223;
his note to Gaudin on American ships, 224;
his want of money, 225, 226, 237;
calls for a report from Champagny, Jan. 10, 1810, 226, 227;
his dislike for Armstrong, 228, 229;
his condition for the revocation of his Decrees, 229;
his draft of note asserting retaliation on the Non-intercourse Act, 230, 231;
his reply to Armstrong’s remonstrances, 234, 235;
his memory, 235;
his decree of Rambouillet, 236;
his threats of annexing Holland, 238, 246;
his annexation of Holland, 241, 242;
his reflections on Macon’s act, 244, 245;
his license system, 246;
his instructions to Champagny ordering announcement that the Decrees will be withdrawn, 253;
dictates letter of August 5, 1810, 253;
his idea of a trap, 257, 383;
his instructions of Dec. 13, 1810, on the non-intercourse and the Floridas, 384;
on commercial liberties, 386;
his address of March 17, 1811, to the deputies of the Hanse Towns, 396, 397;
his address of March 24, 1811, to the Paris merchants, 398, 399, 420;
appoints Maret in place of Champagny, 401;
orders a report on American commerce, 402, 403;
admits American cargoes, May 4, 1811, 404;
his instruction of August 28, 1811, about Spanish America and Florida, 407, 408;
his rupture with Russia and Sweden, 408–427;
his order of May 4, 1811, opening his ports to American commerce, ii. 44, 59;
probable amount of his spoliations, 247;
his restrictions on American commerce, 247;
goes to Holland, Sept. 19, 1811, 248;
his interview with Joel Barlow, 249;
his extension of the license system in January, 1812, 250;
his seizure of Swedish Pomerania, 251, 252;
his decree of St. Cloud, April 28, 1811, 255, 256;
his departure for Poland, May 9, 1812, 258;
enters Russia, 259, 288;
his battle at Borodino, Sept. 7, 1812, 263;
enters Moscow, Sept. 15, 1812, 263;
begins his retreat, 264;
his passage of the Beresina, 264;
his return to Paris, December, 1812, 265.
“National Intelligencer” on renewal of intercourse with Great Britain, i. 75;
on Erskine’s disavowal, 109, 110;
Joel Barlow’s letter in, 299.
“Nautilus,” sloop-of-war, captured, ii. 369, 386.
Navigation Act, moved by Macon, i. 183.
Navy, in 1809, i. 168, 169;
reductions in 1810, 200–207;
opposed by Republican party, ii. 162;
increase refused by Congress in January, 1812, 164;
condition of, in June, 1812, 363, 364;
distribution of, in September, 1812, 377, 378;
movements and battles of, in 1812, 362–387;
increase of, 436, 449.
(See “Constitution,” “President,” “United States,” “Constellation,” “Chesapeake,” “Congress,” “Essex,” “Adams,” “Wasp,” “Hornet,” “Argus,” “Syren,” “Nautilus.”)
Nelson, Roger, member of Congress from Maryland, i. 202, 203.
New Hampshire, becomes Federalist in 1809, i. 13.
New Orleans, i. 170.
“New Orleans packet,” seized under the Berlin and Milan Decrees, ii. 8;
by a “municipal operation,” 42, 43.
New York city, described by F. J. Jackson, i. 213;
population in 1810, 289.
New York State, election of 1809, i. 13;
banking mania in, ii. 208;
election in May, 1812, 209;
nominates De Witt Clinton to the presidency, 215;
recruiting in, 305.
Niagara, military importance of, ii. 304, 310;
force at, 311, 320, 341, 344;
force raised to six thousand men, 345;
Van Rensselaer’s campaign at, 346–353;
Alexander Smyth’s campaign at, 353–358;
sickness of troops at, 359.
Niagara, Fort. (See Fort Niagara.)
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, member of Congress from Virginia, on the appointment of Gallatin as Secretary of State, i. 4, 5, 6;
resigns from Congress, 76.
Non-intercourse, list of measures, i. 194.
Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, its effect on commerce, i. 35, 36;
English view of, 62;
affected by Erskine’s arrangement, 80, 88, 90;
revived by Erskine’s disavowal, 111, 114, 115;
communicated to Napoleon, 135;
communication denied by Napoleon, 232, 234, 235, 254;
Champagny’s complaints of, 140;
Napoleon’s retaliation on, 143, 150, 151, 230, 232, 254, 255;
its mischievous effects in America, 164, 165, 166, 178, 184;
about to expire, 183;
suspended, 195–198, 210;
revived by proclamation of Nov. 2, 1810, 302, 303, 304.
Non-intercourse Act of May 1, 1810, its passage, i. 194–198, 274;
its effect on Napoleon, 220, 244, 255;
its effect in England, 273–276;
its condition precedent to reviving non-intercourse, 297;
creates a contract, 342 395, 396.
Non-intercourse Act of March 2, 1811, reviving act of March 1, 1809, moved by Eppes, Jan. 15, 1811, i. 338;
decided upon, 347;
amended, 351;
reported, 352;
passed, 354, 391;
its effect on Napoleon, 393, 394, 400, 404;
Foster’s instructions on the, ii. 23;
his protest against, 39;
his threat of retaliation, 44, 124;
not noticed by Napoleon, 56;
an intolerable burden to the United States, 140;
efforts to suspend, 205, 230–234, 447;
not retaliated by England, 270;
forfeitures under, 438–443;
Calhoun on, 444;
bill for stricter enforcement of, 448.

Ocaña, battle at, i. 268.
Ohio, population in 1810, i. 289.
Olmstead, Gideon, case of, i. 13.
Ontario, Lake, armaments on, ii. 342, 344.
Order in Council, of January, 1807, called Howick’s, i. 112, 278;
of November, 1807, possible alterations in, 42;
Order of Dec. 21, 1808, suspending export duties on foreign produce, 43, 44;
further relaxations proposed, 45;
their effect on English trade, 46;
asserted by Canning not to have caused the embargo, 51;
Canning’s conditions of repealing, 53, 54, 56, 70–73, 90, 94, 101, 102;
Grenville and Sidmouth’s language regarding, 59, 60;
debate on, March 6, 1809, 60–62;
Order of April 26, 1809, establishing a general blockade in place of the Orders of November, 1807, 63, 64, 65, 81, 103, 113, 126, 152;
Erskine’s arrangement withdrawing, 70–73;
disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 87–95, 109–113;
Order of May 24, 1809, repudiating Erskine’s arrangement, and protecting vessels sailing under it, 93, 95;
Canning’s instructions of July 1, 1809, to F. J. Jackson, on, 101–105;
issue chosen by Madison and Monroe, ii. 39, 40, 45, 121, 188;
conditions of repeal, 124, 220;
enforced by British prize-courts, 118, 124, 267;
alleged as Madison’s fourth complaint, 222;
revocation promised by Prince Regent on formal revocation of French decrees, 254, 282;
popular agitation against, 271, 281, 283;
debate of Feb. 28, 1811, in House of Lords, 275;
debate of March 3 in House of Commons, 276;
Rose’s definition of, 276, 283;
Canning’s remarks on, 277, 278;
Perceval’s account of, 279;
ministers grant a committee on, 283, 284;
suspension of, June 16, 1812, 286, 287, 403;
suspension not satisfactory to the President, 404;
repeal susceptible of satisfactory explanations, 431.
Otis, Harrison Gray, ii. 402;
supports Clinton, 410.
Ouvrard, Gabriel Julien, i. 239.

Papenberg, i. 165.
Parliament, debates on the Orders in Council, i. 49–52, 58–62;
on the Duke of York, 57, 58;
passes the Regency bill, ii. 13, 14;
meets Jan. 7, 1812, 270;
debates in, 270–280;
orders a committee of inquiry into the Orders in Council, 282, 284.
Parsons, Theophilus, chief-justice of Massachusetts, his opinion on the power of a State over its militia, ii. 400.
Pennsylvania, resists mandate of Supreme Court, i. 13;
decides presidential election of 1812, ii. 412.
Perceval, Spencer, Chancellor of the Exchequer, his relaxations of the Orders in Council, i. 42, 45, 63;
decline of his authority in 1809, 57, 58, 62, 63;
his difficulties with Canning and Castlereagh, i. 107;
becomes First Lord of the Treasury, 263;
invites Wellesley into the Cabinet, 267;
Wellesley’s opinion of, 281, 282, 283;
prime minister of England, becomes ruler after the insanity of George III., ii. 2, 3;
retained as prime minister by the Prince Regent, 14;
his indifference to Wellesley’s advice, 268;
his remarks on an American war, 271;
his persistence in the system of commercial restriction, 272;
his remarks on licenses, 274;
his silence towards Canning, 280;
his bargain for Sidmouth’s support, 281;
concedes a committee on the Orders in Council, 283;
his assassination, 284.
Petry, M., i. 228, 229.
Philadelphia, population of, in 1810, i. 289.
Phillimore, Dr. Joseph, his pamphlets on the license system, ii. 274.
Piankeshaw Indians, ii. 71, 75.
Pickering, Timothy, senator from Massachusetts, his toast at Jackson’s dinner, i. 217;
his speech on the occupation of West Florida, 321, 322;
loses his seat in the Senate, ii. 116;
his attempt to call a State convention in 1812, 402.
Pinckney, Thomas, appointed major-general, ii. 290.
Pinkney, William, United States minister in London, his reply, Dec. 28, 1808, to Canning’s first advance, i. 43, 44, 45;
his reception of Canning’s further advances, 49, 51, 52;
opinion attributed to, by Canning, 54;
his pleasure at the Order of April 26, 1809, 63, 64;
his opinion of Francis James Jackson, 96;
his intimacy with Wellesley, 270, 275;
his reports of Wellesley’s intentions, 271;
inquires whether Fox’s blockade is in force, 277–280;
notifies Wellesley of Champagny’s letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 286;
his republican insolence, 287;
demands repeal of the Orders, Nov. 3, 1811, ii. 3;
his argument that the French Decrees were revoked and that Fox’s blockade was illegal, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11;
his definition of blockade, 10;
his demand for an audience of leave, 12, 15;
his hesitation, 16;
his note of Feb. 17, 1811, to Wellesley, 17;
insists on “an inamicable leave,” 18, 20;
his final audience, 19, 20;
his character as minister, 20, 21;
sails for America, 21;
appointed Attorney-General, 429.
Pitkin, Timothy, member of Congress from Connecticut, votes for war measures, ii. 147.
Pitt, William, his patronage of young men, i. 264, 265.
Plattsburg, on Lake Champlain, military force at, ii. 344;
Dearborn’s campaign from, 360.
Poland, i. 257.
Population of the United States in 1810, i. 289.
Porter, David, captain in U. S. navy, commands “Essex,” ii. 377;
captures “Alert,” 377;
returns to port, 378;
sails again, 384.
Porter, Peter Buell, member of Congress from New York, ii. 122;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his report favoring war, 133–136;
his war speech, 136;
favors small army, 151;
asks for provisional army, 165;
introduces embargo bill, 201;
calls for volunteers, 355;
charges General Smyth with cowardice, 358;
his duel with Smyth, 358.
Portland, Duke of, his death, i. 107.
Pottawatomies, charged by Tecumthe with bad conduct, ii. 111, 112.
Potter, Elisha, member of Congress from Rhode Island, i. 167; ii. 447.
“President,” American 44-gun frigate, ordered to sea, May 6, 1811, ii. 25, 26;
chases a British war-vessel, 27;
fires into the “Little Belt,” 30;
at New York, 363, 365;
goes to sea, 366;
cruise of, 366, 368;
returns to Boston, 375, 378;
sails again, 381;
returns to Boston, Dec. 31, 1812, 381.
Previous question, the rule of, adopted, i. 353–356;
denounced by Stanford, ii. 146.
Prevost, Sir George, governor general of Canada, ii. 317;
his report on the lukewarm and temporizing spirit in Upper Canada, 318, 319;
negotiates armistice with Dearborn, 323;
his military superiority in August, 1812, 338, 339.
Prince Regent. (See George, Prince of Wales.)
Proclamation of July 2, 1807, on the “Chesapeake” affair, i. 31;
of April 19, 1809, renewing intercourse with Great Britain, 73, 115;
of Aug. 9, 1809, reviving the Non-intercourse Act against Great Britain, 114, 115;
of Nov. 2, 1810, reviving the non-intercourse against Great Britain, 302, 303, 304, 338, 400;
of Oct. 27, 1810, ordering the military occupation of West Florida, 310, 311;
of November 2, 1810, announcing the repeal of the French Decrees, ii. 4, 56;
of William Hull on invading Canada, 303, 320;
of Isaac Brock in reply to Hull, 320.
Proctor, Henry, Colonel of the Forty-first British Infantry, arrives at Malden, ii. 314;
disapproves Brock’s measures, 330.
Prophet, the Shawnee, begins Indian movement at Greenville, ii. 78;
removes to Tippecanoe Creek, 79;
his talk with Gov. Harrison in August, 1808, 80;
charged with beginning hostilities, 95;
sends Indians to Harrison, 97, 100;
blamed for the affair at Tippecanoe, 108.
Prussia, spoliations by, i. 226;
closes ports to American vessels, 413, 416.

Queenston, battle at, ii. 349–352.
Quincy, Josiah, member of Congress from Massachusetts declares the admission of Louisiana a virtual dissolution of the Union, i. 325, 326;
votes for war-measures, ii. 147, 152;
gives warning of embargo, 201;
moves that the war-debate be public, 227;
opposes enlistment of minors, 435;
opposes forfeitures, 443;

Rambouillet, decree of. (See Decrees.)
Randolph, John, his remarks on Jefferson, i. 78;
on Erskine’s arrangement, 79;
on Madison’s message, 177;
his attempt to reduce expenditures in 1810, 199–207;
on the incapacity of government, 209;
on the contract with Napoleon, 344, 345;
his quarrel with Eppes, 352;
denounces the previous question, 353;
his remarks on President and Cabinet, February, 1811, 360, 361;
supports the Bank charter, 362;
his opinion of “the cabal,” 363, 364;
his quarrel with Monroe, 367;
his report on slavery in Indiana, ii. 76;
replies to Grundy on war, 142, 145;
ridicules army bill, 153;
declares war impossible, 202;
his comments on Eustis and Hamilton, 206;
his remarks on war, 211;
criticises Gallatin, 446.
Regiments. (See Army.)
Remusat, Mme. de, i. 235.
Revenue. (See Finances.)
Rhea, John, member of Congress from Tennessee, on the annexation of West Florida to Louisiana, i. 324;
asserts contract with Napoleon, 343.
Richardson, Lieutenant of Canadian militia, his account of the capture of Detroit, ii. 332.
Rockingham, in New Hampshire, county meeting of, ii. 403, 409.
Rodgers, John, captain in the United States navy, ordered to sea in the “President,” May 6, 1811, ii. 25;
chases the “Little Belt,” 26, 27;
mistakes the “Little Belt” for the “Guerriere,” 29, 30;
his action with the “Little Belt,” 28–36;
his orders in June, 1812, 363, 365, 367, 368;
chases the “Belvidera,” 366;
arrives with his squadron at Boston, 375;
sails again with squadron, 378, 381;
returns, Dec. 31, 1812, 381.
Rodney, Cæsar A., his report on slavery in Indiana, ii. 76;
resigns attorney-generalship, 429.
Rose, George, on the Orders in Council, ii. 276, 277, 281, 283;
yields to an inquiry, 283.
Rose, George Henry, i. 95, 112–116.
Roumanzoff, Count Nicholas, chancellor of the Russian empire, his language about Austria, i. 134;
declines to interfere in Danish spoliations, 409, 410, 411;
declines to release vessels at Archangel, 415;
protests against ukase, 418.
Rovigo, Duc de. (See Savary.)
Rule of 1756, Canning’s demand for express recognition of, i. 53, 55, 72, 104.
Rush, Richard, comptroller of the Treasury, ii. 229.
Russell, Jonathan, charged with legation at Paris, i. 260, 380;
his reports on the revocation of the Decrees, 381–395;
blamed by Monroe for questioning the revocation of the French Decrees, ii. 42;
blamed by Serurier for his tone, 53;
sent as chargé to the legation at London, 252, 282;
asks proofs that the French Decrees are repealed, 252;
his reports from London, 283.
Russia, mission to, declared inexpedient, i. 11;
minister to, appointed, 86;
her rupture with France in 1811, 385, 398, 399, 412–423.
Ryland, Herman W., secretary to Sir James Craig, i. 86.

Sackett’s Harbor, military importance of, ii. 342, 343.
Saint Mary’s River, i. 165.
Salt duty, repeal of, ii. 149, 150;
to be re-enacted, 157, 166, 167.
Sandwich, opposite Detroit, ii. 302.
Savary, Duc de Rovigo, i. 241.
Sawyer, British Vice-admiral, ii. 368.
Sawyer, Lemuel, member of Congress from North Carolina, i. 184.
Scheldt, British expedition to, i. 107.
Schooner, the swiftest sailer in the world, ii. 48.
Scott, Sir William, decides the French Decrees to be still in force, ii. 267.
Scott, Winfield, captain of artillery in 1808, ii. 292;
his description of the army, 292;
lieutenant-colonel at Queenston Heights, 351;
surrenders, 352.
Seamen, foreign, in the American service, ii. 455–457.
Search, right of, as understood by Napoleon, i. 137, 145.
Seaver, Ebenezer, member of Congress from Massachusetts, ii. 400.
Sedition Law, the, ii. 146.
Semonville, Comte de, his official address, i. 382, 388; ii. 8.
Serurier, succeeds Turreau as French minister at Washington, i. 345, 346;
his first interview with Robert Smith, 346;
reports the government decided to enforce non-intercourse against Great Britain, 347;
his estimates of Gallatin and Robert Smith, ii. 46–50;
the crisis of his fortune, 52;
reports Monroe’s anger at Napoleon’s conduct, 51, 53, 54, 57;
remonstrates at Barlow’s delay, 55;
his letter of July 19, 1811, on the repeal of Napoleon’s Decrees, 60;
his report of Monroe’s and Madison’s remarks on Napoleon’s arrangements, July, 1811, 63, 64;
his report of Madison’s warlike plans in November, 1811, 129, 130;
his reports on Crillon and John Henry’s papers, 178–181;
his report of Madison’s language on the French spoliations, 187;
his report of Monroe’s language regarding the repeal of the French Decrees, 188, 189, 194, 195;
his report of Monroe’s remarks on the embargo and war, 200;
remonstrates against suspension of the Non-importation Act, 205;
his remarks on the failure of the loan, 208;
his report of angry feeling against France, 217;
his report of Monroe’s complaints in June, 1812, 231;
his report of Monroe’s language about the occupation of East Florida, 241;
his report of Monroe’s language about negotiation for peace, 415, 416.
“Shannon,” British frigate, ii. 368;
chases “Constitution,” 370.
Sheaffe, R. H., Major-General of the British army in Canada, ii. 349, 351.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, i. 265.
Shipping, its prosperity in 1809–1810, i. 15, 290;
protection of, 319.
Short, William, i. 11.
Sidmouth, Lord, speech on the Orders in Council, i. 59;
his weariness of the Orders, 282, 283;
enters Cabinet, ii. 281.
Slavery in Indiana, ii. 75–77.
Sloops-of-War, in the U. S. navy, act of Congress for building six, ii. 449.
(See “Wasp,” “Hornet,” “Argus,” “Syren,” “Nautilus.”)
Smilie, John, member of congress from Pennsylvania, i. 204.
Smith, John Spear, chargé in London, ii. 21, 267.
Smith, Robert, offered the Treasury Department, i. 7, 379;
becomes Secretary of State, 8, 10;
his language about war with France, 35;
his letter to Erskine accepting settlement of the “Chesapeake Affair,” 68, 69, 89;
his replies to Canning’s three conditions, 71–73;
his remarks to Turreau on Jefferson’s weakness and indiscretions, 84;
introduces F. J. Jackson to the president, 120;
his interviews with Jackson, 122–124, 126;
his incompetence, 159;
Madison’s resentment of his conduct on Macon’s bill, 186, 187;
his supposed quarrels in the Cabinet, 188;
opposed to Madison’s course toward France, 296, 297, 366, 374, 375, 378;
notifies Turreau of the President’s intention to revive the non-intercourse against England, 302, 303;
explains to Turreau the occupation of West Florida, 313;
his first interviews with Serurier, 346, 347;
irritates Madison by questioning Serurier, 350;
his abilities, 363, 376;
his removal from the State Department, 375–377;
his Address to the People, 378;
his retort against Madison, 379;
Serurier’s estimate of, ii. 46–50;
his remark about American schooners, 48;
his comments on Jefferson, Madison, and Clinton, 48;
his pamphlet reveals secrets annoying to Madison, 54.
Smith, Samuel, senator from Maryland, defeats Gallatin’s appointment as Secretary of State, i. 4–7.
his quarrel with Gallatin, 10, 11;
votes for mission to Russia, 11;
re-elected to the Senate, 159;
his support of Giles, 180;
defeats Macon’s bill, 185, 192, 193;
his motives, 185, 186, 187, 192;
reports bill of his own, 197, 198;
moves censure of Pickering, 322;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 335, 336;
his abilities, 363;
opposes every financial proposal, 234;
votes against occupying East Florida, 243.
Smyth, Alexander, inspector-general of U. S. army, with rank of brigadier, ii. 353;
arrives at Buffalo with brigade, 346;
his disagreement with Van Rensselaer, 346, 348;
ordered to take command, 353;
his Niagara campaign, 354–358;
dropped from the army-roll, 358.
Snyder, Simon, governor of Pennsylvania, i. 13.
Spain, Napoleon’s and Moore’s campaigns in, i. 22–28;
Wellesley’s campaigns in, 268.
Spanish America, Napoleon’s policy toward, i. 32, 33, 384, 385, 407;
Jefferson’s wishes regarding, 37, 38;
Madison’s policy towards, 38, 39, 305–315;
Spencer Perceval’s policy toward, 269, 283, 284;
movements for independence in, 305.
Specie in the United States in 1810, i. 330.
Spoliations by Napoleon, i. 30, 151, 152, 220, 255;
value of, 242, 243;
Madison’s anger at, 292;
Madison’s demand for indemnity, 295, 296;
their municipal character, 299;
their justification as reprisals, 230, 232, 234, 237, 254, 258, 259, 388, 391, 396;
in Denmark, 409, 411;
not matter of discussion, ii. 54, 125;
Madison’s language regarding, 187;
Monroe’s language regarding, 188, 189;
new, reported in March, 1812, 193, 224, 251,
in June, 231;
probable value of, 247.
Stanford, Richard, member of Congress from North Carolina, i. 182;
his retort on Calhoun, ii. 144;
his speech on war, 146.
Stanley, Lord, ii. 283.
Steamboat, i. 215, 216.
Stephen, James, his speech of March 6, 1809, i. 60, 65;
his remarks on Erskine’s arrangement, 98;
on the Orders, ii. 276;
yields to a parliamentary inquiry, 284.
Story, Joseph, retires from Congress, i. 76;
obnoxious to Jefferson, 359.
Strong, Caleb, re-elected governor of Massachusetts in April, 1812, ii. 204;
his Fast Proclamation, 399;
declines to obey call for militia, 400;
calls out three companies, 400.
Sumter, Thomas, appointed minister to Brazil, i. 11.
Sweden, Bernadotte, Prince of, i. 424;
his rupture with Napoleon, 425, 426;
Napoleon declares war on, ii. 251.
Swedish Pomerania, i. 425.
“Syren,” sloop-of-war, ii. 378.

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de, his letter of Dec. 21, 1804, i. 321;
on the boundaries of Louisiana, 321, 322.
Taxes, war, ii. 157, 165, 166;
postponed, 168, 204;
reported June 26, 1812, 235;
postponed by Congress, 235, 444;
bill for, 447.
Taylor, John, member of Congress from South Carolina, author of Macon’s bill No. 2, i. 194;
his speech, 195, 196;
introduces Bank charter, 208.
Taylor, John, of Caroline, his advice to Monroe, i. 369, 370;
Monroe’s letter to, June 13, 1812, ii. 66;
his remarks on the presidential election of 1812, 414, 417.
Tazewell, Littleton Waller, i. 161.
Tecumthe, or Tecumseh, his origin, ii. 78;
his plan of Indian confederation, 78, 79;
establishes himself at Tippecanoe, 79;
character of his village, 80;
joined by the Wyandots, 83;
his conference with Harrison, Aug. 12, 1810, 85–88;
seizes salt in June, 1811, 90;
his talk at Vincennes, July 27, 1811, 91;
starts for the Creek country, 92;
his account of the affair at Tippecanoe, 105, 109;
returns from the Creek country, 108;
his reply to British complaints, 109;
his speech of May 16, 1812, 111;
joins the British at Malden, 329, 330;
routs Ohio militia, 315;
at the battle of Maguaga, 325;
at the capture of Detroit, 332.
Terre aux Bœufs, encampment at, i. 171–175.
Thiers, Louis Adolphe, on Napoleon, i. 225, 226, 236.
“Times,” The London, on the Orders in Council, i. 62;
on English apathy towards the United States, ii. 24;
on an American war, 287.
Tippecanoe Creek, ii. 68, 79;
Indian settlement at, 80;
character of, 81;
to be a large Indian resort, 91;
to be broken up, 92, 94;
Harrison’s march on, 97;
arrival at, 98;
camp at, 101;
battle of, 103;
characterized by Tecumthe, 105, 109, 111;
retreat from, 106;
Harrison’s estimate of effect of battle, 107, 108;
charged upon England, 140, 143.
Tompkins, D. D., Governor of New York; his prevention of the bank charter, ii. 209.
Toronto. (See York.)
Torpedo, Fulton’s, i. 209.
Totten, Joseph G., captain of engineers, ii. 350, 352.
Towson, Nathan, captain of artillery, ii. 347.
Treaty of Feb. 22, 1819, with Spain, ceding Florida, ii. 237.
Treaties, Indian, of Greenville, Aug. 3, 1795, ii. 79;
of Aug. 18, 1804, with the Delaware Indians, ceding land, 75;
of Aug. 27, 1804, with the Piankeshaw Indians, ceding land, 75, 77;
of Aug. 21, 1805, with the Delawares, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River, and Weas, 75;
of Nov. 25, 1808, with the Chippewa, Ottawa, Pottawatomy, Wyandot and Shawanee nations, 82;
of Sept. 30, 1809, with the Delawares, Pottawatomies, Miamis, and Eel River Miamis, 83, 85, 87.
Troup, George McIntosh, member of Congress from Georgia, i. 185, 202;
on admission of West Florida, 324;
his war-speech, ii. 144, 145;
votes for frigates, 164.
Turner, Charles, member of Congress from Massachusetts, assaulted in Plymouth, ii. 400, 409.
Turreau, French minister to the United States, his anger with the government in the spring of 1809, i. 33–40;
his report on the repeal of the embargo, 34;
on the non-importation act, 35;
on disunion, 36;
on the Spanish colonies, 37;
his advice on rupture with the United States, 40;
his report of Gallatin’s remarks on renewal of intercourse with Great Britain, 74;
his report of Robert Smith’s remarks on Jefferson’s weakness and indiscretions, 84;
his note of June 14, 1809, remonstrating at the unfriendly conduct of the United States, 84;
his recall ordered by Napoleon, 226;
his successor arrives, 345, 346.

Ukase, Imperial, of Dec. 19, 1810, i. 418, 419.
Union, dissolution of, a delicate topic, i. 14;
a cause of repealing the embargo, 34;
discussed by Turreau, 36;
discussed in New England, ii. 403, 409.
United States, population in 1810, i. 289.
“United States,” 44-gun frigate, ii. 363;
first cruise of, in 1812, 366, 375;
at Boston, 378;
second cruise of, 381;
captures the “Macedonian,” 382, 383.
University, national, i. 319.

Van Buren, Martin, his support of De Witt Clinton, ii. 409, 413.
Van Rensselaer, Solomon, colonel of New York militia, commands attack on Queenston, ii. 348.
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, Major-General of New York militia, ordered to take command at Niagara, ii. 321;
forwards letter to Hull, 324;
his force, Aug. 19, 1812, 341;
his alarming position, 342, 343;
his force, Sept. 15, 344;
expected to invade Canada with six thousand men, 345;
his attack on Queenston, 346, 347–353;
retires from command, 353;
Monroe’s opinion of, 396;
Jefferson’s comment on, 398;
Varnum, Joseph B., of Massachusetts, re-elected speaker, i. 76;
his rulings on the previous question, 353;
elected senator, ii. 116.
Vermilion River, Indian boundary, ii. 97, 98.
Vienna, Napoleon’s draft for a decree of, i. 143, 144, 150, 152.
Vincennes, territorial capital of Indiana, ii. 68, 71, 79;
the Shawnee prophet’s talk at, 80;
Tecumthe’s talks at, 85, 91;
citizens’ meeting at, 92;
Indian deputation at, 108;
panic at, 110.
Virginia creates manufactures in New England, i. 19, 20;
apathy of, toward the war, ii. 413, 414.
“Vixen,” sloop-of-war, captured, ii. 386.

Wabash, valley of, ii. 67, 68, 75, 77.
Harrison’s land purchase in, 83;
war imminent in, 85.
Wadsworth, William, Brigadier-General of New York militia, ii. 351;
surrenders at Queenston, 352.
Wagner, Jacob, editor of the “Federal Republican,” ii. 406, 407.
Wales, Prince of. (See George, Prince of Wales.)
War, declared by Monroe to be nearly decided in November, 1811, ii. 130;
recommended by House Committee of Foreign Relations, Nov. 29, 1811, 133–136;
its objects explained by Peter B. Porter, 136;
its effects discussed by Felix Grundy, 138, 141;
Grundy’s account of its causes, 139, 140;
Macon’s view of its object, 145;
war-taxes (see Finance), war-power (see Militia), department of, its incompetence, 168(see Eustis;)
Monroe’s remarks on, 190;
Madison’s message recommending, 221–226;
expediency of, 223;
Madison’s recapitulation of causes, 220–223;
Calhoun’s report on causes, 226;
Calhoun’s bill for, adopted by the House, 228;
by the Senate, 228, 229;
and signed by the President, 229;
criticisms on the conduct of, 392–399;
opposition to, 398–403;
apathy towards, 414;
only attainable object of, 418;
reasons of continuance, 430–432.
Ward, Robert Plumer, ii. 279.
Washington city, F. J. Jackson’s impressions of, i. 116–119.
Washington, President, expenditures of his administration, i. 200.
“Wasp,” sloop-of-war, ii. 364, 378;
her action with the “Frolic,” 379, 380.
Wayne, Fort, ii. 294.
Wea Indians, ii. 71, 75, 87.
Webster, Daniel, his Rockingham Resolutions, ii. 403.
Wellesley, Marquess, his character, i. 264, 265, 269;
appointed ambassador to the Supreme Junta, 267;
becomes Foreign Secretary, 268;
his friendship with Pinkney, 270, 275;
his promises, 271;
his note on Jackson, 272;
his remark on American hatred, 273;
his procrastination, 277–280, 285;
his contempt for his colleagues, 281, 282;
resolves to retire, 285;
his reply to Champagny’s letter of August 5, 283;
hopes for a Whig ministry in November, 1811, ii. 4;
his controversy with Pinkney over the French Decrees and the law of blockade, 5, 6, 9;
abandons hope of a Whig ministry, 14;
rejects Pinkney’s demands, 14, 15, 18;
appoints a minister to Washington, 16;
his instructions of April 10, 1811, to the new minister (see Foster), 22, 23;
criticises his colleagues for apathy towards America, 24;
his instructions to Foster of Jan. 28, 1812, 191, 192;
settles the “Chesapeake” affair, 121, 122, 270;
urges his colleagues to choose a course, 267, 268;
resigns from the cabinet, Jan. 16, 1812, 271.
Wellesley, Sir Arthur, i. 266;
fights the battle of Talavera, 106;
made a viscount, 264;
general-in-chief, 267;
retreats, 268.
Wellesley, Henry, i. 264;
envoy in Spain, 268;
on Perceval’s commercial policy, 283, 284.
Westmoreland, Lord Privy Seal, i. 282.
West Point, school at, i. 319.
Whiskey-tax, rejected, ii. 167.
Whitbread, Samuel, member of Parliament, i. 50; ii. 270.
Widgery, William, member of Congress from Massachusetts, ii. 400.
Wilberforce, William, member of Parliament, ii. 273, 280.
Wilkinson, James, brigadier-general, his movements, i. 37;
Gallatin’s remarks on his character, 38;
military court of inquiry on, 169;
his influence on the army, 169;
ordered to New Orleans, 170;
his encampment at Terre aux Bœufs, 171–175;
summoned to Washington for investigation, 175;
senior brigadier, ii. 291.
Williams, David R., not a member of the Eleventh Congress, i. 76;
in the Twelfth Congress, ii. 122;
chairman of military committee, 124, 435.
Wilna, in Poland, Barlow’s journey to, ii. 263, 264.
Winchester, Joseph, brigadier-general, ii. 291.
Winder, William H., Colonel of Fourteenth Infantry, ii. 357, 359.
Wolcott, Alexander, i. 359, 360.
Wool, John E., Captain of Thirteenth Infantry, gains Queenston Heights, ii. 349, 350.
Woollen manufactures, i. 17.
Wright, Robert, member of Congress from Maryland, his motion on impressments, i. 351, 352;
opposes Gallatin’s taxes, ii. 167;
his threats against opposition, 213.

York, or Toronto, capital of Upper Canada, ii. 316.
York, Duke of, i. 57, 58, 105.