The History of the United States Volume 9 (of 9)

GENERAL INDEX.

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Abbot, Charles, Speaker of the House of Commons, iv. 97.
Abolition Society, an early, i. 128.
Acts of Congress, of Sept. 24, 1789, to establish the Judiciary, i. 259, 260, 275, 276;
of June 13, 1798, to suspend intercourse with France, 383;
of June 25, 1798, concerning aliens, 140, 141, 206, 207, 259, 286;
of July 14, 1798, concerning sedition, 140, 141, 206, 207, 259, 261, 286; vi. 146;
of Jan. 30, 1799, called Logan’s Act, ii. 259; iv. 236;
of Feb. 9, 1799, further to suspend intercourse with France, i. 384;
of Feb. 13, 1801, to provide for the more convenient organization of the courts, 274–276, 278, 280, 288, 293, 297;
of Jan. 14, 1802, for the apportionment of representatives, 301;
of March 8, 1802, to repeal the Judiciary Act of 1801, 280, 281, 284–298;
of March 16, 1802, fixing the military peace establishment, 301;
of April 6, 1802, to repeal the internal taxes, 272;
of April 29, 1802, for the redemption of the public debt, 272;
of April 29, 1802, to amend the judicial system, 298;
of April 30, 1802, to enable Ohio to form a State government, 302;
of Feb. 28, 1803, for building four sloops-of-war and fifteen gunboats, ii. 77;
of Oct. 31, 1803, to take possession of Louisiana, 119, 120;
of Feb. 24, 1804, for collecting duties within the territories ceded to the United States, 257, 260–263, 291, 293, 304, 380 (Mobile Act);
of March 25, 1804, to establish the Mediterranean Fund, 141;
of March 26, 1804, for the temporary government of Louisiana, 120–129;
of Jan. 19, 1805, to erect a dam from Mason’s island, 209;
of March 2, 1805, further providing for the government of Orleans Territory, 401;
of March 3, 1805, for the more effectual preservation of peace in the ports and harbors of the United States, 397, 398;
of March 3, 1805, regulating trade with St. Domingo, iii. 88;
of Feb. 13, 1806, called the Two Million Act, 138, 139, 147, 170;
of Feb. 28, 1806, prohibiting trade with St. Domingo, 140, 141;
of April 18, 1806, prohibiting the importation of certain goods from Great Britain, 175;
of March 29, 1806, for laying out the Cumberland Road, 181;
of April 21, 1806, for continuing the Mediterranean Fund, 183;
of Dec. 19, 1806, for suspending the Non-importation Act of April 18, 1806, 349;
of March 3, 1807, repealing the salt-tax and continuing the Mediterranean Fund, 349, 367, 369;
of Feb. 10, 1807, establishing a coast survey, 355;
of March 2, 1807, prohibiting the importation of slaves, 356–365;
of Dec. 18, 1807, providing for the building of one hundred and eighty-eight gunboats, iv. 161;
of Dec. 22, 1807, for laying an embargo, 168–176;
of Jan. 9, 1808, supplementary to the embargo, 200;
of March 12, 1808, supplementary to the embargo, 201–204;
of April 12, 1808, to raise eight new regiments, 212–218;
of April 22, 1808, authorizing the President under certain conditions to suspend the embargo, 223, 306;
of Jan. 9, 1809, to enforce the embargo, 398–400;
of Jan. 30, 1809, calling an extra session on the fourth Monday in May, 424;
of March 1, 1809, to interdict commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France, 444–453;
of June 28, 1809, restoring intercourse with Great Britain, v. 80;
of June 28, 1809, suspending the recruiting service, 85;
of June 28, 1809, reducing the naval establishment, 85;
of March 1, 1810, concerning the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France, 194–198 (see Non-intercourse);
of Feb. 14, 1810, appropriating sixty thousand dollars for the Cumberland Road, 209;
of March 26, 1810, providing for the Third Census, 209;
of March 30, 1810, appropriating five thousand dollars for experiments on the submarine torpedo, 209;
of Feb. 20, 1811, admitting the State of Louisiana into the Union, 326;
of Jan. 15, 1811, authorizing the occupation of East Florida, 327;
of March 2, 1811, reviving non-intercourse against reat Britain, 338–354 (see Non-intercourse);
of Jan. 11, 1812 to raise an additional military force of twenty-five thousand men, vi. 147, 153;
of Feb. 6, 1812, to accept volunteers, 159–161;
of March 14, 1812, authorizing a loan for eleven million dollars, 169;
of April 4, 1812, laying an embargo for ninety days, 201, 202, 203;
of April 8, 1812, admitting the State of Louisiana into the Union, 235;
of April 10, 1812, authorizing a call for one hundred thousand militia, 204;
of April 14, 1812, to enlarge the limits of the State of Louisiana, 236;
of May 14, 1812, to enlarge the boundaries of the Mississippi Territory, 236;
of June 18, 1812, declaring war against Great Britain, 228, 229;
of July 1, 1812, doubling the duties on imports, 235;
of Dec. 12, 1812, increasing the pay of the army, 435;
of Jan. 20, 1813, increasing the bounty for recruits, 436;
of Jan. 2, 1813, for building four seventy-fours and six frigates, 436;
of Jan. 5, 1813, remitting fines, forfeitures, etc., 443;
of Jan. 29, 1813, for raising twenty regiments for one year, 449;
of Feb. 8, 1813, authorizing loan of sixteen millions, 448;
of Feb. 24, 1813, for appointing six major-generals and six brigadiers, 449;
of Feb. 25, 1813, authorizing the issue of Treasury notes for five millions, 448;
of March 3, 1813, to provide for the supplies of the army, 449;
of March 3, 1813, for the better organization of the general staff, 449;
of March 3, 1813, for building six sloops-of-war, 449;
of March 3, 1813, for the regulation of seamen on board the public and private vessels of the United tates, 453–458;
of Feb. 24, 1813, for appointing six major-generals and six brigadiers, vii. 36, 37;
of March 3, 1813, for the regulation of seamen, etc., 47;
of July 22, 1813, for the assessment and collection of direct taxes and internal revenue, 55, 71;
of July 24, 1813, laying duties on carriages, 55, 71;
of July 24, 1813, laying duties on licenses to distillers, 55, 71;
of July 24, 1813, laying duties on sales at auction, 71;
of July 29, 1813, laying a duty on imported salt, 71;
of Aug. 2, 1813, to lay and collect a direct tax, 71;
of Aug. 2, 1813, laying duties on licenses to retailers, 71;
of Aug. 2, 1813, authorizing a loan for seven million, five hundred thousand dollars, 71;
of Aug. 2, 1813, laying stamp duties, 71;
of Aug. 2, 1813, to prohibit British licenses of trade, 71;
secret, of Feb. 12, 1813, authorizing the President to seize West Florida, 208, 209;
of Aug. 2, 1813, reducing duties on prize goods, 336;
of Aug. 3, 1813, allowing a bounty for prisoners taken by privateers, 336;
of Aug. 2, 1813, extending the pension law to privateers, 337;
of Dec. 17, 1813, laying an embargo, 369;
of Jan. 25, 1814, relieving Nantucket from the Embargo Act, 369;
of Jan. 27, 1814, for filling the ranks of the regular army, 381–384;
of March 9, 1814, for building steam-batteries, 385;
of March 24, 1814, authorizing a loan for twenty-five millions, 389, 390;
of March 4, 1814, authorizing the issue of ten million treasury notes, 389, 390;
of March 31, 1814, for the indemnification of Mississippi land claimants (Yazoo Act), 402;
of Nov. 15, 1814, for building twenty 16-gun sloops-of-war, viii. 281;
of Dec. 10, 1814, making further provision for filling the ranks of the army, 268, 273, 274;
of Dec. 21, 1814, laying additional duties on stills, 248, 255;
of Dec. 23, 1814, doubling the internal revenue taxes, 248, 255;
of Dec. 26, 1814, authorizing the issue of treasury notes to the amount of ten million five hundred thousand dollars, 254;
of Jan. 9, 1815, raising the direct tax to six million dollars, 248, 255;
of Jan. 18, 1815, increasing the customs duties, 248, 255;
of January 18, 1815, increasing the duties on household furniture, etc., 248, 255;
of Jan. 27, 1815, authorizing the President to accept the services of State troops, 282–285;
of Feb. 7, 1815, creating a board of navy commissioners, 281;
of March 2, 1815, fixing the military peace establishment, ix. 84–86;
of Feb. 27, 1815, concerning the flotilla service and gunboats, 87;
of March 3, 1815, for the support of the navy, 87;
of March 3, 1815, for protecting commerce against Algerine cruisers, 87;
of March 3, 1815, authorizing a loan for eighteen millions, 100–102;
of March 5, 1816, to reduce the amount of direct tax, 112, 114;
of April 10, 1816, to incorporate the subscribers to the Bank of the United States, 116–118;
of April 27, 1816, to regulate the duties on imports, 114–116;
of April 29, 1816, for the gradual increase of the navy, 119;
of March 19, 1816, to change the mode of Compensation to the members of the Senate and ouse of Representatives, 120–122;
of April 19, 1816, to admit Indiana into the Union, 119;
of Feb. 6, 1817, to repeal the Compensation Act, 144–146;
of March 1, 1817, concerning the navigation of the United States, 146, 147;
of March 3, 1817, to regulate the trade in plaster of Paris, 147;
of March 3, 1817, to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts, 147;
of March 3, 1817, more effectually to preserve the neutral relations of the United States, 147.
Act of the territorial legislature of Indiana, permitting the introduction of slaves, vi. 76.
Acts of Parliament, on navigation, ii. 319, 320, 327, 413, 414;
of 6th Anne, naturalizing foreign seamen, ii. 338; vii. 21–23;
on merchant-shipping, ii. 345;
of 13th George II. naturalizing foreign seamen, vii. 21–23.
Adair, John, senator from Kentucky, iii. 127, 139;
in Wilkinson’s confidence, 220, 223, 241, 255, 274;
refuses to testify, 282;
accompanies Burr to Nashville, 287;
his remarks on Andrew Jackson, 288;
starts for New Orleans by land, 291;
Burr’s despatches to, 295;
arrives in New Orleans, and is arrested, 324;
discharged from custody, 340;
commands Kentucky militia at New Orleans, viii. 368;
his dispute with Jackson, 371, 373, 378;
his account of the battle on the west bank, 379.
Adams, John, i. 181, 191, 290, 311, 358, 384, 386, 412; ii. 110, 309; iii. 452; iv. 455;
his description of Pickering, 402;
expenditures of his administration, v. 200, 205, 206;
Randolph’s allusion to, in 1814, viii. 265;
George Ticknor’s account of his remarks on the Hartford Convention, 307, 308;
his struggle for the fisheries in 1783, ix. 44, 45;
his “Defence of the Constitutions,” 195.
Adams, John Quincy, senator from Massachusetts, ii. 110, 117, 184–379;
proposes draft of Constitutional amendment, 118, 160, 164;
his interviews with Jefferson, iii. 129, 430, 431;
his part in the Non-importation Resolutions, 151;
his remarks on Yrujo, 188;
attends “Chesapeake” meetings in Boston, iv. 29;
pledged to support opposition to England, 146;
chairman of the committee on the embargo, 171;
urges the passage of the Embargo Act, 173;
offers a resolution for removing the embargo, 187;
votes for Clinton and replies to Pickering’s letter, 240 et seq.;
resigns his seat in the Senate, 242, 255, 283, 401;
nominated as minister to Russia, v. 11;
renominated and confirmed, 86;
nominated and confirmed Justice of the Supreme Court, 360;
sails for Russia, 408;
arrives, 409;
his negotiations in 1809, 409, 411;
his negotiations in 1810, 412–418;
his success, 419, 420, 422;
receives and forwards the Czar’s offer of mediation, vii. 27–29;
nominated as joint envoy to treat of peace at St. Petersburg, 59;
his appointment confirmed, 61;
ignorant of the Czar’s motives, 344;
informed by Roumanzoff that England refused mediation, 346;
designated as minister to London, 347;
informed that the Czar would renew offer, 348;
surprised by Roumanzoff’s contradictions, 349;
nominated and confirmed as joint envoy to treat of peace at Ghent, 371;
chief of the commission, ix. 15;
his difficulties, 16;
his account of the American note of August 24, 21;
despairs of peace, 22;
insists on defending the Florida policy, 29, 30;
struggles to preserve the fisheries, 44–50;
his opinion of Gallatin and Bayard, 51;
appointed minister to England, 89;
appointed Secretary of State by Monroe, 139, 140;
Professor of Rhetoric at Harvard College, 205.
Adams. William, LL.D., British commissioner at Ghent, ix. 13;
states British demands, 20;
on the fisheries, 47.
“Adams,” brig, launched at Detroit, vi. 304;
captured and recaptured, 347;
destroyed, 347.
“Adams,” 28-gun corvette, vi. 364;
at Washington, vii. 56, 277, 287, 311;
her cruise in 1814, viii. 95;
her destruction in the Penobscot, 96.
Addington ministry, ii. 358, 416.
Addington, Henry (Lord Sidmouth), succeeds Pitt, ii. 342, 347;
retires from office, 418.
(See Sidmouth.)
Addison, Judge, impeached, ii. 195.
Admiralty courts in the West Indies, ii. 340.
“Aeolus,” case of, vi. 273.
“Aeolus,” British frigate, vi. 368.
“Africa,” British frigate, vi. 368.
Alabama Indians, members of the Creek nation, vii. 222;
the centre of Creek fanaticism, 222, 223;
outbreak among, 226, 227;
escape of, 257.
Albany in 1800, i. 3;
headquarters of Dearborn, vi. 304, 305, 308, 309, 310;
increase in population of, ix. 156.
“Alert,” British sloop-of-war, her action with the “Essex,” vi. 35, 377.
“Alexander,” Salem privateer captured, vii. 329.
Alexander, Czar of Russia, iii. 425;
signs treaty of Tilsit, iv. 62;
wishes diplomatic relations with Jefferson, 465;
with Napoleon at Erfurt, v. 23;
his alliance with Napoleon, 134, 257;
his approaching rupture with Napoleon, 385, 408–424;
interferes for American commerce in Denmark, 410, 411;
his reply to Napoleon’s demands, 413, 414;
gives special orders to release American ships, 415;
his attachment to the United States, 415;
his ukase on foreign trade, 418;
offers mediation, vii. 26–29, 41, 353;
continues war in Germany, 339, 345;
forced back to Silesia, 340;
at Gitschin during armistice, 340;
his difficulties and hesitations, 344, 345;
orders Nesselrode, July 9, 1813, to acquiesce in British refusal of mediation, 345, 346, 349;
orders Roumanzoff, July 20, to renew offer of mediation, 348, 353;
acquiesces, August 20, in British refusal of mediation, 350;
orders Roumanzoff, September 20, to renew offer of mediation, 352;
his motives, 353, 354;
takes no notice of American commissioners, 351, 352, 354, 355;
Andrew Jackson’s report of, viii. 320;
visits London, ix. 8;
his conduct at Vienna, 38.
Alexandria, town of, capitulates to British fleet, viii. 157, 158.
Alfred, Maine, the town of, protests against the embargo, iv. 415.
Algiers, hostilities against, in 1815, ix. 87, 105.
Allen, John, colonel of Kentucky Rifles, vii. 88, 89;
killed at the River Raisin, 96.
Allen, W. H., third lieutenant of the “Chesapeake,” iv. 19;
commander in U. S. navy, vii. 303;
commands “Argus,” 304;
his action with the “Pelican,” 305;
killed, 306.
Alien and sedition laws, i. 140, 206, 259.
(See Acts of Congress.)
Allston, Joseph, Burr’s son-in-law, iii. 220, 240;
guarantees Blennerhassett from loss, 260;
with Burr in Kentucky, 260, 268;
to go with recruits from Charleston, 265, 266;
his part in Burr’s trial, 463 et seq.
Allston, Mrs. (Theodosia Burr), accompanies Burr on his expedition, iii. 255;
at Blennerhassett’s island, 257;
to be Queen of Mexico, 259;
infatuation of Luther Martin for, 444.
Allston, Washington, i. 149, 238; ix. 208;
his art, 213–217.
Alquier, French minister at Madrid, i. 363, 368.
Alsop, Richard, i. 102.
Alston, Willis, member of Congress from North Carolina, iii. 354;
on war with England, iv. 376.
Amelia Island, v. 165; vii. 206, 208, 210.
Amendment to the Constitution, the twelfth, ii. 132.
Amendments of the Constitution, proposed by the Hartford Convention, viii. 297, 298.
“American Citizen,” the, i. 331.
Ames, Fisher, i. 82, 83; iv. 348;
his opinion of democracy, i. 84;
in conversation, 86;
speech of, on the British treaty, 88, 93;
his language toward opponents, 119; ii. 164.
Amherst, town-meeting address voted, January, 1814, viii. 5.
Amherst, Jeffery, British major-general, his expedition against Montreal in 1760, vii. 178.
Amiens, peace of, i. 370; ii. 59, 290, 326, 347, 385.
(See Treaties.)
Amusements in 1800, in New England, i. 50;
in Virginia, 51.
“Anaconda,” privateer, captured, vii. 277, 329.
Anderson, Joseph, senator from Tennessee, ii. 157;
his remark on the two-million bill, iii. 139;
defeats mission to Russia, v. 12;
criticises Giles, vi. 150;
chairman of committee on declaration of war, 228;
chairman of committee on Gallatin’s mission, vii. 59, 60;
member of committee on Swedish mission, 62;
reports bill for seizing Florida, 208;
votes against Giles’s militia bill, viii. 273;
appointed first comptroller, ix. 107.
Anderson, Patton, iii. 287.
Andover, foundation of theological school at, ix. 176, 177.
“Annual Register,” on the battle of Plattsburg, viii. 112;
on privateers in 1814, 197.
“Anthology and Boston Review,” ix. 201–203, 207.
Arbuthnot, James, captain of British sloop-of-war “Avon,” viii. 188;
his report of action with the “Wasp,” 189, 190.
“Argus,” sloop-of-war, vi. 363, 364, 378, 381; vii. 303;
carries W. H. Crawford to France, 304;
captured by the “Pelican,” 305–308;
number of her prizes, 312, 333, 334.
“Aristides.” Pamphlet by W. P. Van Ness, ii. 73, 172; iii. 209.
Armistead, George, major of Artillery Corps, commands Fort McHenry at Baltimore, viii. 166.
Armistead, Walker Keith, captain of U. S. engineers, fortifies Norfolk, vii. 271; ix. 235.
Armistice, between Dearborn and Prevost, vi. 322, 323, 324, 404;
known to Brock, 330;
disavowed by Madison, 340, 404; ix. 33;
an advantage to Dearborn, vi. 343;
proposed by Monroe, 403;
proposed by Admiral Warren, 416.
Armstrong, John, senator from New York, i. 108, 113, 230, 234, 281; ii. 157;
succeeds Livingston as minister at Paris, 291, 308;
notifies Monroe of Napoleon’s decision on Spanish claims and boundaries, iii. 31, 32;
recommends a course toward Texas and Florida, 39;
to be employed in the Florida negotiation, 78;
receives Talleyrand’s conditions for an arrangement with Spain, 104;
attacked in the Senate, 153;
opposition to his appointment with Bowdoin to conduct the Florida negotiation, 153, 172;
watching Talleyrand in Paris, 370;
offers to execute Talleyrand’s plan, 376;
approaches Napoleon through Duroc, 386;
asks Decrès for an explanation of the Berlin Decree, 390;
refused passports for Napoleon’s headquarters, iv. 105;
protests against the “Horizon” judgment, 110;
reports Napoleon’s order relating to the Berlin Decree, 112;
well informed with regard to Napoleon’s projects, 113;
remonstrates against the Milan Decree, 292;
receives from Champagny an offer of the Floridas as the price of an alliance with France, 294;
replies to Champagny, 294;
refuses to present the case of the burned vessels to the French government, 313;
his discontent, v. 28;
his relations with Roumanzoff, 29;
his complaints in 1809, 39;
communicates Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, 135, 235;
his comments on the right of search, 145;
his interview with King Louis of Holland, 147, 148;
his despatch on Fouché and Montalivet, 224;
on Napoleon’s motives, 225;
his minute for a treaty, 228;
his recall asked by Napoleon, 228, 229, 252;
his remonstrance against the doctrine of retaliation, 233, 234;
his report of Jan. 10, 1810, 238;
inquires condition of revoking decrees, 251;
communicates Non-intercourse Act of May 1, 1810, 252;
his reception of Cadore’s letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 259, 260;
returns to America, 260, 261, 381;
declares Napoleon’s conditions to be not precedent, 261;
silent about indemnity, 260, 296;
Virginian jealousy of, 370;
on Napoleon’s designs on the Baltic, 417;
becomes brigadier-general, vi. 427;
his attitude toward Monroe and Madison, 426, 427;
nominated Secretary of War, 428;
his character, 428;
a source of discord, vii. 34;
Dallas’s opinion of, 35;
nominates Monroe as major-general, 36;
intends to command in chief, 37, 38;
alienates Gallatin, 39–41;
comments on military diplomacy, 100;
changes the plan of campaign in the northwest, 102, 103, 115;
comments on Harrison and Proctor, 114;
comments on strategy, 144;
his plan for attacking Kingston, in April, 1813, 148–150;
his plan changed by Dearborn and Chauncey, 153;
issues order dividing the Union into military districts, 156;
removes Dearborn from command, 171;
orders Wilkinson to Sackett’s Harbor, 172, 173, 215;
orders Hampton to Plattsburg, 174;
orders Wilkinson to attack Kingston, 175, 176;
goes to Sackett’s Harbor, 179;
his difficulties with Wilkinson, 180–182;
orders Hampton to prepare winter quarters, 183;
returns to Washington, 185, 186, 198;
his treatment of Hampton, 199, 200;
his orders for the defence of Fort George, 201, 202;
his responsibility for the loss of Fort Niagara, 203;
dismisses Andrew Jackson’s corps, 209, 210;
orders withdrawal from Amelia Island, 210;
orders Wilkinson to seize Mobile, 213, 214;
his instructions on capitulation of the Creeks, 259;
orders the confinement of hostages for naturalized soldiers, 361;
disliked by Virginians, 403, 404;
disliked by Madison, 405, 406;
feared, 406;
introduces new energy into the army, 407–409;
his irregular conduct in the appointment of Andrew Jackson, 410, 411;
his removal urged by Monroe, 411–414;
his share in the court-martial of William Hull, 414, 415;
his treatment of Hampton, 416;
Wilkinson’s remarks on, viii. 25;
orders Brown to attack Kingston, 27;
his letter to Brown on mistakes, 28;
his plan of a campaign at Niagara, 30–33;
orders Brown to cross the Niagara River, 33;
orders Izard to fortify Rouse’s Point, 97;
orders Izard to move his army to Sackett’s Harbor, 98–101;
his severity toward Izard, 114;
his neglect of the defences of Washington, 120;
his excuses, 121;
his attitude toward the defence of Washington, 122;
after August 20 alive to the situation, 132;
joins Winder on the morning of August 24, 137;
on Bladensburg battle-field, 149;
his conduct during the British advance, 155;
retires to Frederick, 156, 157;
militia refuse to serve under, 159;
returns to Washington, 160;
goes to Baltimore and resigns, 161;
cause of his retirement, 162;
his provision for the defence of New Orleans, 316, 317;
his criticism on Jackson’s Pensacola campaign, 330;
his criticism on Jackson’s first measures at New Orleans, 334;
his criticism on Jackson’s loss of Fort Bowyer, 384.
Army, Jefferson’s chaste reformation of, i. 238;
peace establishment in 1801 three thousand men, organized in one regiment of artillery and two of infantry, 242, 261, 272, 301;
Jefferson’s principle regarding the, iii. 14, 15;
its condition in 1806, 334;
popular antipathy to, 349, 350–354;
increase of, to ten thousand men, in 1808, iv. 195, 198;
debate on increase of, 212–218;
establishment of 1808, one regiment of artillery, one regiment of light artillery, one regiment of dragoons, one regiment of riflemen, and seven regiments of infantry, 222–224;
enlistments stopped in June, 1809, v. 85;
its condition in 1809, 164, 169–171, 289;
encampment of, at Terre aux Bœufs, 171–175;
debate on reduction of, in 1810, 199–207;
raised to thirty-five thousand men by Act of Jan. 11, 1812, vi. 147, 148, 151, 153;
useless, 165;
condition of, 289, 292;
recruiting for, in May, 1812, 294;
war establishment in 1812, corps of engineers, two regiments of light dragoons, one regiment of light artillery, three regiments of artillerists, one regiment of riflemen, and twenty-five regiments of infantry,—by law thirty-five thousand men, 295;
enlistments in, 337, 390, 391, 401;
difficulty of filling ranks of, 394;
acts of Congress for filling ranks of, 435, 436;
war establishment of 1813, corps of engineers, two regiments of light dragoons, one regiment of light artillery, three regiments of artillery, one regiment of riflemen, and forty-four regiments of infantry, rangers, and sea-fencibles,—by law fifty-eight thousand men, 449; vii. 148, 381;
Monroe’s estimate of number of troops required in 1813, vii. 148;
actual force, in February, 1813, nineteen thousand men, 148, 149, 380;
mode of stating force of, in rank-and-file, 150;
aggregate strength of, in February, June, and December, 1813, and January, 1814, 380, 381;
Troup’s bill for filling ranks of, 381, 382;
bounty and pay of, 382;
appropriations for, in 1814, 384;
organization of, in 1814, 384;
condition of, in 1814, viii. 17;
aggregate strength of, June and December, 1813, January, July, and September, 1814, 216;
weakness of, in the field, 217;
bounties for, paid in Massachusetts and Virginia, 235;
Monroe recommends raising to one hundred thousand men by draft, 264, 265;
failure in recruiting service for, 266;
Congress unwilling to adopt efficacious measures for, 266, 267;
Giles’s bill for filling, 268, 273, 280;
“a mere handful of men,” 279;
aggregate strength of, December, 1814, and Feb. 16, 1815, 281;
allotment of, to military districts, 316, 317;
peace establishment discussed, ix. 83–86;
peace establishment fixed at ten thousand men, 86;
reduction of, 87–88.
(See Artillery, Infantry, Engineers.)
Artillery, one regiment of, on the army establishment of 1801, i. 301;
one regiment of light, added in 1808, iv. 223;
two regiments of, added in 1812, vi. 295, 345, 347;
corps of, vii. 384;
Hindman’s battalion of, viii. 37;
Towson’s company at Chippawa, 43, 44;
Hindman’s battalion at Lundy’s Lane, 50–53, 56–59;
and at Fort Erie, 71, 72, 75, 76, 83;
in military district No. 7, viii. 316;
in the night battle at New Orleans, 344, 345, 348;
in Jackson’s lines, 355, 358, 359, 361;
in the battle of Jan. 1, 1815, 361–366;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 374, 375.
(See Gunnery.)
Ash Island in the Richelieu River, a fortified British post, viii. 97.
Ashe, an English traveller, i. 43, 52, 53, 54.
Ashmun, Eli Porter, senator from Massachusetts, votes against internal improvements, ix. 151.
“Asia,” American ship, burned by French squadron, vi. 193, 198.
Aspinwall, Thomas, lieutenant-colonel of the Ninth Infantry, viii. 35;
commands Scott’s brigade, 71;
wounded in the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.
Astor, John Jacob, i. 28; vi. 301;
shares loan of 1813, vii. 44, 45;
director of United States Bank, ix. 131.
“Atlas,” privateer, captured, vii. 277.
Attorney General. (See Levi Lincoln, Robert Smith, John Breckinridge, Cæsar A. Rodney, William Pinkney, Richard Rush.)
Auckland, Lord, iii. 407.
“Aurora” newspaper, i. 118, 121; iii. 119.
Austerlitz, battle of, iii. 163, 370.
Austria, v. 27, 134;
fights battles of Essling and Wagram, 106;
interferes in Russian war, vii. 340;
declares war on Napoleon, 350.
“Avon,” British 18-gun sloop-of-war, sunk by the “Wasp,” viii. 188–192.
“Avon,” privateer, viii. 194.

Bacon, Ezekiel, member of Congress from Massachusetts, determined to overthrow the embargo, iv. 432, 436, 441, 450, 455, 463;
chairman of ways and means committee, vi. 156;
votes against frigates, 164;
moves war taxes, 165, 166.
Baen, William C., captain of Fourth U. S. Infantry, killed at Tippecanoe, vi. 104.
Bailen, capitulation at, iv. 315, 341.
Bailey, Dixon, Creek half-breed, attacks Peter McQueen at Burnt Corn, vii. 228, 229;
surprised and killed at Fort Mims, 229–231.
Bailey, Theodorus, i. 231, 266, 296.
Bainbridge, William, captain in U. S. navy, ii. 137, 426; vi. 384;
takes command of the “Constitution,” 384;
captures “Java,” 385, 386;
blockades the “Bonne Citoyenne,” vii. 288.
Baldwin, Abraham, senator from Georgia, i. 305; iii. 126.
Ball, James V., lieutenant-colonel of Second U. S. Light Dragoons, vii. 128.
Ballou, Hosea, his Universalism, ix. 183, 184.
Ballston Spa, i. 92.
Baltimore in 1800, i. 29, 131;
population in 1810, v. 289;
threatened by Cockburn, vii. 269;
chief object of British attack, viii. 121, 127;
defences of, 166, 167;
British attack on, 168–172;
banks suspend payment, 213;
saved by engineers and sailors, 219;
inhabitants to feel Ross’s visit, 315;
effect of repulse at Ghent, 35, 36;
depreciation of currency, ix. 62;
shares loan of 1815, 102;
growth of, 156;
steamboat at, 172.
Baltimore riot, July 27, 1812, vi. 406–409.
Bancroft, George, ix. 206.
Bangor, in Maine, plundered by British expedition, viii. 96.
Bank of England, drain of specie from, 1817–1819, ix. 127.
Bank of the United States, Jefferson’s hostility to, ii. 130, 131;
Gallatin’s dependence on, v. 167;
bill introduced for rechartering, 207, 208;
hostile influence of State Banks, 327, 330, 332, 335, 336;
pretexts for opposition to charter of, 328, 329;
necessity for, 329;
Crawford’s bill for rechartering, 332;
debate on, 332–336;
defeat of, 337;
a fatal loss to the Treasury, vii. 386; viii. 214;
plan for, with fifty millions’ capital, recommended by Dallas in October, 1814, 249, 250;
Dallas’s plan of, approved by House, October 24, 250;
Calhoun’s plan of, approved by House, 251;
Senate bill, 257;
defeated in the House, 257–258;
Webster’s plan adopted by Congress, 259, 260;
vetoed, 260;
new bill introduced, passes the Senate Feb. 11, 1815, ix. 56, 57, 82;
postponed by the House, 82;
recommended by Dallas in his annual report of 1815, 106;
Dallas’s scheme of 1816, 111;
bill for incorporating, 116, 117;
bill passes and becomes law, 118;
capital subscribed, 131;
begins operations, January, 1817, 131.
Banks, State, in Boston in 1800, i. 22;
in New York, 25;
in the South, 31;
hostility to, in 1800, 65;
popularity of, in 1812, vi. 208, 209;
their capital in 1813, vii. 386;
their circulation, 386, 388;
of New England financial agents of the enemy, 387;
capital of New England, 387;
specie in New England, 388;
pressure of New England on other, 389;
suspend specie payments in September, 1814, except in New England, viii. 213, 214;
worthlessness of the suspended notes of, 215, 244–246;
suspended notes taken in payment of taxes, 256, 257;
of Massachusetts refuse loans to State government, 302, 303;
currency of, affected by the peace, ix. 61, 62, 98–103;
of Massachusetts drained of specie after the peace, 97;
discount on notes of, in the autumn of 1815, 98;
special treasury accounts in notes of, 98, 99;
resist return to specie payments, 128–130;
resume specie payments, Feb. 20, 1817, 131, 132;
increase of, in Massachusetts, 157, 158;
increase of, in Virginia, 162;
in New York and Pennsylvania, 166.
Bankhead, Dr., vi. 414.
Bankruptcy, of the national government, in 1814, viii. 213–215;
formally announced, Nov. 9, 1814, 244, 245, 252, 254, 260–262.
Baptists in New England, i. 89.
Baptists, ix. 133.
Barataria, smuggling station at, viii. 321;
“hellish banditti” of, 325;
work guns at New Orleans, 359.
Barbary Powers, war with the, i. 244 et seq.; ii. 425 et seq.
Barbour, James, senator from Virginia, ix. 107, 108.
Barbour, Philip P., member of the Fourteenth Congress, from Virginia, ix. 107;
on the effect of the Compensation Act, 137;
opposes internal improvements, 150.
Barclay, Captain Robert Heriot, of the Royal Navy, sent to command the British squadron on Lake Erie, vii. 119;
his fleet, 120;
his report of the battle, 124;
his losses, 127.
Barclay, John, iii. 231.
Baring, Alexander, ii. 358;
on neutral frauds, iii. 52; iv. 69;
his reply to “War in Disguise,” 317;
on British policy, vi. 276;
on impressment, vii. 24;
correspondence with Gallatin in July, 1813, 343, 349;
assists Gallatin to negotiate, 355.
Baring, Sir Francis, at the dinner to the Spanish patriots, iv. 331.
Barker, Jacob, takes five millions of the loan in 1814, viii. 17, 18;
fails to make his payments, 213, 241.
Barlow, Joel, i. 69, 99;
his “Columbiad,” 103 et seq., 106, 182;
on Robert Smith’s appointment, v. 10;
on Smith’s opposition to Macon’s bill, 187;
his defence of the President, 299, 301, 378;
appointed minister to France, 359;
his instructions on revocation of French Decrees, 427;
his departure delayed by Monroe, vi. 50;
ready to start, 55;
order for his departure countermanded, 56;
order finally given, 61;
his instructions, 66;
his want of success, 217;
arrives in Paris, Sept. 19, 1811, 245;
his negotiation with Bassano, 248–263;
his journey to Wilna, 263, 264;
his death, 265.
Barney, Joshua, commands privateer “Rossie,” vii. 316;
his cruise, 335;
commands gunboats in Chesapeake Bay, viii. 127;
burns his gunboats, 129, 130;
joins Winder’s army, 134;
ordered to defend the navy-yard bridge, 137;
remonstrates and marches to Bladensburg, 139;
his battle and capture, 142, 143.
Barron, Captain James, appointed Commodore of the Mediterranean squadron in 1807, iv. 5;
replies to Captain Humphrey’s note, 13;
orders his flag to be struck, 19;
blamed by his brother officers, 20;
trial of, 21;
result of the trial, 22.
Barron, Commodore Samuel, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
yields the command to Rodgers, 429.
“Barrosa,” 42-gun British frigate, vii. 270.
Bartram, William, i. 124.
Bassano, Duc de. (See Maret.)
Bassett, Burwell, member of Congress from Virginia, v. 206.
Bastrop grant, the, Burr’s proposal to Blennerhassett to buy, iii. 256;
bought by Burr, 260, 274.
Bath, town-meeting in December, 1808, iv. 409.
Bathurst, Lord, President of the Board of Trade, disapproves of Perceval’s general order, iv. 93 et seq., 100, 325;
on the Orders in Council, vi. 275;
on the right of impressment, vii. 17;
sends ten thousand men to Canada, viii. 31;
his instructions to Cochrane and Ross regarding an expedition to the Chesapeake, 124, 125;
his instructions to Ross regarding an expedition to the Gulf of Mexico, 311–314;
approves Ross’s Washington campaign, 314;
advises severity to Baltimore, 315;
sends Pakenham to succeed Ross, 315;
his under-secretary commissioner at Ghent, ix. 13;
keeps the Ghent negotiation alive, 23;
takes charge of the negotiation, 25;
his instructions of Sept. 1, 1814, 26, 27;
yields the Indian sine qua non, 31, 32;
claims the basis of uti possidetis, 34, 37;
hastens the peace, 44;
concedes the fisheries, 47, 52.
Baton Rouge, seizure of, v. 305–307;
Jackson orders troops to, viii. 332, 333, 336.
Bayard, James A., member of Congress from Delaware, i. 269, 271;
his reply to Giles, 291 et seq.;
beaten by Cæsar A. Rodney, retires to the Senate, ii. 76;
re-elected to the House, 201;
moves the form of question in the Chase impeachment, 237, 241;
senator from Delaware, iii. 339, 461; iv. 146; vi. 229;
appointed peace commissioner to Russia, vii. 42;
sails for St. Petersburg, 46;
nominated and confirmed, 59, 61;
arrives at St. Petersburg, 339, 340;
obliged to wait at St. Petersburg, 349;
goes to London with Gallatin, 355, 363; ix. 1;
nominated and confirmed as joint commissioner to Ghent, vii. 371;
at Ghent, ix. 14, 15;
his remarks to Goulburn, 22;
on the Florida policy, 29;
Adams’s opinion of, 51;
secures the success of the negotiation, 52;
appointed minister to Russia, 89;
his death, 89.
Bayonne Decree. (See Decrees.)
Baynes, Edward, colonel of Glengarry Light Infantry, British adjutant-general, negotiates armistice with Dearborn, vi. 323;
commands expedition against Sackett’s Harbor, vii. 164, 165;
his report, 167.
Bayou Bienvenu, selected as line of British advance to New Orleans, viii. 337–339.
Beall, William D., colonel of Maryland militia at Bladensburg, viii. 143, 153.
Beasley, Daniel, commands at Fort Mims, vii. 229;
surprised and killed, 230.
Beaujour, Felix de, quoted, i. 46, 165.
Beckwith, Sir Sydney, British major-general, repulsed at Craney Island, vii. 272, 274;
captures Hampton, 276.
Beecher, Lyman, ix. 206.
Belden, Lieutenant, iv. 32.
Belknap, Jeremy, i. 93.
Bellechasse, M., of New Orleans, iii. 300, 305 et seq.
“Belvidera,” British frigate, blockading New York, vi. 364, 365;
escapes from Rodgers’ squadron, 366;
chases “Constitution,” 368, 370.
Benedict on the Patuxent, Ross’s army lands at, viii. 123, 128;
Monroe scouts to, 131.
Bentham, George, commander of British sloop-of-war “Carnation,” his part in destroying the “General Armstrong,” viii. 202–207.
Benton, Thomas Hart, his opinion of the Louisiana legislation, ii. 119;
his brawl with Andrew Jackson, vii. 235.
Berkeley, Admiral George Cranfield, issues orders to search the “Chesapeake” for deserters, iv. 3;
approves the attack on the “Chesapeake,” 25;
recalled and his attack on the “Chesapeake” disavowed, 51.
Berlin Decree of Nov. 21, 1806, iii. 389, 412, 416, 427;
enforced in August, 1807, iv. 82, 109;
Napoleon’s defence of, 221, 295;
his persistence in, 295.
(See Decrees.)
Bermuda, governor of, licenses importation from eastern States, vii. 31.
Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste, appointed minister at Washington, ii. 10;
Talleyrand’s instructions to, 11.
(See Sweden.)
Berthier, Louis Alexandre, Napoleon’s agent for the retrocession of Louisiana, i. 366.
Beurnonville, Pierre de Ruel, French ambassador at Madrid, ii. 59, 277.
Beverly, town-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 413.
Bibb, William A., member of Congress from Georgia, on the annexation of West Florida to Louisiana, v. 324.
Biddle, James, commander in U. S. navy, commands the “Hornet,” vii. 293; ix. 63;
captures “Penguin,” 71, 72;
escapes “Cornwallis,” 72, 73.
Biddle, Thomas, captain of artillery in Hindman’s battalion, viii. 37;
at Lundy’s Lane, 53, 56;
at Fort Erie, 71.
Bidwell, Barnabas, member of Congress from Massachusetts, iii. 127;
supports Jefferson’s Spanish message in committee, 132, 137;
urged by Jefferson to take the leadership of the Democrats in Congress, 207;
in the slave-trade debate, iii. 360, 363;
a defaulter, v. 359.
Bigelow, Jacob, professor of medicine at Harvard College, ix. 206.
Bigelow, Timothy, speaker of Massachusetts legislature, iv. 456.
Bingham, A. B., captain of the British corvette “Little Belt,” his account of his action with the “President,” vi. 30, 31, 33–36.
Birmingham, remonstrates against Orders in Council, vi. 271;
treaty of Ghent received at, ix. 54, 55.
Bishop, Abraham, collector of New Haven, i. 226.
Bissell, Daniel, captain of the First Infantry, iii. 284, 290;
welcomes Burr at Fort Massac, 291;
receives a letter from Andrew Jackson warning him to stop expedition, 291;
colonel of Fifth U. S. Infantry, promoted to brigadier, vii. 409;
his skirmish with Drummond’s forces in October, 1814, viii. 116.
Bladensburg, designated as the point of concentration for the defence of Washington, viii. 123, 135, 139, 140;
citizens erect works at, 132;
the necessary point of British attack, 134, 136, 138;
battle-field of, 139, 140;
battle of, 141–144;
Ross retreats through, 148;
relative losses at, ix. 234.
Blakeley, Johnston, commander in U. S. navy, commands the “Wasp” in 1814, viii. 184, 237;
cruises in the British Channel, 185;
captures British sloop-of-war “Reindeer,” 186, 187, 196;
sinks the “Avon,” 188–192;
lost at sea, 193.
“Blakeley,” privateer, viii. 194.
Bleecker, Harmanus, member of Congress from New York, vi. 211.
Blennerhassett, Harman, iii. 220, 233;
duped by Burr, 247, 256 et seq.;
his indiscreet talk, 259, 275, 281;
returns to his home, 276;
driven from his island, 286;
rejoins Burr, 291;
indicted, 457;
keeps a record of Burr’s trial, 462 et seq.;
Allston tries to conciliate, 464;
Duane visits, 464.
Blennerhassett, Mrs., iii. 220;
sends a warning letter to Burr, 275.
Blockade, law of, ii. 382, 385;
preferred by Bathurst to municipal regulations, iv. 95;
Napoleon’s definition of, v. 149, 227, 250;
Pinkney’s definition of, 287; vi. 10;
Napoleon abandons for municipal regulations, v. 402;
alleged by Madison as the third casus belli, vi. 222;
offered by American Ghent commissioners for discussion, ix. 12, 18;
omitted from treaty, 33, 52.
Blockades, British, of Martinique and Guadeloupe, in 1803, ii. 381.
—— (Fox’s) of the French and German coasts, May 16, 1806, iii. 398;
Pinkney inquires whether still in force, v. 277–279;
Wellesley’s conduct regarding, 279;
express withdrawal of, required by Madison, 318, 383;
withdrawal of, demanded by Pinkney, vi. 4, 5, 17;
British reply to demand of withdrawal of, 6, 9, 15, 23;
becomes the only apparent casus belli, 221.
—— of Venice, July 27, 1806, v. 279.
—— of all ports and places under the government of France, April 26, 1809, v. 63, 64, 103, 277;
repeal of, demanded by Pinkney, vi. 3, 8;
offered by Wellesley on condition that the French decrees should be effectually withdrawn, 9;
repeal refused by Wellesley, 14;
repeal again asked by Pinkney and refused by Wellesley, 17, 18.
(See Order in Council of April 26, 1809.)
—— of the ports and harbors of Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River, Dec 26, 1812, vii. 30, 33; viii. 234;
raised, ix. 62.
—— of New York, Charleston, Port Royal, Savannah, and the River Mississippi, May 26, 1813, vii. 262;
effects of, 263–265, 334; viii. 214;
raised, ix. 62.
—— of New London and Long Island Sound, vii. 262, 278;
raised, ix. 62.
—— of the coast of New England, April 25, 1814, viii. 3; ix. 36;
raised, 62.
Blockades, French, of Great Britain, Nov. 21, 1806. (See Decree of Berlin.)
Blockades, quasi, of New York, in 1803–4, ii. 396;
in 1805, iii. 91–93;
in 1807, iv. 143, 144;
in 1811, vi. 25, 118, 222.
Blockades of Great Britain by American cruisers in 1813–1814, vii. 332, 333;
in 1814, viii. 195–201.
Bloomfield, Joseph, brigadier-general, vi. 291;
at Plattsburg, 359, 360.
Blount, Willie, governor of Tennessee, orders out two thousand militia for service in Florida, vii. 206;
advises Jackson to withdraw from the Creek country, 240;
orders out four thousand militia, 251;
required to provide for defence of New Orleans, viii. 320, 326, 327.
Blue, Uriah, major of Thirty-ninth U. S. Infantry, commands expedition to the Appalachicola, viii. 330, 333.
Blyth, Samuel, commander of British sloop-of-war “Boxer,” his death and burial, vii. 282, 283.
Boerstler, C. G., colonel of Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, vii. 162;
his surrender at Beaver Dam, 163.
Bollman, Eric, to be sent to London by Burr, iii. 248, 251;
starts for New Orleans, 255;
arrives, 296, 306;
reports to Burr, 309;
sees Wilkinson, 318;
arrested, 319, 338;
discharged from custody, 340.
Bonaparte, Jerome, his marriage to Miss Patterson and his reception by the President, ii. 377 et seq.
Bonaparte, Joseph, negotiates treaty of Morfontaine, i. 360, 362;
scene of, with Napoleon, ii. 35 et seq.;
crowned King of Spain, iv. 300;
driven from Madrid, 315;
deserted by Napoleon, v. 27, 28;
driven from Spain, vii. 356.
Bonaparte, Lucien, appointed ambassador at Madrid, i. 371, 373;
opposes the cession of Louisiana, ii. 34;
scene of, with Napoleon, 35 et seq.;
offered the crown of Spain, iv. 113;
his story of the offer, 124.
Bonaparte. (See Napoleon.)
Bonds, U. S., six per cent., their market value, Feb. 1, 1815, viii. 214, 261, 267;
on Feb. 13, 1815, ix. 62;
in March, 1815, 160;
in 1816, 127, 128.
“Bonne Citoyenne,” British sloop-of-war, vi. 384;
blockaded at San Salvador, vii. 288.
Bordeaux, Wellington advances on, vii. 373.
Boré, M., of New Orleans, iii. 300.
Borodino, battle of, vii. 27.
Boston, population and appearance of, in 1800, i. 20;
business, 21;
an intellectual centre in 1800, 75;
sentiment of, 87;
social customs of, in 1800, 91;
a summer watering-place, 92;
reception of F. J. Jackson in, v. 214, 216;
population in 1810, 289;
takes one million of loan of 1814, viii. 17, 18;
blockaded, ix. 36;
welcomes peace, 59;
harshly treated by Dallas, 98–100;
treasury payments resumed at, 128;
growth of, 156;
immigrants to, 161;
its society in 1817, 182;
takes the lead of American literature, 201, 205–207.
Boston town-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 411;
town-meeting on Baltimore riot, vi. 409.
Botts, Benjamin, Burr’s counsel, iii. 444.
Bowditch, Nathaniel, i. 93.
Bowdoin, James, appointed minister to Madrid, iii. 57;
Jefferson’s letter announcing appointment, 57;
suggestions of plans for his negotiations, 59–61, 71;
reveals Talleyrand’s plan for a settlement with Spain, 378;
letter to, 436.
Bowyer, Fort. (See Fort Bowyer.)
“Boxer,” British sloop-of-war, captured by “Enterprise,” vii. 281–283.
Boyd, Adam, member of Congress from New Jersey, v. 206.
Boyd, John Parke, colonel of Fourth U. S. Infantry, vi. 92, 93;
arrives at Vincennes, 94;
brigadier-general, vii. 156;
Morgan Lewis’s opinion of, 162;
ordered to cease offensive operations, 179;
commands brigade in Wilkinson’s expedition, 184;
favors moving on Montreal, 185;
covers the rear, 187;
Brown’s and Scott’s opinion of, 188;
his defeat at Chrysler’s Field, 190, 191.
Boyle, John, a manager of Chase’s impeachment, ii. 228.
Boyle, Thomas, commands Baltimore privateer “Comet,” vii. 316;
commands “Chasseur,” and notifies a blockade of the British coast, viii. 196, 197.
Brackenridge, H. H., author of “Modern Chivalry,” i. 124; ii. 195.
Bradley, Captain, of the “Cambrian,” ii. 393, 396;
recall and promotion, iii. 48.
Bradley, Stephen R., senator from Vermont, ii. 157, 158, 218, 235, 238, 259; iii. 126, 139;
offers a resolution opposing the appointment of a minister to Russia, iv. 466;
votes against occupying East Florida, vi. 243.
Brady, Hugh, colonel of Twenty-second Infantry, viii. 35;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50;
wounded, 52.
Brazil, glutted with British goods in 1808, v. 46.
Breckinridge, John, senator from Kentucky, i. 269;
moves the repeal of the Judiciary Act, 278, 280;
Jefferson’s letter to, on the Louisiana purchase, ii. 85;
on the admission of Louisiana to the Union, 94, 108;
his bill for the territorial government of Louisiana, 120;
appointed attorney general, iii. 11, 127;
his death, 444.
Brenton, E. B., staff officer of Sir George Prevost, his account of the attack on Sackett’s Harbor, vii. 167, 168.
Brisbane, major-general in British army, commanding a brigade at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
Bristol, memorial of merchants in September, 1814, viii. 198, 200.
Brock, Isaac, governor of Upper Canada, his career, vi. 316;
his military precautions, 317;
his military force, 317;
his civil difficulties, 318, 319;
orders expedition to Mackinaw, 320;
his proclamation, 320;
dismisses his legislature, 320;
passes Long Point, 321, 322;
arrives at Malden, 329;
decides to cross the Detroit River, 330;
his march on Detroit, 332;
returns to Niagara, 341;
his military wishes, 342;
distressed by loss of vessels, 347;
his force at Niagara, 348;
surprised on Queenston Heights, 349;
his death, 350; ix. 42.
Broke, P. B. V., captain of British frigate “Shannon,” commands squadron, vi. 368, 369;
chases “Constitution,” 370, 371;
invites battle with Rodgers, vii. 285;
challenges “Chesapeake,” 286;
his qualities, 292;
his battle with the “Chesapeake,” 293–302;
captures “Nautilus,” 313;
a lifelong invalid, ix. 42;
his gunnery, 230.
Brooke, Arthur, colonel of the British Forty-fourth Infantry, at the advance on Baltimore, viii. 169;
succeeds Ross in command, 170;
studies the lines of Baltimore, 171;
decides to retreat, 172.
Brooke, G. M., major in Twenty-third Infantry, viii. 37.
Brooks, John, elected governor of Massachusetts, in 1816, ix. 133.
Brookville, in Maryland, viii. 156, 157.
Brougham, Henry, his speculations on the cause of English prejudice against America, iv. 73;
his hostility to Perceval’s orders, 318;
at the bar of the House opposing the Orders in Council, 321;
organizes agitation against Orders in Council, vi. 271, 280, 283;
his speech of March 3, 1812, 276;
obliges ministers to grant a committee of inquiry, 283–285;
moves repeal, 285.
Brown, Charles Brockden, i. 123.
Brown, Jacob, brigadier-general of N. Y. militia, vii. 164, 408;
takes command at Sackett’s Harbor, 165;
his remarks on the battle at Sackett’s Harbor, 165, 166, 169;
appointed brigadier-general in the U. S. army, 170;
commands a brigade in Wilkinson’s expedition, 177, 184;
favors moving on Montreal, 185;
landed on north bank of the St. Lawrence, 187;
clears the bank, 188, 191;
his opinion of Boyd, 188;
appointed major-general, 408;
his fitness described by Wilkinson and Scott, 408, 409;
ordered to Sackett’s Harbor in February, 1814, viii. 24;
carries his army to Niagara, 27;
returns to Sackett’s Harbor, 28;
at Buffalo in June, ordered to capture Fort Erie, 33;
his forces, 34–38;
crosses the Niagara River, 39;
fights the battle of Chippawa, 40–42;
his letter to Commodore Chauncey, 45–46;
falls back from Queenston to Chippawa, 47, 48;
orders Scott to march toward Queenston, 50;
his order to Miller at Lundy’s Lane, 54;
his position at Lundy’s Lane, 57;
wounded, 58;
orders the array to retire, 59;
orders Ripley to return to Lundy’s Lane, 64;
taken to Buffalo, 66;
summons Gaines to Fort Erie, 67;
his quarrels with Chauncey and Ripley, 81;
his qualities, 82, 218;
resumes command, 82, 83;
his sortie from Fort Erie, 84–89;
asks Izard’s aid, 113;
meets Izard at Batavia, 114;
distrusts Izard, 115;
favors attack on Chippawa in October, 1814, 115;
sent to Sackett’s Harbor, 116;
Izard’s opinion of, 117;
his letter of August 19, 1814, complaining of being left to struggle alone, 218;
head of army board for reducing the army, ix. 88;
commands northern military district, 88.
Brown, James, secretary of the Louisiana Territory, ii. 220; iii. 219, 280.
Bruff, Major of Artillery, sounded by General Wilkinson, iii. 222, 241;
his charge against Wilkinson, 454.
Bruin, Judge, iii. 325.
Bryant, William Cullen, i. 110, 132;
his poem “The Embargo,” iv. 279;
his poem “Thanatopsis,” ix. 207, 208, 213, 216, 217, 238.
Buckminster, Joseph, i. 81;
remonstrates with Hosea Ballou, ix. 183, 184.
Buckminster, Joseph Stevens, i. 90, 162; ix. 177;
his Phi Beta Kappa oration, 199, 204;
one of the Anthology Club, 202, 203.
Budd, George, second lieutenant of the “Chesapeake,” vii. 293;
stationed below, 295;
leads boarders, 297.
Buffalo, burned by British, vii. 204.
Bullus, Dr., on the “Chesapeake,” iv. 11, 13, 21.
Bülow, Heinrich Wilhelm, i. 41, 48.
Bunker, Elias, captain of the Albany packet “Experiment,” i. 6.
Burling, Colonel, iii. 313.
Burnt Corn Creek, Indians attacked at, vii. 229, 232.
Burr, Aaron, Vice-President, i. 65, 93, 109, 112;
his character, 195;
centre of intrigue, 229 et seq.;
takes the chair of the Senate, 279;
votes to recommit the Judiciary Bill, 280;
his toast at the Federalist dinner, 282;
attacked by the “American Citizen” and “Aurora,” 283;
in the Pickering impeachment, ii. 154;
invoked by Pickering and Griswold, 171;
his defence by “Aristides,” 172;
his interview with Jefferson, 175;
nominated for governor of New York, 177;
confers with Griswold, 183;
defeated, 185;
his hostility to Hamilton, 185;
his duel with Hamilton, 187 et seq.;
presides at the Chase impeachment, 227, 238, 368;
communicates with Merry, 395;
his plan of creating a western confederacy, 402;
asks the aid of the British government, 403;
Turreau’s opinion of, 407;
his plan, 408;
gives the casting vote against Dr. Logan’s amendment to the St. Domingo bill, iii. 88;
jealous of Miranda, 189, 218;
his conspiracy and connections, 219;
on his way to New Orleans, in April, 1805, 220;
his plans notorious in New Orleans, 224 et seq.;
returns and visits Andrew Jackson and Wilkinson, 227;
his expectations of aid from England disappointed, 229;
his report to Merry, 231;
received at the White House, 233;
his advances to Yrujo and the Spanish government, 234;
his plot to seize the heads of government and the public money, 239;
his contempt for Jefferson, 244;
his communication with Yrujo, 247;
rebuffed by Fox, 250;
his imposture, 251;
his cipher despatch to Wilkinson, 253;
starts for New Orleans with Mrs. Allston and De Pestre, 255;
secures Blennerhassett’s fortune, 256;
arouses opposition in Kentucky, 268;
orders the purchase of supplies, 274;
denies intention to separate the Eastern from the Western States, 276;
attacked in court by District-Attorney Daveiss, 277;
a second time accused, 282;
acquitted, 282;
repeats his disavowal to Andrew Jackson, 287;
escapes from Nashville, 289;
received at Fort Massac, 291;
his relations in New Orleans, 296;
his visit to New Orleans in 1805, 302;
denounced by Wilkinson, surrenders to Governor Meade, 325 et seq.;
deserts his friends, 327;
arrested and sent to Richmond, Va., 327;
brought to trial before Chief-Justice Marshall, 441;
committed for misdemeanor only, 446;
indicted, 459;
his demeanor under trial, 464;
acquitted, 469;
his memoir to Napoleon, v. 239.
Burrows, William, lieutenant in U. S. Navy, captures the “Boxer,” vii. 281, 281, 282;
his death and burial, 282, 283.
Burwell, William A., member of Congress from Virginia, on reducing the army and navy in 1810, v. 202.

Cabinet. (See James Madison, Robert Smith, James Monroe, William Jones, Secretaries of State; Albert Gallatin, G. W. Campbell, A. J. Dallas, W. H. Crawford, Secretaries of the Treasury; Henry Dearborn, William Eustis, James Monroe, John Armstrong, A. J. Dallas, Secretaries of War; Robert Smith, Paul Hamilton, William Jones, B. W. Crowninshield, Secretaries of the Navy; Levi Lincoln, John Breckinridge, Cæsar A. Rodney, William Pinkney, Richard Rush, Attorneys General.)
Cabot, George, his opinion of democracy, i. 84, 86 et seq.;
letter of, opposing Pickering’s scheme, ii. 164;
inclines to Burr, 182;
opposed to neutral claims, iii. 95, 144; iv. 29;
letters from, given to Rose by Pickering, 235, 412;
at the head of the Massachusetts delegation to the Hartford Convention, viii. 225, 227, 288;
his conservative character, 291, 292;
chosen president of the Hartford Convention, 292, 293;
authorized to call another meeting, 295;
defence of, 305;
John Adams’s remark about, 308.
Cadore, Duc de (see Champagny).
“Caledonia,” 2-gun British brig, captured by Lieutenant Elliott, vi. 347;
in Perry’s squadron, vii. 116, 120, 122;
in Perry’s action, 124, 125.
Calhoun, John C., i. 154;
member of Congress from South Carolina, vi. 122;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his war-speech of Dec. 12, 1811, 143, 144;
votes for frigates, 164;
warns Quincy of the embargo, 201;
on the conquest of Canada, 212;
his war-report, 226;
his bill declaring war, 228;
his speech of June 24, 1812, against the restrictive system, 233;
favors war-taxation, 235;
opposes compromise of forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 442;
favors high import duties, 444;
his remark on inconsistency, vii. 374, 375;
his plan for a national bank, viii. 250–253;
votes against legal tender, 254;
accepts Giles’s militia bill, 274;
not a good judge of treason, 286;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
his view of extremes in government, 108, 109;
chairman of committee on currency, 111;
favors protection, 115;
reports bill for a national bank, 116, 117;
supports compensation bill, 121;
his remark that the House of Representatives was not a favorite with the American people, 134, 137;
his defence of the House, 145;
his bill for internal improvements, 148, 149, 152, 169.
Callender, James T., his libels on Jefferson, i. 322 et seq.
Calvinism, popular reaction against, in New England, i. 82;
rupture of church in 1815, ix. 175–187.
“Cambrian,” British frigate, iii. 48.
Campbell, George W., member of Congress from Tennessee, ii. 123;
a manager in impeachment of Judge Chase, 224, 228, 230;
chairman of Ways and Means Committee, iv. 153;
challenged by Gardenier, 203, 217;
his argument for the embargo, 267;
his report to Congress on measures of force, 370;
defends his report, 380;
his Resolution adopted, 383;
opposes fitting out the navy, 426, 441;
speech of, on the Non-intercourse Act, 448;
his report reaches Canning, v. 49;
not a member of the Eleventh Congress, 76;
senator from Tennessee, his criticism of Giles, vi. 150, 151;
appointed Secretary of the Treasury, vii. 371, 397;
negotiates loan in May, 1814, viii. 17, 18;
accedes to abandoning impressment as a sine qua non, 122;
at Winder’s headquarters, August 24, 137;
goes to Frederick, 152;
fails to negotiate loan of six millions in July, 1814, 213;
his annual report of Sept. 23, 1814, 240;
announces the impracticability of raising loans, 241, 242;
makes no suggestion for supplying deficit, 242;
resigns, 240;
returns to the Senate, ix. 108.
Campbell, John, member of Congress from Maryland, iii. 356.
Campbell, John A., Justice of the Supreme Court, on the Louisiana precedent, ii. 127.
Campbell, Thomas, borrows from Freneau, i. 126;
his Declaration of Sept. 9, 1809, ix. 184, 185, 239.
Canada, intended conquest of, vi. 136, 141, 142, 145, 146, 150, 212;
invasion planned at Washington, 297;
ordered by Eustis, 302;
conquest attempted by Hull, 296;
invaded by Hull, 302;
evacuated, 315;
difficulties of defending, 316–319;
extent of Upper, 316;
military force in 1812, 317, 338;
Jefferson and Madison on campaign in, 337;
invasion of, at Niagara, 344, 345;
Van Rensselaer’s attack on, 346–353;
Smyth’s attempts against, 354–358;
Dearborn’s march to, 360;
British garrisons in, vii. 151, 194–196;
reinforcements for, in 1814, viii. 91, 99–102;
proper method of attacking, vii. 144–147;
difficulties of defence, 145; viii. 91, 93;
frontier to be rectified, 94–97;
regular troops in, December, 1814, 118;
demands of, at Ghent, ix. 7, 8;
cession of, asked by Monroe, 11, 12;
British reproach about, 29, 30.
Canals in 1800, i. 8–10, 26, 29, 38, 94;
proposed by Gallatin in 1808, iv. 364.
(See Erie Canal.)
Canning, George, rise of, ii. 417;
becomes Foreign Secretary, iv. 56;
his character, 57, 73; v. 56;
his opinion of democrats, iv. 59;
his wit, 60;
his eloquence, 61;
his negotiation with Monroe respecting the “Chesapeake” affair, 40 et seq.;
his reasons for disavowing Berkeley’s act, 76 et seq.;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed Order in Council, 92, 97;
instructs Erskine with regard to the Orders in Council, 99;
instructions to Rose, 178 et seq.;
opposes interference with the effect of the embargo, 326;
his confidence in Napoleon’s overthrow in 1808, 331;
on the causes of the embargo, 332;
replies to Pinkney’s conditional proposition to withdraw the embargo, 334 et seq.;
letter of, to Pinkney published in the “New England Palladium,” 419;
his reply to Napoleon and Alexander, v. 23;
his notice to Pinkney of possible change in the Orders, 42;
his note of Dec. 24, 1808, announcing a change, 43;
his anger at Pinkney’s reply, 44, 45;
his willingness for further relaxations, 45;
his discontent with Castlereagh and Perceval, 48, 106;
his reception of Erskine’s despatches and Campbell’s Report, 49, 50, 51;
his assertion as to the cause of the embargo, 51;
his instructions to Erskine of Jan. 23, 1809, 52–57, 66, 70–73, 90;
his influence declining, 57, 58;
his speech of March 6, 1809, on the Orders, 61;
his remark to Pinkney on the Order of April 26, 64;
his disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 87–95;
his statement to the House of Commons, 97, 98;
his instructions to F. J. Jackson, July 1, 1809, 98–105;
his charge of duplicity against Madison, 99, 100, 114, 125;
his resignation, 107;
his duel with Castlereagh, 107;
his relations with Wellesley, 266, 267;
his speech on the renewal of intercourse between the United States and Great Britain, 276;
his speech of March 3, 1812, on the Orders in Council and licenses, vi. 277, 278;
on the loss of the “Guerriere” and “Macedonian,” vii. 6;
on the conduct of the war, 10, 11, 23;
his failure as a minister, 20, 21;
his view of British naturalization acts, 21–23.
“Canons of Etiquette,” the, ii. 365.
Cantrelle, M., iii. 300.
Capitol at Washington in 1800, i. 30, 198;
designed by Dr. Thornton, 111;
the south wing completed, iv. 152, 209;
burned, viii. 145;
rebuilt, ix. 142.
Caramelli, Hamet, ii. 430, 436.
Carden, J. S., captain of the British frigate “Macedonian,” vi. 382, 383.
“Carnation,” British sloop-of-war, attacks and destroys the “General Armstrong,” viii. 202–207.
“Carolina,” American 14-gun sloop-of-war, at New Orleans, viii. 344;
her share in the night battle, 346, 347, 349, 350;
her fire imprisons the British troops, 352, 355;
destroyed, Dec. 27, 1814, 356, 359.
Carroll, William, major-general of Tennessee militia, arrives at New Orleans, viii. 336, 337;
his brigade, 344;
posted on the Gentilly road, 345.
“Carron,” 20-gun British sloop-of-war, sent to Pensacola, viii. 319, 322;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 323, 324.
Carronades, their range, viii. 109.
Casa Calvo, Marquis of, iii. 71, 73, 74, 79.
Cass, Lewis, colonel of Ohio militia, vi. 298;
refuses to abandon Detroit, 315;
his discontent with Hull, 326;
detached to open an interior road to the river Raisin, 328;
ordered to return, 329;
included in Hull’s capitulation, 334;
brigadier-general U. S. army, vii. 128;
treats with Indians, 261.
Cassin, John, captain in U. S. navy, vii. 270, 271.
“Castilian,” British sloop-of-war, cruises in company with the “Avon,” viii. 189;
her commander’s report on the loss of the “Avon,” 190–192.
Castine, occupied by British expedition, viii. 95, 96;
offered to be restored at Ghent, ix. 34.
Castlereagh, Lord, on Howick’s Order in Council, iv. 80, 81;
becomes War Secretary, 81;
urges retaliation on France, 83, 90, 325, 421;
his supposed failures as Secretary of War, v. 47, 48, 106, 107;
his quarrel with Canning, 56, 57;
his duel with Canning, 107;
retires from the cabinet, 107;
becomes Foreign Secretary, vi. 216;
his instructions to Foster of April 10, 1812, 216, 220;
announces suspension of Orders in Council, 286;
his statement of number of American seamen in British service, 456;
his remarks to Russell, Aug. 24, 1812, vi. 416; vii. 2, 3;
defends course of ministry, 11;
his remarks on impressment, 19, 20;
his remarks on the Czar’s offer of mediation, 29;
declines Russian mediation in May, 1813, 340, 345, 346;
his letter of July 5, declining mediation, 341, 342;
his letter to Cathcart, July 13, offering direct negotiation with United States, 342, 343, 349, 350, 355;
lukewarm about the American war, 356, 358, 360;
his letter to Monroe, November 4, offering to negotiate directly, 360, 370;
his offer accepted by Madison, 363, 371;
his irresistible influence, 394;
his disposition toward America, ix. 2, 7, 9;
his instructions of July 28, 9, 10, 24;
his choice of negotiators, 14;
delays negotiation until August, 17;
his instructions of August 14, 19;
keeps the negotiation alive until October, 23;
at Ghent, August 19, 24;
his letter to Bathurst suggesting immediate peace, 25;
at Vienna, embarrassed by the American war, 36;
negotiates commercial convention with the United States, 104.
Cathcart, Lord, iv. 64;
British ambassador at St. Petersburg, vii. 28;
his instructions of July 5, 1813, 341, 342;
his comments on the Czar’s conduct, 350–354.
Caulaincourt, Duc de Vicence, French ambassador in Russia, v. 412;
recalled, 418;
congratulates Adams, 419.
Cazeneau, Mr., iii. 379.
Census, of 1800, i. 1, 2;
of 1810, Act for, v. 209.
“Centinel,” Boston newspaper, of Sept. 10, 1814, quoted, viii. 223, 288, 289, 291, 299, 300;
publishes peace, ix. 59, 60.
Cevallos, Don Pedro de, Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs, i. 371; ii. 23;
remonstrates against the sale of Louisiana, 58;
refuses to pay for French spoliations, 276, 279;
his conditions on ratification of Spanish claims convention, 280;
his comments on the Americans, 282, 283;
alarmed by Pinckney, 284;
complains of Pinckney’s conduct, 294;
his negotiation with Monroe, iii. 24–36;
refuses to countenance Burr’s designs, 249.
Chamier, Frederick, lieutenant on the British frigate “Menelaus,” his account of house-burning on the Potomac, viii. 164.
Champagny, Jean Baptiste de, succeeds Talleyrand as Minister of Foreign Affairs, iv. 107;
his letter of Jan. 15, 1808, declaring war to exist between England and the United States, 221;
his instructions to Turreau in defence of the Decrees, Dec. 10, 1808, v. 31;
in defence of the Spanish colonies, 33;
his remonstrances to Napoleon against severity to the United States, 138, 139;
complains of the Non-intercourse Act, 140;
his instructions to Hauterive, June 13, 1809, on concessions to the United States, 140;
his note on the right of search and blockade, 149, 150, 250;
his efforts on behalf of neutral commerce, 222;
his interview with Armstrong, Jan. 25, 1810, 229, 230;
his note of Feb. 14, 1810, announcing reprisals for the Non-intercourse Act, 232;
his letter of August 5, 1810, announcing that the decrees are revoked, 253–256, 286, 296–302, 383, 414, 415; vi. 7;
creates a contract by letter of August 5, v. 342;
his report on the decrees, 348, 349, 382, 388; vi. 8;
his phrase bien entendu, v. 387, 388;
declares the decrees revoked on Feb. 2, 1811, 386, 389, 390;
removed from office, 401.
Champlain, Lake. (See Plattsburg.)
Champlin, Guy R., captain of the privateer “General Armstrong,” vii. 316;
his escapes, 325–327.
Chandler, John, brigadier-general in U. S. army, vii. 156;
engaged in capturing Fort George, 157;
advances to Stony Creek, 159;
captured, 160.
Channing, William Ellery, i. 90;
his impressions of Virginia manners, 132, 171;
takes charge of church at Boston, ix. 178;
his letter to Thacher, 178;
his Unitarianism, 179–182;
his Fast-Day Sermon in 1810, 203–205.
Charles IV. of Spain, his character, i. 341;
refuses papal territory, 354;
his delight at the offer of Tuscany, 369;
refuses to sell Florida, 401;
delivers Louisiana to Napoleon, 401;
distressed by Napoleon, ii. 56;
his demands on Napoleon, 59;
withdraws protest against the sale of Louisiana, 277;
declares war on England, 309;
abdication of, iv. 117, 298.
Charleston, in Maryland, vii. 268.
Charleston, S. C., in 1800, i. 37 et seq., 92, 149;
in 1816, ix. 156.
Chase, Samuel, Justice of the Supreme Court, his charge to the Baltimore grand jury, ii. 147;
his impeachment, 149 et seq., 158;
scene of impeachment, 227;
his counsel, 229;
the managers of his impeachment, 229;
articles of impeachment, 229;
the trial, 230 et seq.;
the votes on the articles, 238;
his acquittal, 239.
“Chasseur,” privateer, her blockade, viii. 196, 197.
Chateaugay, Hampton’s campaign at, vii. 192–197.
Chatillon, Congress of, vii. 394.
Chauncey, Isaac, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
captain in U. S. navy, takes command on Lake Ontario, vi. 344;
arranges plan of campaign with Dearborn, vii. 152, 153, 154;
controls the lake, 153;
crosses to Niagara, 155;
aids capture of Fort George, 157;
returns to Sackett’s Harbor, 159;
loses control of the lake, 171;
recovers control of the lake, 179;
dissuades Brown from attacking Kingston, viii. 27, 28;
shut up in Sackett’s Harbor in the spring of 1814, 28–30, 33;
Brown’s irritating letters to, 34, 45, 46;
sails from Sackett’s Harbor, 80;
his reply to Brown’s letters, 81;
carries Izard’s army to the Genesee River, 114;
loses control of the lake in October, 1814, 115.
Cheetham, James, editor of the “American Citizen and Watchtower,” i. 121;
attacks Burr, 331; iii. 272, 273.
Cherokee Indians, i. 4; iii. 16;
with Jackson in the Creek war, vii. 246.
“Cherub,” British 18-gun sloop-of-war, viii. 178;
assists the “Phoebe” to blockade and capture the “Essex,” 179, 180.
“Chesapeake,” 38-gun frigate, the desertion of British seamen to, iv. 2;
delay in getting her ready for sea, 5;
starts for sea, 9;
fired on by the “Leopard,” 16;
strikes her flag, 19;
returns to Norfolk, 20; vi. 29, 36; vii. 54, 311;
arrives at Boston, April 9, 1813, 285, 287;
her force, 292;
her action with the “Shannon,” 293–303;
effect of capture, 303, 309;
cause of capture, 337.
“Chesapeake Affair,” measures taken by the Cabinet after the, iv. 31, 163;
Madison’s instructions on, 39, 45;
its effect on English society, 44;
attack disavowed by the British Ministry, 51, 149;
Canning’s instructions on, 178–182;
Rose’s negotiation on, ii. 187–197;
laid aside, 199;
Gallatin’s plan for settling, 388;
Canning’s instructions of Jan. 23, 1809, for settling, v. 52, 53;
Erskine’s settlement of the, 67, 68;
settlement disavowed, 88–90;
Canning’s instructions of July 1, 1809, for settling, 101;
Jackson’s offer to settle, 126, 130;
untouched by Wellesley, 285;
Foster’s instructions to settle, vi. 23;
American indifference to settlement, 37;
its effect on the Indians, 79;
settled by Foster, 121, 122, 270;
remembered too well, ix. 73.
Chesapeake Bay, British naval force in, vii. 14, 24;
blockade of, announced Dec. 26, 1812, vii. 30, 33;
severity of blockade in, 264, 265;
Admiral Cockburn’s operations in, 266–269;
Admiral Warren’s operations in, 277;
Cochrane’s marauding in, viii. 164;
in October, 1814, left to repose, 173;
steamboat on, ix. 172.
Cheves, Langdon, member of Congress from South Carolina, asserts contract with Napoleon, v. 342, 343;
in the Twelfth Congress, vi. 122;
chairman of naval committee, 124;
on Committee on Ways and Means, 124;
his opinion on the war-power, 160;
his motion to build a navy, 162;
his argument in favor of seventy-fours, 163;
his hostility to non-importation, 205, 230, 232, 446, 447, 448;
favors war-taxation, 235;
opposes forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 441;
on war-taxes, 444;
elected speaker, Jan. 19, 1814, vii. 396;
defeats Dallas’s scheme for a national bank, viii. 259.
Chew, Captain Samuel, deposition of, vi. 193, 196.
Chicago. (See Fort Dearborn.)
Chickasaw Bluff, iii. 284, 290, 325.
Chickasaw Indians, iii. 16; vii. 216.
“Childers,” 18-gun British sloop-of-war sent to Pensacola, viii. 322;
in the attack on Fort Bowyer, 323, 324.
Chillicothe in 1800, i. 2.
Chippawa, British force at, viii. 38;
Riall takes position at, 39;
battle at, 40–45;
Brown withdraws to, 47–50;
Ripley retreats from, 66, 67;
Drummond’s delay at, 68;
Drummond retires to, 90;
Izard’s failure at, 116.
“Chippeway,” 1-gun British schooner on Lake Erie, vii. 120.
Chittenden, Martin, governor of Vermont, his proclamation recalling the State militia, Nov. 10, 1813, vii. 366;
refuses to call out the State militia to defend Plattsburg, viii. 222.
Choctaw Indians, vii. 216;
with Jackson at Mobile, viii. 328;
at New Orleans, 346.
Christie, John, lieutenant-colonel of Thirteenth Infantry, vi. 349, 350, 351.
Christophe, i. 394, 395, 416.
Chrystler’s Farm, battle at, vii. 188–191.
Cincinnati in 1800, i. 2.
Cintra, convention of, v. 48.
Claiborne, Ferdinand Leigh, brigadier-general of Mississippi militia, vii. 243;
penetrates Creek country, 244.
Claiborne, William Charles Cole, appointed governor of Mississippi Territory, i. 295, 403;
receives possession of Louisiana, ii. 256;
governor of Orleans Territory, 400;
character of, iii. 297 et seq.;
his anxieties, 304;
his ignorance of Burr’s conspiracy, 308;
warned by Wilkinson and Andrew Jackson, 316 et seq.;
takes possession of West Florida, v. 310–314;
left by Jackson in charge of military defence of New Orleans, viii. 325;
his want of authority, 341;
commands on the Chef Menteur Road, 369.
Claims, American, on France (see French spoliations).
Claims, American, on Spain (see Pinckney), iii. 23–26, 28–30, 32, 35, 107.
Clark, Christopher, a manager of Chase’s impeachment, ii. 228.
Clark, Daniel, of New Orleans, iii. 222;
in sympathy with Burr and the Mexican Association, 223, 236;
his letter to Wilkinson complaining of Burr’s indiscretion, 224;
Burr’s drafts to be drawn in his favor, 231;
a correspondent of Burr in New Orleans, 296, 322;
his hatred for Claiborne, 300;
delegate to Congress, 302, 303;
secures affidavits in evidence of his innocence, 306 et seq.;
in Washington, 307;
preserves silence respecting the conspiracy, 308;
Wilkinson’s letters to, 321, 322;
turns against Wilkinson, 454.
Clark, William, explores Louisiana Territory with Captain Lewis, iii. 12, 215.
Clay, Green, brigadier-general of Kentucky militia, surprises Proctor, vii. 105, 107;
commands Fort Meigs, 109, 114.
Clay, Henry, i. 133;
Burr’s counsel, iii. 278, 282;
senator from Kentucky, his war-speech of Feb. 22, 1810, v. 189;
his speech on the occupation of West Florida, 320, 321;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 333, 334;
elected speaker, vi. 122, 124;
favors army of thirty-five thousand men, 151;
favors war-power, 161;
favors navy, 164;
supposed to have coerced Madison to war, 196;
urges embargo, 201;
suppresses discussion in the House, 227;
his vote defeats repeal of non-importation, 234;
his account of the military efforts of Kentucky, 390–393;
his comments on Hull’s surrender, 392, 393;
opposes compromise of forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 442;
elected speaker of Thirteenth Congress, vii. 53;
assists Harrison, 73, 74;
nominated and confirmed as joint envoy to negotiate peace at Ghent, 371, 393;
resigns speakership and sails for Europe, 396; ix. 10;
at Ghent, ix. 14, 16;
insists that the British will recede, 20;
combative, 29;
his speeches, 31;
drafts Indian article, 32;
opposed to recognizing the British right of navigating the Mississippi, 46–48;
his opinion of the treaty, 50, 58;
his character, 51, 52;
Speaker in the Fourteenth Congress, 107, 108;
favors strong foreign policy, 109;
favors protection, 113–115;
recants his errors in regard to the national bank, 117;
attacked on account of the Compensation Act, 136;
offered the War Department, 142;
supports internal improvements, 149, 150.
Clergy, of New England, their authority, i. 79–82;
Jefferson’s quarrel with, 313–318;
their opinion of Jefferson, 321;
their attitude toward the war, viii. 20–23;
their division into Orthodox, Unitarian, and Universalist, ix, 175–187.
“Clermont,” Fulton’s steamboat, makes her first voyage August 17, 1807, iv. 135.
Cleveland in 1800, i. 3.
Clifton, William, i. 98.
Clinton, De Witt, i. 112, 228, 233;
resigns his senatorship to become mayor of New York, 266, 281;
attacks Burr through Cheetham, 331;
his duel with Swartwout, 332; ii. 206;
presides over a “Chesapeake” meeting in New York, iv. 28;
his attitude toward the embargo, 283;
takes electoral votes from Madison, 287;
nominated for the Presidency by New York, vi. 215;
his canvass, 409, 410;
his electoral vote, 413; vii. 48;
favors Erie Canal, ix. 168.
Clinton, George, i. 114;
governor of New York, 228; ii. 173;
nominated for Vice-President, 180;
Vice-President, iii. 126;
his casting vote confirms Armstrong, 153, 172;
renominated for Vice-President in 1808, iv. 226, 287;
his hostility to Madison, 227;
supported by Cheetham for the Presidency, 227, 284;
his opinions reported by Erskine, 385;
his opposition to Madison, 428, 430;
presides in the Senate, v. 76, 190;
his vote against the Bank Charter, 337;
his political capacity, 363, 364;
his death, vi. 214.
Clopton, John, member of Congress from Virginia, on the army bill, iv. 212.
Coast survey, appropriation for, by Congress, iii. 355.
Coasting trade under the embargo, iv. 251 et seq.;
tonnage employed in 1807–1810, v. 15.
Cobbett, William, i. 46;
in Philadelphia, 118;
on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 44, 73, 329;
his “Weekly Register” on the American war, vii. 356.
Cochrane, Sir Alexander, British vice-admiral succeeding Sir John Borlase Warren, communicates with refugee Creeks, vii. 258;
joint commander with Ross of expedition in the Chesapeake, viii. 124;
his instructions, 124, 125;
his orders for general retaliation, 125–127;
his letter to Monroe, 128;
fails to capture Fort McHenry, 171, 172;
sails for Halifax, 173;
recommends expedition to Mobile, 311;
at New Orleans, 365;
suggests canal, 367.
Cockburn, Sir George, British rear-admiral, his operations in Chesapeake Bay, vii. 265–269, 274, 276;
at Ocracoke, 277, 329;
at Cumberland Island, 277, 278;
lands with Ross, and urges attack on Washington, viii. 127;
pursues and destroys Barney’s flotilla, 129, 130;
enters Washington and burns the White House, 145, 146;
destroys the type of the “National Intelligencer,” 147;
an incendiary, 164;
at the attack on Baltimore, 170.
Cocke, John, major-general of Tennessee militia, vii. 240;
surprises Hillabee village, 241;
put under arrest, 252.
Cocke, William, senator from Tennessee, ii. 113;
censures Randolph, 240.
Codrington, Sir Edward, British admiral, his account of the artillery battle at New Orleans, viii. 364.
Coffee, John, colonel of Tennessee militia, commands mounted force in Jackson’s Creek campaign, vii. 236;
destroys Talishatchee, 237;
at Talladega, 238;
abandoned by his men, 246;
wounded at Emuckfaw, 246, 247;
engaged at the Horse-shoe, 255;
his account of the slaughter, 256;
marches with Tennessee militia to Mobile, viii. 326, 328;
ordered to Baton Rouge, 332, 333;
hurries to New Orleans, 336, 337;
his brigade, 344;
his share in the night battle, 345, 346, 349–351;
stationed on the left of Jackson’s line, 373.
Coggeshall, George, author of “History of American Privateers,” vii. 325;
his escape in privateer “David Porter,” 325.
Coleman, William, editor of the New York “Evening Post,” i. 119.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, ix. 215.
“Comet,” Baltimore privateer, vii. 316.
Colonial system of the European Powers, ii. 323.
Colonial trade, ii. 319, 322, 327–329;
direct and indirect, 324, 325;
West Indian, value of, 331, 332;
rule of, established by case of “Essex,” iii. 45;
distress of, 49;
arrangement of, in Monroe’s treaty, 409, 412;
parliamentary report on, iv. 67;
the only object of Perceval’s Orders in Council, 95.
Columbia College, i. 101.
“Columbiad,” the, of Joel Barlow, i. 103 et seq.
Commerce, foreign and domestic, in 1800, i. 5, 14;
nature and value of American, v. 290, 291.
Commercial Intercourse, Act of May 1, 1810, regarding (see Non-intercourse).
Commercial restrictions, list of measures of, v. 152, 194;
Madison’s devotion to, 293, 295;
Madison’s return to, 304.
Compensation Act, ix. 119–122;
popular protest against, 134–138;
repeal of, 144–146.
“Confiance,” British 36-gun ship, on Lake Champlain, viii. 103;
her armament and crew, 104, 105, 106;
fights the battle of Plattsburg, 108–110; ix. 234.
Congress, the Seventh, first session of, i. 264–307;
second session, 427–433; ii. 74–77;
the Eighth, first session of, 92, 96–159;
second session, 206–242, 396;
session of 1804–1805, iii. 9;
problems before, December, 1805, 91;
meeting of the Ninth, Dec. 2, 1805, 126;
close of first session, 196;
opening of second session, Dec. 1, 1806, 328;
close of, 369;
Tenth, character of, iv. 146;
meeting of, Oct. 26, 1807, 152;
close of the first session, 223;
meeting of second session, Nov. 7, 1808, 354, 361;
close of, 453, 454;
first session of Eleventh, meets, May 22, 1809, v. 76;
proceedings of, 77–86;
adjourns June 28, 86;
second session meets, Nov. 27, 1809, 176;
proceedings of, 178–209;
adjourns, May 2, 1810, 209;
character of, 316;
election of Twelfth, 316;
third session of Eleventh, 319–358;
close of Eleventh, 358;
first session of Twelfth, meets Nov. 4, 1811, vi. 118;
its composition, 122;
chooses Henry Clay speaker, 124;
war-debate in, 133–153;
proceedings of, 133–175, 201, 202, 204;
declares war against England, 228, 229;
adjourns, July 6, 1812, 235;
decline of influence, 437;
second session of Twelfth, 435–458;
meeting of Thirteenth, May 24, 1813, vii. 53;
proceedings of first session, 54–64, 67, 70, 71;
meeting of second session, Dec. 6, 1813, 364;
proceedings of, 369, 372–379, 381–390;
Federalist strength in, viii. 228;
meeting of third session, Sept. 19, 1814, 239;
proceedings of, 247–262, 266–280;
peace legislation of, ix. 82–87;
close of, 87;
meeting of Fourteenth, 106, 107;
superiority of Fourteenth, 108–111, 138;
proceedings of first session of, 112–122;
close of first session, 125;
popular rebuke of, 138;
second session of, 143;
proceedings of second session, 144–153.
(See Acts of.)
“Congress,” 38-gun frigate, vi. 363;
at Boston, 378;
her cruise in 1812, 381;
returns to Boston, Dec. 31, 1812, vii. 285;
goes to sea, April 30, 1813, 285;
unseaworthy, 287;
returns to Boston, Dec. 14, 1813, 310, 311.
Connecticut, i. 105;
legislature, action of, in February, 1809, iv. 418, 455;
disaffection of, vii. 33, 34; viii. 13;
prosperity of, during the war, 15;
withdraws militia, Aug. 24, 1814, from national service, 221;
appoints delegates to the Hartford Convention, 227;
resolutions of legislature against the militia bill, in October, 1814, 278;
approves report of the Hartford Convention, 304;
regular troops stationed in, 317;
elections of 1816, ix. 133, 139;
growth of population, 154, 155;
increase of wealth in, 157.
“Constellation,” 38-gun frigate, at Washington, vi. 364, 372, 378;
at Norfolk, vii. 269, 270, 274, 287.
“Constitution,” 44-gun frigate, at Tripoli, ii. 426; iv. 5;
chased by British squadron, vi. 364, 369, 372;
captures “Guerriere,” 373–375;
captures “Java,” 385, 386;
arrives at Boston, Feb. 27, 1813, vii. 285;
replaces her masts, 287;
goes to sea, Jan. 1, 1814, 311;
imperilled by privateering, 337;
sails from Boston in December, 1814, ix. 74;
her action with the “Cyane” and “Levant,” 75–78;
escapes British squadron, 78.
Constitution, the (see Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, Treaty-making Power, War Power, Militia, Internal Improvement, Amendment, Bank of the United States, Impeachment, Embargo, New England Convention, Marshall, and Story).
Cook, Orchard, member of Congress from Massachusetts, his letter describing Gallatin’s plan, iv. 369.
Cooper, Dr. Charles D., his letter on Hamilton and Burr, ii. 178, 186.
Cooper, James Fenimore, i. 110;
quotation from “Chainbearer,” 43.
Coosa River, home of the Upper Creeks, vii. 217, 224, 234;
Jackson’s march to the, 237, 238;
Cocke’s march to the, 240.
Coosadas (see Alabamas).
Copenhagen, the British expedition against, iv. 63;
bombardment of, 65.
Copley, John Singleton, ix. 213.
“Cornwallis,” British seventy-four, chases “Hornet,” ix. 72, 73.
Cordero, Governor, iii. 311.
Cotton, export to France prohibited by England, iv. 101, 219, 322, 323;
manufacturers of, v. 16;
American, prohibited in France, 151;
price of, affected by blockade, vii. 263;
value of export in 1815, ix. 94;
manufactures depressed by the peace, 96;
fabrics, in the tariff of 1816, 111, 114, 116;
export in 1816, 126.
“Courier,” the, London newspaper, on the American war, vii. 358;
on the Americans, 359;
on Perry’s victory, 359;
on Proctor’s defeat, 360;
on the necessity of retaliation, 362;
on privateers, viii. 197;
on Madison, ix. 5;
on terms of peace, 6, 7, 31, 35;
on the news of peace, 54.
Covington, Leonard, brigadier-general in the U. S. army, commands brigade in Wilkinson’s expedition, vii. 184;
his opinion in council of war, 185;
killed at Chrystler’s Farm, 189.
Coxe, William S., third lieutenant on the “Chesapeake,” vii. 295;
fires the last guns, 298.
Craig, Sir James, governor-general of Canada, calls on the Indians for assistance in case of war with the United States, iv. 137;
governor of Lower Canada, 243;
warned by Erskine to be on his guard against attacks from the United States, 395;
his instructions to John Henry, 460;
recalls John Henry, v. 86.
Craney Island, fortified, vii. 271;
attacked, 272–275.
Crawford, William H., senator from Georgia, opposes mission to Russia, v. 12;
on the message of Jan. 3, 1810, 179;
represents the Treasury, 181;
votes with Samuel Smith, 191;
his character, 331;
introduces Bank Charter, 332;
his speech on Bank Charter, 332, 333;
reports bill for fifty thousand volunteers, 358;
party to revolutionizing East Florida, vi. 239;
his comments on the conduct of the war, 395;
sent as minister to Paris, vii. 49;
sails in the “Argus,” 304;
reason of not being a peace commissioner, 393;
appointed Secretary of War, ix. 89;
candidate for the Presidency in 1816, 122–124;
appointed Secretary of the Treasury, 142.
Creek Indians, Tecumthe visits, vi. 92, 108;
their confederacy and grievances, vii. 217–220;
Tecumthe’s visit to, 220–222;
secret excitement among, 222, 223;
murders on the Ohio by warriors of, 224;
execution of murderers, 225, 226;
outbreak of fanaticism among, 227;
attacked at Burnt Corn, 228, 229;
capture Fort Mims, 229–231;
number of hostile warriors among, 233, 244, 245, 249;
Andrew Jackson’s campaign of 1813 among, 235–240;
Cocke’s campaign against, 240, 241;
Floyd’s campaign against, 241–243;
Claiborne’s campaign against, 243, 244;
Jackson’s second campaign against, 245–248;
Floyd’s second campaign against, 249, 250;
Jackson’s last campaign against, 254–257;
number of Red Stick refugees among, 258, 259;
Andrew Jackson’s capitulation with, 259–261; viii. 317, 318;
effect of their war on the Florida difficulties, 318.
Creoles in Louisiana, Claiborne’s treatment of, iii. 298;
their attitudes toward Burr’s conspiracy, 300–309.
Crillon, Count Edward de, his family, vi. 176;
acts as John Henry’s agent, 177–179;
his social success, 178, 180;
his evidence, 183;
sails for France, 184;
an impostor, 185;
an agent of French police, 186.
Croghan, George, major of the Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, his defence of Fort Stephenson, vii. 110–114;
his expedition against Mackinaw, viii. 32.
Croker, John Wilson, Secretary to the Admiralty, v. 58;
on British naturalization laws, vii. 21, 23;
on the “Chesapeake” and “Shannon,” 302;
on the captures in British waters, viii. 200, 201.
Crowninshield, Benjamin Williams, appointed Secretary of the Navy, ix. 63.
Crowninshield, Jacob, member of Congress from Massachusetts, declines Navy Department, appointed Secretary, refuses office, remains on records as Secretary of Navy, iii. 10, 11;
speech of, in favor of non-importation, 157;
Jefferson’s letter to, on the Pierce affair, 200; iv. 109;
his death, 209;
succeeded by Joseph Story, 463.
Cuba, Jefferson’s policy toward, iv. 340, 341; v. 37, 38.
Cumberland Island in Georgia, occupied by Admiral Cockburn, vii. 277;
again occupied in 1815, ix. 62.
Cumberland Road, iii. 181, 355; v. 209;
in 1816, ix. 169.
Currency (see Banks, national and State).
Cushing, Caleb, ix. 206.
Cushing, T. H., Lieutenant-Colonel of Second Infantry, iii. 246, 311;
Wilkinson communicates Burr’s designs to, 313;
orders to, 315;
brigadier-general, viii. 221.
Cutts, Charles, senator from New Hampshire, vii. 48.
“Cyane,” British corvette, captured by “Constitution,” ix. 74–78.

Dacres, J. R., captain of the “Guerriere,” vi. 27, 37, 373;
his action with the “Constitution,” 373–375;
censured by the “Times,” vii. 5, 14;
on the cause of his defeat, 7, 13.
Daggett, David, senator from Connecticut, his speech against Giles’s bill for drafting militia, viii. 270, 271.
Dalberg, Duc, negotiates with Joel Barlow, vi. 259;
his remonstrances to Bassano against Napoleon’s treatment of the United States, 262.
Dallas, Alexander James, i. 127, 281; ii. 195–199;
letter of, to Gallatin, 198;
acts with federalists, iii. 9;
his opinion of Jefferson’s second administration, iv. 455;
his opinion of Armstrong, vii. 35;
Madison’s favorite candidate for the treasury, 396;
defeated by senators, 397;
author of specifications against William Hull, 415;
appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Oct. 5, 1814, viii. 243;
his character and temper, 243, 244;
his account of the condition of the Treasury in October, 1814, 244;
opposes treasury-note issues and recommends a bank, 249, 250–260; ix. 57;
describes the condition of the Treasury in November, 1814, viii. 252;
describes the condition of the Treasury in December, 1814, 254;
describes the condition of the Treasury in January, 1815, 261, 262;
sketches financial scheme for first year of peace, ix. 83, 84;
acts as Secretary of War to reduce the army, 88;
his severity to New England, 98, 99;
fails to fund treasury-notes, 100–103;
his report of 1815, 105, 106;
recommends a national bank and a protective tariff, 111, 112, 114;
announces his retirement from the Treasury, 124, 125;
restores specie payments, 128–132;
his success as Secretary of the Treasury, 140, 141;
his death, 141.
Dallas, Alexander James, third lieutenant of the frigate “President,” vi. 28, 32.
Dana, Samuel Whittlesey, member of Congress from Connecticut, i. 269;
his remark on the dumb legislature, 271;
in the Ninth Congress, iii. 143, 242;
on repeal of the embargo, iv. 436;
senator from Connecticut, vii. 63.
Dane, Nathan, delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292.
Daquin, ——, major commanding battalion of men of color at New Orleans, viii. 345.
Daschkoff, André, Russian chargé at Washington, vii. 41, 211.
Dautremont, M., iii. 379.
Daveiss, Joseph H., United States District Attorney, iii. 268;
writes to Jefferson denouncing the Spanish plot, 270;
accuses Burr in court of setting on foot a military expedition, 277;
renews his motion, 282;
removed from office by Jefferson, 294, 309;
and censured, 337;
offers to serve as a volunteer in Harrison’s campaign, vi. 94;
urges an attack on Tippecanoe, 99, 101;
his death, 103, 104, 107.
“David Porter,” privateer schooner, escape of, vii. 325.
Davis, Daniel, viii. 87, 88.
Davis, John, an English traveller, i. 122;
his account of Jefferson’s inauguration, 197.
Davis, Judge John, his opinion on the constitutionality of the embargo, iv. 268 et seq.
Davis, Matthew L., i. 231 et seq., 296.
Davout, Marshal, v. 409, 425; vi. 251, 252.
Davy. William R., appointed Major-General, vii. 37.
Dayton, Jonathan, senator from New Jersey, i. 280; ii. 105;
in Miranda’s confidence, iii. 189;
informs Yrujo of Miranda’s expedition, 192;
his connection with Burr, 219;
attempts to obtain funds from Yrujo, 234 et seq.;
funds received by him from the Spanish treasury, 245;
his letter to Wilkinson, 252;
at Burr’s trial, 463.
Dearborn, Henry, appointed Secretary of War, i. 219;
his opinion in the cabinet on Spanish policy, ii. 2;
quoted by Eaton, 431;
remains in Jefferson’s second administration, iii. 10;
his remark on Wilkinson, 454;
ignorant of Jefferson’s instructions to Monroe, iv. 163;
appointed collector at Boston, v. 9;
his orders, as Secretary of War, to Wilkinson, Dec. 2, 1808, 169;
appointed senior major-general, vi. 289;
his plan of campaign, 297, 306, 340, 341;
reaches Albany, 304;
goes to Boston, 305;
his difficulties at Boston, 306, 307, 309;
returns to Albany, 310;
ignorant that he commands operations at Niagara, 310, 322, 339;
sends militia to Niagara, 321;
negotiates armistice, 322, 323, 340;
effect of armistice, 324, 343;
armistice rejected by the President, 340;
his opinion of Van Rensselaer, 353;
his campaign against Montreal, 360;
his reflections on the campaign of 1812, 360, 361;
Monroe’s criticisms of, 396, 397;
George Hay’s remark on, 421;
continued in command, vii. 37, 38, 39;
releases Perry’s vessels, 117, 159;
ordered to attack Kingston, 149;
his estimate of British force at Kingston, 151;
decides not to attack Kingston, 152, 153, 171;
captures York, 154;
arrives at Niagara, 155;
captures Fort George, 157, 158;
devolves command on Morgan Lewis, 161;
reports Boerstler’s disaster, 163;
removed from command, 171, 416;
put in command of New York, 407, 416;
president of court-martial on William Hull, 417;
nominated Secretary of War in 1815, ix. 89.
Dearborn, Fort, at Chicago, murders at, vi. 110;
garrison at, 294;
evacuated, 334.
Debt, Public (see Finances).
Decatur, James, killed at Tripoli, ii. 427.
Decatur, Stephen, burns the “Philadelphia,” ii. 139;
at Tripoli, 427;
captain in U. S. navy, on Barron’s court-martial, iv. 21, 24;
commands squadron, vi. 363;
his orders, 363, 364, 368;
his advice, 364;
his first cruise in 1812, 366, 368, 375;
his second cruise, 381;
captures the “Macedonian,” 382, 383;
returns to port with prize, 383;
takes refuge with squadron in New London, vii. 278, 279;
reports on blue lights, 279, 280;
commands “President,” ix. 63;
runs blockade, 64;
his battle with the “Endymion,” 65, 69;
his surrender, 70.
Decrees, French, of 1798, vi. 139.
Decree of Berlin, Nov. 21, 1806, declaring Great Britain in a state of blockade, and excluding from French ports all vessels coming from British ports, iii. 389–391;
its effect on Monroe and Pinckney’s negotiation, 412;
its effect in the United States, 427;
not enforced until August, 1807, iv. 82;
its enforcement notified to Armstrong, Sept. 18, 1807, 109;
Napoleon’s defence of, 110, 111, 221, 95;
his varying objects in using, v. 24.
—— of Milan, Dec. 17, 1807, declaring good prize every neutral vessel that should have been searched by an English ship, or paid any duty to the British government, or should come from or go to a British port, iv. 126;
its effect in the United States, 195.
—— of Bayonne, April 17, 1808, directing the seizure of all American vessels entering the ports of France, Italy, and the Hanse Towns, iv. 303, 304;
rigorously enforced, 312.
Decrees of Berlin, Milan, and Bayonne, v. 24, 152, 297;
their rigid enforcement, 30;
Champagny’s argument in defence of, 31, 32;
their effect on England, 46;
their effect on France, 138;
Napoleon drafts, June 10, 1809, decree repealing that of Milan, 139–141;
lays aside draft of repealing decree, 141;
drafts Vienna decree of August, 1809, retaliating the Non-intercourse Act, 143, 144, 150, 230;
Louis’s resistance to, 148, 240, 241;
Napoleon’s condition of repeal, 229, 245, 250, 251;
null and void for licensed vessels, 248;
declared by Champagny revoked on Nov. 1, 1810, 255;
declared revoked by Madison, 304, 317, 347, 348;
Russell’s reports on the revocation, 381–396;
declared revoked by Champagny for Feb. 2, 1811, 386, 389, 390;
not revoked, 394, 395;
declared fundamental laws by Napoleon, 397, 407;
declared successful by Napoleon, 398;
considered suspended by Madison, 400, 401;
recognized by United States, 402, 403;
their revocation doubted by Russell, 395, 400, 406;
their revocation affirmed by Russell, 405;
enforced on the Baltic, 426, 427;
Barlow instructed that they are considered revoked, 427;
revocation asserted by Pinkney, vi. 3, 5, 6, 11;
evidence of revocation asked by Wellesley, 4;
argued by Pinkney, 7, 8;
revocation denied by Wellesley, 23;
affirmed to be still in force by Foster, 41;
affirmed by Monroe to be revoked as far as America has a right to expect, 42;
their international and municipal characters, 43;
argued by Monroe, 44, 45;
their revocation unknown to the President, 56;
argued by Serurier, 60;
disputed by Madison, 64;
their revocation a personal affair with Madison, 65;
their effect on the northwestern Indians, 83;
declared not repealed by British courts, 118;
their repeal doubted by Madison and Monroe, 120, 187–189;
repeal asserted in annual message, 125;
repeal assumed by House committee, 133, 134;
repeal denied by Monroe, 194, 195, 201;
repeal assumed by Monroe, 198;
Bassano’s report on validity of, 216, 253;
repeal assumed by Madison, 218, 224;
repeal maintained by Monroe till June, 1812, 232;
Bassano’s instructions on repeal of, 248–249;
repeal asserted by Barlow, 252;
evidence of repeal required by Barlow, 254;
repealing decree produced by Bassano, 255–257;
still enforced, 260, 261;
revocation unknown to the French authorities, 262, 263;
Webster’s resolutions on repeal of, vii. 55, 58.
Decree of Rambouillet, March 23, 1810, sequestering American property in retaliation for the Non-importation Act, v. 236, 242, 274.
—— of July 25, 1810, regarding licenses, v. 247;
of July 22, 1810, confiscating American property in Dutch and Spanish ports, 258;
of Aug. 5, 1810, confiscating American property in France, 258.
—— of St. Cloud, dated April 28, 1811, repealing the Decrees of Berlin and Milan from Nov. 1, 1810, vi. 255–257, 259.
Decrès, Denis, Duc, Napoleon’s Minister of Marine, instructions of, to Richepanse and Leclerc, re-establishing slavery, i. 397;
defining the boundaries of Louisiana and its administration, ii. 5;
his letter to Armstrong respecting the Berlin Decree, iii. 391;
asks instructions in the case of American schooner at San Sebastian, v. 142, 143;
Marmont’s story of, 222.
Defiance, old Fort, vii. 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 84, 86.
Delaware, growth of population of, ix. 155, 156.
Delaware Indians, murders of, v. 73.
Democrats, denounced by New England clergy, i. 79 et seq.;
social inferiority, 92;
the Northern, 264.
Denmark, Napoleon’s demands upon, iv. 63 (see Copenhagen);
spoliations of American commerce in, v. 409, 411.
Dennie, Joseph, on democracy, i. 85;
editor of the “Portfolio,” 119, 121;
character and influence of his “Portfolio,” ix. 198–201.
De Pestre, or Dupiester, one of Burr’s officers, iii. 252;
starts with Burr as his chief of staff, 255;
sent by Burr to report to Yrujo, 261;
his message, 264.
Deposit at New Orleans, the right of, granted by treaty, i. 349;
taken away, 418;
restored, ii. 3;
discussed by Cevallos, iii. 26, 27.
Derbigny, Pierre, creole delegate to Washington, ii. 400, 401; iii. 301;
Turreau’s opinion of, ii. 406;
affidavit of, 408; iii. 219, 305.
De Rottenburg, Baron, forces under his command in Montreal district, viii. 25;
one of Brock’s successors, 48.
De Salaberry, A., lieutenant-colonel of Canadian voltigeurs, defeats Hampton, vii. 196, 197.
Desertion of British Seamen, ii. 333–335, 345, 346, 392.
Desha, Joseph, member of Congress from Kentucky, insists on reducing the army in 1815, ix. 84–86;
on expenses of western members, 120.
Dessalines, i. 416.
Destréhan, Jean Noel, creole delegate to Washington, ii. 400, 401; iii. 301;
Turreau’s opinion of, ii. 406.
Detroit, isolation of, i. 14, 35;
military situation of, vi. 293, 295, 301;
measures for protection of, 296;
Hull’s difficulties in defending, 315, 322, 324;
Hull besieged in, 325–331;
Brock’s attack on, 332–334;
Hull’s surrender of, 334, 393;
reinforcements for, 391;
expedition to recover, to be commanded by Harrison, 392, 393;
Harrison receives carte blanche to recover, vii. 74, 75;
Harrison’s views on military value of, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83;
failure of Harrison’s campaign against, 100, 101;
evacuated by Proctor, 131;
occupied by Harrison, 132.
“Detroit,” 19-gun British ship on Lake Erie, vii. 120;
her armament, 121;
captured, 127.
De Watteville, major-general in British army, viii. 102.
(See Infantry, British regiments of.)
Dexter, Samuel, i. 93;
Secretary of the Treasury, 192, 219;
his argument against the constitutionality of the embargo, iv. 268, 270;
takes the lead in Boston town-meeting, 411, 412;
defeats project of State convention in Massachusetts, vi. 402;
republican candidate for governor of Massachusetts in April, 1814, viii. 9–11;
again in 1815, ix. 92;
again in 1816, 133.
Dickens, Charles, i. 56.
Dickinson, James, captain of the British sloop-of-war “Penguin,” ix. 71;
killed in action with “Hornet,” 72.
“Diomed,” stallion, i. 51.
“Dolphin,” Baltimore privateer, captured, vii. 329.
Dos de Maio, the, iv. 300 et seq.;
its effect in America, 339 et seq.
Douglas, Sir Howard, on American gunnery, ix. 229, 230, 233, 234.
Douglas, Captain John Erskine, of the “Bellona,” iv. 4;
reports the affair of the “Chesapeake” to Admiral Berkeley, 25;
his letter to the Mayor of Norfolk, 28.
Douglass, David B., lieutenant of engineers, at Fort Erie, viii. 71, 76.
Douglass, George, captain of British sloop-of-war “Levant,” his action with the “Constitution,” ix. 75–78.
Downie, George, captain in the British navy, commanding flotilla on Lake Champlain, viii. 103;
his confidence in the superiority of his fleet, 104, 106;
brings his fleet into action, 108;
killed, 109.
Drayton, John, of South Carolina, i. 151.
Dresden, battle of, vii. 350.
Dreyer, M., Danish minister at Paris, iv. 106, 107.
Drummond, Gordon, lieutenant-general in British army, and governor of Upper Canada, vii. 202;
burns Black Rock and Buffalo, 204;
his military career, viii. 48, 49;
arrives at Fort George, July 25, 1814, 48, 49;
reaches Lundy’s Lane, 51;
his battle at Lundy’s Lane, 51–60;
his losses, 62;
his delays after Lundy’s Lane, 67, 68;
moves on Fort Erie, 68, 69;
censures his troops at Black Rock, 70;
assaults Fort Erie, 71–78;
censures De Watteville’s regiment, 79;
his agony of mind, 80;
expects a sortie, 84–86;
claims victory, 89;
retires to Chippawa, 90;
his force, 115, 116;
returns to Kingston, 118;
compared with Pakenham, 381.
Drummond, ———, lieutenant-colonel of the Hundred-and-Fourth British Infantry, leads assault on Fort Erie, viii. 72, 75;
killed in the bastion, 78.
Dry-dock, Jefferson’s plan of, i. 428; ii. 77.
Duane, William, editor of the “Aurora,” i. 118;
his influence in Pennsylvania, ii. 194, 219;
opposes Governor McKean, iii. 9;
hostile to Gallatin, 210;
visits Blennerhassett in prison, iv. 464;
his attacks on Gallatin, v. 361, 364;
appointed adjutant-general, vii. 41.
Dudley, William, colonel of Kentucky militia, killed at the Maumee Rapids, vii. 105, 106.
Dunbaugh, ———, sergeant permitted to join Burr, iii. 291.
Dundas (see Melville).
Dupiester (see De Pestre).
Duponceau, Peter S., i. 127; ii. 259.
Dupont, de l’Étang, Pierre, French general, ordered to enter Spain, iv. 121, 122;
capitulates, 315.
Dupont de Nemours, commissioned by Jefferson to treat unofficially with Bonaparte, i. 411;
letter to, ii. 254.
Duroc, Marshal, iii. 386; iv. 123.
Duval, Gabriel, appointed Justice of the Supreme Court, vi. 429.
Duvall, William P., member of Congress from Kentucky, viii. 276.
Dwight, Theodore, i. 101;
his attack on democracy, 225;
secretary of the Hartford Convention, viii. 293.
Dwight, President Timothy, quoted, i. 21, 23;
his travels, 41;
describes popular amusements, 49, 56;
on the lack of roads in Rhode Island, 64;
his poem, “The Conquest of Canaan” cited, 96 et seq.;
his “Greenfield Hill,” 98;
value of his Travels, 100, 310.

“Eagle,” 20-gun brig, in Macdonough’s squadron on Lake Champlain, viii. 105;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 110.
Early, Peter, member of Congress from Georgia, a manager of Chase’s impeachment, ii. 228, 230;
chairman of the committee on the slave trade, iii. 356;
his bill for the sale of slaves captured on a slave-ship, 357, 362.
Eastern Branch of the Potomac, navy yard in, i. 223, 243, 428;
“Chesapeake” lies in, iv. 4;
navy-yard bridge over, viii. 131;
Winder’s position beyond, 132, 134;
Winder retreats across, 135;
protects Washington on the eastern side, 138;
extends to Bladensburg, 139;
ships burned in, 145.
Easton, Judge, writes concerning Wilkinson’s connection with Miranda, iii. 241.
Eastport in Maine, claimed and occupied by Great Britain, viii. 94, 95.
Eaton, William, his character and career, ii. 429;
consul at Tunis, 430;
his interviews with Jefferson and the Cabinet, 431;
attacks Derne, 433;
Burr reveals his plot to, iii. 239;
attempts to put Jefferson on his guard, 242, 244, 279, 462.
Eckford, Henry, naval contractor at Sackett’s Harbor, viii. 28, 29.
Education in New England, i. 76, 77;
in New York, 110;
in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 129;
in Virginia, 136;
public, favored by Jefferson, iii. 346.
Eel River Miami Indians, vi. 71, 75.
Effectives, rank-and-file present for duty, vii. 151.
Eldon, Lord, his anecdote of King George’s reception of Jackson, envoy to Denmark, iv. 65, 96;
defends the Orders in Council, 320;
on the differences with America, vii. 18.
Election, presidential, of 1800, i. 152, 163;
of 1801, 294; ii. 202;
in New England, of 1802, i. 308, 329, 330;
State, of 1803, ii. 76;
in Massachusetts, May, 1804, 163;
in New York, April, 1804, 176, 185;
in Pennsylvania, in 1804, 196–200;
presidential, of 1804, 201, 202, 204; iii. 8;
of April, 1805, in Massachusetts, 9;
autumn of 1805, in Pennsylvania, 9;
of April, 1806, in Massachusetts, 207;
of April, 1807, in Massachusetts, iv. 146;
of April, 1808, in Massachusetts, 237–242;
of May, 1808, in New York, 283;
presidential, of 1808, 285–287;
of October, 1808, in Pennsylvania, 286;
congressional, of 1808, 287;
State, in 1809, v. 12, 13, 158;
in 1810, 215, 316;
in Massachusetts in April, 1811, vi. 115;
in April, 1812, 204;
in May, 1812, 209;
in New York, May, 1812, 209;
presidential, of 1812, 409, 410, 412–414;
in the spring of 1813, vii. 49, 51;
in the autumn of 1813, 366;
in the spring of 1814, viii. 9–13;
congressional in November, 1814, 228, 238, 288, 289;
of April, 1815, ix. 92, 93;
of April, 1816, 132, 133;
presidential of 1816, 139.
Electoral College in 1808 and 1812, vi. 413.
Elk River, Cockburn’s operations in, vii. 266.
Elliott, Jesse D., lieutenant U. S. navy, vi. 344;
cuts out British vessels at Fort Erie, 347;
commander in U. S. Navy, commands “Niagara,” in Perry’s squadron, vii. 120;
fails to close with the enemy, 122;
Perry’s, Barclay’s, and Yarnall’s remarks on, 123–126;
dispute about, 126.
Ellsworth, Oliver, chief-justice, sent to France as envoy extraordinary, vii. 43.
Embargo of March 26, 1794, ii. 323.
Embargo, suggested by Armstrong, in 1805, against Spain, iii. 40;
approved by Madison, 75;
favored by Senator Jackson in 1805, 149;
by John Randolph, 149.
Embargo of Dec. 22, 1807, Jefferson’s first draft of message, iv. 168;
Madison’s draft, 169, 170;
bill reported and passed in Senate, 172, 173;
moved by Randolph in House, 173;
becomes law, Dec. 22, 1807, 175, 176;
object of, 175, 176, 186, 332;
Senator Adams’s resolution on, 187;
Jefferson’s determination to enforce, 249–271, 273;
difficulties of Governor Sullivan regarding, 253–256;
difficulties of Governor Tompkins in New York, 259;
dissatisfaction of Robert Smith with, 261;
demand of “powers equally dangerous and odious” by Gallatin, 262;
interference of Justice Johnson in South Carolina, 263, 264;
arguments on constitutionality of, 266, 267;
decision of Judge John Davis, 268–270;
opinion of Joseph Story on, 270;
its economical cost, 274, 275;
its moral cost, 276;
its political cost, 277–284, 288;
its failure to coerce, 288, 344;
Jefferson’s opinion of its relative prejudice to England and France, 309;
Jefferson’s opinion of its cost, 309, 462;
approved by Napoleon, 313;
Armstrong’s opinion of, 314;
its pressure on England, 324, 327–329;
Canning’s note on, 334–336;
W. C. Nicholas’s letter on, 345;
the alternative to war, 354, 355;
repeal of, 438; v. 33;
Turreau’s complaints of repeal, 34, 35, 37;
Canning’s note on, 42;
revocation of orders attributed to, 75, 77;
John Taylor’s explanation of repeal, 195, 196;
approved by Napoleon, 254;
causes France to lose her colonies, 254;
its effect on the northwestern Indians, vi. 83.
Embargo for sixty days, recommended by the President, March 31, 1812, vi. 193, 194, 195, 197, 198;
Foster’s report on, 199;
act passed by Congress, April 4, 1812, 201, 202.
Embargo, of Dec. 17, 1813, rejected by the Senate, vii. 70, 71;
recommended by the President, December 9, 367, 368;
adopted by Congress, 369;
repeal recommended by Madison, March 31, 1814, 373;
debate on, 374–377;
repealed, 378, 379; viii. 11;
effect of, on the currency, vii. 387, 388;
effect of, on the elections, viii. 10, 11;
on Massachusetts, 14.
“Embargo, The,” a satire, by William Cullen Bryant, iv. 279.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, i. 171; ix. 202, 206.
Emerson, Rev. William, ix. 202.
“Emmanuel,” case of, ii. 327.
Emuckfaw, Andrew Jackson’s campaign against, vii. 246, 248.
“Endymion,” 50-gun British frigate, boats beaten off by the “Prince of Neufchatel,” viii. 207–210;
her action with the “President,” ix. 64–70.
Enforcement Act (see Embargo and Acts of Congress).
Engineers, Corps of, established at West Point, i. 301;
services of, in the war, ix. 235, 236.
(See Walker Keith Armistead, David Bates Douglass, William McRee, Joseph Gilbert Totten, Eleazer Derby Wood.)
England, colonial policy of, ii. 317–332;
difficulty with, arising from desertion of seamen, 332–335;
her practice of impressment, 335–339;
friendly attitude of, in 1801, 339–341;
Jefferson’s professions of liberality toward, 342–344;
outstanding discussions with, 345, 346;
cordiality with, 347, 358;
change of tone toward, 356, 380, 382, 387;
cordial friendship with, iii. 8;
change of policy by Pitt in 1804–1805, 43–53 (see Pitt, Perceval, Canning);
alliance with, urged by Jefferson, 62–65, 70;
Pitt’s policy reversed by Fox, 393, 397;
unfriendly policy carried to an extreme by Perceval and Canning, iv. 55 et seq.;
unfriendly feeling in 1808, 331;
financial dangers of, in 1809, v. 46, 47;
political decline of, 57, 58;
distress of, in 1811, vi. 2;
apathy of, upon American questions, 24;
change of tone between 1807 and 1812, 225, 270, 286;
war declared against, 228, 229;
distress of, in 1812, 268;
attitude toward the war, 405;
slow to accept war with United States, vii. 2;
sensitive on right of impressment, 3;
in consternation at the loss of the “Guerriere,” 5–7, 24;
angry with United States, 7, 8, 10, 15;
her naturalization acts, 21–23;
quasi blockade of, in 1813, 332, 333;
her exultation at Napoleon’s overthrow, 356;
her indifference in 1813 to the American war, 357–359;
her demands at Ghent, viii. 267, 268;
her intentions at New Orleans, 313, 314;
intoxication of, in the spring of 1814, ix. 1–5, 9;
conditions of peace required by, 7–10, 17–20;
her reception of the Treaty of Ghent, 54–56.
Enotachopco Creek, Jackson’s rout at, vii. 246–248.
“Enterprise,” Mississippi steamboat, viii. 341.
“Enterprise,” Salem privateer, captured, vii. 329.
“Enterprise,” sloop-of-war, captures Tripolitan corsair, i. 245;
captures the “Boxer,” vii. 281, 282, 312, 313;
escapes capture, viii. 193.
“Epervier,” British 18-gun sloop-of-war, viii. 182;
captured by “Peacock,” 182, 184;
brought into Savannah, 184.
Eppes, John W., member of Congress from Virginia, ii. 95;
opposes suspension of habeas corpus, iii. 339;
opposes fortifications, 351;
opposes increase of army, iv. 211;
supports increase of army, 217;
opposes submission to England, 451;
chairman of Committee of Ways and Means in Eleventh Congress, v. 76;
his appropriation bills for 1810, 200;
his bill for reviving non-intercourse against Great Britain, 338;
maintains doctrine of contract with France, 341;
waits arrival of Serurier, 345;
amends his non-intercourse bill, 351;
quarrels with John Randolph, 352;
defeats John Randolph for Congress, vii. 51;
chairman of Ways and Means committee, 53;
defeated for the Fourteenth Congress by Randolph, viii. 239;
his treasury-note scheme, 247–249;
silent about legal tender, 248, 254;
reports treasury-note bill, 254;
favors doubling taxes, 255;
Ticknor’s report of his remark to Gaston, 262;
moves to reduce term of military service, 279;
defeated for the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 93.
Erie Canal, i. 112; ix. 168, 169.
Erie, Fort (see Fort Erie).
Erie, Lake, armaments on, vi. 296, 304, 317, 344;
Perry’s victory on, vii. 115–129.
Erskine, Lord Chancellor, iii. 393;
his speech against the Orders in Council, iv. 320;
on the American war, vii. 18.
Erskine, David Montague, succeeds Merry as British minister at Washington, iii. 250, 423;
takes Monroe’s treaty to Madison, 429;
at the White House, iv. 35, 36;
his reports on the “Chesapeake” excitement, 37, 78, 142, 143;
reports intended commercial restrictions, 144;
reports Jefferson’s conversation on the “Chesapeake” negotiation, December, 1807, 162;
reports an embargo to be imposed in expectation of a retaliatory Order in Council declaring a blockade of France, 175, 176, 332;
accompanies Rose to Madison, 193;
reported by Rose, 199;
interview with Jefferson, Nov. 9, 1808, 351–353;
reports the opinion of members of Jefferson’s cabinet on the situation in November, 1808, 384;
informs Canning of the warlike attitude of the government, 386;
reports Gallatin’s remarks as to foreign relations, 389;
advises Canning that war is imminent, 392, 393;
reports Madison for war, 394;
his account of the struggle for the repeal of the embargo, 443 et seq.;
his report, March 17, 1809, of Turreau’s anger at the repeal of embargo, v. 34, 35;
his threatening despatches of November and December, 1808, 49, 50;
his instructions of Jan. 23, 1809, 52–57, 66, 70–72, 90, 94, 111;
his reasons for exceeding instructions, 67, 70, 94;
his settlement of the “Chesapeake affair,” 67, 68;
his “Chesapeake” settlement disavowed by Canning, 88, 89;
his settlement of commercial disputes, 70–73;
his commercial arrangement received in England, 87;
disavowed, 90, 95;
his explanation of the Order of April 26, 1809, 82, 83;
his reply to Canning’s criticisms, 94;
his recall, 95;
effect of his disavowal in the United States, 109;
Jackson’s opinion of, 119, 120;
his farewell audience, 120;
effect of his arrangement on Napoleon, 139, 140, 141;
comparison between his pledges and those of Champagny, 301.
Erving, George W., as chargé d’affaires replaces Pinckney at Madrid, iii. 37, 377, 388.
Erwin, Dr., iii. 263, 265.
“Espiègle,” British sloop-of-war, vii. 289, 290.
Essex county in Massachusetts, declaration of meeting, July 21, 1812, vi. 402.
Essex Junto, the, i. 89, 314; iv. 29, 401, 403, 405, 412, 442, 462.
“Essex,” Sir William Scott’s judgment in the case of, iii. 44, 45;
received in the United States, 96, 97;
Madison’s remarks on, reported by Merry, 98;
remarks of “a confidential person,” 99;
effect of, in America, 143;
Boston memorial against, 144;
Philadelphia and Baltimore memorials, 144.
“Essex,” 32-gun frigate, her action with the “Alert,” vi. 35, 377;
arrives with despatches, 52, 56;
sails in July, 1812, 377;
returns to port, 378;
in the Pacific, vii. 287, 311; viii. 175–177;
her force, 178;
blockaded at Valparaiso, 179;
tries to run the blockade, 179;
driven back and captured, 179, 180.
Etiquette at Washington, ii. 362 et seq., 380.
Eustis, Dr. William, member of Congress from Boston, i. 93, 281;
his opinion on the political rights of the people of Louisiana, ii. 123, 124;
appointed Secretary of War, v. 9;
orders Wilkinson not to camp at Terre aux Bœufs, 172, 174;
authorizes Harrison to buy Indian land in the Wabash valley, vi. 82;
approves Harrison’s purchase, 85;
orders Harrison to preserve peace with Indians, 88, 93;
orders the Fourth Regiment to Indiana, 92, 93;
his lost letter of Sept. 18, 1811, to Harrison, 95;
appears before the Committee of Foreign Relations, 129;
his supposed incompetence, 168, 206, 392, 395, 396, 397, 398;
his duties in 1812, 168;
on recruiting, 294;
his letters to William Hull, announcing war, 299;
and ordering conquests in Canada, 302;
his orders to Dearborn to repair to Albany, 306, 308, 309;
and to take direction of militia at Niagara, 310, 321, 340;
resigns, 422; vii. 81;
orders out fifteen hundred Tennessee militia for service in Florida, 206.
Evans, Oliver, his inventions, i. 68, 71, 182;
his experiments with a stern-wheel steamboat, iii. 217.
Evans, Samuel, captain in U. S. navy, commands “Chesapeake,” vii. 291.
“Evening Post,” the New York, i. 119, 120; ii. 366;
Gardenier’s supposed letter in, iv. 203.
“Evening Star,” London newspaper, on American frigates, vii. 2.
Everett, Edward, ix. 206.
Exchange, turn of, against England, in 1808, v. 47;
rates of internal in the United States, 1814–1815, viii. 214; ix. 127, 128;
favorable turn of foreign, in 1816, 126, 127.
“Experiment,” Albany packet, i. 6.
Exports and Imports in 1800, i. 27;
in 1815, ix. 92, 94–96;
in 1816, 126;
in Massachusetts, 159;
in Virginia, 161, 162;
in New York and Pennsylvania, 166, 167.
Eylau, the battle of, iv. 62, 105.

Fagan, ——, agent of Fouché, v. 239.
Fanning, Alexander C. W., captain of artillery at Fort Erie, viii. 71.
“Fantome,” British sloop-of-war, vii. 266.
Farragut, David Glasgow, midshipman in U. S. navy, his criticism on Captain Porter, viii. 179.
Faussett, Robert, lieutenant of the British seventy-four “Plantagenet,” his affidavit about the “General Armstrong,” viii. 203, 204.
“Favorite,” British sloop-of-war, arrives at New York with treaty from Ghent, ix. 56, 57.
Fayal, destruction of the “General Armstrong” at, viii. 201–207.
“Federal Republican,” Baltimore newspaper, mobbed, vi. 406, 407;
of Jan. 28, 1815, on the impossibility that government should stand, viii. 310.
Federalists (see Party).
Fenwick, John R., lieutenant-colonel of Light Artillery, vi. 352.
Ferdinand, Prince of the Asturias (Ferdinand VII.), iv. 290;
intrigues against his father, 291;
described by Napoleon, 299;
proposed kingdom for, in America, v. 239;
cedes Florida by treaty of 1819, vi. 236.
Fernandina in East Florida, seized by United States, vi. 240;
occupation disavowed and maintained, 242, 243; vii. 206;
evacuated, 210, 211.
Ferrand, French general, protests against the contraband trade with St. Domingo, iii. 88.
Fight, the “rough-and-tumble,” in the South, i. 52 et seq.
Finances, national, in 1801, i. 239 et seq.;
average annual expenditure, 253;
repeal of internal taxes, 270, 272;
in 1802, ii. 75, 77;
in 1803, 135, 136, 141 (see Mediterranean Fund);
in 1804, 206;
in 1805, iii. 12, 18;
in 1806, 210, 345;
in 1807, iv. 148, 156;
in 1808, 366;
in 1809, v. 163, 178;
customs-revenue in 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 290, 319;
military and naval appropriations of the Eleventh Congress, 357;
in 1811, vi. 126;
Gallatin’s estimates for war, 156–159;
war-taxes proposed by Gallatin, 166;
approved by the House, 166, 167;
laid aside, 167, 168;
in 1812, 432, 433;
in 1813, 438–448;
in 1813, mentioned in annual message, vii. 365;
condition of, 385–390, 394;
in 1814, viii. 17–19, 213–215;
mentioned in annual message, 240;
Campbell’s annual report on, 240–242;
Dallas’s account of, in November, 1814, 244, 252;
Dallas’s account of, in December, 1814, 254;
Dallas’s account of, in January, 1815, 261, 262;
Monroe’s account of, in January, 1815, 283;
the “Federal Republican’s” account of, Jan. 28, 1815, 310;
Dallas’s sketch of, for the first year of peace, ix. 84;
condition of, after the peace, 90, 91, 98–103;
Lowndes’s report on, January, 1816, 112;
Dallas’s sketch of, in October, 1816, 140.
(See Gallatin, Jones, Campbell, Dallas, Taxes, Loans, Treasury Notes.)
Findlay, James, colonel of Ohio volunteers, vi. 298, 315, 326.
Findley, William, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, favors war, vi. 145;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 144.
Finnis, Captain R., of the Royal Navy, commands British squadron on Lake Erie, vii. 116, 118;
commands the “Queen Charlotte” in action, 120.
Fischer, British lieutenant-colonel in De Watteville’s regiment, leads assault on Snake Hill at Fort Erie, viii. 72–75.
Fisheries, England’s wish to exclude the United States from, viii. 4, 268, 287;
Governor Strong’s views on, 287, 288;
to be interdicted to the United States, ix. 6;
Newfoundland memorial on, 8;
Castlereagh’s instructions of July 28 on, 10, 12, 37;
discussed by the British commissioners, at Ghent, 18;
question of, under the treaty of 1783, 44–50;
Adams’s struggle for, 45–50;
Gallatin’s championship of, 46–50;
Clay’s indifference to, 46–50;
British silence regarding, 47;
British offer to reserve right, 49;
Gallatin’s offer regarding, 50;
omission of, in the Treaty of Ghent, ix. 52.
Fitch, John, his inventions, i. 66 et seq., 181.
Fletcher against Peck, Marshall’s decision in case of, ix. 189, 190.
Florida restored by England to Spain in 1783, i. 353;
cession of, asked by Bonaparte in 1800, 367, 413;
Bonaparte’s demand for, refused by Charles IV., 369;
Bonaparte’s attempts to secure, 401;
Godoy’s reasons for refusing Bonaparte’s request, 402;
cession of, asked by Jefferson, 410, 411, 424, 432, 433, 438;
Monroe authorized to buy from France, 442;
Livingston’s attempt to secure, ii. 44 (see Florida, West);
Napoleon’s retention of, v. 32, 33;
Napoleon insinuates an idea regarding, 408;
Foster instructed to protest against the seizure of, vi. 23;
his protest, 37;
Monroe’s reception of the protest, 38, 39;
Madison’s designs on, vii. 32, 206–209;
Russian influence on, 211;
supposed sale to England, 212, 213;
a southern object, 213; viii. 318;
in the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 29, 30.
Florida, East, Madison asks authority to occupy, v. 326, 327;
Congress authorizes occupation of, 327;
commissioners sent to take possession of, 327;
revolutionized, vi. 237–243;
bill for occupation of, 243;
occupation continued, vii. 206;
bill for the seizure of, 208;
bill amended, 209;
troops withdrawn from, 210, 211.
Florida, West, possession of, necessary for the West, i. 438, 442;
not a part of the territory retroceded by Spain to France, ii. 7, 13;
claimed by Livingston as part of the Louisiana purchase, 68;
Jefferson’s anxiety to secure, 245;
scheme for seizing, 255;
not claimed at the delivery of Louisiana, 256;
Randolph’s Mobile Act, asserting jurisdiction over, 257, 258, 260–263;
claim to, 273, 311, 312;
claim adopted by the President, 302;
desire of the southern people to acquire, iii. 22;
negotiation for, in 1805, 23–37 (see Monroe);
Madison’s opinion of claim to, 55, 56;
not to be turned into a French job, 70, 77;
Cabinet decides to offer five millions for, 78;
Talleyrand’s plan for obtaining, 103;
Talleyrand’s plan adopted by Jefferson, 106;
opposed in Congress, 133 et seq.;
passage of Two-Million Act for purchasing, 138;
Burr’s designs upon, 232, 234;
source of Talleyrand’s plan, 373;
Napoleon’s attitude, 374, 375;
Madison’s instructions, 375;
Napoleon’s defeat of Talleyrand’s plan, 376–385, 424, 428; iv. 114;
Turreau’s views on, iii. 426;
American occupation invited by Napoleon iv. 293, 294, 296, 297, 307;
invitation acknowledged by Madison, 306;
invitation denied by Napoleon, 311;
seizure of, intended by Jefferson, 340;
revolution in, v. 307–315;
Madison orders occupation of, 310–312, 318;
Claiborne takes possession of, 313;
organized as part of Orleans Territory, 314;
protest of British chargé, 314, 315;
Giles’s bill for annexing to Orleans Territory, 320;
debate on annexation, 320–323;
Macon’s bill, admitting, as a part of Louisiana, 323, 324;
remains a separate territory, 326;
divided by act of Congress, vi. 236;
ceded by Spain in 1819, 237.
(See Mobile.)
Flour, price of, its effect in repealing the embargo, v. 196;
affected by the blockade, vii. 263;
affected by peace, ix. 61.
Flournoy, Thomas, brigadier-general, in U. S. army, succeeds Wilkinson at New Orleans, vii. 243.
Floyd, John, brigadier-general of Georgia militia, his campaign to Autossee, vii. 242, 243;
his battle at Calibee Creek, 249, 250.
Folch, Governor, of West Florida, iii. 262, 300.
Fontaine, John, lieutenant of artillery in Fort Erie, viii. 76.
Fontainebleau, treaty of, iv. 120.
Forfeitures under the Non-importation Act, vi. 436–443.
Forrest, C. R., major of the British Thirty-Fourth Infantry, Assistant Quarter-Master General before New Orleans, his account of the British batteries, viii. 360, 365;
his account of the canal, 374, 375.
Forsyth, Benjamin, major in U. S. Rifle Regiment, vii. 147.
Forsyth, John, member of Congress from Georgia, vii. 53;
on bank committee, viii. 252;
objects to economy, ix. 85;
in the Fourteenth Congress, 107;
supports the bank, 117;
his remarks on the Compensation Bill, 121.
Fort Barrancas at Pensacola, occupied by British expedition, viii. 320;
evacuated and blown up, 329.
Fort Bowyer, on Mobile Point, constructed by Wilkinson, vii. 215;
occupied by Jackson, viii. 319, 322;
attacked by British sloops-of-war, 322–325;
captured, 383–385.
Fort Dearborn, Chicago, vi. 110, 294;
garrison massacred, 334.
Fort Erie, vi. 343, 347, 348, 358;
evacuated by British, vii. 117, 159;
re-occupied by Drummond, 202;
Brown ordered to attack, viii. 33;
British garrison at, 38;
captured by Brown, 39;
Ripley’s retreat to, 66;
entrenched American camp at, 67, 70, 71; ix. 235;
Drummond’s repulse at, viii. 71–80;
strength of army at, 68, 69, 83;
Brown’s sortie from, 84–89;
Drummond retires from, 89, 90;
abandoned and blown up by Izard, 116, 118;
in the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 34, 35.
Fort George, vi. 300, 343, 347; vii. 153;
Brock’s headquarters, vi. 341, 348, 349, 351;
captured by Dearborn, vii. 157, 158;
held by McClure, 200, 201;
evacuated, 202;
Riall’s headquarters, viii. 38;
Brown unable to attack, 45–47.
Fort Harrison, vi. 95, 106, 294;
attacked by Indians, vii. 72, 73.
Fort Massac, iii. 222, 284, 290–292.
Fort McHenry, at Baltimore, strength of, viii. 166;
bombardment of, 171, 172.
Fort Meigs, constructed in February, 1813, vii. 93, 99, 101;
besieged by Proctor, 104–107;
siege abandoned, 108;
threatened by Proctor, 109.
Fort Mims, surprise and massacre of, vii. 229–231.
Fort Niagara, bombarded, vi. 355;
captured by Drummond, vii. 202, 203, 205;
British garrison at, viii. 38;
cession required, ix. 10, 34.
Fort St. Philip, below New Orleans, viii. 335;
bombarded, 383.
Fort Schlosser, on the Niagara River, Brown’s base of supplies, viii. 49.
Fort Stephenson, Croghan’s defence of, vii. 110–114.
Fort Stoddert, iii. 327; vii. 243.
Fort Strother, on the Coosa, Jackson’s base, vii. 238, 239, 240, 245.
Fort Sullivan, at Eastport, Maine, capitulates, viii. 94.
Fort Washington (or Warburton), on the Potomac, vii. 56; viii. 120, 137, 138;
abandoned, 157.
Fort Wayne, vii. 72.
Fortifications, iii. 179;
opposed by southern republicans, 350;
appropriation for, in 1809, v. 85;
appropriation asked in 1810, 319.
Foster, Augustus John, his description of Jefferson, i. 186;
of Madison, 190;
appointed British minister to the United States, vi. 16, 21;
F. J. Jackson’s opinion of, 22;
his instructions, 22, 23;
arrives at Washington, 37, 52;
protests against the seizure of Florida, 37;
reports Monroe’s language about Spanish America, 38;
protests against the non-importation, 39;
narrows the issue to Fox’s blockade and the Orders in Council, 40, 41;
reports Monroe’s language on the revocation of the French decrees, 42;
threatens retaliation for the non-importation, 44;
reports that the Orders in Council are the single object of irritation, 45;
settles the “Chesapeake affair,” 121, 122;
his report of executive temper in November, 1811, 131;
his report of Gallatin’s language about taxes, 156;
his report of the conduct of Federalists in Congress, 172–175;
receives instructions, March 21, 1812, 191;
communicates them, 192;
his report of Monroe’s remarks on recent French spoliations, 195, 198;
his report of Madison’s and Monroe’s remarks on the embargo of April, 1812, 199;
suggests Madison’s re-election, 213;
on the American people, vii. 15;
his Florida protest, 32.
Fouché, Joseph, Duc d’Otrante, Napoleon’s minister of police, v. 222;
opposes Napoleon’s commercial system, 224;
sends an agent to the British government, 238, 239;
disgraced and exiled, 241.
“Fox,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 332.
Fox, Charles James, ii. 418;
accession of, to Foreign Office, iii. 163, 211;
recalls Merry, and refuses to listen to Burr’s schemes, 250;
opens negotiations with Monroe, 394;
his blockade, 398;
illness of, 406;
death of, 407.
France, cause of her influence over the Union, i. 337;
her course in 1795, 350;
her colonial aspirations, 353;
obtains cession of Spanish St. Domingo in 1795, 354;
seeks to recover Louisiana in 1797, 354;
asks for Louisiana and the Floridas in 1798, 357;
makes peace with foreign powers in 1800, 360–362, 373, 374;
asks again for Louisiana, 364;
and for the Floridas, 368;
obtains Louisiana, 369, 370 (see Treaties);
her old colonial system, 377–380;
loses St. Domingo, 380–387;
her attempt to recover St. Domingo, 390–398, 414, 415;
her pledge not to alienate Louisiana, 400;
presses to obtain the Floridas, 401, 402;
Jefferson’s first cordiality toward, 404;
Jefferson’s threats toward, 406–411;
Jefferson’s forbearance toward, 423–425, 427–446;
her intentions regarding Louisiana, ii, 4–12 (see Napoleon, Louisiana, Florida);
perfect understanding with, iii. 8;
Jefferson’s alarm at the conduct of, 58–75;
her dictatorial tone in 1805, 82–90 (see Decrees);
alienation between United States and, v. 28–41, 141–151;
difficulties of commerce with, 152, 245;
value of spoliations in 1809, 1810, 242, 243;
contract with, 339, 340;
unfriendly language of the annual message toward, vi. 125;
Madison’s language regarding, 187, 218, 224;
theory of contract with, apparently abandoned, 223;
Monroe’s language regarding, 232;
Napoleon driven back into, vii. 370;
invaded, 373, 393, 395.
(See Livingston, Armstrong, Barlow, Madison, Monroe, Talleyrand, Champagny, Maret.)
Franklin, Benjamin, i. 60 et seq., 181;
citation from Poor Richard, 44.
Franklin, Jesse, senator from North Carolina, vii. 49.
Freeman, Constant, lieutenant-colonel of Artillery, in command at New Orleans, warned by Wilkinson, iii. 314, 315.
Fremantle, Colonel, letter on the situation of Parliament, v. 58.
French Mills, Wilkinson’s winter quarters, vii. 199; viii. 24.
French spoliations (see Spoliations, French).
Frenchtown, in Maryland, Cockburn’s attack on, vii. 266.
Frenchtown, on the river Raisin, vii. 88.
(See Raisin.)
Freneau, Philip, i. 125.
Frere, John Hookham, i. 402.
Friedland, the battle of, iv. 62, 105.
Frigates, American, effect of their captures on England, vii. 5–7, 9, 13–16, 24;
cost of, 310;
efficiency of, compared with sloops-of-war, 310–312;
six new, ordered to be built, 313;
their record in 1814, viii. 174–181.
(See Navy, “President,” “Constitution,” “United States,” “Chesapeake,” “Congress,” “Constellation,” “Essex,” and “Adams.”)
“Frolic,” American sloop-of-war, built in 1813, vii. 313;
sails in February, 1814, and is captured April 20, viii. 181.
“Frolic,” British sloop-of-war, vi. 379;
her action with the “Wasp,” 380.
Fugitive-Slave Bill, i. 300.
Fulton, Robert, i. 69, 182;
Justice Story’s account of, 71;
his steamboat, iii. 20, 216; iv. 135;
his torpedo, v. 209;
his inventions, ix. 236.
(See Steamboat.)

Gaillard, John, senator from South Carolina, ii. 238.
Gaines, Edmund Pendleton, first lieutenant of Second Infantry, commanding at Fort Stoddert, arrests Burr, iii. 327;
promoted to brigadier, vii. 409;
corrects Brown, viii. 28;
takes command at Fort Erie, 67;
his force, 73;
repulses Drummond’s assault, 74–80;
wounded, relinquishes command, 82;
ordered to Mobile, 331;
remains brigadier on peace establishment, ix. 88.
Gallatin, Albert, his opinion of the Connecticut River district, i. 19;
on Indian corn, 58;
his political doctrines, 72, 115 et seq., 163, 177;
personal characteristics of, 190;
appointed Secretary of the Treasury, 218;
supports M. L. Davis, 232;
opposes removals from office, 235; ii. 194;
his financial measures of 1801, i. 239;
his financial schemes adopted, 272;
inserts school and road contract into the law admitting Ohio, 302;
Yazoo commissioner, 304–306;
underestimates the product of the taxes, ii. 75;
his opinion on the acquisition of territory, 79, 131;
success of the Treasury Department under, 135;
asks Congress for a special tax for the Barbary war, 141, 261;
attacked by Duane, 194, 196;
by Eaton, 431;
remonstrates with Jefferson against allusions to New England in second Inaugural, iii. 6;
his policy of internal improvements, 18; iv. 364;
his view of Monroe’s negotiation with Spain, iii. 65;
opposes the idea of war, 67;
opposes the offer of five millions for Florida, 78;
criticises the draft of Annual Message, November, 1805, 114;
success of his financial management, 210;
his policy of discharging public debt, 345;
his hostility to slavery, 362;
prepares for war with England, iv. 32 et seq.;
his success with the treasury, 148;
modifies Jefferson’s Annual Message of 1807, 150;
his report Nov. 5, 1807, 156;
abandons his dogma against national debt, 157;
opposed to Jefferson’s gunboat policy, 158;
his letter advising that the embargo should be limited as to time, 170;
talks freely with Rose, 197;
asserts that war is inevitable unless the Orders in Council are repealed, 198;
enforces the embargo, 253;
requires arbitrary powers to enforce the embargo, 261;
thinks the result of the election doubtful, 284;
urges Jefferson to decide between embargo and war, 355;
his annual report of 1808, 365–367;
favors war, 368;
his plan, 369, 432;
writes “Campbell’s Report,” 370, 371;
his attitude as represented by Erskine, 385;
suggests settlement to Erskine, 387, 388;
Erskine’s report of his conversation, 390;
disavows Erskine’s report, 391;
his legislation to enforce the embargo, 398;
presses his measures, 420;
defeats bill for employing navy, 425, 426;
his analysis of the navy coalition, 428;
intended by Madison for Secretary of State, 429;
opposed by Giles, 429, 430;
his efforts to maintain discipline, 440;
explains the Non-intercourse Act to Erskine, 445;
his appointment as Secretary of State defeated, v. 4–8;
his quarrel with Samuel Smith, 10;
his conversation with Turreau about the Floridas, 38, 39;
his remarks to Turreau on renewing intercourse with Great Britain, 74;
his letters on Erskine’s disavowal, 110, 111;
his expectations from Jackson’s mission, 110, 116, 117;
his feud with Giles, Smith, and Leib, 159;
his letter of remonstrance to Jefferson, 160, 161, 164;
his enemies, 167;
his annual report of 1809, 178;
his bill for excluding British and French ships, 183 (see Macon);
his remarks on Napoleon’s secret confiscations, 259;
his remarks to Turreau on revival of non-intercourse against England, 303;
gives notice of revival of non-intercourse against England, 304;
his annual report of 1810, 319;
his dependence on the bank, 329, 335;
asks an increase of duties, 357;
his letter of resignation, 360–366;
Serurier’s estimate of, vi. 46;
his annual report of November, 1811, 126;
attacked by Giles, 148, 149;
delays his estimates, 156;
his war-taxes, 156–159, 165, 166, 204;
his war-taxes reported June 26, 235;
his loan of 1812, 206, 207;
believed to think war unnecessary, 225;
complains of Congress, 234, 235;
reports tax-bills to Congress, 235;
his instructions at the outbreak of war, 301;
his opinion of Eustis, 397, 398;
claims department of State, 424;
his annual report of Dec. 5, 1812, 433, 438;
his views on the forfeiture of merchandise imported in 1812, 439, 440;
his attitude toward war-taxation, 446;
offended by Duane’s appointment, vii. 41;
asks to go as peace commissioner to Russia, 42;
regards his separation from the Treasury as final, 43;
negotiates loan of 1813, 44;
settles financial arrangements for the year, 45;
sails for Russia, 46;
on the incapacity of government, 52;
his name sent to the Senate as envoy, 59;
his nomination rejected, 60, 355;
remonstrates against the seizure of Mobile, 212, 213;
objects to special legislation for privateers, 336;
arrives at St. Petersburg, 339, 347;
writes to Baring, 343;
obliged to remain idle at St. Petersburg, 348, 349;
leaves St. Petersburg and arrives in London, 355, 363;
nominated and confirmed as joint envoy to Ghent, 371;
his estimate of bank capital, currency, and specie in 1814, 387–389;
effect of his letters on the President, viii. 121;
Dallas’s opinion of, 244;
remains in London until June 21, 1814, ix. 1;
has interview with the Czar June 17, 8;
writes despatch of June 13, 8, 9;
his position and authority among the negotiators, 14, 15;
abandons hope of peace, 22;
takes control of the commission, 28, 29;
on the Florida policy, 30;
accepts the Indian article, 32;
learns Prevost’s defeat, 37;
becomes champion of the fisheries, 46, 48, 50;
Adams’s opinion of, 51;
his opinion of Adams, 51;
appointed minister to France, 89;
declines the Treasury, 124, 125, 141.
Gambier, Lord, commands the Copenhagen expedition, iv. 63;
bombards Copenhagen, 65;
appointed chief British commissioner at Ghent, ix. 13, 14.
Gardenier, Barent, member of Congress from New York, iv. 147;
attacks the Supplementary Embargo Bill, 201;
his duel with G. W. Campbell, 203;
his views on Campbell’s Report, 375, 447;
his remarks on Jefferson and Madison, v. 79, 80;
supports Macon’s bill, 185;
cause of changing rule of previous question, 353.
Gardiner, John Sylvester John, president of the Anthology Club, ix. 202.
Gaston, William, member of Congress from North Carolina, his reply to Eppes, viii. 262.
Gaudin, Duc de Gaete, orders of, v. 348.
Gelston, Daniel, i. 231.
“General Armstrong,” New York privateer brig, vii. 316;
escapes the “Coquette,” 326;
destroyed at Fayal, viii. 201–207.
George III., King of England, character of, i. 342;
Eldon’s anecdote of, iv. 65;
becomes insane, v. 288; vi. 2.
George, Prince of Wales, his Whig associations, vi. 3, 4;
becomes Prince Regent, Feb. 6, 1811, 14;
retains Spencer Perceval’s ministry, 14;
his audience of leave for William Pinkney, 16, 18–20;
his conditional declaration of April 21, 1812, that the Orders in Council should be withdrawn, 254, 282;
his opinion of Major-General Proctor, vii. 93, 94;
approves conduct of Major-General Ross, viii. 314.
Georgia, State of, in 1800, i. 4, 39;
surrenders territory to the United States, 303;
land speculation in, 303;
Rescinding Act, 304;
relations with Creek Indians, vii. 218, 219;
share in the Creek war, 234, 235;
militia campaigns of Floyd, 241–243, 249, 250;
militia fail to deal with the Creeks, viii. 219;
regular troops in, 316, 317;
agitated by British invasion, ix. 63.
German, Obadiah, senator from New York, vii. 48.
Gerry, Elbridge, i. 358;
presides over a “Chesapeake” meeting in Boston, iv. 29;
elected governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811, v. 215; vi. 115;
defeated in 1812, 204;
nominated for the Vice-Presidency, 214;
elected, 413.
“Gershom,” American brig, burned by French squadron, vi. 193, 198.
Ghent, despatches dated Aug. 20, 1814, arrive at Washington from, viii. 267; ix. 23;
American commissioners arrive at, ix. 9, 17;
first conference at, August 8, 17;
second conference at, August 19, 19;
despatches of August 20 from, 23;
Castlereagh visits, 24;
Treaty of, signed December 24, 52;
Treaty of, received in England, 54–56;
Treaty of, received in America, 57–61;
treaty confirmed and ratified, 58, 82;
character of treaty, 59;
effect of treaty on party politics, 80, 81.
Gholson, Thomas, member of Congress from Virginia, moves new rule of previous question, v. 353.
Gibbs, Sir Samuel, British major-general, appointed second in command of British expedition to New Orleans, viii. 315;
commands British right column at the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372;
attacks and is killed, 375, 381.
Gibson, James, colonel of Fourth Rifles, leads sortie from Fort Erie, viii. 87;
killed, 88, 89.
Giles, William Branch, member of Congress from Virginia, i. 209, 261, 267;
his political career, 234 et seq.;
debates the Judiciary Bill, 286 et seq., 299; ii. 142;
supports the impeachment of Judge Chase, 221;
his view of impeachment, 223, 235, 237, 238, 241;
senator from Virginia, iii. 126;
introduces a bill to suspend habeas corpus, 338, 340;
ready for war, iv. 198;
described by Joseph Story, 205;
his bill defining treason, 206;
his bill conferring power to enforce the embargo, 398;
a member of the senatorial cabal hostile to Madison and Gallatin, 428–430;
defeats Gallatin’s appointment as Secretary of State, v. 4–7;
votes for mission to Russia, 11;
his report on F. J. Jackson, 178, 179, 182, 183;
wishes energy of government, 180, 189;
his bill for the annexation of West Florida, 319, 320;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 333;
his political capacity, 363;
reports bill for raising twenty-five thousand troops, vi. 147;
his speech attacking Gallatin, 148, 149;
his factiousness, 150;
his admission of errors, 154;
his speech on the volunteer bill, 161;
votes for war, 229;
votes against occupying East Florida, 243;
on seamen’s bill, 454;
in opposition, vii. 48;
votes against Gallatin’s appointment to Russia, 59;
charged by Monroe with schemes of usurpation, 62;
votes against mission to Sweden, 63;
no chance of re-election, 399;
his bill for drafting eighty thousand militia, viii. 268–280;
thinks government cannot stand, 310;
resigns seat in Senate, ix. 107.
Gilman, Nicholas, senator from New Hampshire, votes against the Two-Million Bill, iii. 139.
Girard, Stephen, shares loan of 1813, vii. 44, 45;
subscribes for bank-stock, ix. 131.
Gitschin in Bohemia, the Czar’s headquarters, vii. 340.
Glasgow, meeting of merchants at, in September, 1814, viii. 198, 199.
Gleig, George R., lieutenant in the British Eighty-fifth Regiment, his account of the capture of Washington, viii. 129, 144;
is account of the artillery at New Orleans, 359, 360, 363–366.
Gloucester town-meeting appoints a committee of public safety, iv. 414.
Goddard, Calvin, member of Congress from Connecticut, ii. 160.
Godoy, Don Manuel, Prince of Peace, i. 346 et seq.;
treaty of 1795 negotiated by, 348, 369, 371;
baffles Bonaparte, 374;
attempts to conciliate the United States, ii. 21;
protests against the sale of Louisiana, 57;
conciliates Napoleon, 277;
his defiant speech to Erving, iii. 38;
offers to accept American advances, 381, 382;
opposed to alliance with France, iv. 116, 117, 118, 124;
stifles Prince Ferdinand’s intrigue, 291;
mobbed, 298;
described by Napoleon, 299.
Gold, premium in England in 1812, vii. 5.
(See Specie.)
Goldsborough, Robert Henry, senator from Maryland, vii. 62, 63;
denounces conscription, viii. 273.
Goodrich, Chauncey, senator from Connecticut, iii. 461; iv. 146;
delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292, 294.
Goodrich, Elizur, i. 226.
Gordon, Charles, captain in U. S. navy, appointed to command the “Chesapeake,” iv. 5;
drops down the Potomac, 7;
ready for sea, 8;
testimony of, 11;
prepares for action, 16.
Gordon, James A., captain of British frigate “Seahorse,” captures Alexandria, viii. 157;
rejoins fleet, 163, 164.
Gore, Christopher, ii. 347;
his letter to Pickering on resistance to the embargo, iv. 405;
Pickering’s reply, 406;
elected governor of Massachusetts in 1809, v. 12;
invites F. J. Jackson to Boston, 213;
defeated in the election of 1810, 215;
and in 1811, vi. 115;
senator from Massachusetts, his speech on conscription, viii. 272;
his letter on State armies, 284, 285;
approves report of Hartford Convention, 301;
his opinion of the Treaty of Ghent, ix. 59.
Goulburn, Henry, under secretary of state for the colonies, appointed British commissioner at Ghent, ix. 13, 14;
presents subjects of discussion, 17;
states British demands, 19, 20;
reports Bayard’s remarks, 22;
checked by Castlereagh, 24, 25;
anxious for Prevost to move, 27;
out of temper, 29, 30, 31;
again checked, 31, 32;
quite in despair, 36;
thinks the fisheries conceded, 47.
“Governor Tompkins,” New York privateer schooner, her escape from man-of-war, vii. 327, 328;
in the British Channel, viii. 196.
“Grace Ann Greene,” American vessel released by Napoleon, v. 391.
Graham, John, sent by Jefferson to inquire into Burr’s movements, iii. 280, 281;
goes to Chillicothe, 282;
to Kentucky, 286;
his account of public opinion in Kentucky, vi. 394.
“Grand Turk,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 333.
Grandpré, Louis, v. 306, 307.
Granger, Gideon, appointed Postmaster-General, i. 308;
an active politician, ii. 192;
agent for the Yazoo claims, 212;
attacked by Randolph, 213;
removed from office by Madison, vii. 399–401.
Graydon, Alexander, i. 127.
Great Britain (see England).
Greenleaf’s Point (Arsenal), at Washington, viii. 137.
Gregg, Andrew, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, ii. 123;
moves a non-importation resolution, iii. 154;
the resolution debated, 155–165;
the resolution laid aside, 165, 396.
Grégoire, Abbé, i. 105.
Grenville, Lord, ii. 316, 418;
denounces seizure of Spanish galleons, iii. 46;
prime minister, 392, 420;
dismissed from office, 421;
charges ministers with intending a war with the United States, iv. 70;
on Canning, v. 49;
on the American government, vii. 10.
Grétry, v. 235.
Grey, Earl (see Howick), denounces seizure of Spanish galleons, iii. 47.
Griswold, Gaylord, member of Congress from New York, on the Louisiana treaty, ii. 96.
Griswold, Roger, member of Congress from Connecticut, i. 269, 299;
on the Louisiana treaty, ii. 99, 101;
on the Vice-Presidency, 133;
on the Mediterranean Fund, 142;
believes disunion inevitable, 160, 162;
his letters to Oliver Wolcott, 162, 169, 180;
conference of, with Burr, 183, 390, 391.
Grosvenor, Thomas P., member of Congress from New York, on Webster’s bank-bill, viii. 259, 260;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
criticises Webster, 117, 118;
on committee for internal improvements, 148.
Grundy, Felix, member of Congress from Tennessee, vi. 122, 137, 196;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his speech in favor of war, 137–141;
favors large army, 152;
opposes war-power, 161;
against frigates, 164;
on embargo, 201;
on the political effects of war, 213;
on forfeitures, 443;
reports bill for regulation of seamen, 452, 453;
on the state of the finances in April, 1813, vii. 390;
defeated as Speaker, 396.
“Guerriere,” British frigate, vi. 25;
“Little Belt” mistaken for, 26–30;
Captain Dacres, commander of, 37;
joins Broke’s squadron, 368;
chases “Constitution,” 370;
captured by “Constitution,” 372–375;
consternation produced throughout Great Britain by capture of, vii. 5, 6, 24;
Captain Dacres on capture of, 7;
the “Times” on conduct of, 14;
relative loss compared with “Shannon,” 299;
loss inflicted by, compared with that inflicted by “Cyane” and “Levant,” ix. 78;
effect of battle of, 229.
Gulf-stream considered by Jefferson as American waters, iii. 129, 405, 424.
Gunboats, arguments for and against, iii. 352;
Jefferson’s policy adopted by Congress, iv. 158–160;
Secretary Hamilton’s remarks on, v. 168;
attack British frigate “Junon,” vii. 270;
captured on Lake Borgne, viii. 335, 336;
ordered to be sold, ix. 87.
Gunnery, naval, of American gunboats in the affair with the British frigate “Junon,” vii. 270;
of the battery on Craney Island, 274;
of the “Hornet” and “Peacock,” 290;
of the “Shannon” and “Chesapeake,” 292, 298–301;
of the “Argus” and “Pelican,” 306–308;
superiority of American, 319; viii. 210;
Michael Scott on, vii. 322;
relative superiority at Plattsburg, viii. 106, 109; ix. 234;
of the “Peacock” and “Epervier,” viii. 183, 184;
of the “Wasp” and “Reindeer,” 187;
of the “Wasp” and “Avon,” 190–192;
of the “President” and “Endymion,” ix. 69, 70;
of the “Hornet” and “Penguin,” 72;
of the “Constitution,” “Cyane,” and “Levant,” 75–78;
relative superiority of American, 229–235.
(See Artillery.)

Habeas Corpus, bill for the suspension of, defeated in Congress, iii. 338, 340.
Halifax, blockaded by privateers in 1814, viii. 194, 195.
“Halifax,” British sloop-of-war, desertion of seamen from, iv. 2.
Hall, Basil, i. 164;
his account of the practice of the British frigates blockading New York, iii. 92.
Hall, Bolling, member of Congress from Georgia, moves resolutions authorizing issue of legal-tender treasury-notes, viii. 253, 254.
Hall, ———, captain of marines on the “Chesapeake,” iv. 11.
Hamilton, Alexander, i. 85, 86, 108, 277;
Talleyrand’s remark concerning, 352; ii. 168;
opposes Burr for governor, 176, 177;
not in favor of disunion projects, 184;
his opposition to Burr, 185 et seq.;
his duel with Burr, 186 et seq.;
mourned by the Federalists, 190.
Hamilton, Paul, appointed Secretary of the Navy, v. 9, 206;
his orders to Commodore Rodgers of June 9, 1810, vi. 26;
of May 6, 1811, 25;
his supposed incompetence, 169, 290, 395, 398;
his orders to Rodgers, Decatur, and Hull in June, 1812, 363–365, 368;
his orders of September, 1812, 378;
resigns, 428.
Hammond, George, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, v. 45.
Hampshire county-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 410.
Hampton, village of, captured and plundered, vii. 275, 276.
Hampton, Wade, brigadier-general in U. S. army, hostile to Wilkinson, v. 169;
takes command at New Orleans, 175; vi. 291;
appointed Major-General, vii. 37;
sent to Lake Champlain, 174;
his hostility to Wilkinson, 175;
not under Wilkinson’s orders, 175, 176;
ordered to prepare winter quarters, 183, 197;
his force on Lake Champlain, 192;
advances to Chateaugay, 192;
reaches Spear’s, 193, 194;
his force, 196;
his check and retreat, 197;
offers resignation, 198;
falls back to Plattsburg, 199;
blamed by Wilkinson and Armstrong, 199, 200;
his resignation accepted, 199, 200, 416;
fortifies Norfolk, 271;
on Hull’s court-martial, 415;
Armstrong’s treatment of, 416.
Hanson, A. C., a victim of the Baltimore riot, vi. 407;
on the popularity of the war, vii. 69, 70;
his speech, Nov. 28, 1814, on the destitution of government, viii. 252, 253.
Hardin, Benjamin, member of the Fourteenth Congress from Kentucky, moves to repeal the direct tax, ix. 113;
on the effect of the Compensation Act, 137.
Hardy, Sir Thomas M., captain in British navy, blockades New York, vii. 278;
countenances ship-duels, 286;
escorts British expedition to Moose Island, viii. 94.
Harper, Robert Goodloe, ii. 154;
one of Chase’s counsel, 228, 232;
federalist leader in 1799, vi. 144;
senator from Maryland, ix. 108.
“Harpy,” privateer, viii. 196.
Harris, Thomas K., member of Congress from Tennessee, on Giles’s militia bill, viii. 275.
Harrison, Fort (see Fort Harrison).
Harrison, William Henry, governor of Indiana Territory, his Indian treaty of 1805, iii. 13;
appointed governor, in 1800, vi. 68;
his account of Indian affairs, 69–73;
his treaties of 1804 and 1805, 75, 77;
his influence in the dispute about slavery in Indiana, 75–77;
his interview with the Prophet in August, 1808, 80;
his treaty of Sept. 30, 1809, 83, 84;
his interview with Tecumthe of Aug. 12, 1810, 85–88;
his letter to Tecumthe, June 24, 1811, 90;
his talk with Tecumthe, July 27, 1811, 91;
instructed to avoid hostilities, 93;
raises military forces, 93;
sends army up the Wabash valley, 94;
constructs Fort Harrison, 95;
marches on Tippecanoe, 97;
his arrival, 98–100;
his camp, 102;
attacked, 103;
his return to Vincennes, 106;
Humphrey Marshall’s opinion of, 107;
his estimate of the effect of his campaign, 107, 108;
appointed by Kentucky to command expedition to recover Detroit, 392, 420;
unable to advance, 412;
appointed major-general, vii. 37;
placed in command by Kentucky, 73, 74;
commissioned by the President as brigadier-general, 75;
receives carte blanche, with no orders but to recover Detroit, 75, 80, 102;
his autumn campaign, 75–84;
his winter campaign, 84–86, 100, 101;
ordered to remain on the defensive, 103;
besieged in Fort Meigs, 104–108;
attacked at Sandusky, 108–114;
his army of invasion, 128;
embarks, 129;
occupies Malden, 131;
occupies Sandwich and Detroit, 132;
defeats Proctor on the Thames, 137–140;
returns to Detroit, 142;
sent to Sackett’s Harbor, 200;
his treaty of peace with Indian tribes, 261; ix. 32;
Armstrong’s prejudice against, vii. 409;
resigns from the army, 410.
Harrowby, Lord, British Foreign Secretary, ii. 418;
receives Monroe, 420;
instructions as to impressments and the boundary convention, 423 et seq.;
retires from the Foreign Office, iii. 47.
Hartford Convention (see New England Convention).
“Hartford wits,” i. 101.
Harvard College, i. 77, 78, 90;
the source of Boston Unitarianism, ix. 176;
its influence on Boston, 205, 206.
Hastings, Warren, trial of, ii. 226.
Hauterive, Alexandre Maurice, Comte d’, charged with negotiations with Armstrong, v. 140, 141.
Havre de Grace, in Maryland, Cockburn’s attack on, vii. 267.
Hawkesbury, Lord (see Liverpool).
Hawkins, Benjamin, Indian agent among the Creeks, vii. 218;
satisfied with behavior of Creeks, 220;
his report of Tecumthe’s address to the Creeks, 221;
demands the delivery of Creek murderers, 225;
his report on the flight of the Red Sticks, 257, 258.
Hay, George, District Attorney, conducts prosecution of Burr, iii. 445;
threatens the court, 466;
Monroe’s son-in-law, accuses Jefferson of insincerity, iv. 131;
his advice to Monroe, vi. 421.
Hayes, John, captain of British 56-gun frigate “Majestic,” commanding blockading squadron off New York, intercepts Decatur in the “President,” ix. 64.
Head, Sir Francis, ix. 233.
Heath, William, Jefferson’s letter to, iii. 8, 9, 58.
Henley, John D., commander in the U. S. navy, his report on the destruction of the “Carolina” at New Orleans, viii. 359.
Henry, John, his letters to H. W. Ryland in March, 1808, iv. 243–248;
his letters sent by Sir James Craig to Lord Castlereagh, 246, 248;
sent to Boston by Sir James Craig in January, 1809, 460;
his reports, 461;
his report on disunion, v. 14;
recalled, 86;
demands money, vi. 176;
comes to Boston, 177;
employs Crillon to negotiate with Monroe, 178;
obtains fifty thousand dollars, 179;
sails for Europe, 180;
papers of, 182;
supposed effect of, in Florida affairs, 241.
Henry, Patrick, i. 143;
quoted by Randolph, ix. 110.
“Hermes,” 22-gun British sloop-of-war, sent to Pensacola, viii. 319, 322;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 323;
disabled and burned, 324.
Herrera, General, iii. 300;
hostile demonstrations of, 304;
movements of, 310.
Hickory Ground, the focus of Creek fanaticism, vii. 234.
Higginson, Stephen, ii. 164.
Hill, Lord, intended to command British expedition to New Orleans, viii. 311.
Hillabee villages, vii. 241, 247.
Hillhouse, James, senator from Connecticut, ii. 160; iv. 146;
directs opposition to the embargo, 405;
delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292.
Hillyar, James, captain of the British 36-gun frigate “Phoebe,” blockades and captures the “Essex” at Valparaiso, viii. 178–180, 201.
Hindman, Jacob, major of artillery corps, commands battalion in Brown’s army, viii. 37;
at Lundy’s Lane, 56;
ordered to withdraw his guns, 59;
commands artillery at Fort Erie, 71.
Hinds, Thomas, lieutenant-colonel of Mississippi volunteers, at New Orleans, viii. 345.
“Holkar,” New York privateer, captured, vii. 329.
Holland, exempted from the non-intercourse, iv. 446; v. 72, 90–92, 112;
restored to independence, vii. 373.
(See Louis Bonaparte)
Holland, James, member of Congress from North Carolina, laments disposition for novelty, iii. 351.
Holland, Lord, negotiates treaty with Monroe, iii. 407, 408–412;
on repeal of the orders, vi. 275.
Holmes, John, of Maine, attacks report of Hartford Convention in the Massachusetts legislature, viii. 306.
Holstein, Duchy of, v. 413.
Hope, Henry, captain of the British frigate “Endymion,” his report of attack on the “Prince of Neufchatel,” viii. 208, 209;
his action with the “President,” ix. 67.
Hopkins, Lemuel, i. 102.
Hopkins, Samuel, major-general of Kentucky militia, vii. 74, 76, 78;
member of the Thirteenth Congress, viii. 279.
Hopkinson, Joseph, one of Chase’s counsel, ii. 228, 231;
member of the Fourteenth Congress, declares the federal government at its last gasp in January, 1815; viii. 285, 286;
represents Pennsylvania, ix. 107.
“Horizon,” American ship, condemned by French courts under Berlin Decree, iv. 82;
judgment in the case of the, 109.
Horner, Francis, declares the American war unpopular, ix. 43.
“Hornet,” sloop-of-war, brings despatches, vi. 215, 217;
cruises with Rodgers’ squadron, 365, 366;
at Boston, 378, 381;
her second cruise, 384;
blockades the “Bonne Citoyenne,” 384; vii. 288;
Josiah Quincy’s Resolution on victory of, 65;
attached to Decatur’s squadron, 278;
sinks the “Peacock,” 289, 290;
commanded by Biddle, 291, 293;
blockaded at New London, 312;
sails from New York, ix. 63, 70;
captures “Penguin,” 71, 72;
escapes “Cornwallis,” 73;
gunnery of, 230.
Horses and horse-racing in New England, i. 50;
in New York and Virginia, 51.
Horse-shoe, of the Tallapoosa River, battle at, vii. 254–257.
Hosack, Dr. David, i. 111.
Hospitals and asylums in 1800, i. 128.
Houston, Samuel, wounded at the Horse-shoe, vii. 256.
Howell, Jeremiah B., senator from Rhode Island, votes against occupying West Florida, vi. 243.
Howick, Lord (Earl Grey), British Foreign Secretary, iii. 407;
his order depriving neutrals of coasting rights, 416–421 (see Orders in Council);
dismissed from office, 421; iv. 79.
Hull, Isaac, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
captain in U. S. navy, commands “Constitution,” vi. 364;
his orders, 364;
chased by a British squadron, 369–371;
captures “Guerriere,” 372–375;
takes command at New York, 383.
Hull, William, governor of Michigan Territory, vi. 292;
appointed brigadier-general, 292, 298;
his advice regarding the defence of Detroit, 296;
his march to Detroit, 298;
his loss of papers, 300;
arrives at Detroit, 301;
invades Canada, 302, 317;
his proclamation, 303;
his required campaign, 311;
decides to besiege Malden, 312–314;
sudden discovery of his danger, 314, 315;
evacuates Canada, 315;
his situation at Detroit, 322–329;
his capitulation, 332, 334;
Jefferson’s opinion of, 336, 398;
his proclamation, vii. 32;
criticised by Harrison, 82;
his court-martial, 414, 416;
sentenced to death, 417.
Humbert, Jean Joseph Amable, French general, a volunteer at the battle of New Orleans, viii. 380.
Humphreys, S. P., captain of the British frigate “Leopard,” iv. 4;
his note to Commodore Barron, 12.
Hunt, Samuel, member of Congress from New Hampshire, ii. 160.
Hunt, Major Seth, sounded by General Wilkinson, iii. 222.
“Hunter,” 10-gun British brig on Lake Erie, vii. 120.
“Hyder Ali,” privateer, viii. 195.

Illinois Territory, population in 1810, i. 289.
Immigration in 1816, ix. 160, 161.
Impeachment (see Pickering and Chase), its political use, i. 256;
Jefferson’s opinion on the use of, ii. 144, 150;
the Senate, in Pickering’s trial, sits as a court of, 153, 154;
the Senate holds insanity no bar to, 155–157;
Giles’s doctrine that the Senate is not a court of, 221, 222;
doctrine of Chase’s counsel that indictable misdemeanors are the only ground for, 223;
Campbell’s doctrine of an inquest of office for, 224;
theory adopted by the House that a mistake in law is ground for, 225;
Hopkinson’s argument on, 231;
Luther Martin’s argument on, 232;
Nicholson’s view of, 233;
Rodney’s view of, 234;
Jefferson’s view of, as a scarecrow, 243;
Chase’s trial fails to decide the nature of, 244;
a farce, iii. 447;
Marshall threatened with, 466.
Imports (see Exports).
Impressment of seamen, ii. 335 et seq., 358, 384, 393, 394, 421, 423;
act of Congress punishing, 397, 420;
severity of, iii. 93, 94;
Monroe instructed to require abandonment of, 400;
Monroe disregards instructions in, 408, 409;
Madison insists on express abandonment of, 422, 429, 432;
Samuel Smith on, 434;
Madison prepares new instructions on, 438;
included in instructions on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 39, 45, 47, 162–164;
British proclamation on, 52, 166;
Jefferson’s intentions on, 144, 164, 353;
not a voice raised in 1809 against, v. 74;
little complaint in 1810, 292;
the House refuses to insist upon in February, 1811, 351, 352;
not expressly mentioned by Pinkney, vi. 18;
or in the annual message, 125;
first made a casus belli in the autumn of 1811, 116–118;
treated by House Committee of Foreign Relations, 134, 135;
mentioned by Grundy, 139;
by Madison’s war message, 222;
only obstacle to peace, 430–432, 450–452;
extent of, 451, 452;
cost and value of, vii. 19;
right of, partially conceded by Monroe’s instructions, 47;
abandonment of, a sine qua non, 47;
Alexander Baring’s remark on, 343;
abandoned by the Cabinet June 27, 1814, as a sine qua non, viii. 122; ix. 32, 33;
insisted upon by Monroe’s instructions of Jan. 28, 1814, ix. 11.
Inaugural Address, first, of President Jefferson, i. 197, 198;
its fame, 199;
its object, 200;
its view of “the strongest government on earth,” 201, 202;
its ideal of government, 202–207;
its deficiencies, 207–209, 212;
second, of President Jefferson, iv. 1–8;
first, of President Madison, v. 1–4;
second, of President Madison, vii. 33, 34.
India, career of Marquess Wellesley in, v. 266.
Indian corn, i. 58; iv. 254.
Indiana Territory, population in 1810, v. 289;
created in 1800, vi. 68;
its dispute about the introduction of slavery, 75;
adopts second grade of territorial government, 76;
admitted into the Union, ix. 119;
extinction of Indian titles in, 170.
(See Harrison).
Indians, in the United States in 1800, i. 4;
Jefferson’s parallel between Indians and conservatives, iii. 4, 6;
cessions of territory in 1805, 14;
relations of the northwestern, with Canada, 15, 16;
of the southwestern with Florida, 16;
in 1810, v. 318;
in the Northwest, vi. 69;
their condition described by Governor Harrison, 69;
trespasses on their territory, 70;
effects of intoxication upon, 71, 72;
murders committed upon, 72, 73;
Jefferson’s policy toward, 73–75;
Harrison’s treaties with, in 1804 and 1805, 75;
Tecumthe and the Prophet, 78;
Jefferson’s refusal to recognize them as a confederated body, 79;
establishment at Tippecanoe Creek, 79–81;
their hostility to cessions of land, 82, 87;
their land-cession of Sept. 30, 1809, 83, 84;
their outbreak imminent in 1810, 85;
outbreak delayed by British influence, 85;
their interview with Harrison, Aug. 12, 1810, 86–88;
government wishes peace with, 89;
of the Six Nations in Upper Canada, wish to remain neutral, 319;
their employment in war by the British, 320;
murders by, 393, 394;
number of, at Frenchtown, vii. 89;
at the River Raisin, 94, 95, 96;
at the siege of Fort Meigs, 104, 106–108;
at the attack on Fort Stephenson, 109–114;
at Amherstburg, 130;
at the battle of the Thames, 137–139;
in the Creek war, 233, 244, 255;
at Talishatchee, 237;
at Talladega, 238;
at the Hillabee towns, 240, 241;
of the Six Nations in Porter’s brigade at Niagara, viii. 37, 39, 40;
in Riall’s army, 41, 44;
British rations furnished to, in Upper Canada, 92;
to be guaranteed in the northwestern territory by treaty, 268; ix. 7, 10, 12;
boundary according to the Treaty of Greenville advanced as a sine qua non at Ghent, 18–20;
boundary abandoned as a sine qua non, 25, 27, 28;
amnesty accepted as a basis of peace, 31, 32;
condition of, in 1816, 170.
(See Treaties.)
Infantry, American, First regiment of, at Fort Massac, iii. 290;
in 1813, (New Jersey), vii. 73;
prisoners from, sent to England for trial, 361;
at Lundy’s Lane, viii. 53;
at Fort Erie, 69.
—— Second, at Natchitoches, iii. 311;
at Fort Bowyer, viii. 316, 322;
capitulates, 384.
—— Third (Mississippi and Missouri Territories), at Mobile, penetrates Creek country, vii. 243;
remains at Mobile, viii. 316, 328, 332.
—— Fourth, ordered to Indiana July, 1811, vi. 92, 93;
arrives, 94;
part of the expedition to Tippecanoe, 96;
losses in the battle, 104;
its share in the battle, 107;
ordered to Detroit, 110;
marches to Detroit, 298;
at the battle of Maguaga, 325;
at the surrender of Detroit, viii. 36, 37.
—— Sixth (New York), prisoners from, sent to England for trial, vii. 361;
at Plattsburg, viii. 100.
—— Seventh (Kentucky), vii. 73;
at New Orleans, viii. 316, 333;
in the night battle, 344–346, 351.
—— Ninth (Massachusetts), part of Scott’s brigade, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 52, 56;
its losses, 63;
its strength at Fort Erie, 68;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 75;
in the sortie from Fort Erie, 76;
recruited in Massachusetts, 235.
—— Eleventh (Vermont), part of Scott’s brigade, viii. 35, 236;
at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 52, 56;
its losses, 63;
its strength at Fort Erie, 68;
in the sortie from Fort Erie, 87.
—— Twelfth, recruited in Virginia, viii. 235.
—— Thirteenth (New York), at Queenston, vi. 345, 349;
prisoners from, sent to England for trial, vii. 361.
—— Fourteenth (Maryland), Winder’s, vi. 359;
at Beaver Dam, vii. 162, 163.
—— Seventeenth (Kentucky), vii. 76, 87;
at the River Raisin, 88, 90, 91, 95;
at Fort Stephenson, 110;
consolidated with the Nineteenth, viii. 36.
—— Nineteenth (Ohio), at Fort Meigs, vii. 107;
a part of Ripley’s brigade, viii. 36;
defend Fort Erie, 75, 77;
in the sortie, 87, 88.
—— Twentieth, recruited in Virginia, viii. 235.
—— Twenty-first (Massachusetts), Ripley’s, at Chrystler’s Field, vii. 188;
part of Ripley’s brigade, viii. 36;
carries the British guns at Lundy’s Lane, 54, 55, 236;
its strength at Fort Erie, 69;
holds Snake Hill, 71, 74;
recruited in Massachusetts, 235.
—— Twenty-second (Pennsylvania), part of Scott’s brigade, viii. 35;
at Lundy’s Lane, 52, 56;
its losses, 63;
its strength at Fort Erie, 68.
—— Twenty-third (New York), part of Ripley’s brigade, viii. 36, 37;
breaks the British left at Lundy’s Lane, 54–56;
its strength at Fort Erie, 69;
holds Snake Hill, 71.
—— Twenty-fifth (Connecticut), part of Scott’s brigade, viii. 35, 236;
at Chippawa, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 51, 56, 58;
its losses, 63;
at Fort Erie, 68.
—— Thirty-third, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.
—— Thirty-fourth, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.
—— Thirty-fifth, recruited in Virginia, viii. 235.
—— Thirty-ninth (Tennessee), ordered to join Jackson vii. 245, 251;
arrives at Fort Strother, 252;
storms Indian breastwork at the Horse-shoe, 255;
its losses, 256;
at Mobile, viii. 316, 328;
sent to the Appalachicola, 330, 333;
left by Jackson at Mobile, 332.
—— Fortieth, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.
—— Forty-fourth (Louisiana), at Mobile, viii. 316, 328;
ordered to New Orleans, 332, 333;
in the night battle, 344–346, 351.
—— Forty-fifth, recruited in Massachusetts, viii. 235.
Infantry, British, First Regiment of (Royal Scots), viii. 39;
in the battle of Chippawa, 41, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 52, 56;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 78;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.
—— Third, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— Fourth, at New Orleans, viii. 347, 353;
in Gibbs’s column, 372, 380.
—— Fifth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— Sixth, reinforces Drummond at Fort Erie, viii. 80;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.
—— Seventh (Fusileers), at New Orleans, viii. 353;
at the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.
—— Eighth (King’s), at York, vii. 154;
at the capture of Fort George, 158;
part of Riall’s army on the Niagara, viii. 39;
in the battle of Chippawa, 41, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 56;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 79;
at Plattsburg, 101.
—— Ninth, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.
—— Thirteenth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— Sixteenth, on the St. Lawrence, viii. 102.
—— Twenty-first, at Baltimore, viii. 169;
in the night battle at New Orleans, 349;
at Villeré’s plantation, 353;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.
—— Twenty-seventh, at Plattsburg, viii. 101, 102.
—— Thirty-seventh, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.
—— Thirty-ninth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— Forty-first, at Malden, vi. 312, 314;
with Brock in the attack on Detroit, 332;
with Brock at Queenston, 348, 349, 351;
with Proctor at the River Raisin, vii. 95;
at the siege of Fort Meigs, 106;
at the assault on Fort Stephenson, 112;
on Barclay’s fleet on Lake Erie, 119;
defeated and captured at the battle of the Thames, 136, 137, 140;
at Lundy’s Lane, viii. 56;
at Fort Erie, 68;
repulsed before Black Rock, 69, 70.
—— Forty-third, at New Orleans, viii. 353;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.
—— Forty-fourth, at the attack on Baltimore, viii. 169;
at New Orleans, 354;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.
—— Forty-ninth, Brock’s regiment, vi. 316;
at Montreal, 317, 338;
at Niagara, 348;
at Queenston, 350;
captures Boerstler, vii. 163;
at Chrystler’s Farm, 190;
at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— Fifty-seventh, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.
—— Fifty-eighth, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.
—— Seventieth, on the St. Lawrence, viii. 102.
—— Seventy-sixth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— Eighty-first, at Plattsburg, viii. 102.
—— Eighty-second, reinforces Drummond at Fort Erie, viii. 80;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.
—— Eighty-fifth, in Ross’s army, viii. 129;
leads the attack at Bladensburg, 141;
its losses, 144;
leads the advance to Baltimore, 169;
leads the advance across Lake Borgne to the Mississippi, 338;
in the night battle of Dec. 23, 1814, 347, 348;
ordered to the west bank, 371;
captures Patterson’s battery, 377;
losses of, 378, 379.
—— Eighty-eighth, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— Eighty-ninth, at Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 190;
with Drummond at Niagara, viii. 46;
at Lundy’s Lane, 51, 52, 56;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 79;
at the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.
—— Ninety-third, in the night battle at New Orleans, viii. 350;
at Villeré’s plantation, 354;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373;
its losses, 376, 380.
—— Ninety-fifth, in the night battle at New Orleans, viii. 347, 348;
at Villeré’s plantation, 354;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 372, 373, 380.
—— Ninety-seventh, reinforces Drummond at Fort Erie, viii. 84, 85, 89.
—— One Hundredth, at the attack on Sackett’s Harbor, vii. 165;
with Riall, viii. 39;
at Chippawa, 41, 43.
—— One Hundred and Second, occupies Eastport, viii. 94.
—— One Hundred and Third, with Riall, viii. 39;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 60;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 72, 75, 76, 78.
—— One Hundred and Fourth, at the attack on Sackett’s Harbor, vii. 168;
in the assault on Fort Erie, viii. 72, 75–78.
—— De Meuron’s regiment, at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
—— De Watteville’s regiment (German), reinforces Drummond, viii. 68;
in the assault on Fort Erie, 72, 74, 75;
Drummond’s report on their disaster, 79;
surprised in the sortie from Fort Erie, 87.
—— Royal Newfoundland, at Malden, vi. 312.
—— First West India (colored), at New Orleans, viii. 354;
employed as skirmishers, 372, 373.
—— Fifth West India (colored) at New Orleans, viii. 354;
in the action on the west bank, 371.
Ingersoll, Charles Jared, author of a tragedy, i. 123;
member of Congress from Pennsylvania, attacks Granger, vii. 400;
criticises Calhoun’s plan for a bank, viii. 253;
calls for previous question on the bank bill, 257, 258;
declares the war successful, 278, 279.
Ingersoll, Jared, ii. 259.
Ingham, Samuel Delucenna, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, opposes Calhoun’s plan of a national bank, viii. 251;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
supports protective tariff, 114;
on committee of internal improvement, 148.
Innis, Judge, iii. 274;
denies Daveiss’ motion against Burr, 278;
humiliated by Daveiss and Marshall, 293.
Inns of New England and New York, i. 21.
Inquisitiveness, American, i. 55.
Insane, the, treatment of, in 1800, i. 128.
Insurance, rates of British marine, in 1814, viii. 197–201; ix. 43.
Interior Department, recommended by Madison, ix. 144.
Internal improvements, Jefferson’s recommendation of a fund for, iii. 2, 346; iv. 364;
his anxiety to begin, iii. 19;
Gallatin’s scheme of, 20;
Gallatin’s report on, iv. 364;
bill for, ix. 149–151;
vetoed, 151, 169.
Invisibles, the, v. 363.
Ireland, coast of, under the dominion of American privateers, viii. 197.
Irving, Peter, editor of the “Morning Chronicle,” i. 121.
Irving, Washington, i. 110;
his “History of New York,” ix. 209–212, 238;
his account of Allston, 214.
Isle aux Noix, British force at, viii. 26.
Isle aux Poix, British base in Lake Borgne, viii. 337, 338.
Izard, George, major-general in U. S. army, his history, vii. 407;
takes command at Plattsburg in May, 1814, viii. 27;
his report on intercourse with the enemy, 93;
fortifies Plattsburg, 97, 98, 108;
suggests moving toward the St. Lawrence, 98;
ordered to move, 98;
his remonstrance, 99;
ordered to Sackett’s Harbor, marches Aug. 29, 1814, 100, 113;
arrives at Batavia, September 27, 114;
his apparent loyalty, 114;
moves on Chippawa, October 13, 115;
his reports of October 16 and 23, 115, 116;
goes into winter quarters, 116;
his mortification, 116;
recommends Brown to command at Niagara, 117;
offers to resign, 117, 118;
his career at an end, 118;
his effectives, 217.

Jackson, Andrew, in 1800, i. 54;
his devotion to Burr, iii. 221, 258;
his unauthorized order of Oct. 4, 1806, to the Tennessee militia, 258;
undertakes the building of boats, etc., for Burr, 274;
to be instructed against Burr, 284;
requires disavowals from Burr, 287;
his letter to Claiborne, 288, 317;
his quarrel with Adair, 288;
at Richmond, attacks Jefferson, 460;
ordered with two thousand men to support the seizure of Florida, vii. 206, 207;
ordered to dismiss his force, 209;
returns to Tennessee, 210, 216;
recalls his force into service, 235;
penetrates northern Alabama, 236;
attacks Talishatchee, 237;
relieves Talladega, 238;
abandoned by his men, 239;
his campaign to Emuckfaw, 245–248;
his treatment of Cocke and Woods, 252, 253;
captures the Horse-shoe, 254–256;
his treaty with the Creeks, 260, 261;
appointed major-general in the U. S. army, 410, 411;
helpless with militia, viii. 219;
his drafts on the Treasury, 283;
appointed to command military district No. 7, 317;
arrives at Mobile Aug. 15, 1814, 318;
attacks Pensacola, 317–330;
occupies Mobile Point, 319, 322;
his proclamations to the people of Louisiana, 324, 325;
his neglect of New Orleans, 325–334;
leaves Mobile November 22, 331;
arrives at New Orleans December 2, 333;
his military resources, 333, 334;
goes down the river December 4, 335;
hurries back to the city December 15, 336;
surprised December 23, 339;
his measures of defence compared with Winder’s, 340–343;
his military resources at New Orleans, 344–346;
his night attack of December 23, 346–351;
his entrenchments, 352, 354, 355;
his artillery, 358, 361;
contrasted with Pakenham, 353;
his lines at New Orleans, 368–371;
his force, 373, 374;
his account of the rout on the west bank, 377, 378;
Adair’s comments on, 379;
contented to let the British escape, 382;
his remarks on the surrender of Fort Bowyer, 384;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88;
his arbitrary conduct at New Orleans, 89.
Jackson, Mrs. F. J. v. 115, 157.
Jackson, Francis James, his reputation, ii. 360; v. 96;
British envoy to Denmark, to demand the delivery of the Danish fleet, iv. 64;
Lord Eldon’s anecdote concerning, 65;
appointed British minister to the United States, v. 97;
his instructions, 99–105;
sails for America, 105;
Gallatin’s expectations from, 111, 117;
arrives at Washington, 115, 116;
his impressions, 117–120;
his negotiation, 120–132;
rupture with, 132;
his anger, 154, 155;
his complaints, 156;
his reception in Baltimore and New York, 157;
discussed before Congress, 176, 178, 179, 182;
his letters from New York and Boston, 212–218;
returns to England, 219;
his treatment by Wellesley, 218, 219, 269, 271, 272;
his influence with the British government, vi. 13;
his account of Pinkney’s “inamicable leave,” 20;
his opinion of Augustus J. Foster, 22;
his death, 22.
Jackson, Jacob, Second Lieutenant of Artillery, commanding at Chickasaw Bluff, iii. 325.
Jackson, James, senator from Georgia, and the Yazoo sale, i. 305; ii. 95, 155, 238;
in the Ninth Congress, iii. 126;
declares in favor of an embargo, 149, 176;
his death, 176.
Jackson, John George, member of Congress from Virginia, ii. 211;
replies to Randolph’s attack on Madison, 215;
attacks Quincy in Congress, iii. 196;
opposes war, iv. 378.
Jackson, William, editor of the “Political Register,” ii. 265;
discloses Yrujo’s attempt to use him, 266.
Jacmel, siege of, i. 385.
“Jacob Jones,” privateer, viii. 195.
Jamaica blockaded by American privateers, vii. 13;
rendezvous for British expedition against New Orleans Nov. 20, 1814, 311, 316, 330.
“Java,” British frigate, her action with the “Constitution,” vi. 385, 386;
effect of capture in England, vii. 15, 16.
Jay, Chief-Justice, i. 108;
sent to England by Washington, ii. 323; vii. 43;
negotiates treaty with Lord Grenville, 326.
Jay’s treaty (see Treaties).
Jefferson, Thomas, describes Virginia roads, i. 13;
his agricultural experience, 32;
his aversion to cities, 59, 138, 147;
his aversion to banks, 65; ii. 131;
his political ideals, i 72, 73, 146, 147, 179;
Federalist opinion of, 80 et seq., 83, 112, 114;
opposed to manufactures, 138;
chief author of the Kentucky Resolutions, 140 et seq.;
leader of the Virginia school, 143;
characteristics of, 144 et seq.;
his political doctrines, 146 et seq., 156;
Thomas Moore’s verses on, 167;
visionary, 170;
his ideas of progress, 178, 179;
personal characteristics, 185 et seq.;
his dress, 187; ii. 366, 405;
social pre-eminence, i. 188;
his inauguration, 191;
his antipathy to Marshall, 192, 194;
purity of his life, 196;
his Inaugural Address, 199 et seq.;
his conception of government, 210 et seq.;
his foreign policy, 214 et seq.;
his Cabinet, 218 et seq.;
his plans for the navy, 222 et seq.;
his treatment of patronage, 224, 294;
his New Haven letter, 226;
his first annual message, 248;
his course with regard to the Judiciary, 255 et seq.;
his abnegation of power, 262;
his power, 266;
his theory of internal politics, 272;
contradictions in his character, 277;
his hopefulness, 307 et seq.;
as a man of science, 310;
his dislike for New Englanders, 310 et seq.;
his letter to Paine, 316;
attacked by Callender, 322;
sensitiveness of, 324;
his relations with Callender, 325 et seq.;
sends Lear to St. Domingo, 389;
ignorant of Bonaparte’s schemes, 403 et seq.;
his eyes opened, 409;
his letter to Dupont de Nemours, 410;
writes to Livingston defining his position with respect to France and Spain, 424;
his annual message, 1802, 427;
ignores the war party, 428;
replies to their demand for papers touching the right of deposit at New Orleans, 430;
quiets the West, 432;
attempts the purchase of New Orleans, 432 et seq.;
his language to Thornton, 436;
prefers Natchez to New Orleans as a seat of trade, 443;
his apparent inconsistency, 443 et seq.;
the essence of his statesmanship, 445;
proposes alliance with England, ii. 1, 78;
instructs Pinckney to offer a consideration to Spain for New Orleans and Florida, 22;
writes a defence of his use of patronage for the Boston “Chronicle,” 82;
his amendment to the Constitution regarding Louisiana, 83;
his letter to Breckinridge on the subject, 84;
to Paine, 86;
draws up a new amendment, 86;
his reply to W. C. Nicholas, 89;
his message Oct. 7, 1803, 92;
his bill for the administration of Louisiana, 119;
his view of the Louisiana treaty and legislation, 130;
requests Congress to enlarge the Mediterranean force, 140;
interview with Burr, 175;
declines to appoint Burr to an executive office, 176;
his knowledge of Federalist schemes, 192;
his confidence in his popularity, 202;
receives the electoral votes of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 204;
his message November, 1804, 206;
his disappointment at the acquittal of Justice Chase, 243;
his authority in foreign affairs, 245;
desires to obtain West Florida, 245;
explains to Senator Breckinridge his course toward Spain, 248;
his plan to obtain West Florida, 249;
instructs Monroe with regard to the Spanish claims, 250;
the harvest season of his life, 252;
sends troops to Natchez, 254;
makes no demand for West Florida when Louisiana is delivered, 256;
declares Mobile within the United States, 263;
entertains Yrujo at Monticello, 266;
his conviction of the power of American commercial interests, 330;
anxious for friendship with England, 342;
his intimacy with Thornton, 347;
his opinion of Bonaparte, 347, 353, 381;
decides to maintain the neutral rights of the United States more strictly, 356;
his social habits, 363;
establishes a new social code, 365;
receives Merry, 366;
invites him to dinner with Pichon, 369;
sends list of impressments to the Senate, 384;
improves his style of dress, 405;
his enemies, 409;
his second inauguration, iii. 1;
his second Inaugural Address, 1–9;
his Cabinet, 10;
result of his Spanish diplomacy, 38, 39;
his letter to Madison respecting Monroe’s mission, 54;
his letter to James Bowdoin respecting the Spanish relations, 57;
writes to Madison respecting procedure with Spain, 61;
suggests a treaty with England, 63;
favors Armstrong’s advice to occupy Texas, 69;
writes to Madison of plan for peaceable settlement by intervention of France, 75;
his memorandum of a Cabinet meeting on Spanish relations, 77;
the turning-point of his second administration, 80;
his conversation with Merry after the British seizures, 101;
his memorandum of the new Spanish policy, 106;
his aversion to war with England, 108;
his annual message, 1805, 111, et seq.;
announces his intention to retire at the close of his term, 119;
his Message applauded by the Federalist press, 129;
his secret Spanish message, 130;
preserves secrecy in Congress, 147;
coerced into sending special mission to England, 150, 152, 433;
conciliates opposition in Congress, 165;
warns Monroe against Randolph, 165;
makes advances to Macon, 167;
Randolph’s attack on, 172, et seq.;
closes American ports to three British cruisers, 200;
his character and position described by Turreau, 205;
asks Bidwell to take the leadership in the House, 207;
his refusal to obey a subpœna, 208, 450;
receives Burr at the White House, 233;
his seeming indifference to Burr’s movements, 266;
his memoranda of the situation, 278;
sends Graham to inquire into Burr’s movements, 281;
orders Wilkinson to use active measures, 284;
issues a proclamation against Burr, 285;
his letter to Secretary Smith regarding naval and military defences, 332;
obliged to proceed against Burr, 336;
and to defend Wilkinson, 341;
his annual message, December, 1806, 345 et seq.;
advocates internal improvements, 346;
would abolish the slave-trade, 347;
signs the Act prohibiting the Slave Trade, 365;
defied by Spain, 388;
his instructions to Monroe and Pinkney regarding the treaty, 401 et seq.;
determined on commercial restrictions, 423;
refuses to submit Monroe’s treaty to the Senate, 430 et seq.;
offers Monroe the government of Orleans Territory, 435;
his letter to Bowdoin about Spanish perfidy and injustice, 436;
designs to impeach Marshall, 447;
his irritation with Marshall and Burr’s counsel, 450, 453;
supports Wilkinson, 456;
his vexation at Burr’s acquittal, 470;
his proclamation on the Chesapeake affair, iv. 30;
preparations for war, 32;
his instructions to Monroe, 39;
the result of his measures of peaceful coercion, 97;
his genius for peace, 130;
his personal friendship for Monroe, 130;
his confidence in his own theory, 138;
domestic opposition to, insignificant, 145 et seq.;
his strength in Congress, 147;
the secret of his success, 148;
his annual message, Oct. 27, 1807, 153;
his influence, 155;
his second message concerning the Burr trial, 156;
his policy as to gunboats, 158;
yields to Canning, 163, 164;
writes an embargo message, 168;
signs the Embargo Act, Dec. 22, 1807, 178;
his entreaties to Rose through Robert Smith, 188–191;
asks Congress for an addition of six thousand men to the regular army, 212;
charged with a subserviency to Napoleon, 228;
issues a proclamation against insurrection on the Canada frontier, 249;
writes a circular letter to State governors respecting the surplus of flour in their States, 252;
writes to Governor Sullivan of Massachusetts to stop importing provisions, 253;
writes to General Dearborn, 256;
his war with the Massachusetts Federalists, 258;
his popularity shattered, 269;
hatred of, in England, 331;
orders Pinkney to offer a withdrawal of the embargo if England would withdraw the Orders in Council, 333 et seq.;
his attitude toward Spain, 339;
decides to propose no new measures in view of his approaching retirement, 356;
his language reported by Pickering, 359;
his last annual message, 361 et seq.;
advocates public improvements, 364;
desires to maintain the embargo until his retirement, 432;
opposition of Joseph Story and others to, 433;
his letter to Thomas Mann Randolph, 442;
signs the act repealing the embargo, 454;
contradictions of his Presidency, 454;
insulted by the address of the Massachusetts legislature, 457;
his failure to overthrow the New England Federalists, 461;
submits in silence to the repeal of the embargo, 462;
his letter to Dearborn revealing his mortification, 463;
decline of his influence, 464;
appoints William Short minister to Russia, 465;
the nomination rejected by the Senate, 466;
his letter to Short, 468;
his style of life and his debts, 469 et seq.;
quits Washington, 472;
his address to his fellow-citizens in Virginia, 473;
Turreau’s anger with, v. 34;
Gallatin’s remarks on, 38, 39;
the “National Intelligencer” on, 75;
Randolph’s remarks on, 78;
Robert Smith’s remarks on, 84;
intermediates with Monroe, 161, 162;
expenditures of his administration, 200, 205, 206;
considered too timid by Robert Smith, vi. 48;
his Indian policy, 69, 73–75, 78, 79, 81;
his opinion of William Hull, 336, 398;
his expectation of the conquest of Canada, 337;
his opinion of Van Rensselaer, 398;
his letter of sympathy with Madison, Sept. 24, 1814, viii. 231, 232;
his letter to Monroe on the capture of Washington, 232;
his letter to Short on the defection of Massachusetts, 233;
his plan for providing a paper currency, 245, 246, 247;
declares that more taxes cannot be paid, 248, 255;
thinks it nonsense to talk of regulars, 263;
thinks that the war would have upset the government, 308;
expects the British to hold New Orleans indefinitely, 309;
describes the want of money in Virginia, ix. 60, 61;
denounces the Judiciary, 188;
reverts to his earlier theories, 192;
satirized by Washington Irving, 210, 211;
results of his theories, 226.
Jesup, Thomas Sidney, acting adjutant-general at Detroit, vi. 329;
major of the Twenty-fifth Infantry, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50–52, 56;
wounded, 58, 63, 65;
at Hartford, reports on the Convention, 298.
Johnson, James, leads attack at the battle of the Thames, vii. 138.
Johnson, Richard Mentor, member of Congress from Kentucky, his argument in favor of the embargo, iv. 266;
opposes war, 376;
favors manufactures, v. 197;
denounces the timidity of Congress, 203;
in the Twelfth Congress, vi. 122;
his war speech, 142;
on the dangers of a navy, 164;
on the treason of opposition, 212;
colonel of Kentucky rangers, vii. 129;
crosses into Canada, 132;
his energy, 137;
wins the battle of the Thames, 138, 139;
returns home, 142;
moves previous question on bank bill, viii. 253;
accepts Giles’s militia bill, 274;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
author of the compensation bill, 120, 121, 136;
moves for committee on the Compensation Act, 144.
Johnson, Justice William, of South Carolina, issues a mandamus to compel the collector to clear certain ships, iv. 263.
Jones, Evan, iii. 300.
Jones, Jacob, captain U. S. navy, commands the “Wasp,” vi. 379;
his action with the “Frolic,” 380;
captured, 381;
takes command of the “Macedonian,” 383.
Jones, John Paul, vii. 6.
Jones, Walter, his letter to Jefferson on dissensions in Madison’s Cabinet, v. 188.
Jones, William, offered the Navy Department in 1801, i. 220;
appointed Secretary of the Navy, vi. 428, 429;
acting Secretary of the Treasury, vii. 43;
recommends legislation to encourage privateering, 336;
his treasury report for 1813, 385;
hostile to Armstrong, 413;
sends Croghan’s expedition to Mackinaw, viii. 32, 33;
favors abandoning impressments as a sine qua non, 122;
goes to navy-yard on the morning of Aug. 24, 1814, 137;
expects British advance through Bladensburg, 138;
permits Barney to go to Bladensburg, 139;
orders the vessels at the navy-yard to be burned, 145;
accompanies the President into Virginia, 150;
causes batteries to be erected on the Potomac, 164;
retires from the Navy Department, ix. 63;
becomes president of the United States Bank, 131.
Judiciary Act of 1801, i. 274 et seq.;
repeal of, moved, 278 et seq., 284 et seq.;
repealed, 298.
Judiciary system, the, Jefferson’s recommendations concerning, i. 255;
attempt to make an elective, iv. 205.
“Junon,” 46-gun British frigate, attacked by gunboats, vii. 270.
Junot, marshal of France, ordered to enter Spain, iv. 117;
marches on Portugal, 119;
enters Lisbon, 120, 121;
capitulates at Cintra, 315.

Keane, John, British major-general, ordered on the New Orleans expedition, viii. 312;
his caution in leading the advance, Dec. 23, 1814, 342;
after the night battle, 352;
commands assaulting column, Jan. 8, 1815, 372;
attacks and is severely wounded, 376.
Keenan, Thomas, member of Congress from North Carolina, iii. 356.
Kempt, ——, major-general in British army commanding brigade at Plattsburg, viii. 102.
Kennedy, Laurence, purser of the “Epervier,” viii. 183.
Kentucky in 1800, i. 2, 43;
Resolutions of 1798, 140 et seq., 205;
enthusiasm for the war, vi. 390;
number of men in the field, 391, 393;
distaste for the regular army, 391, 394;
militia placed under Harrison’s command, vii. 73, 74;
three regiments at Fort Defiance, 78, 80, 86;
march to the Maumee Rapids, 87;
advance to the River Raisin, 88, 90;
massacred or captured, 95–98;
appearance of, 96, 97;
failures of, 101;
brigade of, sent to Fort Meigs, 105;
massacred or captured, 106;
two divisions, under Governor Shelby, invade Canada, 128, 129;
at the battle of the Thames, 139;
State army raised by, viii. 283;
twenty-five hundred militia ordered to New Orleans, 327, 333;
arrive at New Orleans, 367, 368;
ordered to cross the river, 370, 371;
in reserve, 373;
routed, 377, 379;
growth in population, ix. 155.
Kerr, Mr. Lewis, iii. 303.
Key, Philip Barton, ii. 228;
member of Congress from Maryland, iv. 147;
advises a war policy, 374;
favors navigation bill, v. 185.
King, Rufus, American minister in London, i. 109;
sends the treaty of the retrocession of Louisiana to Jefferson, 409; ii. 23, 178 et seq.;
obtains from Pitt a definition of neutral importation, 328, 340;
his negotiations with the British government, 345, 347;
returns with favorable conventions, 358;
opinion of F. J. Jackson and Anthony Merry, 361;
on etiquette, 365;
leaves England, 410;
on the Pierce outrage, iii. 199;
Pickering sends a letter of, to Rose, iv. 234;
candidate for Vice-President, 285;
letters to Pickering, 348, 457;
his supposed opposition to Clinton, vi. 410;
elected senator from New York, vii. 48, 49;
moves inquiry in regard to Gallatin’s mission to Russia, 59;
declares a minister in Sweden to be inexpedient, 62, 63;
reports bill to incorporate a national bank, viii. 257;
defeats Monroe’s conscription, 279, 280;
to be placed in the Presidency, 306;
candidate for the Presidency in 1816, ix. 139;
votes for internal improvements, 151.
Kingsbury, lieutenant-colonel of the First Infantry, arrests Adair, iii. 324.
Kingston, on Lake Ontario, vii. 145;
Armstrong’s plan of attacking, 149;
British garrison at, 150, 151;
Dearborn decides not to attack, 152, 153;
Prevost embarks at, 163, 164;
Wilkinson ordered to attack, 176;
Wilkinson decides to pass, 178;
Armstrong and Wilkinson change opinions regarding, 180–182;
Brown ordered to attack, in February, 1814, viii. 27;
Prevost visits, in October, 1814, 92, 118;
preparations at, for the siege of Sackett’s Harbor, 118, 119.
“Knickerbocker” school of literature, ix. 209–212.

Labouchère, iii. 379; v. 238, 239.
Lacock, Abner, senator from Pennsylvania, opposes the appointment of Dallas to the Treasury, vii. 397;
consents to Dallas’s appointment, viii. 243.
Lacolle River, Wilkinson’s defeat at, viii. 25, 26;
British force at, 26.
Lady “Prevost,” 13-gun British schooner on Lake Erie, vii. 120;
in action, 124;
crippled and captured, 127.
Laffite, Jean, Pierre, and Dominique, of Barataria, viii. 321.
Lambert, Henry, captain of the British frigate “Java,” vi. 385, 386.
Lambert, John, Travels of, a description of New York under the embargo, iv. 278.
Lambert, John, British major-general, ordered on the expedition to New Orleans, viii. 314;
arrives at New Orleans, 367;
commands reserve, 372;
his report of the assault, 376, 377;
recalls Thornton, 380, 381;
escapes, 382;
captures Fort Bowyer, 383–385.
“Landrail,” British cutter captured in the channel, viii. 195, 196.
Langdon, John, of New Hampshire, offered the Navy Department, i. 220;
Jefferson writes to, 330;
nominated for the Vice-Presidency, vi. 214.
Lansdowne, Marquess of, moves for a committee on the Orders in Council, vi. 275;
on British naval success, vii. 17.
Latour, A. Lacarriere, chief engineer to Jackson at New Orleans, reports to Jackson the numbers of the British advance, viii. 343, 344;
lays out lines on the west bank, 370;
his services, ix. 236.
Latrobe, Benjamin H., report on steam-engines, i. 68, 70, 112;
letter of, to Volney, 130;
architect of the Capitol, iv. 152;
rebuilds the capitol, ix. 142, 143.
Lauriston, Marquis de, French ambassador to Russia, v. 418.
Laussat, Pierre Clement, French prefect in Louisiana, ii. 5;
arrives at New Orleans, 10, 13;
defines the boundaries of the Louisiana purchase, 255;
declares the Rio Bravo the western limit of Louisiana, 298; iii. 164;
his account of the situation, 298.
“Lawrence,” Perry’s flagship, vii. 120, 127; viii. 111.
Lawrence, James, captain in U. S. navy, commands “Hornet,” vii. 287;
blockades “Bonne Citoyenne,” 288;
sinks “Peacock,” 289, 290;
his previous career, 291;
commands “Chesapeake,” 291;
his defeat and death, 293–302.
Lawrence, William, major of Second U. S. Infantry, commands Fort Bowyer, viii. 322;
capitulates, 383–385.
Lea, Thomas, i. 257.
“Leander,” British 50-gun frigate, iii. 91, 94;
a shot from, kills John Pierce, 199;
captures “Rattlesnake,” vii. 313.
“Leander,” the, Miranda’s ship, iii. 190.
Lear, Tobias, consul to St. Domingo, i. 389;
quits St. Domingo, 407;
negotiates a treaty with the Pacha of Tripoli, ii. 434;
quoted as authority on the ownership of Florida, vii. 212.
Leavenworth, Henry, major of the Ninth Infantry, viii. 35;
commands right battalion at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 53, 56, 58;
wounded, commands brigade, 63, 65;
his opinion of Brown’s order, 65.
Leclerc, Victor Emmanuel, French general, in command of the expedition against Louverture, i. 378;
seizes Toussaint Louverture, 396;
insults American shipmasters, 407;
reports French losses, 414;
blamed by Napoleon, 416;
his death, 418; ii. 13.
Lee, Charles, counsel for Chase, ii. 228.
Lee, Henry, crippled by Baltimore rioters, vi. 407, 408.
Legal tender, Jefferson’s silence about, in 1814, viii. 247;
not a part of Eppes’s scheme, 248;
denounced by Dallas, 249;
rejected by House of Representatives, 253, 254.
Leib, Michael, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, i. 298; ii. 123, 194, 196 et seq.;
senator from Pennsylvania, v. 181, 189, 191; vi. 229, 243;
votes against Bank Charter, 337;
his political capacity, 364;
in opposition, vii. 48, 59;
his vote on seizing West Florida, 209;
resigns to become postmaster of Philadelphia, 399, 400; ix. 107.
Leipzig, battle of, vii. 355;
news reaches America, 370, 393.
“Leo,” privateer, viii. 196.
Leonard, Nathaniel, captain in First Artillery, surprised and captured in Fort Niagara, vii. 203.
“Leopard,” the, sent to search the “Chesapeake,” iv. 4;
accompanies the “Chesapeake” out to sea, 10;
hails the “Chesapeake,” 11;
fires on the “Chesapeake,” 16;
searches the “Chesapeake,” 19.
Leslie, Charles Robert, ix. 213;
his account of Allston, 215.
“Levant,” 20-gun British sloop-of-war, ix. 74;
captured by the “Constitution,” 75–77;
seized by British squadron in Portuguese waters, 78.
Lewis, Captain, of the “Leander,” v. 265.
Lewis and Clark, expedition of, iii. 12, 215.
Lewis, Morgan, of the Livingston connection, i. 108;
elected in 1804 governor of New York, iv. 283;
appointed major-general, vii. 37, 156;
on the capture of Fort George, 158;
withdraws from Stony Creek, 160;
on Dearborn’s health, 161;
ordered to Sackett’s Harbor, 162, 177;
commands division under Wilkinson, 184;
ill at Chrystler’s Farm, 188, 190;
commands district, 407.
Lewis, William, i. 127.
Lewis, William, colonel of Fifth Kentucky militia, vii. 88, 89, 91;
captured, 96.
Liancourt, Duc de, describes Philadelphia, i. 28, 117;
on the Virginians, 33;
on life in Pennsylvania, 42, 45, 52;
on Virginia culture, 133, 157, 165.
Libraries in 1800, i. 61, 63, 129, 152.
Licenses of trade, British, proposed by Spencer Perceval, iv. 88;
favored by Canning, 92;
prescribed by Orders in Council, 103, 323; v. 59, 64;
scandal of, 273;
debate on, 274, 275;
Canning’s remarks on, 278, 280;
Sidmouth’s conditions on, 281;
Castlereagh proposes to abandon, 221, 282;
to be restricted in the war to New England vessels, vii. 31.
Licenses, Napoleon’s system of, v. 246–249;
promised abandonment of, 392, 393;
continued issue of, 400;
repudiated by Napoleon, 414, 417, 422;
municipal character of, vi. 43;
their continued issue, 54;
extension of, 250.
Lieven, Prince de, Russian ambassador in London, vii. 340;
informs Roumanzoff of Castlereagh’s refusal of mediation, 346, 349;
ordered to renew the offer, 348, 351, 352;
refuses to renew the offer, 353.
Lincoln, Abraham, i. 171.
Lincoln, Levi, Attorney-General, i. 219, 304; ii. 2;
on the acquisition of new territory by the United States, 78;
resigns, iii. 10;
governor of Massachusetts, iv. 416;
declines appointment as justice, v. 359.
Lingan, James Maccubin, killed by Baltimore rioters, vi. 407, 408.
Linn, James, member of Congress from New Jersey, i. 295.
Linn, John Blair, i. 123.
“Linnet,” British 18-gun brig on Lake Champlain, viii. 103;
her armament, 104;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 110.
Liston, Robert, British minister, ii. 340, 367.
Literature, American, in 1800, i. 41, 75 et seq., 93;
in 1817, ix. 175–218, 238.
“Little Belt,” British sloop-of-war, affair of, v. 25–37, 45, 270.
“Little Belt,” 3-gun British sloop on Lake Erie, vii. 120.
Little Warrior of Wewocau, joins Tecumthe, vii. 223;
murders white families on the Ohio, 224;
is put to death, 225.
Livermore, Edward St. Loe, member of Congress from Massachusetts, v. 184.
Liverpool, meeting of merchants at, in September, 1814, viii. 198.
Liverpool, Earl of (Baron Hawkesbury), British Foreign Secretary, ii. 344, 410;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed order, iv. 90;
on American partiality to France, v. 50;
succeeds Castlereagh at the War Department, 263;
his view of American duty, vii. 17, 18;
on the opening negotiations at Ghent, ix. 25–27;
on the utmost point of concession, 31;
on the capture of Washington, 36;
writes to Wellington, 40;
abandons claim to territory, 41.
Livingston, Edward, district-attorney and mayor of New York, i. 233, 205; ii. 259;
at New Orleans, iii. 300;
his speech of 1798, viii. 276.
Livingston, Robert R., aids Fulton’s steamboat, i. 69, 112; iii. 216;
his family connection, i. 108, 109;
offered the Navy Department, 219;
appointed minister to France, 233, 295, 404;
discusses the price of Louisiana, ii. 31;
his claims convention, 46;
his estimate of the importance of the cession of Louisiana, 67;
claims West Florida, 68 et seq.;
his plan of gaining West Florida, 246, 275;
his situation after the treaty, 289;
distrusts Napoleon, 290;
succeeded by Armstrong, 291, 303.
Lloyd, George, lieutenant in the British navy, commanding sloop-of-war “Castilian,” his report on the loss of the “Avon,” viii. 190–192.
Lloyd, James, author of the “Boston Memorial,” iii. 144;
elected to succeed J. Q. Adams as senator from Massachusetts, iv. 242;
senator from Massachusetts, vi. 183;
Randolph’s letter to, on the Hartford Convention, viii. 230;
his reply to Randolph, 306.
Lloyd, Robert, captain of the British seventy-four “Plantagenet,” finds the “General Armstrong” at Fayal, viii. 201;
his report of the destruction of the “General Armstrong,” 202–207, 209.
Loan of 1810, v. 178;
of 1812, for eleven millions, vi. 169;
partial failure of, 207;
of 1813, for twenty millions, 433, 448;
for 1813, of sixteen millions, vii. 44;
for 1814, authorized for twenty-five millions, 389;
threatened failure of, 394;
nine millions obtained in May, viii. 17, 18;
failure of, in July, 1814, 213, 241, 242;
amounts taken in Virginia and Massachusetts, 234;
of eighteen millions, in 1815, for funding treasury notes, ix. 84, 100;
failure of, in 1815, 100–103.
Lockyer, Nicholas, captain of the British sloop-of-war “Sophie,” negotiates with Jean Laffite, viii. 321.
Logan, George, senator from Pennsylvania, iii. 139;
his proposal to prohibit commerce with St. Domingo, 88;
his bill to prohibit trade with St. Domingo, 140;
wishes to set Monroe aside, 152;
an amateur negotiator, iv. 236.
Logan’s Act, ii. 259; iv. 236.
Long, Charles, joint paymaster-general of the forces, v. 58.
Longstreet, Judge, author of “Georgia Scenes,” i. 52.
Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland, resists Napoleon’s decrees, v. 146;
his interview with Armstrong, 147, 148;
threatened by Napoleon, 236, 237, 240;
stipulates seizure of American ships, 240, 274;
abdicates, 242.
Louisiana, ceded by France to Spain in 1763, i. 353;
retrocession asked by Talleyrand in 1798, 357;
retrocession again asked by Bonaparte in 1800, 363–368;
retroceded by Spain to France in the treaty of San Ildefonso, Oct. 1, 1800, 370;
Bonaparte plans an expedition to occupy, 399;
boundaries fixed by Decrès, ii. 5;
commercial relations and sentiments prescribed toward the United States, 8;
ceded by France to the United States, 42;
price of, 45;
importance of cession, 49;
Napoleon’s reasons for selling, 53;
Talleyrand’s explanation of, 55;
treble invalidity of sale, 56;
constitutional question debated in Congress, 96 et seq.;
plans with regard to the status of, 116;
admitted without an amendment, 118;
bill for temporary government of, 120;
Breckinridge’s bill defining boundaries and government, 120 et seq.;
bill defining territorial government of, 125, 130;
Spain protests against sale of, 252 et seq.;
people regarded as unfit for selfgovernment, 399;
they urge the execution of the treaty, 400;
report of Randolph upon their claims, 400;
political effects of purchase of, iii. 17;
boundaries of, 33–35;
disaffection in, 297 et seq.;
dislike of Claiborne’s administration, 299;
admitted to territorial rights, March 2, 1805, 302;
first territorial legislature of, 302–304;
government offered to Monroe, v. 162;
proposed as a kingdom for the French Bourbons, 239;
admitted into the Union, 323–326; vi. 235;
objects of British expedition to, viii. 313, 314;
Nicholl’s proclamation to natives of, 320, 321;
Jackson’s proclamation to people of, 324, 325;
Jackson’s proclamation to free negroes of, 325;
Monroe warns Jackson of expedition to, 326, 327;
population of, 334;
militia in the night battle at New Orleans, 345, 346;
militia in want of arms, 368;
militia placed on the Chef Menteur road, 369;
militia on the west bank, 370, 371;
militia routed, 377, 378;
to be restored to Spain, ix. 4, 6, 8;
Calhoun’s question regarding purchase of, 149, 152.
(See New Orleans.)
“Louisiana,” American 16-gun sloop-of-war at New Orleans, viii. 344;
descends the river, 355;
hauled beyond range of British guns, 356, 359;
not brought into action, Jan. 1, 1815, 361;
supports Jackson’s line, 368;
not in action of Jan. 8, 374.
“Louisianacide,” Napoleon’s, ii. 37.
Louverture, Toussaint, i. 354;
story of, 378 et seq.;
champion of Republican principles, 392;
seized and sent to France, 396;
his dependence on the United States for supplies, 406, 416;
his death, ii. 20.
Lowell, John, his pamphlet on disunion, viii. 5;
on the condition of Massachusetts banks, 15;
favors a separate peace, 289, 290;
on the delegates to Hartford, 291;
on H. G. Otis, 294, 295;
approves report of Convention, 300.
Lowndes, William, i. 151;
member of the Twelfth Congress from South Carolina, vi. 122, 164;
his hostility to non-importation, 205, 234, 445, 448;
opposes compromise of forfeitures, 442;
reports inability to decide between Dallas and Calhoun on a national bank, viii. 252;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107, 108;
his report on the revenue, 112;
chairman of tariff committee, 114.
Ludlow, Augustus C., first lieutenant on the “Chesapeake,” mortally wounded, vii. 295.
Luisa, Queen of Spain, i. 345 et seq.
Lumber trade of New England, depressed in 1815, ix. 97.
Lumley, captain of British 32-gun frigate “Narcissus,” vii. 313.
Lundy’s Lane, Riall advances to, viii. 47;
concentration of forces at, 49, 50;
battle of, 51–64.
Lyman, Theodore, ii. 169; iv. 411.
Lynnhaven Bay, iv. 4, 9.
Lyon, Matthew, member of Congress from Vermont, i. 295;
from Kentucky, his attack on Randolph, ii. 123, 216;
votes against the St. Domingo Bill, iii. 143;
contractor, 175;
favors ships and harbor defences, 180;
with Burr, 220;
favors defence, v. 358.

MacDonnell, G., major in Glengarry Light Infantry, vii. 147.
Macdonough, Thomas, commander in U. S. Navy, commands flotilla on Lake Champlain, vii. 192; viii. 97;
takes position in Plattsburg Bay, 98;
his force, 104, 105;
his previous career, 106;
his forethought in preparing for action, 107;
his victory, 109, 110; ix. 234;
his losses, viii. 111;
his reward, ix. 141, 142.
“Macedonian,” British frigate, capture of, vi. 382, 383;
effect of capture in England, vii. 6, 7, 9, 13, 16;
blockaded at New London, 278, 279, 287, 311;
action with, compared with that of “Endymion,” ix. 68, 69.
Mackinaw (see Michillimackinaw).
Maclay, William, senator from Pennsylvania, his description of Jefferson, i. 185.
MacNeil, John, major of Eleventh U. S. Infantry, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50;
wounded, 52, 63.
Macomb, Alexander, colonel of Third Artillery, commands reserve in Wilkinson’s expedition, vii. 184;
lands on north shore of St. Lawrence, 187;
in the advance, 188, 191;
promoted to brigadier, 409;
takes command at Plattsburg, viii. 100;
his account of the British advance, 103;
his effectives, 217;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88.
Macon, Nathaniel, of North Carolina, i. 149, 261;
chosen Speaker of the House in the Seventh Congress, 267;
Speaker of the Eighth Congress, ii. 95, 123;
opposed to the impeachment of Judge Chase, 150;
Speaker of the Ninth Congress, iii. 128;
reappoints Randolph and Nicholson on the Committee of Ways and Means, 128;
Jefferson’s advances to, 167;
defeats Bidwell’s amendment by his casting vote, 360;
retires from his office, iv. 153;
letter on the opinions prevailing at Washington, 368;
declares that the embargo is the people’s choice, 421, 453;
votes with Federalists, v. 182;
his bill for excluding British and French shipping, 183, 184;
bill defeated by Senate, 185, 191, 193;
Samuel Smith’s motives for defeating, 185–188, 192, 193;
his bill No. 2, 194, 195;
adopted by Congress, 197, 198;
his remark on manufacturing influence, 197;
his speech on reducing the army and navy in 1810, 201;
his bill admitting the State of Louisiana, with West Florida, into the Union, 323–326;
not candidate for Speaker, vi. 123, 124;
his account of the opinions prevailing at Washington, 129;
supports war, 145;
his remark on France and England, 196;
his remarks on the repeal of the restrictive system, vii. 377, 378;
favors legal-tender paper, 389; viii. 253, 254;
senator from North Carolina, ix. 108.
MacRee, William, lieutenant-colonel of artillery, at New Orleans, viii. 345.
Madison, Mrs., iii. 152;
her remarks on Congress, vii. 379, 380.
Madison, Bishop, of Virginia, i. 186.
Madison, James, and the Virginia Resolutions, i. 140 et seq., 148, 177;
personal characteristics of, 188 et seq.;
appointed Secretary of State, 218;
makes no removals in the Department of State, 236;
distrust of, 248, 261;
a commissioner in the Yazoo sale, 304, 322, 332;
instructions of, respecting the retrocession of Louisiana, 405;
asks Pichon to remonstrate with Leclerc, 408;
writes to Livingston, 423, 426;
his orders to Pinckney, 427, 433;
invokes Pichon’s aid, 438, 439, 441;
writes instructions for Livingston and Monroe, ii. 2;
conversation with J. Q. Adams respecting the Louisiana treaty, 117;
favors Yazoo compromise, 211;
instructs Monroe to bargain with Spain for West Florida, 248, 251;
explains the failure to demand West Florida, 256;
sends the ratified claims convention to Madrid, 260, 278, 279;
hopes to be relieved of Yrujo, 267;
communicates with Livingston respecting West Florida and Yrujo, 262;
attempts to cajole Turreau, 273;
Turreau’s description of, 274;
compromised by Pinckney, 276;
recalls Pinckney and hurries Monroe to Spain, 286;
denies that the Government aids desertion of seamen, 345;
communications to Thornton, 362;
proposes a convention with regard to impressments and the blockade, 385;
remonstrates with Merry respecting impressments, 393;
remains Secretary of State in Jefferson’s second administration, iii. 10;
writes to Jefferson respecting the claim to West Florida, 55, 60;
his letter to Jefferson concerning Monroe’s failure at Madrid, 59;
proposes negotiations and diplomacy, 70;
his character as a diplomatist, 74;
his pamphlet, “Examination of the British doctrine,” 102, 110;
to be Jefferson’s successor, 120;
his altercation with Casa Yrujo, 185 et seq.;
his complication with Miranda, 190 et seq.;
Turreau demands an explanation from, 195;
imposes impossible conditions on Monroe, 402;
writes to Jefferson respecting the new instructions to Monroe, 438;
arranges with Rose a “bridge” for Jefferson, iv. 191;
sends his last reply to Rose, 196;
notifies Erskine that the “Chesapeake” affair has lost consequence, 199;
the caucus for, in Virginia and Washington, 226;
elected President, 287;
sends Armstrong instructions in response to Champagny’s letter of Jan. 15, 1808, 305;
his anger with Perceval’s order of April 11, 1808, 327;
threatens a declaration of war, 386;
his opponents in Congress, 428;
inaugurated, 472; v. 1;
his Inaugural Address, 2, 3, 4;
offers the Treasury to Robert Smith, 7, 379;
appoints Robert Smith Secretary of State, 8;
his Cabinet, 9, 10;
nominates J. Q. Adams to Russia, 11;
his letter to Erskine accepting settlement of the “Chesapeake” affair, 68–70, 89;
issues proclamation renewing intercourse with England, 73, 74;
his views of the change in British policy, 75, 76, 81, 83;
his message of May 23, 1809, 76, 77;
his popularity, 80, 85, 86;
on the disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 112;
revives non-intercourse against England, 114;
his negotiation with F. J. Jackson, 117, 122–132;
described by Jackson, 120;
his message of Nov. 29, 1809, 176, 177;
special message of Jan. 3, 1810, asking for volunteers, 179;
his opinions of Samuel and Robert Smith, 186;
dissensions in his cabinet, 188;
remarks on the experiment of unrestricted commerce, 210, 211;
his reply to Napoleon’s note on the right of search and blockade, 250;
his anger at Napoleon’s confiscations, 292;
his instructions of June 5, 1810, to Armstrong on Champagny’s reprisals, 293, 294;
his devotion to commercial restrictions, 293, 295;
his instructions of July 5, 1810, to Armstrong requiring indemnity, 295, 296, 297, 299;
his decision to accept the conditions of Champagny’s letter of August 5, 296, 301;
revives non-intercourse against Great Britain, 303, 304;
takes military possession of West Florida, 308–312, 318;
his supposed character, 310;
his annual message of Dec. 5, 1810, 314, 317–319;
asks authority to take possession of East Florida, 327;
appoints commissioners for East Florida, 327;
decides to enforce the non-intercourse against Great Britain, 347;
his doubts regarding Napoleon’s folly, 350;
his irritation at Smith’s proposed inquiry from Serurier, 350, 351;
offers the State Department to Monroe, 366, 372, 374;
his parting interview with Robert Smith, 375–377;
his anger with Smith, 378;
his translation of bien entendu, 387, 388;
his success in maintaining his own system in the Cabinet, vi. 61, 62;
his discontent with Napoleon’s conduct, 63, 64, 125, 187, 218, 224;
his orders to maintain peace with the northwestern Indians, 88, 93;
his attitude toward war with England, 118, 125, 129, 131, 175, 196, 197, 213;
his annual message of Nov. 5, 1811, 124;
entertains Crillon, 179, 185;
his message communicating Henry’s papers, 181;
his embargo message, 193, 198, 199;
his comments on the conduct of the Senate, 203;
sustains non-importation, 205;
renominated for the Presidency, 214;
perplexed by the French decrees, 218;
his letter to Barlow threatening war on France, 218, 259;
his view of the “immediate impulse” to war with England, 220, 226;
his war message, 221–226;
signs declaration of war, and visits departments, 229;
his measures regarding East Florida, 237, 239, 241, 243;
his remarks on Napoleon’s Russian campaign, 265;
his remarks in August, 1812, on the Canadian campaign, 337;
re-elected President, 413;
wishes Monroe to command western army, 419, 420, 425;
his annual message of 1812, 430–433;
his “fair calculation” on Napoleon’s success, vii. 2;
his message on British “demoralizing and disorganizing contrivances,” 31, 32;
his second Inaugural Address, 33;
his relations toward Gallatin and Monroe, 39;
consents to Gallatin’s departure, 42, 43;
his annual message, May 25, 1813, 53, 54;
dangerous illness of, 55, 58;
his reply to the Senate in regard to Gallatin’s absence, 59, 60;
his skill in overthrowing an enemy, 64;
goes to Montpelier, 70;
his annual message of Dec. 7, 1813, 365, 366;
his embargo message of Dec. 9, 1813, 367, 368, 372, 392;
accepts Castlereagh’s offer of direct negotiation, 371;
nominates commissioners and a Secretary of the Treasury, 371;
his obstinacy, 372, 393;
abandons system of commercial restrictions, 373, 374, 379;
causes of his abandonment of commercial restrictions, 373, 374, 377, 394, 395;
his language about Napoleon, 392;
appoints G. W. Campbell Secretary of the Treasury, 396, 397;
appoints Richard Rush attorney-general, 398;
appoints R. J. Meigs postmaster-general, 401;
overcomes his party enemies, 402;
his dislike of Armstrong, 405, 406, 414;
offended by Armstrong’s letter appointing Andrew Jackson a major-general, 410, 411;
his court-martial on William Hull, 415–417;
his mode of resisting usurpations on State rights, viii. 8;
irritated by Armstrong’s neglect to defend Washington, 121;
calls a cabinet meeting, June 23, 1814, 121;
selects General Winder to command at Washington, 122;
calls for militia, 131, 132;
reviews the army at the Old Fields, 134;
goes to Winder’s headquarters at eight o’clock on the morning of August 24, 137;
arrives on the battle-field at Bladensburg, 140;
his movements, August 24–27, 149–151, 156, 157, 300; ix. 21;
charges Monroe with the war department in Armstrong’s absence, viii. 158;
his interview with Armstrong, August 29, 160, 161;
greatly shaken by the capture of Washington, 160, 230, 231;
appoints Monroe Secretary of War, 163;
his unpopularity, 229, 230;
his disappointments, 237, 238;
his annual message of Sept. 20, 1814, 239, 240;
vetoes bill for incorporating a national bank, 260;
to be coerced into retiring, 306, 309; ix. 3, 4;
characterized by the London press, ix. 2–6;
decides to omit impressment from treaty, 33;
Lord Liverpool’s remark on, 36;
sends treaty of peace to the Senate, 58;
recommends preparation for war, 82, 83;
his annual message of 1815, 105, 106;
his annual message of 1816, 143, 144;
his veto of internal improvements, 151, 169, 192, 220;
his retirement, 153.
Maguaga, battle of, vi. 325.
“Maidstone,” 36-gun British frigate, vii. 266.
Mail routes in 1800, i. 15;
in 1816, ix. 170, 171.
Maine, District of, a part of Massachusetts, i. 20;
boundary of, disputed, ii. 358, 383, 392; viii. 4, 94, 95;
two counties of, occupied by British expedition in 1814, viii. 95, 96, 267, 272; ix. 17;
portion of, demanded by Great Britain, viii. 268, 287;
concessions proposed by Governor Strong, 288;
territory of, required by England, ix. 8;
cession assumed by the uti possidetis, 10;
claimed at Ghent, 19, 25;
claim partially abandoned, 34, 35;
claim rejected, 37;
claim wholly abandoned, 42, 52;
relative prosperity of, 155, 157, 160.
Maitland, General, at St. Domingo, i. 385.
“Majestic,” 56-gun British frigate, intercepts the “President,” ix. 64, 66, 67.
Malbone, Edward G., i. 149;
his painting, ix. 214, 215.
Malden, British trading post on the Detroit River, vi. 73, 80, 85, 300;
to be besieged by Hull, 303, 314;
British force at, 312, 313;
evacuated by Proctor, vii. 130, 131;
occupied by Harrison, 132;
in the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 34.
Malmesbury, Lord, patron of F. J. Jackson, iv. 64.
“Mammoth,” privateer, in British waters, viii. 196.
Manhattan Company of New York city, i. 65, 70.
Manners and morals, American, in 1800, i. 48 et seq.
Manners, William, captain of the British sloop-of-war “Reindeer,” his action with the “Wasp,” viii. 186–188.
Mannheim, proposed Congress at, vii. 373.
Manufactures in New England in 1800, i. 22;
growth of, in 1809–1810, v. 15–19;
political influence of, 197;
protection of, 319;
stimulated by the war, viii. 34;
depressed by the peace, ix. 95, 96;
protection of, recommended by Madison, 105;
protective tariff recommended by Dallas, 106;
Dallas’s scheme for protecting, 111, 112;
protection opposed by Randolph, 112, 113;
protective tariff of 1816, 114–116;
value of, 160.
Marblehead, privateersmen from, vii. 337.
Marbois, Barbé, favors the cession of Louisiana, ii. 26;
removed from office, iii. 371–374.
Marbury against Madison, case of, ii. 145 et seq.
Maret, Hugues Bernard, Duc de Bassano, Napoleon’s secretary, v. 143;
succeeds Champagny as Minister of Foreign Affairs, 401;
his report to Napoleon of March 10, 1812, vi. 216, 253;
his negotiation with Joel Barlow, 248–263;
his instructions to Serurier of October, 1811, on the revocation of the decrees, 248, 249;
communicates Decree of St. Cloud to Barlow and Serurier, 255–257;
his instructions to Dalberg, 260;
invites Barlow to Wilna, 263;
dismisses his guests, 264.
Marietta, Ohio, in 1800, i. 2.
Marlboro, in Maryland, Ross camps at, Aug. 22, 1814, viii. 130;
returns to, Aug. 26, 148.
Marmont, Marshal, his story of Decrés, v. 222.
Marriatt, Joseph, his pamphlet in 1808, iv. 333.
Marshall, Humphrey, of Kentucky, i. 268;
on W. H. Harrison, vi. 107.
Marshall, John, Chief-Justice, i. 133;
Jefferson’s antipathy to, 192;
personal characteristics of, 193;
detests Jefferson, 194;
his constitutional views, 256;
his influence on Story, 260;
his opinion of Jefferson, 262;
his appointment obnoxious to Jefferson, 275, 290; ii. 145;
fear of his decisions, i. 298; ii. 143;
opinion of, respecting the powers of Government in the Louisiana case, ii. 125;
his decision in the Marbury case, 146;
his decision in the Yazoo case, 214;
his definition of treason in the case of Bollman and Swartwout, iii. 340, 443;
presides over the trial of Burr, 442;
refuses to commit Burr for treason, and rebukes the Government for laxity in procuring proof, 445;
threatened with removal from office, 447;
and impeachment, 466, 470, 471;
his alleged sympathy with Burr, 461;
his decision in the Burr trial, 467 et seq.; iv. 147;
menaced in Jefferson’s annual message of 1807, 155;
Jefferson’s desire to punish, 205;
his decision in the case of the United States v. Fisher et al., 270;
inclines to Pickering’s view of Jefferson, 348;
his judicial opinions, ix. 188–191.
Martin against Hunter’s Lessee, Story’s opinion in case of, ix. 190–192.
Martin, Luther, Chase’s counsel, his view of impeachment, ii. 223, 227, 231;
Burr’s counsel, iii. 444;
attacks Jefferson, 449;
angers Jefferson, 453;
his speech in the Burr trial, 465.
Maryland, her electoral vote, vi. 406, 413;
affected by the blockade, vii. 264;
Admiral Cockburn’s operations against the shores of, 265–269;
election of 1814, viii. 228;
creates a State army, 282;
growth of population, ix. 155, 161;
increase of wealth in, 163.
Mason, Armistead, succeeds Giles as senator from Virginia, ix. 107.
Mason, George, i. 133.
Mason, Jeremiah, elected senator from New Hampshire, vii. 48;
votes against a mission to Sweden, 63;
his speech against Giles’s bill for drafting militia, viii. 271;
votes for internal improvements, ix. 151.
Mason, John Thomson, declines appointment as attorney-general, iii. 11; iv. 168.
Mason, Jonathan, iv. 411;
his letter to Nicholas on the alternative to disunion, viii. 306, 307.
Massa, Duc de, letter from, v. 347.
Massac (see Fort Massac).
Massachusetts, population of, in 1700 and 1800, i. 20;
valuation of, 23;
society of, in 1800, 76;
political divisions of, 76, 82;
suffrage in, 86;
intellectual activity of, 93;
separatist tendency in, 138;
judicial tenure in, 256;
Jefferson’s conception of, 310, 315, 329;
the necessary head of a New England Confederation, ii. 163;
election of May, 1804, 163;
political apathy in, 165–168, 170;
chooses republican electors in 1804, 201, 204;
anxiety for settlement of eastern boundary, 392;
militia of, iv. 210;
feelings of, toward Virginia in 1808, iv. 409–420, 433;
proceedings of legislature in February, 1809, 416;
address of legislature in March, 1809, 456;
“Patriotick Proceedings” of, in 1809, 458, 459;
tonnage of, v. 15;
manufactures of, 17–19;
resolutions of legislature regarding F. J. Jackson, 214;
election of 1810, 215;
republican control of, in 1810 and 1811, vi. 115;
Federalists recover control in 1812, 204;
gives trouble to Dearborn, 305;
refuses obedience to call for militia, 309;
temper of, in 1812, 399–402;
federalist majority in the elections of 1812, 413;
disaffection of, vii. 33;
election in April, 1813, 50;
delays action, 52;
reports and resolutions of legislature in 1813, 64–66;
banks of, their condition and influence, 386–389;
expression of legislature in January, 1814, viii. 2, 3;
blockaded April 25, 1814, 3;
in danger from both sides, 4;
town meetings in January, 1814, 5–7;
report of legislature on a New England Convention, Feb. 18, 1814, 8;
election in April, 1814, 9–11, 13;
prosperity in 1814, 14;
expressions of clergy, 20–23;
regular troops in, vii. 284; viii. 95, 316;
territory of, occupied, 95, 96;
object of, in dependence on militia, 220;
places militia under State major-general, 221; ix. 160;
“dangerous and perplexing” situation of, viii. 222–224;
calls a New England Convention at Hartford, 225–227, 287;
election of November, 1814, a federalist triumph, 228, 288, 289;
Jefferson’s remark that Virginia got no aid from, 233;
money furnished by, 233–235;
men furnished by, 235, 236;
moral support furnished by, 236, 237;
arrears of internal taxes in, 255, 256;
legislature of, refuses to co-operate in expelling enemy from Maine, 272, 304;
creates a State army of ten thousand men, 272, 282;
her delegation to the Hartford Convention, 290–292;
accepts the report of the Hartford Convention, 295, 301;
banks refuse to lend money to the State, 302;
suspends organization of State army, 303;
disunion sentiment of, 305–308;
her indifference to the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 16, 45;
alone interested in the obstacles to a treaty, 49;
election of April, 1815, 92;
interests affected by peace, 95, 97;
suffers from Dallas’s arrangements, 98–103;
election of April, 1816, 133;
legislature denounces Compensation Act, 137;
in Presidential election of 1816, 139.
Massassinway, council at, vi. 111.
“Matilda,” privateer, captured, vii. 330.
Matthews, George, appointed commissioner to take possession of East Florida, vi. 237;
his proceedings, 238–240;
disavowed, 240–242.
McArthur, Duncan, colonel of Ohio militia, vi. 298, 326, 328, 332, 334;
brigadier-general, vii. 128.
McClure, George, brigadier-general of New York militia, commands at Niagara, vii. 200;
evacuates Fort George and burns Newark, 201, 202.
McDonald, William, captain in Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, on Ripley’s staff, his account of the battle of Lundy’s Lane, viii. 55, 57.
McDonogh, P., lieutenant of artillery in Fort Erie, viii. 76.
McFarland, D., major of Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50;
wounded, 52, 63.
McKean, Thomas, Governor of Pennsylvania, i. 228; iii. 210;
declines to remove Judge Brackenridge, ii. 196, 259.
McKee, John, vi. 237.
McLean, John, member of Congress from Ohio, ix. 107.
McQueen, Peter, half-breed Creek Indian, visits Pensacola, vii. 228;
attacked at Burnt Corn, 229;
captures Fort Mims, 229–231;
claims forty-eight hundred gun-men, 233;
escapes to Florida, 257.
McRae, Alexander, counsel for Burr, iii. 445.
McRee, William, major of engineers, advises Brown to move against Riall, viii. 47;
directs entrenchments at Fort Erie, 67, 76; ix. 235.
Meade, lieutenant of the British frigate “Leopard,” iv. 12.
Meade, Cowles, governor of Mississippi Territory, iii. 304;
arrests Burr, 326.
Meade, William, bishop of Virginia, i. 193.
Mecklenburg, Grand Duchy of, closes its ports to American commerce, v. 413.
Mediterranean Fund, the, ii. 141; iii. 137, 182, 183.
Meigs, Return Jonathan, appointed postmaster-general, vii. 401.
“Melampus,” British frigate, iv. 2, 23; vi. 25.
Melville, Viscount, First Lord of the Admiralty, iii. 235, 238.
“Menelaus,” British frigate, engaged in house-burning on the Potomac, viii. 164;
off Sassafras River, 165.
Merry, Anthony, appointed British minister to the United States, ii. 360;
his arrival and reception by Jefferson, 361 et seq., 380, 381, 390;
dines at the White House, 369;
affronted and declines the President’s invitations, 375;
union of, with Burr, 390;
writes to his Government on the boundary question, 392;
remonstrates with Madison respecting the enlistment of deserters, 393;
receives a message from Burr, 395;
inquires meaning of impressment act, 397, 398;
communicates Burr’s plan to his Government, 403;
his instructions in November, 1804, 422–424;
writes to his Government concerning the failure of the Spanish mission, iii. 96;
his account of Madison’s conversation, 98;
of Jefferson’s, 101;
his report of the sensation produced by the seizures, 109;
informs his Government respecting the Non-importation Resolutions, 150;
takes Yrujo’s part, 188;
his report to his Government of the apprehensions of the Americans, 198;
advises Fox against concessions, 202;
upholds Burr, 219;
alarmed by the publicity of Burr’s schemes, 226;
confers with Burr respecting his journey to the west, 230 et seq.;
recalled by Fox, 250;
his last interview with Burr, 250;
Jackson’s allusions to, v. 118–121.
Message, annual, of 1801, i. 248–263;
annual, of 1802, 427–429;
special, of Dec. 22, 1802, on violation of the right of deposit, 430;
annual, of 1803, ii. 92;
special, of March 20, 1804, on the loss of the frigate “Philadelphia,” 140;
special, of Feb. 3, 1803, inviting the impeachment of Judge Pickering, 143;
special, of Dec. 21, 1803, on the Spanish claims, 259;
annual, of Nov. 8, 1804, 206–208, 263;
annual, of 1805, iii. 111 et seq., 128, 129;
special, on Spanish relations, Dec. 6, 1805, 115–118, 130 et seq.;
special, on British spoliations, 145;
referred, 146;
annual, of 1806, 329, 345;
special, of Jan. 22, 1807, on Burr’s conspiracy, 337;
annual, of 1807, iv. 149, 150, 153–156;
special, of Nov. 23, 1807, on the failure of Burr’s trial, 156;
special, of Dec. 18, 1807, recommending an embargo, 168–170, 228, 229;
special, of Feb. 25, 1808, recommending an increase of the regular army, 212;
special, of March 22 and 30, 1808, communicating papers relating to England and France, 218;
annual, of Nov. 8, 1808, 361, 364;
first annual, of President Madison, May 23, 1809, v. 76;
annual, of Nov. 29, 1809, 176–178;
special, of Jan. 3, 1810, asking for volunteers, 179;
annual, of Dec. 5, 1810, 317–319;
special, of Feb. 19, 1811, on the revocation of the French decrees, 347, 348;
annual, of Nov. 5, 1811, vi. 124–126;
special, of March 9, 1812, communicating John Henry’s papers, 181;
special, of April 1, 1812, recommending an embargo for sixty days, 198;
of April 24, 1812, asking for two assistant Secretaries of War, 206;
of June 1, 1812, recommending a declaration of war with England, 221–226;
annual, of Nov. 4, 1812, 430–433;
special, of Feb. 24, 1813, on British licenses of trade with New England, vii. 31, 32;
annual of May 25, 1813, 53, 54;
annual of Dec. 7, 1813, 365; ix. 5;
special of Dec. 9, 1813, asking for an embargo, vii. 367, 368, 372;
special of March 31, 1814, recommending abandonment of commercial restrictions, 373, 374;
annual of Sept. 20, 1814, viii. 239;
veto, of Jan. 30, 1815, on the bill to incorporate the United States Bank, 260;
special, of Feb. 20, 1815, transmitting treaty of peace, ix. 82;
annual, of Dec. 5, 1815, 105;
annual, of Dec. 3, 1816, 143, 144;
special, of March 3, 1817, vetoing bill for internal improvements, 151.
“Messenger,” stallion, i. 51.
Mexico, Jefferson’s language to, iv. 340, 341.
Michigan Territory, iii. 176;
population in 1810, v. 289.
(See Detroit.)
Michillimackinaw, Island of, vi. 294;
captured by British expedition, 314, 320;
Croghan’s expedition against, viii. 32;
demanded by British at Ghent, ix. 34.
Milan Decree (see Decrees).
Militia, condition of, in 1808, iv. 210, 213;
appropriation for, 224;
constitutional power of Congress over, vi. 159, 160, 400;
Cheves’s opinion on the war power, 160;
act authorizing call for one hundred thousand, 204, 390;
refuses to cross the frontier, 351, 352, 360;
of Kentucky, 391, 393 (see Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Washington City);
praised by political parties, viii. 217;
system a failure in 1814, 217–219;
tainted with fraud, 219;
intended for overthrowing the national government, 220;
of Massachusetts and Connecticut withdrawn from national service in September, 1814, 220, 221;
of Vermont refused for defence of Plattsburg, 222;
views of the Massachusetts Senate regarding, 226;
Monroe’s complaints of, 264;
Monroe’s scheme for drafting from, 265, 266;
Giles’s bill for raising eighty thousand by draft, 269–280;
Troup’s opinion of, 274;
Madison’s recommendation for, ix. 105.
Mill, James, his reply to Spence and Cobbett, iv. 329.
Milledge, John, Governor of Georgia, and the Yazoo sale, i. 305.
Miller, James, lieutenant-colonel of Fourth U. S. Infantry, at Detroit, vi. 326, 328;
appointed colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry, viii. 36;
at Lundy’s Lane, captures the British guns, 54, 55, 60;
promoted to brigadier, takes command of Scott’s brigade, 87;
carries British battery in sortie from Fort Erie, 87, 88.
Miller, John, colonel of Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, leads sortie at Fort Meigs, vii. 107.
Miller, Morris S., member of Congress from New York, on the States taking care of themselves in 1814, viii. 276.
Miller, Samuel, captain of marines, at Bladensburg, viii. 143.
Minor of Natchez, iii. 224, 225, 315.
Mint, opposition to, i. 299; ii. 77.
Miranda, Francesco de, his plans to revolutionize Colombia, iii. 189 et seq.;
distrusted by Burr, 189, 238;
visits Washington, 190;
his letter to Madison, 191;
sails, 191;
defeated by the Spaniards, 209;
returns to New York, 238.
Mirò, Governor, iii. 269.
Mississippi, district of, created, ii. 257.
Mississippi militia, with Jackson at Mobile, viii. 328;
at New Orleans, 333, 337, 344–346.
Mississippi River, British right of navigating, under the treaty of 1783, ix. 44–46, 52.
Mississippi Territory, admitted into the Union, ix. 119.
Mitchell, D. B., Governor of Georgia, vi. 242.
Mitchill, Dr. Samuel L., i. 69, 93, 110;
in the Seventh Congress, 264;
in the Eighth Congress, ii. 153, 218, 238;
senator from New York, iii. 126, 139, 430, 431.
Mobile, intended to be seized at the outbreak of the war, vii. 206, 207;
Congress authorizes seizure of, 208, 209;
Gallatin’s remonstrance against seizure of, 211–213;
Armstrong orders seizure of, 213, 214;
Wilkinson takes possession of, 217;
Vice-Admiral Cochrane recommends expedition to, viii. 311;
Andrew Jackson arrives at, Aug. 15, 1814, 319, 320;
Jackson waits at, 320–331;
Jackson leaves for New Orleans, Nov. 22, 1814, 331–333.
Mobile Act, annexing Mobile to the Union, ii. 255, 257, 260–263, 291, 293, 304, 380; vi. 236;
criticised by Cevallos, iii. 25;
explained by Jefferson, 56;
Randolph’s explanation of, 163.
“Modern Chivalry,” i. 125.
“Mohawk,” British sloop-of-war, vii. 266.
Mollien, Nicholas François, appointed Minister of the Treasury by Napoleon, iii. 371.
Money, Captain, of the British ship “Trave,” commands sailors at the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, wounded, viii. 379.
Monroe, James, and the Callender scandal, i. 325;
nominated minister extraordinary to France and Spain, 433;
accepts, 436;
his language to Pichon, 440;
his instructions, 442;
sails for France, ii. 1;
his arrival in France, 26;
illness of, in Paris, 39;
his draft of claims convention, 41;
his share in the negotiation, 50;
under the influence of other men, 67;
commissioned to negotiate with Spain for West Florida, 248;
takes Rufus King’s place in London, 275, 288, 410;
distrusts Livingston, 289;
returns to Paris, 292, 301;
is instructed to insist upon the right to West Florida, 301;
writes to Talleyrand, 304;
starts for Madrid, 307, 422;
receives answer from Talleyrand, 313;
in ignorance of Pitt’s schemes, 419;
interview with Lord Harrowby, 420;
warns the President to expect a change in British policy, 422;
envoy extraordinary to Spain, arrives in Madrid Jan. 2, 1805, iii. 23;
his correspondence with Cevallos, 23–36;
his letter to Armstrong, March 1, 1805, threatening a quarrel with France, 30;
leaves Spain, 37;
adopts Armstrong’s views, 40;
returns to London, 42, 47;
intends to return home in November, 1805, 43;
expects a change in British policy, 43;
negotiations with Mulgrave, 47;
advises the President to press on England and France at once, 49;
his Spanish failure discussed in Cabinet, 58, 65–67;
favored by Randolph for the Presidency, 122, 166;
affected by Senate scheme for a special mission, 150–152;
warned by Jefferson against Randolph, 165;
has his first interview with Fox, 393;
hurt by the appointment of Pinkney as his associate, 400, 414;
his instructions regarding the treaty, 400 et seq.;
disregards instructions, and signs treaty, 408 et seq.;
embarrasses Jefferson by his treaty, 411, 434;
his letter to Colonel Taylor of Caroline defending his treaty, 413;
unfortunate in diplomacy, 415;
negotiates with Canning with regard to the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 42 et seq.;
leaves London, 51;
warns Jefferson of danger from England, 71;
sails for home, 128;
Jefferson’s friendship for, 129;
Pickering’s opinion of, 130;
reaches Washington, Dec. 22, 1807, 183;
goes into opposition, 194;
caucus for, 226, 284;
his letter to Nicholson on support asked for the embargo, 346;
Madison’s advances to, v. 159, 161, 162;
his state of mind, 162;
offered the State Department, 366;
his acceptance and policy, 368–374;
takes charge, 380;
Secretary of State, April 1, 1811, vi. 50;
his sensitiveness about the title to West Florida, 38;
his reply to Foster’s protest against the seizure of Florida, 38, 39;
blames Jonathan Russell for questioning the revocation of the French decrees, 42;
asserts the revocation of the French decrees, 42, 43;
abandons task of reconciliation with England, 44;
requires revocation of the Orders in Council, 45;
delays Barlow’s departure, 50;
his remonstrances to Serurier about Napoleon’s conduct, 51, 54, 188, 189, 194, 195, 200, 217;
his remarks on protection accorded to commerce, 58;
his acceptance of Madison’s policy, 59–61;
affirms to Foster the repeal of Napoleon’s decrees, 65;
his letter of June 13, 1812, to John Taylor of Caroline, 66;
his language to Serurier, in October, 1811, 120;
informs Serurier in November of executive plan, 129;
agrees to assist the independence of Spanish America, 130;
negotiates purchase of Henry’s papers, 178–180;
his remarks to Foster on Wellesley’s instructions, 192;
his conference with House Committee of Foreign Relations, March 31, 1812, 197;
his remarks on the embargo, 199, 200, 202;
his relations toward Matthews and the occupation of East Florida, 238, 240, 241, 242;
his criticisms on the conduct of the war, 396, 397;
assures Serurier he will not negotiate for peace, 415;
proposes to negotiate, 416;
proposes to take a military commission, 419, 420;
hesitates between civil or military control of the war, 421–423;
becomes acting Secretary of War, 423;
excites jealousy, 424, 425;
abandons military career, 425, 426;
offers to prohibit the employment of foreign seamen, 451;
expected to command the army, vii. 35, 37;
declines commission as major-general, 37;
his protest against Armstrong’s military control, 37, 38;
his reply to the Czar’s offer of mediation, 41;
acquiesces in Gallatin’s departure, 42;
his instructions to the peace commissioners in April, 1813, 47, 211;
goes as scout to the lower Potomac, 56;
acting Secretary of War, 81;
his views on the force required for conquering Canada, 148;
instructs commissioners to assert right to Florida, 211;
his views on the seizure of Florida, 212, 213;
his remarks to Serurier on intercourse with Canada, 392;
his antipathy to Armstrong, 411;
advises the President to remove Armstrong, 412, 413;
charges Armstrong with improper ambition, 414;
friendly to Izard, viii. 114;
irritated by Armstrong’s indifference to the defence of Washington, 121;
accedes to the abandonment of impressment as a sine qua non, 122;
acts as a scout, August 19 and 20, 131;
joins Winder, August 21, 133;
notifies Madison and Serurier of expected battle at Bladensburg, 133, 138;
goes to Winder’s headquarters on the morning of August 24, 137;
arrives first on the battle-field at Bladensburg, 139;
changes the order of troops, 140;
returns to Washington, 152;
at Rockville, 156;
returns with the President to Washington, 157;
takes charge of the War Department, 158, 160;
effect of his course on Armstrong, 159;
claims the War Department, 161, 162;
appointed Secretary of War in September, 1814, 163;
admits failure of recruiting service, 216, 266;
declines to receive Massachusetts militia into national service under a State major-general, 221;
asks Congress for one hundred thousand regular troops in October, 1814, 264;
recommends a draft, 265;
borrows national loans on his private credit, 283, 284;
warns Jackson Sept. 25, 1814, of British expedition against Louisiana, 326, 329;
his measures for the defence of Louisiana, 326–328;
forbids attack on Pensacola, 327;
orders Gaines to Mobile, and Jackson to New Orleans, 331;
his instructions to the Ghent commissioners, ix. 10–12;
his instructions of June 27, to omit impressment, 33;
recommends a peace establishment of twenty thousand men, 83;
returns to State department, 87, 88;
nominated for the Presidency, 122–124;
elected President, 139.
Montalivet, Comte de, Napoleon’s Minister of the Interior, v. 221;
his efforts for American commerce, 223, 224.
Montgomery Court House (see Rockville).
Montreal, Wilkinson decides to attack, vii. 178;
Amherst’s expedition against, in 1760, 178;
Armstrong and Wilkinson change opinions about, 180–182;
Hampton’s advance toward, 192–194;
British forces in district of, 194–196;
British forces about, in January, 1814, viii. 25.
Moore, Sir John, his Spanish campaign, v. 26, 47, 48.
Moore, Thomas, i. 48;
lines of, on the Philadelphia literati, 122;
his verses on Jefferson, 167.
Moose Island, occupied by British troops in July, 1814, viii. 94;
disputed territory, 95;
claimed at Ghent by England, ix. 10, 20, 25, 34, 49, 52.
Morales, Don Juan Ventura, Spanish Intendant at New Orleans, officially declares the right of deposit at end, i. 419–421;
blamed by Yrujo, 427;
blamed by Cevallos, ii. 60;
defended by Cevallos, iii. 26;
remains at New Orleans, 72–79, 300.
Moravian town, Proctor’s defeat at, vii. 131–142.
Moreau, Jean Victor, Turreau’s note about, iii. 82, 83;
death of, vii. 351.
Morfontaine, treaty of, i. 362, 370, 388; ii. 21, 42, 46, 47, 293, 296, 297, 383.
(See Treaties.)
Morgan, David, brigadier-general of Louisiana militia, commands on right bank at New Orleans, viii. 370;
driven back, 377.
Morgan, George N., warns Jefferson of Burr’s declarations, iii. 255, 279.
Morgan, L., major of First Rifles, repulses British attack on Black Rock, viii. 69.
Morier, J. P., British chargé at Washington, v. 219;
his protest against the seizure of West Florida, 315.
“Morning Chronicle,” the, on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 41, 54, 70;
silent toward the American war in 1813, vii. 356;
on American privateers, viii. 197;
on the failure of the war, ix. 35, 43;
on the Ghent correspondence, 43;
on the news from Ghent, 54;
on the treaty, 55.
“Morning Post,” the, on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 41, 44, 53, 54, 70 et seq., 76;
on the principle of retaliation, 132, 317;
on the American frigates, vii. 13;
calls for execution of British subjects taken in arms, 362;
on the American government, ix. 4, 5.
Morocco, ii. 137.
Morris, Charles, captain in U. S. navy, commands corvette “Adams,” viii. 95;
destroys his ship in the Penobscot, 96.
Morris, Commodore Richard Valentine, dismissed, ii. 137.
Morris, Gouverneur, i. 93;
senator of the United States, in the judiciary debate, 279;
assails the Government, 435;
on the right of deposit, 435; ii. 283;
on the Louisiana purchase, ii. 99, 101;
his oration on the overthrow of Napoleon, viii. 19, 20;
his letter on the Hartford Convention, 299;
assists Erie Canal, ix. 168.
Morrison, J. W., lieutenant-colonel of British Eighty-ninth Regiment, commanding at Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 189, 190;
reinforces Drummond, viii. 46.
Morse, Jedediah, i. 78, 93.
Moscow, occupied by Napoleon, vii. 4, 27;
abandoned, 9, 30.
Moseley, Jonathan Ogden, member of Congress from Connecticut, viii. 277.
Mountmorris, Lord, v. 265.
Mulcaster, W. H., captain in British navy, commands flotilla in Wilkinson’s rear, vii. 187;
wounded in attacking Oswego, viii. 29, 30.
Mulgrave, Lord, British Foreign Secretary, his reception of Monroe’s complaints in 1805, iii. 47;
his indifference to American affairs, 48;
affirms the Rule of 1756, 48;
fails to answer Burr’s inquiries, 229, 232.
Murray, Sir George, British major-general, succeeds Prevost as governor-general of Canada, viii. 118, 267.
Murray, J., colonel in British service, retakes Fort George, vii. 202;
captures Fort Niagara, 203.
Murray William A., Lieutenant of Artillery, his report of conversation in New Orleans respecting Burr’s conspiracy, iii. 303.
Muscogee Indians (see Creeks).

Nantucket, British naval station, vii. 278; viii. 287;
relieved from operation of the embargo in 1814, 369.
Napier, Charles James, lieutenant-colonel of British infantry, vii. 272;
his remark on the Craney Island affair, 274;
on the affair at Hampton, 276;
on plundering the Yankees, 278.
Napoleon, i. 334;
and Talleyrand, 357, 359;
restores peace in Europe, 360, 363, 370, 373, 374, 395;
obtains retrocession of Louisiana, 363–370;
his anger with Godoy, 373–375;
makes peace with England, 374;
parallelism with Louverture, 383, 387, 388;
attacks Louverture, 390;
his explanations to the British Government, 391;
his letter to Louverture, 392, 393;
his instructions to Leclerc, 397, 398;
orders the occupation of Louisiana, 399, 400;
attempts to obtain Florida, 402;
Jefferson’s messages to, 404, 410, 411, 413, 443;
his account of his miscarriage at St. Domingo, 416;
fears a war with the United States, ii. 2;
abandons his colonial system, 14 et seq.;
scene with Lord Whitworth, 19;
reveals his determination to cede Louisiana, 25–28;
angry scene with his brothers, 34 et seq.;
his projet of a secret convention respecting Louisiana, 40;
objects to the payment of claims, 51;
his inducement to sell Louisiana, 52;
his conduct toward Spain, 56;
his avowal as to the sale of Louisiana, 61;
his reasons for betraying Charles IV., 63;
for selling Louisiana, 63 et seq.;
repudiates drafts on the public Treasury, 270;
prepares for a descent on England, 291;
weary of Talleyrand, 310, 312;
Jefferson’s language about, 348, 353, 381;
his irritation at Jerome’s marriage, 379;
his intervention in Monroe’s Spanish negotiation, iii. 26, 29, 30, 32, 41, 82;
not influenced by corruption of his subordinates, 42;
begins war with Austria and Russia, 73, 76, 77, 103;
forbids trade with St. Domingo, 89;
captures Ulm and enters Vienna, 106, 370;
returns to Paris, 371;
his financial measures in 1806, 372–375;
defeats Talleyrand’s plan for a settlement between Spain and the United States, 383;
wins the battle of Jena, 388;
issues the Decree of Berlin, 389;
makes the treaty of Tilsit, iv. 62, 105;
attacks Portugal and Denmark, 106;
enforces his Berlin Decree against the United States, 109, 110;
Armstrong’s story about his attitude toward Florida, 114;
orders his armies into Spain, 117;
his proposed division of Portugal, 119;
offers Lucien the crown of Spain, 124;
issues the Decree of Milan, 126;
treats the United States as at war with England, 221, 292, 295, 312;
seizes the Spanish Court, 298;
crowns Joseph King of Spain, 300;
his Spanish plan for conquering England, 303;
issues the Bayonne Decree, 304;
his Spanish campaign, v. 22–28;
his severity toward American commerce, 30–32;
withholds Florida, 32, 33;
his causes for rupture with the United States, 39, 40;
his war with Austria in 1809, 106, 134;
learns the repeal of the embargo and of the British Orders, 136;
his first reply to Armstrong’s communication, 137;
drafts decree withdrawing the Milan Decree, 139;
cause of his hesitation, 140, 141;
lays aside his repealing decree, 141;
his view of the right of search, 137, 145, 149;
his draft of Vienna Decree of Aug. 4, 1809, 143, 144, 230, 233, 236;
quarrels with his brother Louis, 146, 147;
his increased severity toward the United States, 150–152, 220;
calls a Cabinet council on commerce, Dec. 19, 1809, 220, 221;
discussions with Montalivet, 221, 223;
his note to Gaudin on American ships, 224;
his want of money, 225, 226, 237;
calls for a report from Champagny, Jan 10, 1810, 226, 227;
his dislike for Armstrong, 228, 229;
his condition for the revocation of his decrees, 229;
his draft of note asserting retaliation on the Non-intercourse Act, 230, 231;
his reply to Armstrong’s remonstrances, 234, 235;
his memory, 235;
his Decree of Rambouillet, 236;
his threats of annexing Holland, 238, 246;
his annexation of Holland, 241, 242;
his reflections on Macon’s act, 244, 245;
his license system, 246;
his instructions to Champagny ordering announcement that the decrees will be withdrawn, 253;
dictates letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 253;
his idea of a trap, 257, 383;
his instructions of Dec. 13, 1810, on the non-intercourse and the Floridas, 384;
on commercial liberties, 386;
his address of March 17, 1811, to the deputies of the Hanse Towns, 396, 397;
his address of March 24, 1811, to the Paris merchants, 398, 399, 420;
appoints Maret in place of Champagny, 401;
orders a report on American commerce, 402, 403;
admits American cargoes, May 4, 1811, 404;
his instruction of Aug. 28, 1811, about Spanish America and Florida, 407, 408;
his rupture with Russia and Sweden, 408–427;
his order of May 4, 1811, opening his ports to American commerce, vi. 44, 59;
probable amount of his spoliations, 247;
his restrictions on American commerce, 247;
goes to Holland, Sept. 19, 1811, 248;
his interview with Joel Barlow, 249;
his extension of the license system in January, 1812, 250;
his seizure of Swedish Pomerania, 251, 252;
his Decree of St. Cloud, April 28, 1811, 255, 256;
his departure for Poland, May 9, 1812, 258;
enters Russia, 259, 288;
his battle at Borodino, Sept. 7, 1812, 263;
enters Moscow, Sept. 15, 1812, 263;
begins his retreat, 264;
his passage of the Beresina, 264;
his return to Paris, December, 1812, 265;
enters Moscow, vii. 4, 26, 27;
begins retreat, 9;
leaves his army, 11;
returns to Paris, 30;
organizes a new army, 339;
wins battles of Lützen and Bautzen, 340, 344, 391;
makes armistice, 340;
wins battle at Dresden, 350;
overthrown at Leipzig, 355, 360, 370, 393;
approaching fall of, 362, 393;
effects of overthrow on Congress and the President, 393–395;
his return from Elba, ix. 56, 83;
overthrown at Waterloo, 104.
“Narcissus,” British 32-gun frigate, captures “Viper,” vii. 313.
Nash, Thomas, ii. 333.
Natchez delivered to the United States, i. 355.
“National Intelligencer,” origin of, i. 121;
publishes Paine’s letters, 328;
prints the British Impressment Proclamation, iv. 166, 172, 186;
publishes the Milan Decree, 195;
on renewal of intercourse with Great Britain, v. 75;
on Erskine’s disavowal, 109, 110;
Joel Barlow’s letter in, 299;
office destroyed by Cockburn, viii. 147.
Naturalization, the law of, in England and America, ii. 337 et seq.;
British laws of, vii. 21–23;
issue raised, 360.
Naturalization law adopted, i. 301.
“Nautilus,” East India Company’s cruiser, ix. 73.
“Nautilus,” sloop-of-war, captured, vi. 369, 386; vii. 312, 313.
Navigation, British law of, ii. 318, 321, 413.
Navigation Act, moved by Macon, v. 183.
Navigation Act of 1816, ix. 146, 147.
Navy, British, cost and pay-roll of, vii. 20.
Navy Department (see Samuel Smith, Robert Smith, Paul Hamilton, William Jones, B. W. Crowninshield).
Navy of the United States, Jefferson’s opinion of, i. 222, 223, 238;
Gallatin’s views on, 222, 240, 252;
Giles’s views on, 287;
Leib’s proposal to abolish, 299;
condition in 1801, 242–245;
economies in, 272;
four sloops-of-war and fifteen gunboats built in 1803, ii. 77;
cost and estimates, 77, 136;
at Tripoli, 137–141, 425–436;
Jefferson suggests ships-of-the-line for, iii. 113, 178, 201;
fifty gunboats voted in 1806, 181;
favored by Jefferson, 201;
arguments for and against gunboats, 352;
gunboats adopted in 1807, iv. 158, 159;
frigates to be laid up in case of war, 159;
frigates to be used to serve gunboats, 427;
in 1809, v. 168, 169;
reductions in 1810, 200–207;
opposed by Republican party, vi. 162;
increase refused by Congress in January, 1812, 164;
condition of, in June, 1812, 363, 364;
distribution of, in September, 1812, 377, 378;
movements and battles of, in 1812, 362–387;
increase of, 436, 449;
condition of, in 1813, vii. 287;
appropriations for, in 1814, 384, 385;
legislation for, in November, 1814, and February, 1815, viii. 281;
war establishment retained in peace, ix. 87, 119.
(See Gunnery, “Constitution,” “President,” “United States,” “Constellation,” “Chesapeake,” “Congress,” “Essex,” “Adams,” “Wasp,” “Hornet,” “Argus,” “Peacock,” “Syren,” “Nautilus,” “Louisiana,” “Carolina.”)
Navy-yards, incompetency of, iv. 6.
Nelson, Roger, member of Congress from Maryland, ii. 229;
favors abandoning cities in case of attack, iii. 350, 353;
on reduction of armaments in 1810, v. 202, 203.
Negril Bay (see Jamaica).
Nesselrode, Count, accompanies Czar Alexander as foreign secretary, vii. 344;
his despatch of July 9 to Lieven, 346, 349;
ignorant of the Czar’s orders to Roumanzoff, 349, 352, 354.
Neutrals, admitted to colonial ports of France and Spain, ii. 321;
British doubts whether to recognize trade of, with colonies of belligerents, 321, 322 (see Rule of 1756);
affected by practice of blockade, 322, 399;
forbidden by England in 1793 to trade with belligerent colonies, 322, 323;
permitted in 1794 to trade with belligerent colonies, 324, 327, 328;
prosperity of United States as, 329, 332;
neglect of obligations of, 337;
Madison’s demands for, in December, 1803, 385, 386, 419, 420, 423;
British West Indies hostile to, 416;
British measures of 1805 hostile to, iii. 44–46;
James Stephen’s pamphlet on frauds of, 50–53;
practice of blockading ports of, 91–94, 199, 200;
anger of the American merchants at British restrictions on, in 1805, 95–98, 143, 144, 151;
Madison’s pamphlet on rights of, 102;
Madison’s remonstrances on infringement of rights of, 109, 110;
Jefferson’s annual message of 1805 regarding, 112;
infringement by Miranda of law of, 190–195, 208;
British disregard of rights of, 202, 203;
Jefferson’s scheme of alliance to protect, 204;
Napoleon’s Berlin Decree retaliating on England’s violations of law of, 389, 391;
Fox’s blockade a concession to, 398, 399;
Madison’s demands for, in 1806, 401;
Monroe’s compromise of rights of, 408–412;
Howick’s Order in Council restricting trade of, 416–421, 435;
rights of, to depend on France and Russia, 437;
aggression against, by British frigate “Leopard,” iv. 1–30;
nature of reparation demanded for, 31, 39, 45, 46, 62 (see “Chesapeake” affair);
the United States in 1807 almost the only, 66;
West India report on trade of, 67–69;
British lawyers on violations of law of, 77;
Spencer Perceval’s Orders in Council restricting rights of, 79–104 (see Orders in Council);
Napoleon’s Milan Decree, making war on, 126 (see Decrees);
British disregard of law of, in America, 136, 137;
Napoleon’s idea of, as exempt from interference, v. 137, 149;
list of restrictions on commerce of, 152;
of 1809, 165;
Napoleon’s declaration that, after the Milan Decree, there were no more, 227 (see Napoleon);
defence of, by Russia and Sweden, 409–428 (see Impressment, Licenses, Spoliations);
Madison’s indifference to duties of, in West Florida, 309, 310 (see Florida, East and West);
Act of 1816, to preserve relations of, ix. 147.
Newark, on the Niagara River, burned by McClure, vii. 202.
Newbury, memorial of town-meeting in January, 1814, viii. 6.
Newburyport town-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 410.
New England in 1800, i. 18;
school-houses, 19;
population, 20;
poverty, 21;
commerce and manufactures, 21 et seq.;
social system, 76;
schools, 76;
society, organization of, 108;
temper of, toward Jefferson in 1802, 308–330;
conspiracy of 1804 in, ii. 160–190, 391, 392;
its conservatism, Jefferson’s second Inaugural on, iii. 5–9;
townships, Jefferson’s opinion of, iv. 441;
prosperity of shipping in, 1807–1810, v. 15;
prosperity of manufactures in, 16–21;
encouragement of manufactures in, 196, 197;
F. J. Jackson’s reception in, 213–217;
refuses to take the war loan of 1812, vi. 207;
favored by British government in the war, vii. 31, 32;
furnishes money and supplies to Canada, 146, 367, 368;
benefited by the British blockade, 264, 283, 367;
military force assigned to, 284;
banks, their condition and influence, 387, 389; viii. 15;
blockaded, April 25, 1814, 3;
attitude toward the war in January, 1814, 13;
prosperity in 1814, 14;
attitude of clergy, 21–23;
banks maintain specie payments, 214;
frauds in militia system of, 219;
practically independent in September, 1814, 222 (see New England Convention);
congressional elections of November, 1814, in, 228;
effect of sedition on Madison, 231;
furnishes thirteen regiments, 235;
supplies Scott’s brigade, 236;
supplies Blakeley’s crew, 237;
burden of taxation thrown on, 257;
probable consequence of her proposed action, 318;
delighted by news of peace, ix. 59, 60;
disastrous effects of peace on, 95–103, 126;
church of, in 1816, 133;
representatives of, oppose internal improvements, 150, 151;
increase of population in 1817, 154, 155;
increase of wealth in, 157–160;
division of church in, 175–187.
(See Massachusetts, Connecticut, etc.)
New England Confederation, tendency to, iv. 403.
New England Convention, project of, in 1804, ii. 162–188;
in 1808, iv. 239, 246, 402–407;
in 1812, vi. 402;
in 1814, viii. 4–13;
project realized in October, 1814, 225, 287;
Massachusetts delegates to, 226, 227, 290–292;
Rhode Island and Connecticut send delegates to, 227;
Vermont declines invitation to, 227;
project approved by the people in the November election, 228–230;
its intention to sequester the government taxes, 257;
its demand for State armies conceded by the national government, 284;
assembles at Hartford, Dec. 15, 1815, 292;
character of members of, 292, 293;
proceedings of, 293–298;
report of, approved by Massachusetts and Connecticut, 300, 301, 304, 305;
commissioners appointed to effect the arrangement proposed by, 301, 302;
commissioners start for Washington, ix. 56;
met by news of the battle of New Orleans, 57;
return home, 81;
sarcasms about, 81, 103, 160.
New Hampshire, opposed to disunion in 1804, ii. 162, 169, 204;
becomes Federalist in 1809, v. 13;
sends no delegates to the Hartford Convention, viii. 227;
prosperous, ix. 160.
New Haven, i. 75.
New Jersey, election in 1814, viii. 228;
increase of population in, ix. 154.
New London, blue lights seen from, vii. 279.
New Orleans delivered by Spain to the United States, Dec. 20, 1803, ii. 256;
sends deputies to Washington, 400;
menaced by Spain in 1805, iii. 17;
Burr’s confederates in, 296;
concentration of troops at, in 1809, v. 169, 170;
to be occupied by British expedition in 1814, viii. 312–314;
military defences of, 316, 317;
Jackson’s delay in going to, 318–320;
Nicholl’s talk of attacking, 321;
Jackson’s neglect of, 325–330;
Monroe’s anxiety for, 331;
Jackson arrives at, Dec. 2, 1814, 333;
population of, 334;
Jackson’s measures at, 335;
news of British capture of gunboats reaches, 336;
martial law proclaimed at, 336, 337;
in danger, 342;
its defences, 344, 345;
volunteer companies of, 344, 345;
volunteers of, in the night battle of Dec. 23, 1814, 346, 347, 351;
night battle of Dec. 23, 1814, 347–351;
artillery battle of Jan. 1, 1815, 358–366;
supplies militia, 368;
in danger from the west bank, 371;
battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 375–381;
news of battle reaches the government, ix. 57;
civil authority restored at, 89, 90;
growth of, 157;
fortifications at, 236.
“New Orleans packet,” seized under the Berlin and Milan Decrees, vi. 8;
by a “municipal operation,” 42, 43.
Newport, fort at, iv. 210.
Newspapers, American, in 1800, i. 41, 120.
Newton, Gilbert Stuart, ix. 213–215.
New York city in 1800, i. 24;
expenses and sanitary condition, 25;
business, 25 et seq.;
blockaded by British frigates, iii. 91, 203;
debate in Congress on the propriety of fortifying, 351, 355;
described by F. J. Jackson, v. 213;
population in 1810, 289;
affected by the blockade, vii. 264;
depreciation of currency, ix. 62;
increase of exports, 126;
increase of population, 155, 156;
immigrants to, 161;
exports and imports of, 166, 167;
steamboats in 1816, 171, 173.
New York State in 1800, i. 3, 6, 23, 108–114;
politics in 1802, 331, 332;
politics in 1804, ii. 170–190;
election of 1809, v. 13;
insurrection in, on account of the embargo, iv. 259;
position of, in census of 1810, v. 289;
banking mania in, vi. 208;
election in May, 1812, 209;
nominates De Witt Clinton to the Presidency, 215;
recruiting in, 305;
politics of, in 1813, vii. 48, 49;
suffrage in, 50;
jealousy of Virginia, 402, 403;
elections in April, 1813 and 1814, viii. 11, 12;
banks suspend payment, 214;
soldiers furnished by, 235;
arrears of internal taxes in, 256;
creates a State army, 282;
elections in April, 1815, ix. 93;
election in April, 1816, 132, 133;
growth of population, 1800–1816, 154, 167;
growth of wealth in, 166, 167;
begins the Erie Canal, 167–170.
“Niagara,” 20-gun brig on Lake Erie, commanded by Jesse D. Elliott, vii. 120;
her armament, 121, 122;
taken command of by Perry, 123, 124;
ill-fought by Elliott, 125.
Niagara, Fort (see Fort Niagara).
Niagara frontier, military importance of, vi. 304, 310;
force at, 311, 320, 341, 344;
force raised to six thousand men, 345;
Van Rensselaer’s campaign at, 346–353;
Alexander Smyth’s campaign at, 353–358;
sickness of troops at, 359;
Brown’s campaign at the, viii. 24–90;
British force at the, in June, 1814, 38, 39;
victories fail to stimulate enlistments, 217, 218;
cession required as a condition of peace, ix. 7.
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, i. 221;
senator from Virginia, dissuades the President from raising Constitutional question, ii. 87, 88, 94;
on the Louisiana treaty, 111;
retires from the Senate, 221;
helps to set Monroe aside, iii. 152;
on Randolph’s philippic, 173;
writes to Jefferson doubting the possibility of longer embargo, iv. 345, 346;
file-leader of the House, 428;
urges Giles to withdraw opposition to Gallatin, 429, 430;
his resolution to repeal the embargo, 435, 438;
on the appointment of Gallatin as Secretary of State, v. 4, 5, 6;
resigns from Congress, 76;
his letter to Jonathan Mason in 1814, viii. 306, 308.
Nicholl, Sir John, King’s advocate, iii. 417; iv. 96.
Nicholls, Edward, major of the British marines occupies Pensacola, viii. 319, 320;
issues proclamation to the natives of Louisiana, 320, 321, 325;
distracts Jackson’s attention, 321, 322;
evacuates Pensacola and goes to the Appalachicola, 330.
Nicholson, Joseph Hopper, member of Congress from Maryland, i. 261, 268, 433; ii. 95, 100, 124, 144;
invited to attack Judge Chase, 149;
a manager of the impeachment, 225, 228;
offers an amendment to the Constitution, 240;
in the Ninth Congress, iii. 127, 133, 135;
his non-importation resolution, 154;
his resolution adopted, 165;
appointed State Judge, 167, 180;
remonstrates with Gallatin, iv. 32.
Nicklin and Griffith, iii. 153.
Non-importation (see Non-intercourse).
Non-intercourse, list of acts, v. 194;
partial, moved by Senator Samuel Smith in February, 1806, iii. 146;
debate on, 147;
favored by Madison, 148, 426;
opposition to, 150;
Smith’s resolutions adopted, 151;
Gregg’s resolution of Jan. 29, 1806, 154, 155, 165;
Nicholson’s resolution, Feb. 10, 1806, 154, 155;
Nicholson’s resolution adopted, 165, 166;
Non-importation Bill reported, March 25, 1805, 175;
becomes law, April 18, 1806, 175;
suspended, Dec. 19, 1806, 349;
effect of, in England, 394, 399;
conditions of its repeal, 401, 436;
to remain suspended, 430, 436, 437;
favored by Jefferson after the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 34, 36;
expected by Erskine, 144;
Non-importation Act goes into effect, Dec. 14, 1807, 165 (see Embargo);
not avowed as a coercive policy in Congress, 203;
or by Jefferson, 176, 204;
bill for total non-intercourse introduced, 444;
becomes law, March 1, 1809, 453.
Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, its effect on commerce, v. 35, 36;
English view of, 62;
affected by Erskine’s arrangement, 80, 88, 90;
revived by Erskine’s disavowal, 111, 114, 115;
communicated to Napoleon, 135;
communication denied by Napoleon, 232, 234, 235, 254;
Champagny’s complaints of, 140;
Napoleon’s retaliation on, 143, 150, 151, 230, 232, 254, 255;
its mischievous effects in America, 164, 165, 166, 178, 184;
about to expire, 183;
suspended, 195–198, 210;
revived by proclamation of Nov. 2, 1810, 302, 303, 304.
—— of May 1, 1810, its passage, v. 194–198, 274;
its effect on Napoleon, 220, 244, 255;
its effect in England, 273–276;
its condition precedent to reviving non-intercourse, 297;
creates a contract, 342, 395, 396.
—— of March 2, 1811, reviving Act of March 1, 1809, moved by Eppes, Jan. 15, 1811, v. 338;
decided upon, 347;
amended, 351;
reported, 352;
passed, 354, 391;
its effect on Napoleon, 393, 394, 400, 404;
Foster’s instructions on the, vi. 23;
his protest against, 39;
his threat of retaliation, 44, 124;
not noticed by Napoleon, 56;
an intolerable burden to the United States, 140;
efforts to suspend, 205, 230–234, 447;
not retaliated by England, 270;
forfeitures under, 438–443;
Calhoun on, 444;
bill for stricter enforcement of, 448.
Norfolk, the mayor of, forbids communication with the British squadron, iv. 27;
exposed to attack, vii. 269;
fortifications of, 271;
attacked by British expedition, 272–275;
sickness among militia at, viii. 219.
“North American Review,” ix. 207.
North Carolina in 1800, i. 36;
cotton-planting, 37, 148;
in 1816, growth of population, ix. 154, 155, 161;
growth of wealth, 163;
legislative report on internal improvements, 164.
Norton, Rev. Andrews, ix. 182.
Nottingham, in Maryland, Ross’s camp, Aug. 21, 1814, viii. 129.

Ocaña, battle at, v. 268.
Ocracoke Inlet, captured by Admiral Cockburn, vii. 277.
Offices, Jefferson’s removals from, i. 230 et seq.
Ogden, owner of the “Leander,” iii. 190;
indicted by Jefferson, 195.
Ogden, Aaron, appointed major-general, vii. 37.
Ogden, Peter V., iii. 252, 255;
carries despatches to Burr’s friends in New Orleans, 295;
arrested at Fort Adams, 319;
discharged from custody, 340.
Ogdensburg, captured in 1813, vii. 147;
passed by Wilkinson, 185.
Ohio, admitted into the Union, i. 302; ii. 76;
population in 1810, v. 289;
militia, vii. 102;
growth of, ix. 155.
Ohio River settlements in 1800, i. 2.
Ohio, Territory of, ii. 121.
Olcott, Simeon, senator from New Hampshire, ii. 160.
Old Fields, Winder’s army camps at, vii. 134;
retreat from, 135.
Olmstead, Gideon, case of, v. 13;
Marshall’s opinion in case of, ix. 188, 189.
Ontario, Lake, armaments on, vi. 342, 344.
(See Sackett’s Harbor.)
Order in Council, of Jan. 7, 1807, called Lord Howick’s Order, prohibiting neutral trade from one belligerent port to another, iii. 416–421; iv. 79, 80, 83, 93, 102, 144, 154, 318;
arrives in America, iii. 435.
—— of Nov. 11, 1807, called Spencer Perceval’s Order, prohibiting neutral trade with any port from which British trade was excluded, iv. 79–103;
its publication in England, 132;
arrives in America, 186;
a cause of the embargo, 168, 175, 176, 186, 332;
its object explained by Erskine, 219;
debate in Parliament in 1808, 317–321;
parliamentary inquiry into, 322;
asserted by Canning not to have caused the embargo, v. 51;
Canning’s conditions of repealing, 53, 54, 56, 70–73, 90, 94, 101, 102;
Grenville and Sidmouth’s language regarding, 59, 60;
debate on, March 6, 1809, 60–62;
Erskine’s arrangement withdrawing, 70–73;
disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 87–95, 109–113.
—— of April 11, 1808, protecting neutral vessels trading with British ports, proposed by Perceval, iv. 324;
approved by Bathurst, 325;
opposed by Castlereagh and Canning, 325, 326;
issued, 327;
Madison’s indignation at, 327.
—— of Dec. 21, 1808, suspending export duties on foreign produce, v. 43, 44;
further relaxations proposed, 45;
their effect on English trade, 46.
—— of April 26, 1809, establishing a general blockade in place of the Orders of November, 1807, v. 63, 64, 65, 81, 103, 113, 126, 152;
issue chosen by Madison and Monroe, vi. 39, 40, 45, 121, 188;
conditions of repeal, 124, 220;
enforced by British prize-courts, 118, 124, 267;
alleged as Madison’s fourth complaint, 222;
revocation promised by Prince Regent on formal revocation of French decrees, 254, 282;
popular agitation against, 271, 281, 283;
debate of Feb, 28, 1811, in House of Lords, 275;
debate of March 3 in House of Commons, 276;
Rose’s definition of, 276, 283;
Canning’s remarks on, 277, 278;
Perceval’s account of, 279;
ministers grant a committee on, 283, 284;
suspension of, June 16, 1812, 286, 287, 403;
suspension not satisfactory to the President, 404;
repeal susceptible of satisfactory explanations, 431.
—— of May 24, 1809, repudiating Erskine’s arrangement, and protecting vessels sailing under it, v. 93, 95;
Canning’s instructions of July 1, 1809, to F. J. Jackson, on, 101–105.
—— of Oct. 13, 1812, directing general reprisals against the United States, vii. 4.
“Orders in Council,” privateer, captured, vii. 330.
Ordronnaux, John, captain of the privateer “Prince of Neufchatel,” viii. 209.
Orleans, Territory of, created, ii. 121, 399–409; iii. 223, 224, 296–325.
(See Louisiana.)
“Orpheus,” British 36-gun frigate, sent to communicate with Creek refugees, vii. 258;
captures “Frolic,” viii. 181.
Osgood, David, minister of Medford, viii. 21; ix. 202.
Osgood, Samuel, i. 108.
Oswego attacked in May, 1814, viii. 29, 30.
Otis, Harrison Gray, Speaker of Massachusetts legislature, ii. 163;
president of Massachusetts Senate, J. Q. Adams’s letter to, iv. 241;
his letter to Josiah Quincy suggesting a New England Convention, 403;
signs Address to the People, 456;
supports State convention in 1812, vi. 402;
supports Clinton for President, 440;
his report of Oct. 8, 1814, on controlling their own resources, viii. 224;
reports in favor of a New England Convention, 225;
chosen a delegate, 227, 292;
publishes journal of, 293;
his activity in, 294, 295;
Lowell’s opinion of, 294;
appointed commissioner for, 302.
Otter Creek in Vermont, station of Macdonough’s flotilla in May, 1814, viii. 97.
Ouvrard, Gabriel Julien, agent of the French treasury, i. 239;
obtains from Spain financial concessions, iii. 372;
ruined by Napoleon, 374;
his scheme, 378.

Paine, Robert Treat, i. 330.
Paine, Thomas, Jefferson’s letter to, i. 316–318;
arrives from Europe, 327;
his letters in the “National Intelligencer,” 328.
Pakenham, Sir Edward, British major-general, ordered to command the expedition to New Orleans, viii. 315;
his instructions, 316;
his armament leaves Jamaica, 331, 332;
on the way to Louisiana, 333;
makes land, Dec. 10, 1814, 335;
takes command Dec. 25, 1814, before New Orleans, 352;
contrasted with Jackson, 353;
sends for field-pieces, 355, 356;
halts before Jackson’s breastworks, Dec. 28, 1814, 357;
sends for heavy guns, 358;
digs canal, 367;
his plan of attack, 371–374;
killed in the assault, 375, 376;
his assault compared with Drummond’s, 381.
Palfrey, John Gorham, ix. 206.
“Palladium,” the, i. 314.
“Panoplist,” the, ix. 178.
Papenberg, v. 165.
Paris, capitulates, March 31, 1814, ix. 6;
pleased with the victory at Plattsburg, 35, 36;
Napoleon’s return to, 56.
Parish, David, shares loan of 1813, vii. 44, 45.
Parish, Elijah, his Fast-Day sermon of April 7, 1814, viii. 21, 22; ix. 202.
Parker, Admiral, ii. 340.
Parker, Daniel, offers the two Floridas, iii. 379.
Parker, Sir Peter, captain of British frigate “Menelaus,” his death, viii. 164, 165.
Parliament (see Acts of) imposes unequal duties on exports to the United States, ii. 399;
to lodge in the King in Council the power of regulating commerce with America, 423;
in 1804–1805 passes acts regulating West India commerce, iii. 44;
debates Howick’s Order in Council, 417;
dissolved, April 27, 1807, iv. 55;
meets June 22, 1807, 55;
report to, on the West Indies, 67, 68, 81;
prorogued, Aug. 14, 1807, 81;
meets Jan. 21, 1808, 317;
debates the Orders in Council, 318–322;
meets Jan. 19, 1809, v. 49;
debates the Orders in Council, 49–52, 58–62;
on the Duke of York, 57, 58;
prorogued June 21, 1809, 98;
prorogued June 15, 1810, 275;
passes the Regency bill, January, 1811, vi. 13, 14;
meets Jan. 7, 1812, 270;
debates in, 270–280;
orders a committee of inquiry into the Orders in Council, 282, 284;
meets Nov. 24, 1812, vii. 10;
debates on the speech from the throne, 10;
debates the American war, Feb. 18, 1813, 17–24;
debate of Nov. 19, 1814, on the Ghent correspondence, ix. 43.
Parma, Duchy of, i. 363, 371.
Parsons, Theophilus, chief-justice of Massachusetts, i. 48, 87, 89, 93; ii. 164; iv. 29;
his opinion of the unconstitutionality of the embargo, 411;
his opinion on the power of a State over its militia, vi. 400;
his assurance to Pickering, vii. 52.
Party, the Federalist, in New England, i. 76, 82–89, 329; ii. 160, 170, 202;
in New York, i. 109; ii. 171, 191;
views on government, i. 252;
on the Judiciary, 273–275, 279, 290, 297;
on the treaty-making power, 99, 100, 105, 110, 111;
their attitude toward Jefferson and the embargo, iv. 228, 232, 240, 242, 283, 286, 408;
deprived of grievances, v. 77;
praise Madison, 78, 158;
make common cause with Jackson, 158;
described by Giles, 180;
in Congress, Foster’s reports of their conduct and advice, vi. 171–175;
their reception of Henry’s documents, 183, 184;
cease attempts to discuss war, 227, 228;
their attitude toward the war, 398, 399;
support Clinton for the Presidency, 410;
strength of, in 1813, vii. 51;
encouraged by overthrow of Napoleon, 370;
divided on protection to manufactures, 376;
their inert perversity, viii. 1, 2;
divided on the question of a New England Convention, 9–13;
praise militia, 217;
of New England believe the crisis arrived in September, 1814, 220;
call New England Convention at Hartford, 225;
victorious in the congressional elections of November, 1814, 228;
a majority of the members of Congress north of the Potomac, 229;
oppose tax-bills, 255;
approve report of Hartford Convention, 301;
influence British press, ix. 2;
affected by peace, 92, 93.
Party, the Republican, in New England, i. 76, 329, 330; ii. 81, 201, 202;
in New York, 108, 109, 113, 229–236, 331; ii. 171–191;
in Pennsylvania, i. 116, 194–200;
in Virginia, 138–143, 145–148, 179;
in North Carolina, 148;
in South Carolina, 152–154;
political principles of, 199–217, 238–243, 247, 251, 272, 287; ii. 77, 78, 130, 134, 142, 203, 205, 254–262;
leaders of, in Congress, i. 264–269;
views of, on the Judiciary, 275, 276, 288–290, 297; ii. 143–159, 221–244;
on the treaty-making power, 78–80, 83–91, 94–99, 100–104, 106–112;
on the power of Congress over territories, 116–129;
on exclusive privileges, 208–210;
on British relations, 349, 355, 356;
success in 1803, 74–77;
in 1804, 201;
in 1805, iii. 9, 122, 127;
Randolph’s schism in the, 132–138, 147, 157–164, 166–171, 181–184, 197;
Jefferson’s attempts to restore harmony in 1806, 344–350;
its hostility to fortifications and cities, 350–355;
its attitude toward the slave trade, 356–369;
Monroe’s schism, iv. 128–131, 147, 226, 286;
cause of success, 148, 149;
its hostility to a standing army, 209–212;
its change of attitude toward a standing army, 212–217, 259;
its Presidential candidates in 1808, 226–228;
its attitude toward the Constitution in the embargo, 261–271;
its success in 1808, 284–288;
its attitude toward Spain, 339–343;
revolts against Jefferson in 1808, 357, 358, 382, 432–434, 440–442, 455;
its attitude toward the manufacturing interest in 1809, 449; v. 196, 197;
attempt to restore its purity in 1810, 199–206;
its attitude toward the Bank, 207–209, 327–337, 356;
its attitude toward the Constitution in Florida, 236–244, 320–326;
its attitude on the previous question in Congress, 351–356;
its attitude toward war in 1811, vi. 137–158, 170, 171;
its attitude toward the militia, 159–161;
its attitude toward a navy, 162–164;
its attitude toward taxation, 166–168;
its attitude toward war in 1812, 201–213, 226–229;
its caucus of 1812, 214,
De Witt Clinton’s schism, 215, 410;
its success in the election of 1812, 412–414;
its change of attitude toward a navy, 436;
its treatment of war-taxation, 447.
Passamaquoddy Bay (see Moose Island).
Patapsco River, at Baltimore, viii. 168.
“Patriotick Proceedings” of Massachusetts legislature in 1809, iv. 458.
Patronage, public, Jefferson’s course regarding, i. 224, 294.
Patterson, Daniel T., commander in U. S. Navy, brings the “Carolina” into action at New Orleans, viii. 346;
establishes battery on west bank, 358, 359–361, 369, 370, 374;
abandons battery and spikes guns, 377, 378.
Patterson, Elizabeth, ii. 377.
“Paul Jones,” privateer, captured, vii. 329, 332.
Paulus Hook, i. 11.
Peace, Prince of (see Godoy).
“Peacock,” American 22-gun sloop-of-war built in 1813, viii. 181;
goes to sea in March, 1814, 182, 183;
captures “Epervier,” 182, 183;
returns to port October 30, 184, 193;
sails from New York, ix. 63, 70;
fires into “Nautilus,” 73.
“Peacock,” British sloop-of-war, vii. 289;
sunk by “Hornet,” 290.
Pechell, S. G., captain of the British 74-gun ship “San Domingo,” repulsed at Craney Island, vii. 272, 273.
Peddie, John, British lieutenant in Twenty-Seventh Infantry, deputy-assistant-quartermaster-general, reconnoitres Bayou Bienvenu, viii. 338;
his sketch of battle-fields at New Orleans, 359, 360.
Pêle-Mêle, ii. 365, 372, 390.
“Pelican,” British sloop-of-war, her force, vii. 305;
captures “Argus,” 306–308.
Pellew, Captain, of the “Cleopatra,” ii. 340.
“Penguin,” British sloop-of-war, her action with the “Hornet,” ix. 71, 72, 230.
Pennsylvania in 1800, i. 29, 114, 115;
schism, the, ii. 194 et seq.;
politics in 1805, iii. 9;
in 1808, iv. 286;
resists mandate of Supreme Court, v. 13;
decides Presidential election of 1812, vi. 412;
affected by blockade, vii. 264;
creates forty-one banks in 1814, viii. 16;
election of 1814, 228;
arrears of internal taxes in October, 1814, 256;
creates a State army, 282;
bank circulation in 1816–1817, ix. 130;
growth of population, 1800–1816, 154, 155;
increase of wealth in, 166, 167;
internal improvements in, 168, 169, 171.
Pensacola, visited by Creek Indians, vii. 228;
object of Jackson’s Creek campaigns, viii. 318, 319;
occupied by Nicholls, 319, 320, 322;
seized by Jackson, 326, 329, 330.
Perceval, Spencer, his comments on Howick’s Order in Council, iii. 417, 421; iv. 80;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 55;
character of, 56;
Sydney Smith’s caricature of, 56 et seq., 73;
takes office as Chancellor of the Exchequer, 81;
his paper on the policy and justice of retaliation, 83 et seq.;
submits his paper on retaliation to the Ministry, 88;
his letter to Charles Abbot, 97;
his orders approved in Council, 102;
prohibits the export of cotton and quinine, 323;
affected by the embargo, 324;
his plan to conciliate the Federalists, 324;
carried into effect, 327;
his relaxations of the Orders in Council, v. 42, 45, 63;
decline of his authority in 1809, 57, 58, 62, 63;
his difficulties with Canning and Castlereagh, 107;
becomes First Lord of the Treasury, 263;
invites Wellesley into the Cabinet, 267;
Wellesley’s opinion of, 281, 282, 283;
prime minister of England, becomes ruler after the insanity of George III., vi. 2, 3;
retained as prime minister by the Prince Regent, 14;
his indifference to Wellesley’s advice, 268;
his remarks on an American war, 271;
his persistence in the system of commercial restriction, 272;
his remarks on licenses, 274;
his silence toward Canning, 280;
his bargain for Sidmouth’s support, 281;
concedes a committee on the Orders in Council, 283;
his assassination, 284.
Percy, W. H., captain of British 22-gun sloop-of-war “Hermes,” viii. 322, 325;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 323;
abandons his ship, 324.
Perkins, Jacob, i. 182.
Perkins, Thomas Handasyd, iv. 411.
Perry, Oliver Hazard, commander in U. S. Navy, ordered to Lake Erie, vii. 115;
creates squadron, 116, 118;
destroys British fleet, 120–127;
his despatch of Sept. 10, 1813, 128;
effect of his victory on the Creek war, 232;
its effect in England, 355, 359, 360;
erects batteries on the Potomac, viii. 164;
his rewards, ix. 141, 142.
Petry, M., v. 228, 229.
Philadelphia in 1800, i. 28, 29;
library company, 61;
intellectual centre in 1800, 117;
population of, in 1810, v. 289;
banks suspend payment, Aug. 31, 1814, viii. 214;
depreciation of currency, ix. 62, 98;
allotted share in loan of 1815, 102;
growth of population of, 156;
immigrants to, 161;
steamboats in 1816, 172.
“Philadelphia,” 38-gun American frigate, captured, ii. 138.
Phillimore, Dr. Joseph, his pamphlets on the license system, vi. 274.
Physick, Dr. Philip Syng, i. 127.
Piankeshaw Indians, vi. 71, 75.
Pichon, Louis André, French chargé d’affaires, remonstrates with Leclerc and is superseded, i. 408; ii. 268;
complains to Talleyrand of the attitude of the United States, i. 437, 439;
observes Jefferson’s close relations with Thornton, ii. 354;
invited by Jefferson to meet Merry at dinner, 369.
Pickering, Judge John, impeachment of, ii. 143 et seq.;
trial of, 153 et seq.;
irregularity of trial, 158.
Pickering, Timothy, senator from Massachusetts, i. 88; ii. 110;
quarrels with Yrujo, i. 425;
on the admission of Louisiana to the Union, ii. 105 et seq., 160;
his letter to George Cabot on the impending dangers, 161, 164;
receives Cabot’s reply, 166 et seq.;
letter of, to Rufus King on Burr’s candidacy for the governorship, 179, 390, 391;
votes for Adams’s resolution, iii. 151;
willing to let the ship run aground, 210;
silent about the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 29;
his party in the Senate, 146;
praises Monroe, 129, 167;
won by Rose, 184 et seq.;
cultivated by Rose, 232;
exerts himself to form a coalition with the British ministry, 234;
his letter to Governor Sullivan, 237 et seq.;
effect in England of his letter to his constituents, 333;
declares Jefferson a tool of Napoleon, 347, 442;
reports Jefferson’s language about the embargo, 359, 442;
his triumph, 401, 409;
described by John Adams, 402;
maintains relations with Rose, 460;
his toast at Jackson’s dinner, v. 217;
his speech on the occupation of West Florida, 321, 322;
loses his seat in the Senate, vi. 116;
his attempt to call a State convention in 1812, 402;
favors disunion, viii. 4, 5;
urges a New England Convention in January, 1814, 5–7;
exhorts Governor Strong to seize the national revenues, 223, 224;
acquiesces in British demands, 288;
suggests doubts of George Cabot’s earnestness, 290, 291;
approves the report of the Hartford Convention, 300, 301;
considers the Union dissolved, 300, 309;
member of the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
on the power of internal improvement, 149.
Pierce, John, killed by a shot from the “Leander,” iii. 199, 211.
Pigot, H., captain of British frigate “Orpheus,” reports number of Creek warriors, vii. 258.
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, lieutenant of First Infantry, explores the sources of the Mississippi, iii. 213;
and of the Arkansas and Red rivers, 214, 223;
brigadier-general, vii. 152;
captures York, 154;
killed, 155.
Pilkington, A., lieutenant-colonel commanding British expedition to Moose Island, viii. 94.
“Pilot,” British newspaper, on the American frigates, vii. 16.
Pinckney, Charles, i. 152;
appointed minister to Madrid, 294, 427;
obtains a convention for Spanish depredations, ii. 249 et seq.;
indiscretions of, at Madrid, 275;
compromises Madison, 276;
adopts a high tone with Cevallos, 279;
sends him a threatening letter, 280;
excuse for his conduct, 281;
in an awkward situation, 284;
his recall asked for, 286;
asks the Spanish government to be permitted to resume relations, 315;
recalled, but associated by Monroe in negotiation, iii. 23;
returns home, 37.
Pinckney, C. C., his treaty with Spain, i. 348–350; iii. 38;
candidate for President, iv. 285.
Pinckney, Thomas, appointed major-general, vi. 290;
ordered to prepare for seizing St. Augustine, vii. 207;
ordered to withdraw troops from Amelia Island, 210;
his difficulties in the Creek war, 234;
his estimate of the hostile Indians, 244, 245;
orders the Thirty-ninth Regiment to join Jackson, 245;
prepares army against Creeks, 251;
joins Jackson, 257.
Pinkney, William, author of the Baltimore “Memorial,” iii. 144;
appointed to aid Monroe in London, 152, 165, 169; iv. 354;
arrives in London, iii. 400;
sole minister in London, iv. 162;
remonstrates against the tax on American cotton, 322;
his reply to Canning, 338;
publication of Canning’s personal letter to, 419;
his reply, Dec. 28, 1808, to Canning’s first advance, v. 43, 44, 45;
his reception of Canning’s further advances, 49, 51, 52;
opinion attributed to, by Canning, 54;
his pleasure at the Order of April 26, 1809, 63, 64;
his opinion of Francis James Jackson, 96;
his intimacy with Wellesley, 270, 275;
his reports of Wellesley’s intentions, 271;
inquires whether Fox’s blockade is in force, 277–280;
notifies Wellesley of Champagny’s letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 286;
his “republican insolence,” 287;
demands repeal of the Orders, Nov. 3, 1811, vi. 3;
his argument that the French decrees were revoked and that Fox’s blockade was illegal, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11;
his definition of blockade, 10;
his demand for an audience of leave, 12, 15;
his hesitation, 16;
his note of Feb. 17, 1811, to Wellesley, 17;
insists on “an inamicable leave,” 18, 20;
his final audience, 19, 20;
his character as minister, 20, 21;
sails for America, 21;
appointed attorney-general, 429;
resigns attorney-generalship, vii. 398;
member of the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107.
Pitkin, Timothy, member of Congress from Connecticut, votes for war measures, vi. 147;
on the bank capital of the Union, vii. 386;
opposes national bank, ix. 118.
Pitt, William, ii. 316, 320, 324, 326, 328, 330, 336, 342;
restored to power, 396, 418;
determined to re-establish the former navigation laws, 419;
his measures in 1804 and 1805 for restricting American commerce, iii. 44, 45;
his coalition with Austria and Russia, 73;
Burr expects support from, 235, 238;
death of, 163, 211, 245;
his patronage of young men, v. 264, 265.
Pittsburg in 1800, i. 2;
growth of, in 1816, ix. 157;
steamboats built at, 172.
“Plantagenet,” British seventy-four, at Fayal, viii. 201–207.
Plattsburg, on Lake Champlain, military force at, in October, 1812, vi. 344;
Dearborn’s campaign from, 360;
plundered by British expedition in July, 1813, vii. 192;
Wilkinson’s headquarters in March, 1814, viii. 25;
fortified by Izard, 98, 99;
garrison at, 100;
British armament against, 101–105;
battle of, 106–113;
effect of battle in England, 112;
saved by engineers and sailors, 218; ix. 236;
effect of battle at London, Paris, and Ghent, ix. 35–37, 55;
at Washington, 57.
Plauché, ——, major of New Orleans militia, viii. 345.
Plumer, William, senator from New Hampshire, ii. 160, 364, 405;
Republican candidate for governor of New Hampshire, viii. 11.
Plymouth town-meeting in January, 1809, vi. 414.
Poland, v. 257.
“Polly,” case of the, ii. 328, 340;
rule established by case of, set aside, iii. 45.
“Pomone,” British 38-gun frigate, ix. 64;
extracts from her log, 66, 67;
Decatur’s surrender to, 70.
Population of the United States in 1800, i. 1;
centre of, near Baltimore, 1;
west of the Alleghanies in 1800, 3;
of cities, 59;
in 1810, v. 289;
of the Union in 1817, ix. 154;
movements of, 1800–1817, 154–157, 161, 163, 164.
Porter, David, captain in U. S. navy, commands “Essex,” vi. 377;
captures “Alert,” 377;
returns to port, 378;
sails again, 384;
erects batteries on the Potomac in August, 1814, viii. 164;
his cruise in the Pacific with the “Essex,” 175, 177;
blockaded at Valparaiso, 179;
attacked and obliged to surrender, 180.
Porter, Moses, major of artillery, iii. 246;
colonel of Light Artillery, brevet brigadier-general, commands artillery in Wilkinson’s expedition on the St. Lawrence, vii. 184;
his opinion on moving against Montreal, 185;
intended by Armstrong to command at Washington, viii. 122.
Porter, Peter Buell, member of Congress from New York, vi. 122;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his report favoring war, 133–136;
his war speech, 136;
favors small army, 151;
asks for provisional army, 165;
introduces embargo bill, 201;
calls for volunteers, 355;
charges General Smyth with cowardice, 358;
his duel with Smyth, 358;
raises volunteer brigade under Brown, viii. 34;
strength of his brigade, 37;
at Chippawa, 40, 41, 44;
at Lundy’s Lane, 53, 56, 58, 64;
at Fort Erie, 71, 83;
brings volunteers to Brown, 85;
leads sortie from Fort Erie, 87, 88;
wounded, 88;
fails to create a brigade respectable in numbers, 218;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
helps to defeat Crawford, 123;
assists Erie canal, 168.
“Portfolio,” the, i. 85, 119, 121;
its character and influence, ix. 198–201.
Portland, Duke of, Prime Minister of England, iv. 55;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed Order in Council, 88;
his death, v. 107.
Portugal, her ports ordered to be closed, iv. 106;
forced into war, 118;
divided by Napoleon into three parts, 121.
Postal System of the United States in 1800, i. 61;
in 1816, ix. 170, 171.
Postmaster-General (see Gideon Granger, R. J. Meigs).
Potomac (see Eastern Branch).
Pottawatomies, charged by Tecumthe with bad conduct, vi. 111, 112.
Potter, Elisha, member of Congress from Rhode Island, v. 167; vi. 447;
opposes the repeal of the restrictive system, vii. 376.
Power, ———, major-general in British army, commanding brigade at Plattsburg, viii. 101.
Pozzo di Borgo, ii. 66.
Prairie du Chien, captured by British expedition, viii. 32.
“Preble,” 7-gun sloop in Macdonough’s fleet on Lake Champlain, viii. 105;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 109.
Preble, Commodore Edward, appointed in command of the Mediterranean squadron, ii. 137;
at Tripoli, 426.
Prescott, opposite Ogdensburg, vii. 147;
British garrison at, 151;
passed by Wilkinson, 185.
Prescott, William, delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292.
Prescott, William Hickling, ix. 206.
“President,” American 44-gun frigate, ordered to sea, May 6, 1811, vi. 25, 26;
chases a British war-vessel, 27;
fires into the “Little Belt,” 30;
at New York, 363, 365;
goes to sea, 366;
cruise of, 366, 368;
returns to Boston, 375, 378;
sails again, 381;
returns to Boston, Dec. 31, 1812, 381; vii. 285;
goes to sea, April 30, 1813, 285;
returns to Newport, Sept. 27, 1813, 310;
goes to sea, Dec. 4, 1813, 311;
in British waters, 333;
captured by British squadron, Jan. 15, 1815, ix. 63–70.
Press, Jefferson’s remarks on the, iii. 7.
(See Newspapers.)
Previous question, the rule of, adopted, v. 353–356;
denounced by Stanford, vi. 146.
Prevost, Sir George, governor general of Canada, vi. 317;
his report on the lukewarm and temporizing spirit in Upper Canada, 318, 319;
negotiates armistice with Dearborn, 323; ix. 33;
his military superiority in August, 1812, vi. 338, 339;
unable to assist Proctor, vii. 108;
on Proctor’s defeat at Fort Stephenson, 113;
unable to man the British fleet on Lake Erie, 118, 119;
his difficulties of transport, 145;
his remarks on supplies from Vermont, 145; viii. 93;
charged with timidity, vii. 147;
visits Kingston in March, 1813, 150;
his supposed force at Kingston, 151, 153;
comes to Kingston in May, 1813, 163;
embarks for Sackett’s Harbor, 164;
attacks Sackett’s Harbor, 165;
repulsed, 166–168;
charged with want of courage, 168–170;
his remarks on Hampton’s movement, 193;
his force for the defence of Montreal, 194–196;
shows timidity toward Hampton, 197;
his proclamation on the burning of Black Rock and Buffalo, 204;
his letter to Wilkinson on the execution of hostages, 361;
reinforced by ten thousand troops in July, 1814, viii. 31, 91;
his letter of Oct. 18, 1814, on the impossibility of supplying an army in Upper Canada, 92;
his expedition against Plattsburg, 101–105, 107–113, 172;
recalled to England, 118;
asks Cochrane to retaliate for American outrages in Canada, 125;
at Kingston, 267;
effect of his campaign on the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 27, 34–36.
Prevost, J. B., appointed judge at New Orleans, ii. 220; iii. 219;
one of Burr’s correspondents in New Orleans, 296, 319, 324.
Prices of American produce, affected by blockade, vii. 263;
speculative, in imported articles, 263.
Priestley, Dr. Joseph, i. 157, 311.
“Prince of Neufchatel,” in the Irish Channel, viii. 196;
beats off the “Endymion’s” boats, 207–209.
Prince of Peace (see Godoy).
Prince Regent (see George, Prince of Wales).
Princeton College in 1800, i. 129.
Pringle, John Julius, declines appointment as attorney-general, iii. 11.
Prisons in 1800, i. 128.
Privateers, American, their depredations in the West Indies in 1812, vii. 12;
types of, 314–317;
qualities of, 318, 320, 324;
modes of capturing, 328, 329, 330;
number of, 330, 331;
in British waters, 332, 333;
disadvantages of, 333–338;
in 1814, viii. 194–209;
their value as a test of national character, ix. 228, 229.
Privateers, French, not received in American ports, vii. 395.
Prizes, number captured in 1813, vii. 331;
American success in taking, in 1814, viii. 198, 199.
Proclamation by President Jefferson, of May 30, 1804, in pursuance of the Mobile Act, ii. 263;
of May 3, 1806, against the “Leander,” “Cambrian,” and “Driver,” iii. 200, 201;
of Nov. 27, 1806, against Burr, 283, 285, 289, 290, 292, 325, 328, 330;
of July 2, 1807, on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 30, 32, 34, 46, 187, 188, 192; v. 51;
by the King of England, of Oct. 16, 1807, asserting the right of impressment, iv. 52, 166, 168, 169;
by President Jefferson, of April 19, 1808, declaring the country on the Canadian frontier in a state of insurrection, 249;
by President Madison of April 19, 1809, renewing intercourse with Great Britain, v. 73, 115;
of Aug. 9, 1809, reviving the Non-intercourse Act against Great Britain, 114, 115;
of Nov. 2, 1810, reviving the non-intercourse against Great Britain, 302, 303, 304, 338, 400;
of Oct. 27, 1810, ordering the military occupation of West Florida, 310, 311;
of Nov. 2, 1810, announcing the repeal of the French decrees, vi. 4, 56;
by William Hull, of July 12, 1812, on invading Canada, 303, 320;
by Isaac Brock in reply to Hull, 320;
of Aug. 8, 1814, summoning Congress to meet Sept. 19, 1814, viii. 239;
of Aug. 29, 1814, by Major Nicholls of the Royal Marines, to the natives of Louisiana, 320, 321;
of Sept. 21, 1814, by Andrew Jackson, to the people of Louisiana, 324, 325.
Proctor, Henry, colonel of the Forty-first British Infantry, arrives at Malden, vi. 314;
disapproves Brock’s measures, 330;
major-general, his incapacity officially censured by the Prince Regent, vii. 93, 94, 142;
his victory over Winchester at the River Raisin, 94–98;
returns to Malden, 99;
besieges Fort Meigs, 103–107;
repulsed at Fort Stephenson, 109–113;
evacuates Malden and Detroit, 130, 131;
his retreat, 133–135;
his defeat on the River Thames, 136–140;
his report, 142.
Prophet, the Shawnee, begins Indian movement at Greenville, vi. 78;
removes to Tippecanoe Creek, 79;
his talk with Gov. Harrison in August, 1808, 80;
charged with beginning hostilities, 95;
sends Indians to Harrison, 97, 100;
blamed for the affair at Tippecanoe, 108.
Protection to American manufactures, measure of, recommended by Madison for two years, vii. 374;
promised by Calhoun, 375;
opposed by Webster, 376;
urged by Potter, 376;
recommended by Madison and Dallas in 1815, ix. 105, 106, 111;
opposed by Randolph, 112, 113;
debated in Congress, 114, 115;
avowed in tariff of 1816, 116.
Prussia, spoliations by, v. 226;
closes ports to American vessels, 413, 416;
king of, visits London, ix. 8.
Putnam, Samuel, correspondent of Pickering, viii. 6.

“Queen Charlotte,” 17-gun British ship on Lake Erie, vii. 120;
in action, 124;
captured, 127.
Queenston, battle at, vi. 349–352.
“Querist,” papers by Blennerhassett, iii. 257, 273, 275.
Quincy, Josiah, member of Congress from Massachusetts in the Ninth Congress, iii. 128, 142;
in favor of voting money for ships and harbor defences, 179;
presents memorials to Congress in favor of Smith and Ogden, 195;
irritates opponents, 354, 360, 363; iv. 147;
his contempt for Jefferson, 356;
attacks Campbell’s Report, 372;
attacks the advocates of the embargo, 422;
declares that the Republicans “could not be kicked into” a declaration of war, 423;
on the distraction among the Democrats, 440;
requires total submission to Great Britain, 446, 453;
his account of John Henry, 461;
declares the admission of Louisiana a virtual dissolution of the Union, v. 325, 326;
votes for war-measures, vi. 147, 152;
gives warning of embargo, 201;
moves that the war-debate be public, 227;
opposes enlistment of minors, 435;
opposes forfeitures, 443;
his Resolution on the “Hornet’s” victory, vii. 65, 66; viii. 1;
his opinion on the temper of Massachusetts, 223;
on the Boston “Anthology,” ix. 201.

Raisin, River, defeat and massacre at the, vii. 88–97, 100.
Rambouillet, Decree of (see Decrees).
“Ramillies,” Sir Thomas Hardy’s flagship, viii. 94.
Ramsay, David, i. 151.
Randolph, Edmund, Burr’s counsel, iii. 444.
Randolph, John, i. 143, 209;
in favor of anti-Federal declarations, 260, 267, 296, 338;
demands papers relating to the right of deposit at New Orleans, 429; ii. 95;
defends the Louisiana treaty in Congress, 97;
defends the Louisiana legislation, 120, 124;
favors abolition of the Vice-Presidency, 133;
favors impeachments, 142, 144;
impeaches Judge Chase, 151;
opposes remission of duties on school-books, 208;
decline of his influence, 210;
on the Yazoo claims, 210;
his violent temper, 213;
supported by the Administration, 220;
opens the trial of Judge Chase, 229;
his closing speech, 236;
his amendment to the Constitution, 240, 241;
asserts title to West Florida, 255; iii. 163;
complains of Jefferson’s credulity, ii. 409;
his attitude in 1805, iii. 3, 20, 23;
his antipathy to Madison, 119, 120, 126;
his reception of Jefferson’s secret Spanish message, 132;
his war on Madison, 134;
opposes Jefferson’s plan of buying Florida, 136;
favors an embargo, 149;
opposition of, 154;
his speech against the Non-importation Resolution of Gregg, 158;
attacks the Administration, 159;
his account of the Mobile Act, 163;
goes formally into opposition, 164;
philippics against the government, 172 et seq.;
his resolutions against the union of civil and military powers, 175;
makes public Jefferson’s secret message, 179;
his dislike to Robert and Samuel Smith, 180;
his schemes to reduce the revenue, 182;
his object to make Madison contemptible, 182;
writes to Monroe respecting Burr, 333;
moves a resolution of inquiry, 335;
his dictatorial tone in Congress, 349;
favors abandoning New York in case of attack, 351;
attacks the coastwise prohibition of slave-trade, 364;
his qualities and faults, 367;
his influence destroyed, 368;
foreman of the jury in Burr’s trial, 448;
desires to indict Wilkinson, 457;
his letters to Nicholson, 457;
calls Jefferson’s proclamation in the “Chesapeake” affair an apology, iv. 32;
upholds Monroe, 129;
fails to be reappointed on the Ways and Means Committee by Speaker Varnum, 153;
advocates and then denounces the embargo, 174;
opposes Jefferson’s request for an increase of the regular army, 215, 374;
his speech on war, 380;
discord his object, 438;
claims to have prevented war, 451;
his opinion of Jefferson’s second administration, 454;
his remarks on Jefferson, v. 78;
on Erskine’s arrangement, 79;
on Madison’s message, 177;
his attempt to reduce expenditures in 1810, 199–207;
on the incapacity of government, 209;
on the contract with Napoleon, 344, 345;
his quarrel with Eppes, 352;
denounces the previous question, 353;
his remarks on President and Cabinet, February, 1811, 360, 361;
supports the Bank Charter, 362;
his opinion of “the cabal,” 363, 364;
his quarrel with Monroe, 367;
his report on slavery in Indiana, vi. 76;
replies to Grundy on war, 142, 145;
ridicules army bill, 153;
declares war impossible, 202;
his comments on Eustis and Hamilton, 206;
his remarks on war, 211;
criticises Gallatin, 446;
defeated for Congress, in 1813, vii. 51;
quoted by Pickering, viii. 5;
his letter to Lloyd on the Hartford Convention, 230, 306;
elected to the Fourteenth Congress, 230; ix. 93;
suggests inquiry of Monroe’s opinions in 1800, viii. 265;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
leads minority, 109–111;
opposes manufacturers, 112, 113, 115;
hostile to State banks, 116, 117;
supports Compensation Bill, 121;
not a friend of Monroe, 124;
on the popular action against the Compensation Act, 136;
his oratory, 217.
Randolph, T. J., Jefferson’s letter to, iv. 138, 139.
Randolph, Thomas Mann, member of Congress from Virginia, ii. 95, 124; iii. 183, 356.
Rank-and-file, mode of stating strength of armies, vii. 150.
Ratford, Jenkin, a deserter from the “Halifax,” iv. 2;
taken from the “Chesapeake,” 19;
hanged, 25.
“Rattlesnake,” American 16-gun sloop-of-war, vii. 312;
captured, 313; viii. 193.
“Rattlesnake,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 333.
Rawle, William, i. 127; ii. 259.
Reading in Massachusetts, town of, votes to pay no more taxes, viii. 299.
Red Clubs, hostile Creeks, vii. 227;
their flight to Florida, 257;
their number, 258;
assisted by British, 320, 330; viii. 311, 319, 320;
pursued by Jackson, 319, 330.
Reeve, Judge Tapping, ii. 168.
Regiments (see Infantry).
Regnier, Grand Judge, announces the enforcement of the Berlin Decree, iv. 169.
Reid, Samuel C., captain of privateer “General Armstrong,” his battle at Fayal, viii. 202–207.
“Reindeer,” British 18-gun sloop-of-war, captured by the “Wasp,” viii. 186–188; ix. 230.
“Reindeer,” privateer, built in thirty-five days, viii. 194.
Remusat, Mme. de, v. 235.
Representation, ratio of Congressional, fixed, i. 301.
Republicans (see Party).
Retaliation acts, ii. 397 et seq.
“Revenge,” the, sails with instructions to Monroe respecting the “Leopard” outrage, iv. 39;
returns, 133, 166.
Revenue (see Finances).
Rhea, James, captain in the First United States Infantry, vii. 73.
Rhea, John, member of Congress from Tennessee, on the annexation of West Florida to Louisiana, v. 324;
asserts contract with Napoleon, 343.
Rhine, passed by the allied armies, vii. 373.
Rhode Island, roads in, i. 64;
appoints delegates to the Hartford Convention, viii. 227;
elects federalist congressmen in November, 1814, 228;
cotton manufactures of, depressed by the peace, ix. 96;
federalist in 1816, 133.
Riall, P., British major-general, his force, viii. 38;
takes position behind the Chippawa River, 40;
advances in order of battle, 41;
his report of his defeat, 43, 44;
his loss, 45;
retires toward Burlington, 45;
advances to Lundy’s Lane, 47, 49;
orders retreat, 51;
wounded and captured, 52.
Rice, value of export of, in 1815, ix. 94;
in 1816, 126.
Richardson, ——, lieutenant of Canadian militia, his account of the capture of Detroit, ii. 332;
his description of Kentucky militia, vii. 96, 97.
Rifles, efficiency of, vii. 95; ix. 231;
First Regiment of, viii. 69;
at Fort Erie, 71, 83;
Fourth Regiment of, at Fort Erie, 83;
in the sortie, 87–89.
Rigaud, i. 384, 386.
Ripley, Eleazar Wheelock, colonel of Twenty-first U. S. Infantry, at the battle of Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 188;
promoted to brigadier and sent to Niagara, 409;
his previous history, viii. 35;
his brigade, 36;
crosses the Niagara, 39;
arrives at Chippawa, 40;
not in battle of Chippawa, 43;
advises advance on Burlington Heights, 47;
strength of his brigade, 47;
arrives on the battle-field at Lundy’s Lane, 53;
captures the British position, 54–56;
holds the hill-top, 58;
ordered to retreat, 59;
his losses, 64;
ordered to regain the field of battle, 64, 65;
marches out and returns, 65;
retreats to Fort Erie, 66, 70;
his quarrel with Brown, 66, 67, 81, 85;
fortifies Fort Erie, 67;
strength of his brigade, 69;
repulses assault, 71, 72, 74;
discourages sortie, 85;
desperately wounded in sortie, 88, 89;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88.
Ritchie, John, captain of artillery in Hindman’s battalion, viii. 37;
at Lundy’s Lane, 53;
killed, 58.
Roads, in 1800, i. 2, 5, 11 et seq., 14, 63, 64;
over the Alleghanies in 1800, 2;
Jefferson’s proposed fund for, iii. 2, 345;
through the Creek and Cherokee country, 14;
Jefferson’s anxiety to begin, 19;
Cumberland, 181;
proposed by Gallatin, iv. 364, 365;
and canals, national, recommended by Madison, ix. 105;
encouraged by Virginia in 1816, 163–165;
popular demand for, 168, 169.
Robbins, Jonathan, case of, ii. 333.
Roberts, Jonathan, elected senator, vii. 401.
Robertson, Thomas Bolling, member of Congress from Louisiana, favors protection to sugar, ix. 114.
Robinson, W. H., British commissary-general, his report on the failure of supplies for Upper Canada, viii. 92.
Robinson, ——, major-general in British army, commands light brigade at Plattsburg, viii. 101;
moves on the works, 110, 111.
Rochambeau, General, succeeds Leclerc at St. Domingo, ii. 15; iii. 87.
Rockingham, in New Hampshire, county meeting of, vi. 403, 409.
Rockville, or Montgomery Court House, sixteen miles from Washington, viii. 142;
Winder arrives at, 154, 156.
Rodgers, John, captain in the United States navy, at Tripoli, ii. 429;
president of Barron’s court-martial, iv. 21;
ordered to sea in the “President,” May 6, 1811, vi. 25;
chases the “Little Belt,” 26, 27;
mistakes the “Little Belt” for the “Guerriere,” 29, 30;
his action with the “Little Belt,” 28–36;
his orders in June, 1812, 363, 365, 367, 368;
chases the “Belvidera,” 366;
arrives with his squadron at Boston, 375;
sails again with squadron, 378, 381;
returns, Dec. 31, 1812, 381;
goes to sea April 30, 1813, vii. 285, 287;
erects batteries on the Potomac, viii. 164.
Rodney, Cæsar A., elected to Congress in place of James A. Bayard, ii. 76, 95;
a Republican leader, 100;
defends the Louisiana treaty, 102;
reports Jefferson’s bill for administering Louisiana, 119;
shares in the trial of Judge Chase, 219, 228, 234;
attorney-general, undertakes the prosecution of Burr, iii. 444;
points out the consequences to the Administration of convicting Wilkinson, 455;
his opinion concerning Judge Johnson’s mandamus, iv. 264;
his report on slavery in Indiana, vi. 76;
resigns attorney-generalship, 429.
Rose, George, vice-president of the board of trade, ii. 419;
his view of the Orders in Council, iv. 100, 102;
on the Orders in Council, vi. 276, 277, 281, 283;
yields to an inquiry, 283.
Rose, George Henry, sent as envoy for the adjustment of the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 104; v. 112;
his ignorance of the Orders in Council, iv. 133;
arrives at Norfolk on the “Statira,” 178;
his instructions, 178–182;
his character and qualities, 182;
his description of Congress, 184;
explains to Madison that Jefferson’s proclamation is a stumbling-block, 187;
his letter to Canning, 188;
suggests withdrawal of the proclamation, 190;
explains the new proposals of Jefferson to Canning, 192;
difficulties in the way of following his instructions, 192;
reveals the further disavowals expected, 193;
breaks off negotiation, 196;
makes his parting visits, and has free conversation with Gallatin and Smith, 197;
writes to Canning under Pickering’s influence, 232;
intended as minister to the United States to succeed Erskine, v. 95.
Rosily, Admiral, iv. 298.
Ross, Robert, major-general of the British army, commands expedition to America, viii. 124;
arrives in the Potomac, 127;
lands in the Patuxent, August 19, 1814, 128;
camps at Nottingham, August 21, 129;
camps at Marlboro, August 22, 130;
camps at Old Fields, August 23, 131;
his report of losses at Bladensburg, 144;
enters Washington, 145; ix. 21;
reported by Serurier as setting fire to furniture in the White House, viii. 146;
retires from Washington, 147, 148;
takes part in incendiarism, 164;
lands his army before Baltimore, 168;
killed, 170; ix. 42;
intended for command of New Orleans expedition, viii. 311–313;
his capture of Washington highly approved by the Prince Regent, 314, 315;
his movements synchronous with Jackson’s, 318.
“Rossie,” Baltimore privateer, vii. 316, 335.
“Rota,” British 38-gun frigate, viii. 205, 206.
Rottenburg (see De Rottenburg).
Roumanzoff, Count Nicholas, chancellor of the Russian empire, his language about Austria, v. 134;
declines to interfere in Danish spoliations, 409, 410, 411;
declines to release vessels at Archangel, 415;
protests against ukase, 418;
offers the Czar’s mediation, vii. 27, 29;
left at St. Petersburg, 344, 345;
receives Castlereagh’s refusal of mediation in May, 345, 346;
favors renewing offer, June 20, 347;
authorized by the Czar, July 20, to renew offer, 348;
his conduct perplexes the American commissioners, 349;
his motives, 350;
renews offer of mediation in note of August 28, 351, 353;
mortified by the Czar’s treatment, 353, 354;
assures Gallatin that mediation was the Czar’s idea, 353;
resigns and retires, 354, 355.
Roume, Citizen, French agent in St. Domingo, i. 384, 387.
Round Head, Indian chief, at the River Raisin, vii. 94;
captures Winchester, 96.
Rouse’s Point, difficulty in fortifying, viii. 97, 98.
Rovigo, Duc de (see Savary).
Rule of the war of 1756, that trade illegal in peace should not be permitted in times of war, ii. 322, 323, 329;
affirmed by Lord Mulgrave, iii. 48;
assumed by James Stephen, 51, 53;
applied by the Whigs, 419;
insufficient to protect British trade, iv. 100, 319;
Erskine reports Gallatin ready to concede, 389;
Canning’s demand for express recognition of, v. 53, 55, 72, 104.
“Running ships,” vii. 315.
Rush, Richard, comptroller of the Treasury, vi. 229;
on the loss of the “Chesapeake,” vii. 303;
offered the Treasury, 397;
appointed attorney-general, 398, 399;
attends the President to Bladensburg, viii. 137, 140;
and in the subsequent flight, 149, 150;
returns to Washington, 157.
Russell, Jonathan, charged with legation at Paris, v. 260, 380;
his reports on the revocation of the decrees, 381–395;
blamed by Monroe for questioning the revocation of the French decrees, vi. 42;
blamed by Serurier for his tone, 53;
sent as chargé to the legation at London, 252, 282;
asks proofs that the French decrees are repealed, 252;
his reports from London, 283;
his interview with Castlereagh, Aug. 24, 1812, vii. 2, 3;
nominated minister to Sweden, 59;
nomination not confirmed by the Senate, 62, 63, 71;
confirmed, 64, 371;
at Ghent, ix. 14, 16, 46.
Russia, wishes to exchange ministers with the United States, iv. 465;
declined by Senate, 466;
mission to, declared inexpedient, v. 11;
minister to, appointed, 86;
her rupture with France in 1811, 385, 398, 399, 412–423;
annoyed by American war, vii. 1, 26;
loses and recovers Moscow, 9, 26, 27, 30;
drives Napoleon from Poland and Prussia, 11, 30;
offers mediation to the United States, 28, 29, 41.
(See Alexander, Roumanzoff, Nesselrode.)
Rutledge, John, member of Congress from South Carolina, i. 269, 271.
Ryland, Herman W., secretary to Sir James Craig, iv. 243, 460; v. 86.

Sackett’s Harbor, military importance of, vi. 342, 343;
force concentrated at, in March, 1813, vii. 149, 150;
denuded of troops, 156, 163;
attacked, 164, 165;
attack repulsed, 166–170;
garrison at, in 1814, viii. 91;
to be besieged in the spring of 1815, 92, 118, 119.
Sailors (see Seamen).
St. Augustine (see Florida, East).
St. Cyr, Gouvion, French ambassador at Madrid, pledges France never to alienate Louisiana, i. 400; ii. 61.
St. Domingo ceded to France, i. 354, 378 et seq.;
destruction of the French army in, 414;
relations of United States to, ii. 326;
independence declared, iii. 87;
armed trade with, 87;
Napoleon’s prohibition of, 89;
trade with, prohibited by act of Congress, 141;
character of the act, 142;
Southern reasons for approving, 142.
“St. Lawrence,” British line-of-battle ship, on Lake Ontario, viii. 93.
St. Lawrence River, strategic importance of, vii. 144–147;
Wilkinson’s expedition down, 178–191;
difficulties of transport on, viii. 92;
both banks to be Canadian, ix. 7, 10, 31.
St. Mary’s, seized by British, ix. 62.
St. Mary’s River, v. 165.
Salaberry (see De Salaberry).
Salaries of cabinet officers, vii. 398;
of public officials, ix. 119–122.
Salt, repeal of duty on, iii. 182, 183; vi. 149, 150;
tax to be re-enacted, 157, 166, 167.
“San Domingo,” British ship-of-the-line, vii. 272.
Sandusky River, base of Harrison’s campaigns, vii. 76, 78, 79, 84, 108, 109.
(See Fort Stephenson.)
Sandwich, opposite Detroit, vi. 302;
occupied by Harrison, vii. 132.
Saratoga, i. 92;
Armstrong’s idea of renewing the scene of, vii. 173; viii. 101.
“Saratoga,” Macdonough’s flagship on Lake Champlain, viii. 104;
her armament, 105;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 107–110;
her losses, 111; ix. 234.
Sargent, Daniel, iv. 413.
Sassafras River, in Maryland, Cockburn’s expedition to, vii. 268;
Sir Peter Parker stationed off, viii. 165.
Sauvé, Pierre, ii. 401, 406; iii. 301.
Savannah, threatened by British, ix. 63.
Savary, Duc de Rovigo, v. 241.
Sawyer, British vice-admiral, vi. 368.
Sawyer, Lemuel, member of Congress from North Carolina, v. 184.
Scheldt, British expedition to, v. 107.
Schooner, the swiftest sailer in the world, vi. 48;
privateer, vii. 315, 316;
a wonderful invention, 319, 320; ix. 228, 236;
the triumph of the war, vii. 322, 323.
Schuylers of New York, the, i. 108.
Scott, ——, British colonel of the Hundred-and-third Regiment, at Lundy’s Lane, viii. 50;
leads assault on Fort Erie, 72, 75;
killed, 76, 78.
Scott, Charles, governor of Kentucky, vii. 73.
Scott, Dred, case of, ii. 126, 129.
Scott, Michael, author of “Tom Cringle’s Log,” vii. 321;
his remarks on Yankee sailors and schooners, 321–323.
Scott, Walter, i. 126; ix. 212.
Scott, Sir William, his judgments in admiralty cases, ii. 327;
his judgment in the case of the “Essex,” iii. 44, 45, 47;
news of judgment received in America, 95, 96;
opposes reforms in his court, iv. 96;
his remarks on the right of retaliation, 321;
decides the French decrees to be still in force, vi. 267.
Scott, Winfield, captain of artillery in 1808, vi. 292;
his description of the army, 292;
lieutenant-colonel at Queenston Heights, 351;
surrenders, 352;
colonel of Second U. S. artillery, chief-of-staff to Dearborn, vii. 156, 161;
captures Fort George, 157, 158;
his opinion of Wilkinson, 173;
his opinion of Hampton, 174;
his opinion of Brown, 409;
promoted to brigadier, 409;
drills his brigade at Buffalo, viii. 28, 36;
organization and strength of his brigade, 35;
lands below Fort Erie, 39;
marches on Chippawa, 39, 40;
fights the battle of Chippawa, 41–45;
ordered to march toward Queenston, 50;
attacks British army at Lundy’s Lane, 51–53;
wounded, 58, 66;
his brigade, 236;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88.
“Scourge,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 333.
Seamen, British, their desertion to American service, ii. 332–339;
in the American marine, iii. 94;
desertion of, iv. 1;
foreign, in the American service, vi. 455–457;
foreign, to be excluded from American vessels, vii. 47.
Search, right of, ii. 322;
as understood by Napoleon, v. 137, 145.
Seaver, Ebenezer, member of Congress from Massachusetts, vi. 400.
Sebastian, Judge, iii. 274;
resigns, 293.
Sedition Law (see Acts of Congress).
Seminole Indians, vii. 217, 218.
Semonville, Comte de, his official address, v. 382, 388; vi. 8.
Senate (see Congress).
“Serapis,” British 44-gun frigate, vii. 6.
Sergeant, John, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, ix. 107;
opposes bank, 118;
sent to Europe, 131.
Serurier, Jean Matthieu Philibert, succeeds Turreau as French minister at Washington, v. 345, 346;
his first interview with Robert Smith, 346;
reports the government decided to enforce non-intercourse against Great Britain, 347;
his estimates of Gallatin and Robert Smith, vi. 46–50;
the crisis of his fortune, 52;
reports Monroe’s anger at Napoleon’s conduct, 51, 53, 54, 67;
remonstrates at Barlow’s delay, 55;
his letter of July 19, 1811, on the repeal of Napoleon’s decrees, 60;
his report of Monroe’s and Madison’s remarks on Napoleon’s arrangements, July, 1811, 63, 64;
his report of Madison’s warlike plans in November, 1811, 129, 130;
his reports on Crillon and John Henry’s papers, 178–181;
his report of Madison’s language on the French spoliations, 187;
his report of Monroe’s language regarding the repeal of the French decrees, 188, 189, 194, 195;
his report of Monroe’s remarks on the embargo and war, 200;
remonstrates against suspension of the Non-importation Act, 205;
his remarks on the failure of the loan, 208;
his report of angry feeling against France, 217;
his report of Monroe’s complaints in June, 1812, 231;
his report of Monroe’s language about the occupation of East Florida, 241;
his report of Monroe’s language about negotiation for peace, 415, 416;
his report of Monroe’s military prospects, vii. 35, 36;
his report of fears for the safety of Washington, in July, 1813, 56;
his reports in 1813–1814, 391–395;
his explanation of the abandonment of the restrictive system by Madison, 393–395;
his report of the burning of Washington, viii. 145, 146.
Shaler, Nathaniel, captain of privateer “Governor Tompkins,” vii. 327;
his escape from a man-of-war, 328.
“Shannon,” British frigate, vi. 368;
chases “Constitution,” 370;
stationed off Boston, vii. 281;
captures the “Chesapeake,” 285–303.
Sheaffe, Sir R. H., major-general of the British army in Canada, vi. 349, 351;
his force in the district of Montreal, vii. 194, 195;
Brock’s successor in Upper Canada, viii. 48.
Sheffield, Earl of, his devotion to the British navigation laws, ii. 413; iv. 73.
Shelburne, Lord, his negotiation of 1783, ix. 14.
Shelby, Isaac, governor of Kentucky, vii. 74;
commands the Kentucky volunteers in Canada, 128, 139;
remonstrates against Harrison’s resignation, 410, 411;
his letter of April 8, 1814, on the necessity of peace, viii. 13;
sends Kentucky militia to New Orleans, 327.
Sherbrooke, Sir J. C., British governor of Nova Scotia, occupies Castine and Machias, viii. 95, 96, 174.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, v. 265.
Sherman, Roger Minot, delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292.
Shipherd, Zebulon R., member of Congress from New York, on the approaching fall of the national government in 1814, viii. 277.
Shippers, British, ii. 318, 320.
Shipping, character of, in 1800, i. 6;
American, increase of, ii. 325;
its prosperity in 1809–1810, v. 15, 290;
protection of, 319;
growth of, in Massachusetts, 1800–1816, ix. 159.
Short, William, sent by Jefferson as minister to Russia, iv. 465;
appointment negatived, 466; v. 11.
Sidmouth, Lord (see Addington), Lord Privy Seal, iii. 393; iv. 73;
speech on the Orders in Council, v. 59;
his weariness of the orders, 282, 283;
enters Cabinet, vi. 281.
Silliman, Benjamin, Professor of Chemistry at Yale College, i. 310.
“Siren,” privateer, captures “Landrail,” viii. 195, 196.
Skipwith, Fulwar, U. S. consul at Paris, attacks Livingston, ii. 289; iii. 379.
Slave representation, iv. 458.
Slave-trade, restrictions of, in Louisiana, ii. 122;
Jefferson recommends its abolishment, iii. 347;
debate in Congress on the abolition of, 356.
Slavery, i. 134–136, 150, 154;
in Indiana, vi. 75–77;
stimulus to, in 1815, ix. 94.
Sloan, James, member of Congress from New Jersey, iii. 160, 174, 183, 357;
moves that the seat of government be moved to Philadelphia, iv. 208.
Sloops-of-war, in the U. S. navy (see “Wasp,” “Hornet,” “Argus,” “Syren,” “Nautilus”);
act of Congress for building six, vi. 449;
their cost, vii. 310;
their size and force, 311;
their efficiency compared with frigates, 312;
six new, ordered to be built, 313;
twenty authorized by Act of November 15, 1814, viii. 281;
their record in 1814, 181–193.
Smilie, John, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, iii. 359, 362; iv. 213; v. 204.
“Smith Faction,” the, in Congress, iv. 428.
Smith, Senator Israel, of Vermont, ii. 218.
Smith, John, senator from Ohio, ii. 218; iii. 175;
under the influence of Burr, 220;
sends letter to Burr by Peter Taylor, 275;
Burr’s reply, 276;
refuses to testify, 282;
his complicity in Burr’s schemes investigated, iv. 208.
Smith, John, senator from New York, ii. 153, 218.
Smith, John Cotton, member of Congress from Connecticut, i. 269; iii. 132, 143, 242;
governor of Connecticut, on the report of the Hartford Convention, viii. 304, 305.
Smith, John Spear, chargé in London, vi. 21, 267.
Smith, Nathaniel, delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 294.
Smith, Robert, appointed Secretary of the Navy, i. 220 et seq.;
promises economies, 272;
dissuades Jefferson from proposing constitutional amendment, ii. 83;
consents to reduction of navy estimates, 136;
homme fort poli, 373, 374;
uncle of Mrs. Jerome Bonaparte, 377–379;
a gentleman and a soldier, 431;
asks to be made attorney-general, January, 1805, appointed and commissioned as attorney-general, but continues Secretary of the Navy, iii. 10–12;
his opinion on Monroe’s Spanish negotiation, 68;
his letter to Jefferson on Burr’s conspiracy, 331;
wishes a call of the Senate to consider Monroe’s treaty, 432;
acts as Jefferson’s intermediator with Rose, iv. 188–191;
talks freely with Rose, 197;
dislikes the embargo, 261;
his opinions reported by Erskine, 384;
regarded as extravagant by Gallatin, 425, 428;
offered the Treasury Department, v. 7, 379;
becomes Secretary of State, 8, 10;
his language about war with France, 35;
his letter to Erskine accepting settlement of the “Chesapeake” affair, 68, 69, 89;
his replies to Canning’s three conditions, 71–73;
his remarks to Turreau on Jefferson’s weakness and indiscretions, 84;
introduces F. J. Jackson to the President, 120;
his interviews with Jackson, 122–124, 126;
his incompetence, 159;
Madison’s resentment of his conduct on Macon’s bill, 186, 187;
his supposed quarrels in the Cabinet, 188;
opposed to Madison’s course toward France, 296, 297, 366, 374, 375, 378;
notifies Turreau of the President’s intention to revive the non-intercourse against England, 302, 303;
explains to Turreau the occupation of West Florida, 313;
his first interviews with Serurier, 340, 347;
irritates Madison by questioning Serurier, 350;
his abilities, 363, 376;
his removal from the State Department, 375–377;
his Address to the People, 378;
his retort against Madison, 379;
Serurier’s estimate of, vi. 46–50;
his remark about American schooners, 48;
his comments on Jefferson, Madison, and Clinton, 48;
his pamphlet reveals secrets annoying to Madison, 54.
Smith, Samuel, member of Congress from Maryland, appointed temporarily Secretary of the Navy, i. 219, 245;
his character, 267;
moves to purchase Louisiana, 433;
his vote on Chase’s impeachment, ii. 238;
his wish to be minister to Paris, 378;
senator from Maryland, iii. 83, 126;
his Non-importation Resolutions, 146, 150, 151;
his wish for diplomatic office, 152, 153;
his opposition to Armstrong’s appointment defeated, 153, 172;
punished by Jefferson, 168, 170;
his view of the President’s course, 169, 170;
writes to Nicholas respecting Burr’s conspiracy, 335;
annoyed at Jefferson’s ignoring the army in annual message, 348, 349;
his letters to W. C. Nicholas respecting Jefferson’s rejection of Monroe’s treaty, 431 et seq.;
on the embargo committee, iv. 172;
his hostility to Gallatin, 425, 428;
defeats Gallatin’s appointment as Secretary of State, v. 4–7;
his quarrel with Gallatin, 10, 11;
votes for mission to Russia, 11;
re-elected to the Senate, 159;
his support of Giles, 180;
defeats Macon’s bill, 185, 192, 193;
his motives, 185, 186, 187, 192;
reports bill of his own, 197, 198;
moves censure of Pickering, 322;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 335, 336;
his abilities, 363;
opposes every financial proposal, vi. 234;
votes against occupying East Florida, 243;
in opposition, vii. 48;
votes against Gallatin’s Russian mission, 59;
opposes seizure of East Florida, 209;
no chance of re-election, 399;
major-general of Maryland militia, refuses to yield command of Baltimore to Winder, viii. 167, 168;
sends Stricker’s brigade to meet the enemy, 169;
member of the House in 1815–1817, ix. 107;
supports Bank, 116.
Smith, Thomas A., colonel of Rifles, promoted to brigadier-general, vii. 409.
Smith, William Steuben, surveyor of the Port of New York, in Miranda’s confidence, iii. 189;
removed from office and indicted, 195, 208;
his trial, 208;
his acquittal, 209;
connected with Burr, 263, 265.
Smith and Ogden, case of, iii. 208, 450.
Smyth, Alexander, inspector-general of United States army, with rank of brigadier, vi. 353;
arrives at Buffalo with brigade, 346;
his disagreement with Van Rensselaer, 346, 348;
ordered to take command, 353;
his Niagara campaign, 354–358;
dropped from the army-roll, 358.
Snake Hill, western end of the American lines at Fort Erie, viii. 71, 86;
assaulted, 72–75, 79.
Snyder, Simon, chosen governor of Pennsylvania, iv. 286; v. 13;
vetoes bill creating forty-one banks, viii. 16.
Somers, Lieutenant, at Tripoli, ii. 427.
“Sophie,” 18-gun British sloop-of-war, appears off Barataria, viii. 321;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 322–324.
South Carolina in 1800, i. 37;
brilliant prospects of, 39, 149 et seq.;
decides the election of 1800, 150;
contrast in the character of its people, 153 et seq.;
creates a State army, viii. 283.
Spain, relations of, with the United States, i. 337 et seq.;
clumsiness of her colonial system, 419;
declares war with England, ii. 303;
Jefferson’s expectation of bickering with, iii. 8;
Monroe’s negotiation with, 23–36;
effect of Monroe’s negotiation with, on Jefferson and Madison, 54–79;
expected war with, 61, 62, 99, 118, 128, 189;
Gallatin’s opinion of Monroe’s negotiation with, 66;
Robert Smith’s opinion, 68;
negotiation with, not to be converted into a French job, 70, 77;
Cabinet decision to transfer negotiation to Paris, and offer five millions for West Florida, 78;
Merry’s report on, 96;
Madison’s remarks to Merry, 98;
Talleyrand’s proposed settlement with, 103, 106;
accepted by Jefferson, 106;
notice of unfriendly relations with, in Jefferson’s annual message of 1805, 112;
Jefferson’s comments on, to Turreau, 125;
Jefferson’s secret message on, Dec. 6, 1805, 130, 177;
Randolph’s remarks on the policy toward, 178;
relations with French finance, 372;
her “perfidy and injustice,” 437;
her condition in 1807, iv. 115, 116;
occupied by French armies, 119, 122, 293, 297;
collapse of government in, 298;
Joseph Bonaparte crowned king of, 300;
revolution of the Dos de Maio, 300–302, 315;
its effect in America, 339–343;
Napoleon and Moore’s campaigns in, v. 22–28;
Wellesley’s campaigns in, 268.
Spanish America, Napoleon’s policy toward, ii. 54; iv. 300–303, 316; v. 32, 33, 384, 385, 407;
Jefferson’s wishes regarding, iv. 340–342; v. 37, 38;
Madison’s policy toward, 38, 39, 305–315;
Spencer Perceval’s policy toward, 269, 283, 284;
movements for independence in, 305;
Henry Clay’s policy toward, ix. 109.
Spanish claims convention, ii. 249;
defeated in the Senate, 250;
ratified, 278;
conditions on ratification imposed by Spain, 280;
conditions withdrawn by Spain, iii. 26.
Specie in the United States in 1810, v. 330;
large sums of, sent to Canada, vii. 146, 389; viii. 94;
drain of, to New England, 1810–1814, vii. 387–389; viii. 15, 16;
premium on, in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, Feb. 1, 1815, 214;
premium on, in the autumn of 1815, ix. 98;
influx of, in 1816, 127.
Specie payments, suspended in August and September, 1814, by State banks, except in New England, viii. 213, 214;
suspended by Treasury of the United States, 215;
power to suspend, in Dallas’s scheme for a national bank, 251; ix. 117;
ordered to be resumed by the Treasury, on Feb. 20, 1817, ix. 118, 119, 128;
resisted by State banks, 129;
resumed Feb. 20, 1817, 131, 132.
Spence, Lieutenant, carries letters from Bollman to Burr, iii. 309.
Spence, William, iv. 69;
his pamphlet “Britain independent of Commerce,” 329.
Spencer, Ambrose, i. 109, 112, 228, 233.
Spencer, P., captain of the British sloop-of-war “Carron,” reconnoitres Bayou Bienvenu, viii. 338.
Spoliations, British, in 1805, i. 45, 73, 108;
sensation excited, 109, 118, 125;
indemnities asked for, at Ghent, ix. 18;
abandoned, 52.
—— French, on American commerce within Spanish jurisdiction in 1797–1798, i. 350;
excluded from the treaty of 1800, 361–363;
included in Louisiana treaty, ii. 30, 31, 40–42, 46–50, 51, 60, 61;
of every kind, indemnified by treaty of 1800, 297;
insisted upon by Monroe, iii. 23, 25, 29, 30;
forbidden by France, 32;
Monroe’s proposition regarding, 35;
Madison’s suggestion regarding, 60;
Cabinet decision regarding, 107;
in 1807–1808, iv. 292, 293, 312; v. 30;
in 1809, v. 151, 152, 220, 255;
value of, 242, 243;
Madison’s anger at, 292;
Madison’s demand for indemnity, 295, 296;
their municipal character, 299;
their justification as reprisals, 230, 232, 234, 237, 254, 258, 259, 388, 391, 396;
in Denmark, 409, 411;
not matter of discussion, vi. 54, 125;
Madison’s language regarding, 187;
Monroe’s language regarding, 188, 189;
new, reported in March, 1812, 193, 224, 251;
in June, 231;
probable value of, 247.
—— Spanish, in 1805, iii. 37, 67, 78, 107.
Spotts, Samuel, first lieutenant of artillery, in the night battle at New Orleans, viii. 345.
Stage-coaches, travel by, i. 11 et seq.
Stanford, Richard, member of Congress from North Carolina, on armaments in 1808, iv. 214;
votes against Giles’s resolution, v. 182;
his retort on Calhoun, vi. 144;
his speech on war, 146;
votes for legal tender paper, viii. 254;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107, 118.
Stanley, Lord, vi. 283.
Stansbury, Tobias E., brigadier-general of Maryland militia commanding brigade at Bladensburg, viii. 140, 156;
criticises Monroe, 151.
State armies, created by Massachusetts, viii. 221, 225, 272, 282;
one of the causes that led to the Constitution of 1789, 282;
created by New York, 282;
by Pennsylvania and Maryland, 282;
by Virginia, South Carolina, and Kentucky, 283;
demanded by Hartford Convention, 284, 297;
Joseph Hopkinson’s remarks on, 286;
of Massachusetts, suspended for want of money, 303.
State Department (see James Madison, Robert Smith, James Monroe).
States rights, asserted by Virginia, i. 138–140;
by Kentucky, 140–143;
by Georgia, 304; ii. 215;
affected by Jefferson’s acts, i. 203, 205, 254, 255, 260, 263, 298; ii. 78, 85, 90, 114, 118, 125, 130, 203, 205, 210;
Gallatin’s attitude toward, i. 116; ii. 79, 80;
Bayard on, i. 292;
Randolph on, ii. 97, 98, 104, 120, 209, 211;
Nicholson on, 102, 209;
Rodney on, 103, 119;
Pickering on, 105;
John Taylor of Caroline on, 105–107;
Breckenridge on, 109, 121;
W. C. Nicholas on, 111–113;
Chief-Justice Taney on, 127;
Justice Campbell on, 127–129;
affected by Jefferson’s acts, iii. 3, 18, 19, 346; iv. 363, 364, 454;
affected by Acts of Congress, iii. 142, 355, 361, 364, 366;
affected by the system of embargo, iv. 251–271, 273, 408–419, 456–459;
mentioned in Madison’s Inaugural Address, v. 4;
affected by the use of militia in war, vi. 159, 160;
affected by the war, vii. 67;
asserted in Massachusetts in February, 1814, viii. 5–8;
asserted by New England in September, 1814, 220–228;
championed by Randolph in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 110, 111;
affected by decisions of Supreme Court, 188–192;
affected by consistent action of government, 193.
“Statira,” British frigate, viii. 316.
Status ante bellum, the best terms of peace obtainable, ix. 9;
not offered by Madison, 12;
not offered by England at Ghent, in August, 1814, 21;
opposed to uti possidetis, 33, 34;
offered by American commissioners, 37, 49.
Steam-battery, appropriation for, vii. 385.
Steamboat, Fulton’s, i. 69, 71, 182; iii. 20, 216; iv. 135;
experiments of Evans and Stevens, iii. 217;
use of, in 1816, ix. 167, 168, 170–172;
relative character of invention, 236.
Steam-engines in America in 1800, i. 66, 68, 70.
Stephen, James, author of “War in Disguise,” iii. 50–53;
reprints Randolph’s speech, 396;
assists in framing Spencer Perceval’s Orders in Council, iv. 57, 100, 102;
his opinion of Brougham’s speech on the orders, 323;
his speech of March 6, 1809, v. 60, 65;
his remarks on Erskine’s arrangement, 98;
on the orders, vi. 276;
yields to a parliamentary inquiry, 284.
Stevens, Edward, consul-general at St. Domingo, i. 385 et seq., 389.
Stevens, John, his character and social position, i. 69, 182;
his experiments with a screw-propeller in 1804, iii. 217;
relative merit of his invention, ix. 236.
Stewart, Charles, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
captain in U. S. navy, vii. 293;
commands “Constitution,” ix. 74;
his action with the “Cyane” and “Levant,” 75, 77;
escapes British squadron, 78.
Stockton, Richard, member of Congress from New Jersey, threatens rebellion, viii. 277, 278.
Stoddert, Benjamin, i. 192, 219.
Stone, Senator David, of North Carolina, ii. 95, 157; iii. 139;
re-elected senator from North Carolina, vii. 49;
censured and resigns, 399; ix. 107.
Stony Creek, battle of, vii. 159, 160.
Story, Joseph, his description of Fulton’s discouragements, i. 71;
of Marshall, 193, 260;
of Jefferson’s dress, ii. 366;
describes Giles, iv. 205;
opinion on the constitutionality of the embargo, 270;
elected a member of Congress from Massachusetts, 358;
in opposition to Jefferson and the embargo, 358;
letter describing the state of opinion at Washington, 370;
determined to overthrow the embargo, 432, 455, 463;
retires from Congress, v. 76;
obnoxious to Jefferson, 359;
Speaker of Massachusetts legislature, resigns to become Justice of Supreme Court, viii. 36;
his opinion in the case of Martin against Hunter’s lessee, ix. 190–192.
Stowell, Lord (see Sir William Scott).
Street, John Wood’s colleague, iii. 273.
Street’s Creek (see Chippawa).
Stricker, John, brigadier-general of Maryland militia, sent to meet Ross’s army, viii. 169;
his battle, 169, 170.
Strong, Caleb, re-elected governor of Massachusetts in April, 1805, iii. 9;
again in April, 1806, 207;
defeated in April, 1807, iv. 146;
again in April, 1808, 242;
re-elected governor of Massachusetts in April, 1812, vi. 204;
his Fast Proclamation, 399;
declines to obey call for militia, 400;
calls out three companies, 400;
re-elected in 1813, vii. 50;
his speech to the legislature Jan. 12, 1814, viii. 2;
places militia under a State major-general, 221;
his address to the State legislature Oct. 5, 1814, 222, 223;
his letter to Pickering on the British demands, 287, 288; ix. 45;
approves report of Hartford Convention, viii. 301;
his message of Jan. 18, 1815, announcing failure of loan, 302, 303;
succeeded by Governor Brooks, ix. 133.
Strother (see Fort Strother).
Stuart, Gilbert, i. 127.
“Subaltern in America” (see Gleig), quoted, viii. 129, 140, 141, 143, 144.
Suffrage in Massachusetts and New York, vii. 50.
Sugar, stimulated production of, and subsequent glut in the West Indies, ii. 415;
parliamentary report on, in 1807, iv. 67, 68;
price of, in February, 1815, ix. 61.
Sullivan, James, governor of Massachusetts, iv. 146;
receives Pickering’s letter for the State legislature, 237;
declines to convey it, 240;
his reply, 241;
re-elected, 242;
replies to Jefferson’s demand to stop importing provisions, 254;
his death, 416.
Sullivan, William, iv. 411.
Sumter, Thomas, senator from South Carolina, iii. 139;
appointed minister to Brazil, v. 11.
“Sun,” London newspaper, on Madison, ix. 3.
Supreme Court, the, i. 274;
sessions suspended for a year by Congress, ii. 143.
(See Marshall, Chase, Impeachment.)
Sutcliffe, Robert, i. 34.
Swartwout, John, i. 109, 230;
his duel with De Witt Clinton, 332;
marshal of New York, iii. 189;
removed from office, 208;
Jefferson’s reasons for removing him, 209.
Swartwout, Robert, quartermaster-general under Wilkinson, vii. 177;
commands brigade, 184, 189.
Swartwout, Samuel, one of Burr’s adventurers, iii. 252, 255, 263, 265;
carries despatches to Wilkinson, 295;
pursues General Wilkinson, 309;
arrives at Natchitoches, and delivers Burr’s letter to Wilkinson, 311;
arrested at Fort Adams, 319, 460;
discharged from custody, 340.
Sweden, Bernadotte, Prince of, v. 424;
his rupture with Napoleon, 425, 426;
Napoleon declares war on, vi. 251;
mission to, declared inexpedient by the Senate, vii. 62–64.
Swedish Pomerania, v. 425.
Swift, Joseph Gardner, colonel of engineers, ix. 235.
“Syren,” American 16-gun sloop-of-war, v. 378;
captured July 12, 1814, viii. 193;
at New Orleans, vii. 312.

Talishatchee, Creek village, destroyed by Jackson, vii. 237.
Talladega, Creek village, relieved by Jackson, vii. 238.
Tallapoosa River, home of the Upper Creeks, vii. 217, 220, 240, 242;
Jackson’s first campaign to, 245–248;
Jackson’s second campaign to, 254–257.
Talleyrand, i. 335;
his colonial schemes, 352 et seq.;
becomes French minister of foreign affairs, 353;
his negotiations with the American commissioners, 355;
his instructions for Guillemardet, 355;
his mistakes, 357;
obliged by the X. Y. Z. affair to retire, 358;
restored by Bonaparte, 359, 412;
his letter with regard to Louisiana, 400;
denies the retrocession of Louisiana, 409;
his instructions to Bernadotte, ii. 11;
opposes the cession of Louisiana, 25;
proposes it to Livingston, 27;
explanation of the sale of Louisiana, 55;
assures Cevallos of Napoleon’s opposition to the American claims, 293;
his instructions to Turreau, 295;
reassures Cevallos, 297;
his attitude toward the United States, 309;
report to the Emperor on Monroe’s note, 310;
answer to Monroe, 313;
forbids discussion of Spanish spoliation claims, iii. 26, 30;
rejects American claim to West Florida, 26, 54;
his share in the Spanish negotiations, 34, 41;
his jobbery, 41;
writes to Armstrong the Emperor’s demands concerning trade with St. Domingo, 90;
sends an agent to Armstrong to suggest an arrangement between the United States and Spain, 103;
informs Armstrong that the King of Spain refuses to alienate Florida, 377;
prompts Armstrong to renew his request for the Floridas, 380;
rebukes Vandeul for precipitancy in the Florida matter, 384;
created Prince of Benevento, 385;
removed from office, iv. 107;
his letter of Dec. 21, 1804, on the boundaries of Louisiana, v. 321, 322.
Taney, Chief-Justice, opinion of, respecting governmental powers in the Louisiana case, ii. 126, 128.
Tariff of 1816, ix. 111–116.
“Tartarus,” British 20-gun sloop-of-war, with the “Avon” and “Castilian,” viii. 189, 190, 192.
Taxes, abolition of, in 1801, i. 240, 270, 272.
Taxes, war, vi. 157, 165, 166;
postponed, 168, 204;
reported June 26, 1812, 235;
postponed by Congress, 235, 444;
bill for, 447;
bills passed in July and August, 1813, vii. 53–55, 67;
receipts of, paid in Treasury notes or the notes of suspended banks, viii. 244, 245, 256, 257;
doubled in 1814, 248, 255, 261;
arrears of, in October, 1814, 255, 256;
internal, shifted to customs in 1816, ix. 112.
Tayler, John, ii. 177.
Taylor, James, vi. 414.
Taylor, John, member of Congress from South Carolina, author of Macon’s bill No. 2, v. 194;
his speech, 195, 196;
introduces Bank Charter, 208.
Taylor, John, of Caroline, i. 143, 146, 263, 338; ii. 94;
his remarks on the Louisiana purchase, 105;
his advice to Monroe, v. 369, 370;
Monroe’s letter to, June 13, 1812, vi. 66;
his remarks on the presidential election of 1812, 414, 417;
his “Inquiry,” ix. 195–197.
Taylor, John W., member of Congress from New York, vii. 398.
Taylor, Josiah, lieutenant of Second Infantry, iii. 303.
Taylor, Peter, evidence of, concerning Blennerhassett’s delusion, iii. 259;
sent with a warning letter to Burr, 275.
Taylor, Robert, brigadier-general of Virginia militia at Norfolk, vii. 271.
Taylor, Zachary, captain in the Seventh U. S. Infantry, vii. 73.
Tazewell, Littleton Waller, iii. 459, 465; iv. 28; v. 161; ix. 124.
Tea, price of, in February, 1815, ix. 61.
Tecumthe, residence of, in 1805, iii. 15;
his origin, vi. 78;
his plan of Indian confederation, 78, 79;
establishes himself at Tippecanoe, 79;
character of his village, 80;
joined by the Wyandots, 83;
his conference with Harrison, Aug. 12, 1810, 85–88;
seizes salt in June, 1811, 90;
his talk at Vincennes, July 27, 1811, 91;
starts for the Creek country, 92;
his account of the affair at Tippecanoe, 105, 109;
returns from the Creek country, 108;
his reply to British complaints, 109;
his speech of May 16, 1812, 111;
joins the British at Malden, 329, 330;
routs Ohio militia, 315;
at the battle of Maguaga, 326;
at the capture of Detroit, 332;
absent at the River Raisin, vii. 94;
at the siege of Fort Meigs, 104, 106;
stops massacre, 107;
reported to be moving against Harrison, 110, 111;
protests against evacuation of Malden, 130;
killed at the battle of the Thames, 140–143;
his visit to the Creeks in October, 1811, 220;
his speech to the Creeks, 221;
effect of his visit to the Creeks, 222, 223;
his intentions regarding the southern Indians, 232.
Temperance in United States in 1800, i. 47.
Tenallytown, near Washington, Winder’s halt at, viii. 154.
“Tenedos,” 46-gun British frigate, vii. 285, 286, 293;
captures privateer “Enterprise,” 329;
chases “President,” ix. 64, 67.
Tennessee, population of, in 1800, i. 2;
militia, ordered into service, Dec. 10, 1812, vii. 207;
dismissed, 209, 210;
recalled into service, 235;
claim discharge, 239;
return home, 239, 240;
sixty-day, join Jackson, 245;
routed at Enotachopco Creek, 246–248;
disciplined by Jackson, 252, 253;
losses of, at the Horse-shoe, 256;
the whole quota called out by Jackson, Aug. 27, 1814, viii. 320;
march for Mobile, 328;
ordered to New Orleans, 332, 333;
reach New Orleans, 337;
growth of population, ix. 155.
Terre aux Bœufs, encampment at, v. 171–175.
Terry, Eli, i. 181.
Texas, a part of the Louisiana purchase, ii. 7, 256, 294, 298, 300;
boundary, iii. 33;
Spanish definition of boundary, 34;
included in the Louisiana purchase, 40;
Spanish establishments in, to be dislodged, 69, 80;
to be confirmed to Spain, and hypothecated to the United States, 78;
to be purchased, 139;
threatening military movements in, 310.
Thacher, Rev. Samuel Cooper, Unitarian clergyman, ix. 178, 179;
editor of the “Anthology,” 202.
Thames, Harrison’s victory on the, vii. 128–143.
“Thanatopsis,” ix. 207–209.
Theatre in New England in 1800, i. 49, 90.
Thiers, Louis Adolphe, on Napoleon, v. 225, 226, 236.
Thomas, John, major-general of Kentucky militia, ordered to New Orleans, viii. 336, 337;
arrives at New Orleans, 368;
unwell, 378.
Thompson, Smith, i. 108.
Thornton, Edward, his description of the inauguration of Jefferson, i. 198, 436, 440;
letter to Hammond, ii. 342, 388;
complains that desertion of seamen is encouraged, 345;
Jefferson’s confidential relations with, 347;
proposals with regard to Monroe’s mission, 351;
on change of tone in 1804, 387, 388.
Thornton, Dr. William, i. 111; viii. 239.
Thornton, William, colonel of British Eighty-fifth Light Infantry, leads attack at Bladensburg, viii. 141;
severely wounded, 144;
leads the advance to New Orleans, 338, 342;
his brigade, 344, 347;
in the night battle of December 23, 1814, 348;
ordered to cross the river, 371–373;
crosses, 375;
captures Patterson’s battery, 377;
wounded, 378;
recalled, 381.
“Tiber,” British frigate, captures privateer “Leo,” viii. 196.
Ticknor, George, i. 63, 94;
reports Eppes’s remark to Gaston, viii. 262;
reports John Adams’s remark on George Cabot, 307, 308;
reports Jefferson’s remark on the British at New Orleans, 309;
professor of Belles Lettres in Harvard College, ix. 206.
“Ticonderoga,” 17-gun schooner, in Macdonough’s fleet on Lake Champlain, viii. 105;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 110.
Tiffin, Edward, governor of Ohio, iii. 282, 286, 289, 334, 335;
senator from Ohio, moves an amendment to the Constitution, iv. 205.
Tilsit, treaty of, iv. 62, 105, 140.
“Times,” the London, on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 44, 54, 132; viii. 201;
on the Orders in Council, v. 62;
on English apathy toward the United States, vi. 24;
on an American war, 287;
on the “Guerriere,” vii. 5, 14;
on the conduct of the war in 1812, 9, 357;
on American privateers in the West Indies, 12;
on the “Macedonian,” 13;
on the “Java,” 16;
on the Foreign Seamen Bill, 25;
on President Madison, 357, 358;
on the execution of British subjects taken in arms, 362;
on the American cruisers, viii. 210, 211;
on Madison, ix. 2, 3;
on terms of peace, 4;
on the defeat at Plattsburg, 35;
on the Ghent correspondence, 43;
on the Treaty, 55, 56.
Tin, price of, in February, 1815, ix. 61.
Tingey, Thomas, captain in U. S. navy, commandant of Washington navy-yard, sets fire to vessels in the Eastern Branch, viii. 145.
Tippecanoe Creek, vi. 68, 79;
Indian settlement at, 80;
character of, 81;
to be a large Indian resort, 91;
to be broken up, 92, 94;
Harrison’s march on, 97;
arrival at, 98;
camp at, 101;
battle of, 103;
characterized by Tecumthe, 105, 109, 111;
retreat from, 106;
Harrison’s estimate of effect of battle, 107, 108;
charged upon England, 140, 143.
Tobacco, value of exported, in 1815, ix. 94;
in 1816, 126.
Todd, Thomas, associate justice, vii. 74.
“Tom,” Baltimore privateer captured, vii. 329.
“Tom Cringle’s Log,” vii. 321–323.
Tompkins, Daniel D., elected governor of New York in 1807, iv. 283;
his attempts to enforce the embargo, 249, 259;
his prevention of the Bank Charter, vi. 209;
re-elected in May, 1813, vii. 50; viii. 12;
candidate for the Presidency, vii. 403;
offered the State Department, viii. 163;
recommends a State army, 282;
nominated as Vice-President, ix. 122, 123;
elected Vice-President, 139.
Töplitz in Bohemia, the Czar’s headquarters, vii. 351.
Toronto (see York).
Torpedo, Fulton’s, v. 209.
Totten, Joseph G., captain of engineers, vi. 350, 352;
major of engineers, constructs the fortifications of Plattsburg, viii. 108; ix. 236.
Town-meetings held in Massachusetts to resist the embargo, iv. 410;
Jefferson’s opinion of, 442;
in January, 1814, viii. 5–7.
Towson, Nathan, captain of artillery, vi. 347;
captain of artillery company in Hindman’s battalion, viii. 37;
attached to Scott’s brigade at Chippawa, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50–52, 53, 56;
commands artillery on Snake Hill, 71, 72, 74.
Tracy, Uriah, senator from Connecticut, on the Louisiana treaty, ii. 107;
believes disunion inevitable, 160, 162;
votes against the impeachment of Chase, 238;
his death, iv. 146.
Trafalgar, battle of, iii. 149, 370.
Travel in America, difficulties of, in 1800, i. 11 et seq.
Treason, Marshall’s law of, iii. 443, 467;
Giles’s bill for the punishment of, iv. 205.
Treasury (see Gallatin, Jones, Campbell, Dallas).
Treasury Notes, five millions authorized in January, 1813, vi. 448;
ten millions authorized in March, 1814, vii. 390; viii. 18;
Campbell’s only resource, 213, 242;
discount on, Feb. 1, 1815, 214, 261;
six millions as much as could easily be circulated, 242;
no one willing to accept, 244;
fifteen millions to be issued, 261;
value of, affected by the peace, ix. 62;
issues of, 90;
Dallas’s failure to fund, in 1815, 84, 98–103.
Treaties, with European powers, preliminary, between Great Britain, France, and Spain, Nov. 3, 1762, i. 353; ii. 7, 70;
definitive, between the same, Feb. 10, 1763, i. 353; ii. 6;
definitive, between Great Britain and Spain, Sept. 3, 1783, i. 353;
definitive, between the United States and Great Britain, Sept. 3, 1783, ii. 90, 411; ix. 31, 44–49;
Jay’s, between the United States and Great Britain, Nov. 19, 1794, i. 348; ii. 316, 334, 339, 355, 421, 424; iii. 401;
article xii. of, 410;
of Basle, between Spain and France, July 22, 1795, i. 354;
Pinckney’s, between the United States and Spain, Oct. 27, 1795, 348, 349; ii. 246; iii. 38;
between Toussaint and Maitland, June 13, 1799, i. 385;
of Morfontaine, between the United States and France, Sept. 30, 1800, 362, 388; ii. 21, 42, 46, 47, 293, 296, 297, 383;
of San Ildefonso (Berthier’s), between Spain and France, retroceding Louisiana, Oct. 1, 1800, i. 370, 401, 403; ii. 43, 58, 70, 254; iii. 38;
of Lunéville, between France and Austria, Feb. 9, 1801, i. 370;
of Lucien Bonaparte, between Spain and France, March 21, 1801, 372, 406, 409; ii. 299;
of Badajos, between Spain and Portugal, June 5, 1801, i. 372;
preliminary, between Great Britain and France, Oct. 1, 1801, 374; ii. 344;
settling British debts between Great Britain and the United States, Jan. 8, 1802, 358, 410;
of Amiens, between Great Britain and France, March 25, 1802, 59, 290, 326, 347, 385, 414, 416;
of claims between the United States and Spain, Aug. 11, 1802, 21, 250, 259, 278, 280, 293, 296, 297, 383;
between France and the United States, ceding Louisiana and settling claims, 39–49, 51, 67, 85, 88, 92, 97, 100, 102, 105, 107, 108, 111, 245, 275, 289, 302, 308, 355, 399–401;
between the United States and Great Britain for settling boundaries, May 12, 1803, 358, 383, 384, 391, 392, 410, 420, 424;
between the United States and Tripoli, Nov. 4, 1796, i. 244;
June 4, 1805, ii. 434, 436;
of Pressburg, between France and Austria, Dec. 26, 1805, iii. 163, 370;
with England, of Dec. 1, 1806 (Monroe’s), iii. 409 et seq., 422, 429–436, 438; iv. 48–51, 129, 144, 154; ix. 33;
of Tilsit, between France and Russia, July 7, 1807, iv. 62;
of Fontainebleau, between France and Spain, Oct. 27, 1807, iv. 119;
of Dec. 24, 1814, with Great Britain at Ghent, ix. 1–53;
of Feb. 22, 1819, between the United States and Spain, ceding Florida, vi. 237.
—— Indian, of Greenville, Aug. 3, 1795, for the establishment of peace and boundaries with Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanese, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawatamies, Miamies, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias, iii. 13; vi. 79; ix. 19, 20;
of June 16, 1802, with the Creek nation, ceding land between the forks of the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers in Georgia, vii. 220;
of Aug. 13, 1803, with the Kaskaskia Indians, ceding lands, ii. 92;
of Aug. 18, 1804, with the Delaware Indians ceding land, ii. 207; vi. 75;
of Aug. 27, 1804, with the Piankeshaw Indians, ceding land, iii. 13; vi. 75, 77;
of Nov. 3, 1804, with the Creek nation, ceding all the land between Oconee and Ocmulgee, vii. 220;
of July 4, 1805, with Wyandots, Ottawas, Chippewas, Munsee and Delaware Shawanese, and Pottawatamies, ceding land to the hundred-and-twentieth mile due west of the west boundary of Pennsylvania, iii. 13;
of July 23, 1805, with Chickasaws, ceding lands on the Tennessee and Duck rivers, iii. 14;
of Aug. 21, 1805, with the Delawares, Pottawatamies, Miamies, Eel River, and Weas, at Grouseland near Vincennes, ceding land, vi. 75;
of Oct. 25 and 27, 1805, with Cherokees, ceding land, iii. 14;
of Nov. 14, 1805, with Creeks, ceding land, iii. 14;
of Dec. 30, 1805, with Piankeshaws, ceding land, iii. 13;
of Nov. 7, 1807, with the Ottawas, Chippewas, Wyandots, and Pottawatamies, at Detroit, ceding lands, vi. 82;
of Sept 30, 1809, with the Delawares, Pottawatamies, Miamies, and Eel River Miamies, at Fort Wayne, ceding lands, vi. 83, 85, 87;
or capitulation of Aug. 9, 1814, with Creek chiefs, ceding lands, vii. 259–261;
of peace, July 22, 1814, with Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanese, Senecas, and Miamies, vii. 261; ix. 32.
Treaty of June 30, 1815, between the United States and Algiers, of peace and amity, 105.
—— of July 3, 1815, between the United States and Great Britain, to regulate commerce, ix. 104.
Treaty-making power, defined by W. C. Nicholas, ii. 87, 88, 112;
by Jefferson, 89, 90;
by Gaylord Griswold, 96, 97;
by Randolph, 98, 99;
by Gouverneur Morris, 100;
by Nicholson, 101;
by Rodney, 102, 103;
by Pickering, 105;
by John Taylor of Caroline, 106, 107;
by Tracy, 108;
by Breckinridge, 109;
by J. Q. Adams, 111;
by Cocke, 113;
summary of opinions on, 114, 115.
Trimble, W. H., major of Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, in Fort Erie, viii. 75;
his account of the British assault, 76, 77;
wounded in sortie, 88.
Tripoli, the war with, ii. 137, 426 et seq.;
Pacha of, 430;
peace with, 436;
visited by Decatur in 1815, ix. 105.
Tristan d’Acunha, scene of “Hornet’s” battle with “Penguin,” ix. 71.
Troup, George McIntosh, member of Congress from Georgia, favors army, iv. 213;
opposes war, 377;
opposes Macon’s bill, v. 185;
on maintaining the army, 202;
on admission of West Florida, 324;
his war-speech, vi. 144, 145;
votes for frigates, 164;
his report on the defences of Washington, vii. 57;
his bill for filling the ranks of the regular army, 381, 382–384;
declares that no efficacious military measure could pass the House, 266, 267, 268;
denounces Giles’s bill, 273;
his conference report rejected, 280;
his bill for a peace establishment, ix. 84.
“True-Blooded Yankee,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 332.
Trumbull, John, i. 101; ix. 213.
Trumbull, Jonathan, governor of Connecticut, refuses to take part in carrying out the Enforcement Act, iv. 417, 455;
calls the legislature to “interpose,” 418.
Truxton, Commodore, sounded by Burr, iii. 239.
Tuckaubatchee, Creek town on the Tallapoosa, council at, vii. 220;
Tecumthe’s speech at, 221;
councils at, 224, 225;
chiefs escape from, 227.
Tucker, ——, British colonel of Forty-First Regiment, repulsed at Black Rock, viii. 69.
Tucker, Henry St. George, member of Congress from Virginia, ix. 107.
Tudor, William, ix. 202, 207, 208.
Tupper, Edward W., brigadier-general of Ohio militia, vii. 78.
Turner, Charles, member of Congress from Massachusetts, assaulted in Plymouth, vi. 400, 409.
Turner, J. M. W., ix. 213, 216.
Turnpikes, prejudice against, i. 64 et seq.
Turreau, Louis Marie, appointed minister to the United States by Napoleon, ii. 268;
his domestic quarrels, 269;
complains of the discredit of France, 271;
embarrassments of, 272;
his description of Madison, 274;
receives instructions from Talleyrand, 296;
presented to Jefferson, 405;
describes General Wilkinson, 406;
his course with Madison in the Spanish business, iii. 81;
his letter to Talleyrand on American policy and national character, 84;
his abruptness, 86 et seq.;
sends Talleyrand an account of Jefferson’s conversation in December, 1805, 124;
his part in the Madison-Yrujo matter, 188;
acts as Yrujo’s ally, 194;
demands an explanation from Madison about Miranda, 195;
reports to Talleyrand Jefferson’s system for an alliance of nations, 204;
writes concerning Jefferson’s character and position, 205;
writes to his government respecting Burr’s schemes, 226;
his comments on the embargo and war, 396;
writes to his government respecting English relations, 424 et seq.;
embarrassed by the Berlin Decree, 427;
reports an interview with Jefferson after the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 36;
his letter describing the servile character of Americans, 140;
alarmed by Jefferson’s course in Rose’s negotiation, 229;
his letters to Champagny complaining of the embargo, etc., 229 et seq., 297;
his long conversations with Madison and Jefferson respecting a French alliance, 308;
hopes, in January, 1809, that America will declare war, 396;
his anger with the American government in the spring of 1809, v. 33–40;
his report on the repeal of the embargo, 34;
on the Non-importation Act, 35;
on disunion, 36;
on the Spanish colonies, 37;
his advice on rupture with the United States, in June, 1809, 40;
his report of Gallatin’s remarks on renewal of intercourse with Great Britain, 74;
his report of Robert Smith’s remarks on Jefferson’s weakness and indiscretions, 84;
his note of June 14, 1809, remonstrating at the unfriendly conduct of the United States, 84;
his recall ordered by Napoleon, 226;
his successor arrives, 345, 346.
Tuskegee Warrior, murders white families on the Ohio, vii. 224;
is put to death, 225.

Ukase, Imperial, of Dec. 19, 1810, v. 418, 419.
Ulm, capitulation of, iii. 370.
Union, used for nation in the language of the Constitution, ii. 85.
Union, dissolution of, as viewed by southern republicans in 1798, i. 142;
attempted in New England in 1804, ii. 160–191;
proposed by Burr to the British government in 1804, 395, 403;
Burr’s schemes of, iii. 219–244;
prophesied by Randolph, 364;
schemes for, renewed by New England in 1808, iv. 402–407;
a delicate topic, v. 14;
a cause of repealing the embargo, 34;
discussed by Turreau, 36;
discussed in New England, vi. 403, 409;
affected by the seizure of Florida, vii. 213;
“increasing harmony throughout the,” 365, 366;
jealousies in the, 402;
Massachusetts federalists wish to resist the, viii. 4, 8–10, 13, 22;
southern section of, suffers most by the war, 15;
its duty of defence neglected, 222;
practically dissolved, 223;
amount of sentiment for and against, in 1814, 229;
dissolution of, deprecated by Webster, 275;
dissolution of, encouraged and avowed in Congress, 277;
severance of, deprecated by Hartford Convention, 296;
already dissolved, 300, 301;
alternative to dissolution of, 306;
political effect of peace on, ix. 80, 92;
difficulties of, overcome in 1816, 173, 194, 219, 220;
its distinctive character, 226.
Unitarians in New England, i. 89; ix. 133;
in Harvard College, 176, 177;
churches in Boston, 178;
opinions of, in Boston churches, 179, 180;
literary influence of, 205, 207;
optimism of, 239.
United States, banking capital of, in 1800, i. 26;
credit and trade of, 27;
monetary valuation of, in 1800, and distribution of wealth, 40;
popular characteristics of the people of, in 1800, 41 et seq.;
standard of comfort, 42;
population in 1810, v. 289;
population of, in 1817, ix. 154;
growth of population and wealth in, 172, 173;
character of people, 219–242.
“United States,” 44-gun frigate, vi. 363;
first cruise of, in 1812, 366, 375;
at Boston, 378;
second cruise of, 381;
captures the “Macedonian,” 382, 383;
blockaded at New London, vii. 278, 279, 287, 311.
Universalists, ix. 133;
growth of church, 183, 184;
significance of movement, 239.
University, Jefferson’s recommendation of a national, iii. 346, 347; iv. 365;
Madison’s recommendation of, v. 319;
recommended by Madison in 1815, ix. 105;
again in 1816, 143.
Upham, Timothy, lieutenant-colonel commanding the Eleventh U. S. Infantry at Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 189.
Urquijo, Don Mariano Luis de, i. 355, 365, 368.
Uti possidetis, claimed by England at Ghent, ix. 9, 17, 34;
exceeded by British demands, 21;
opposed to status ante bellum, 33, 34;
rejected, 37;
abandoned, 41, 42.
Utica in 1800, i. 3.

Van Buren, Martin, his support of De Witt Clinton, vi. 409, 413;
special judge advocate in Hull’s trial, vii. 417;
prevents Crawford’s nomination to the Presidency, ix. 123.
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, i. 28.
Vandeul, M. de, French chargé at Madrid, confers with Godoy respecting the cession of West Florida, v. 380;
rebuked by Talleyrand at Napoleon’s order, 384.
Van Ness, William P., i. 109;
author of pamphlet by “Aristides,” ii. 73, 171;
carries Burr’s demand to Hamilton, 186.
Van Rensselaer, Solomon, colonel of New York militia, commands attack on Queenston, vi. 348.
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, major-general of New York militia, ordered to take command at Niagara, vi. 321;
forwards letter to Hull, 324;
his force, Aug. 19, 1812, 341;
his alarming position, 342, 343;
his force, Sept. 15, 344;
expected to invade Canada with six thousand men, 345;
his attack on Queenston, 346, 347–353;
retires from command, 353;
Monroe’s opinion of, 396;
Jefferson’s comment on, 398.
Varnum, Joseph B., member of Congress from Massachusetts, ii. 123;
candidate for Speaker of the Ninth Congress, iii. 128;
chosen Speaker of the Tenth Congress, iv. 153;
re-elected Speaker in the Eleventh Congress, v. 76;
his rulings on the previous question, 353;
elected senator, vi. 116;
defeated candidate for governor, vii. 50;
his speech on Giles’s bill for drafting eighty thousand militia, viii. 269–270;
votes against Giles’s bill, 273;
votes against internal improvements, ix. 150.
Vermilion River, Indian boundary, vi. 97, 98.
Vermont, militia recalled from national service, vii. 366;
furnishes supplies to British army, vii. 146; viii. 93;
militia not called out to defend Plattsburg, 222;
refuses to attend the Hartford Convention, 227;
chooses federalist Congressmen, 228;
prosperous, ix. 160.
“Vesuvius,” steamboat on the Mississippi, ix. 172.
Vice-Presidency, change in mode of election for, ii. 132–134.
Victor, Marshal, to command French forces in Louisiana, ii. 5.
Vienna, Napoleon’s draft for a decree of, v. 143, 144, 150, 152;
Congress of, ix. 24, 36.
Villeré plantation, at New Orleans, seized by British advance, viii. 337, 339.
Vimieiro, battle of, iv. 315, 340.
Vincennes, territorial capital of Indiana, vi. 68, 71, 79;
the Shawnee prophet’s talk at, 80;
Tecumthe’s talks at, 85, 91;
citizens’ meeting at, 92;
Indian deputation at, 108;
panic at, 110.
Vincent, Colonel, his account of Toussaint, i. 382.
Vincent, John, British brigadier-general, evacuates Fort George, vii. 157;
attacks at Stony Creek, 159, 160;
recaptures Fort George, 202.
Virginia in 1800, i. 32;
farming in, 33, 131 et seq.;
horse-racing, 51;
Washington’s views on the value of land in, 135;
Church and State in, 136;
adoption of the Constitution by, 139;
Resolutions, 140 et seq.;
law to prevent extradition, ii. 334, 345, 398;
Madison’s position in, ii. 217; iii. 120; iv. 226;
hostility of, to cities and fortifications, iii. 352;
opposed to Pennsylvania on the slave-trade bill, 356–369;
effect of embargo on, iv. 265, 281;
creates manufactures in New England, v. 19, 20;
apathy of, toward the war, vi. 413, 414;
exports of, affected by the blockade, vii. 264, 265;
operations of war on the shores of, 265–277;
militia, mortality of, viii. 219;
her relative rank and obligations, 233;
money furnished by, 234;
men furnished by, 235;
soldiers and sailors of, 236, 237;
arrears of internal taxes in, 256;
creates a State army, 283;
effect of peace on, ix. 60, 61;
congressional election in 1815, 93;
increase of population, 1800–1816, 155;
increase of wealth, 161–167;
legislative reports on roads and banks, 165, 166;
judicial decision of, in case of Martin against Hunter’s lessee, 190–192;
resolutions of 1798 obsolete in 1817, 194.
Virginians, i. 133 et seq.;
middle and lower classes of, 137;
agriculture their resource, 138.
“Vixen,” sloop-of-war, captured, vi. 386; vii. 312, 313.
Volney describes the American habits of diet, i. 44.
Voltaire, i. 161.

Wabash, valley of, vi. 67, 68, 75, 77;
Harrison’s land purchase in, 83;
war imminent in, 85.
Wadsworth, Decius, colonel commissary general of ordnance, detailed to erect fortifications at Bladensburg, viii. 132, 141;
refuses to obey Monroe’s orders, 158, 159.
Wadsworth, William, brigadier-general of New York militia, vi. 351;
surrenders at Queenston, 352.
Wagner, Jacob, chief clerk of the State Department, i. 236; ii. 267;
editor of the “Federal Republican,” vi. 406, 407.
Walbach, John B., adjutant-general to Wilkinson at Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 189.
Wales, Prince of (see George, Prince of Wales).
Wales, R. W., captain of British sloop-of-war “Epervier,” his report of action with the “Peacock,” viii. 182, 183.
Walpole, Lord, British ambassador at St. Petersburg, his remarks on Roumanzoff, vii. 354.
War, Jefferson’s recommendation of a fund for, iii. 3;
cost of, 1812–1815, ix. 90, 91.
War with England, declared by Monroe to be nearly decided in November, 1811, vi. 130;
recommended by House Committee of Foreign Relations, Nov. 29, 1811, 133–136;
its objects explained by Peter B. Porter, 136;
its probable effects discussed by Felix Grundy, 138, 141;
Grundy’s account of its causes, 139, 140;
Macon’s view of its object, 145;
Monroe’s remarks on, 190;
Madison’s message recommending, 221–226;
expediency of, 223;
Calhoun’s report on causes, 226;
Calhoun’s bill for, adopted by the House, 228;
by the Senate, 228, 229;
and signed by the President, 229;
criticisms on the conduct of, 392–399;
opposition to, 398–403;
apathy toward, 414;
only attainable object of, 418;
reasons of continuance, 430–432.
War Department (see Dearborn, Eustis, Armstrong, Monroe, Dallas).
War Power, ii. 100, 101, 105, 106, 108, 113;
over the militia, vi. 159–161.
“War in Disguise,” pamphlet by James Stephen, iii. 50.
Ward, Artemas, member of Congress from (Boston) Massachusetts, on defence of the Union, viii. 276.
Ward, Robert Plumer, vi. 279.
Ware, Henry, appointed Professor of Theology at Harvard College, i. 311;
his Unitarianism, ix. 176, 182, 205.
Ware, Henry, the younger, ix. 206.
Ware, William, ix. 206.
Warren, John, iv. 411.
Warren, Admiral Sir John Borlase, his authority to suspend hostilities, vii. 4; ix. 33;
his blockade of May 26, 1813, vii. 262;
his operations in Chesapeake Bay, 265–277;
his remarks on Broke’s victory, 302.
Warren, Dr. J. C., his description of Boston customs in 1800, i. 91;
professor of anatomy at Harvard College, ix. 206.
Warrington, Lewis, commander in U. S. Navy, commands “Peacock,” viii. 181;
captures “Epervier,” 182, 184;
sails from New York, ix. 63;
fires into “Nautilus,” 73.
“Warrior,” privateer brig, her escape, vii. 326.
Warton, agent of Burr, iii. 238.
Washington city in 1800, i. 30;
expense of living in, iv. 209;
F. J. Jackson’s impressions of, v. 116–119;
threatened by British fleet in July, 1813, vii. 55, 277;
fears for safety of, 56;
declared to be adequately defended, 57;
neglect of its defences, viii. 120;
military district created to protect, 122;
result of measures of defence, 123;
British reasons for attacking, 121, 127, 130;
measures of defence taken after August 18, 131, 132;
Winder retreats to, 135, 136;
natural defences of, 138;
capture and burning of, 145–148; ix. 21;
conduct of citizens of, viii. 158, 159, 160;
militia system tested at, 218;
report of investigating committee on capture of, 277;
Ross’s treatment of, approved by his government, 314, 315;
defence of, compared with that of New Orleans, 340–342;
news of capture received at Ghent, ix. 31, 42;
Lord Liverpool on capture of, 38;
news from New Orleans and Ghent received at, 57, 58;
banks share in loan of 1815, 102;
public buildings rebuilt, 142, 143.
Washington, (or Warburton) Fort (see Fort Washington).
Washington, President, opinion of American farming-lands, i. 35;
his support of a national bank, 65;
on emancipation in Pennsylvania and its effects, 135;
establishes the precedent of addressing Congress in a speech, 247;
his personal authority, 262, 320;
denounced by Thomas Paine, 328;
expenditures of his administration, v. 200;
Jefferson’s estimate of, viii. 232.
“Wasp,” sloop-of-war, vi. 364, 378;
her action with the “Frolic,” 379, 380; vii. 310, 312.
“Wasp,” new American 22-gun sloop-of-war built in 1813, viii. 184, 237;
in the British Channel in June, 1814, 185;
captures the “Reindeer,” 186, 187;
sinks the “Avon,” 188–192;
lost, 193;
gunnery of, ix. 230.
Water communication in 1800, i. 8.
Waterhouse, Dr., i. 93.
Waterloo, ix. 56.
Watmough, John G., lieutenant of artillery, in Fort Erie, viii. 76.
Watson, W. H., first lieutenant of the “Argus,” vii. 306, 308.
Watt, first lieutenant of the “Shannon,” killed, vii. 296.
Wayne, Fort, vi. 294.
Wea Indians, vi. 71, 75, 87.
Weatherford, William, Creek half-breed, vii. 229, 244, 257.
Webster, Daniel, his Rockingham Resolutions, vi. 403;
member of Congress from Massachusetts, vii. 53;
his resolutions on the repeal of French decrees, 55, 58;
his speech on repealing the restrictive system, 375, 376, 377;
his speech on a defensive war, 382, 383;
his speech on Dallas’s bank scheme, viii. 258;
his bank scheme adopted by Congress, 259, 260;
deprecates disunion, 275;
defeats conscription, 279;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107, 108, 110;
opposes protective duties, 115;
opposes bank, 117, 118;
favors Compensation Act, 120;
his report on repeal of the Compensation Act, 144;
becomes resident of Boston, 206;
a type, 216.
Webster, Noah, i. 62, 105;
presides at Amherst town-meeting, viii. 5.
Weld, Rev. Abijah, of Attleborough, i. 21.
Weld, Isaac, Jr., an English traveller describes condition of inns in America, i. 46, 52;
describes Princeton College, 129;
describes William and Mary College, 136;
at Wilmington, 182.
Wellesley, Marquess, his character, v. 264, 265, 269;
appointed ambassador to the Supreme Junta, 267;
becomes Foreign Secretary, 268;
his friendship with Pinkney, 270, 275;
his promises, 271;
his note on Jackson, 272;
his remark on American hatred, 273;
his procrastination, 277–280, 285;
his contempt for his colleagues, 281, 282;
resolves to retire, 285;
his reply to Champagny’s letter of August 5, 286;
hopes for a Whig ministry in November, 1811, vi. 4;
his controversy with Pinkney over the French decrees and the law of blockade, 5, 6, 9;
abandons hope of a Whig ministry, 14;
rejects Pinkney’s demands, 14, 15, 18;
appoints a minister to Washington, 16;
his instructions of April 10, 1811, to the new minister (see Foster), 22, 23;
criticises his colleagues for apathy toward America, 24;
his instructions to Foster of Jan. 28, 1812, 191, 192;
settles the “Chesapeake” affair, 121, 122, 270;
urges his colleagues to choose a course, 267, 268;
resigns from the Cabinet, Jan. 16, 1812, 271;
on the American government, vii. 10.
Wellesley, Sir Arthur, Duke of Wellington, wins the battle of Vimieiro iv. 315;
in India, v. 266;
fights the battle of Talavera, 106;
made a viscount, 264;
general-in-chief, 267;
retreats into Portugal, 268;
fails in siege of Burgos, vii. 4, 9;
invades France, 356;
his remarks on Prevost’s retreat from Plattsburg, viii. 113;
his remarks on his troops sent to America, 113, 354; ix. 41;
brother-in-law of Pakenham, viii. 353;
on the negotiations at Ghent, ix. 40–42.
Wellesley, Henry, v. 264;
envoy in Spain, 268;
on Perceval’s commercial policy, 283, 284.
Wells, Samuel, colonel of Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, vii. 89, 90–92, 95, 110.
Wells town-meeting in January, 1809, vi. 414.
West, Benjamin, i. 127.
West Indian Report, ii. 68.
West Indian trade, English policy toward, ii. 318;
value of, to England, 331, 413, 415.
West Point Military Academy established, i. 301;
school at, v. 319;
value of, in the war, ix. 235, 236.
“Western World,” the, iii. 273.
Westmoreland, Earl of, Lord Privy Seal, i. 282;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed Order in Council, iv. 89.
Wewocau, Little Warrior of (see Little Warrior).
Wheat, value of export of, in 1815, ix. 94, 95.
Whiskey-tax, rejected, ii. 167.
Whitbread, Samuel, member of Parliament, i. 50; ii. 270;
on the American war, vii. 11, 21, 24.
Whitby, Captain, of the “Leander,” iii. 199.
White House, at Washington, burned by Ross, viii. 145, 146, 230, 231;
rebuilt, ix. 143.
White, Samuel, senator from Delaware, iv. 146.
Whitney, Eli, i. 181.
Whittemore, Asa, i. 182.
Whitworth, Lord, British minister at Paris, Napoleon’s announcement to, ii. 19.
Wickham, John, Burr’s counsel, iii. 444;
his opening speech in the Burr trial, 465.
Widgery, William, member of Congress from Massachusetts, vi. 400.
Wilberforce, William, member of Parliament, vi. 273, 280.
Wilde, Richard Henry, member of Congress from Georgia, on the decline of the House of Representatives, ix. 146.
Wilkinson, James, brigadier-general and governor of the Louisiana Territory, ii. 220;
portrayed by Turreau, 406;
his relations with Burr, 408;
holds civil and military powers, iii. 176;
his military force in 1806, 299;
sends Lieutenant Pike to find the sources of the Mississippi, 213;
and to New Mexico, 214;
Burr’s friend, 219 et seq.;
joins Burr at Fort Massac, 222;
author of Burr’s projects against Mexico, 223, 234;
discouraged, 227;
opposed to attacking Spanish territory, 249;
receives cipher despatch from Burr, 253;
in communication with the Spanish authorities, 262, 263;
Governor Mirò’s agent, 269;
denounced by Daveiss as a Spanish pensioner, 270;
at New Orleans, 297;
Laussat’s opinion of, 298;
ordered to Natchitoches, 310;
receives Burr’s letter at Natchitoches, and communicates its contents to Colonel Cushing, 312 et seq.;
writes to Jefferson, 314;
writes again to the President, 315;
takes command in New Orleans, 317;
tells Bollman his intention to oppose Burr’s schemes, 318;
demands of Claiborne the supreme command, 318;
establishes a degree of martial law in New Orleans, 319;
his letter to Clark, 321;
his acts, 323;
despatches including his version of Burr’s cipher received by Jefferson, 336;
assailed by Randolph and the Federalists, 341;
in the receipt of a pension from the King of Spain, 342;
arrives at the Burr trial, 454;
deserted by Clark, 454;
accused by Major Bruff, 454;
supported by Jefferson, 456;
escapes indictment for treason, 457;
Randolph brings charges against, iv. 208;
his movements, v. 37;
Gallatin’s remarks on his character, 38;
military court of inquiry on, 169;
his influence on the army, 169;
ordered to New Orleans, 170;
his encampment at Terre aux Bœufs, 171–175;
summoned to Washington for investigation, 175;
senior brigadier, vi. 291;
appointed major-general, Feb. 27, 1813, vii. 37;
ordered from New Orleans to Sackett’s Harbor, March 10, 1813, 172, 215;
causes of his transfer, 173, 216;
arrives at Washington, July 31, 174;
takes command of military district No. 9, 175, 176;
his plan of campaign, 177, 178;
goes to Niagara, 179;
returns to Sackett’s Harbor, October 2, 179;
his relations with Armstrong, 180–182;
his expedition down the St. Lawrence, 184–191;
goes into winter quarters at French Mills, 199;
throws blame on Armstrong and Hampton, 199;
advises evacuation of Fort George, 201;
his administration at New Orleans, 214;
seizes Mobile, 215; viii. 322;
on Armstrong, vii. 406;
court-martialed, 407;
on Jacob Brown, 408;
at French Mills, viii. 24;
demands a court martial, 25;
attacks Lacolle Mill, 25, 26;
relieved and court-martialed, 26, 27.
William and Mary, college of, i. 136.
Williams, A. J., captain of artillery in Hindman’s battalion, viii. 37;
in Fort Erie, 71;
killed, 76.
Williams, David R., member of Congress from South Carolina, iii. 358; iv. 213;
his argument in favor of the embargo, 266, 378;
declares that the embargo is the wish of the South, 421, 426;
on the repeal of the embargo, 436, 439, 448, 450, 451;
not a member of the Eleventh Congress, v. 76;
in the Twelfth Congress, vi. 122;
chairman of military committee, 124, 435.
Williams, John, colonel of Thirty-Ninth U. S. Infantry, ordered to join Jackson, vii. 245, 251;
arrives at Fort Strother, 252.
Williams, Samuel, iv. 167;
Pickering gives Rose a letter to, 235.
Williams, Timothy, iv. 117.
Williamson, Colonel, Burr’s agent, iii. 219, 229, 234, 238.
Wilna, in Poland, Barlow’s journey to, vi. 263, 264.
Wilson, Alexander, describes New England in 1808, i. 19;
on North Carolina, 36, 57, 124.
Wilson, Judge, i. 127.
Winchester, James, brigadier-general, vi. 291;
yields command to Harrison, vii. 75;
commands left division at Fort Defiance, 77, 78, 79;
hardships of his men, 80;
by Harrison’s orders moves to the Maumee Rapids, 84, 86;
his force, 87;
sends detachment to Frenchtown, 88;
follows to Frenchtown, 90;
his account of the position, 91, 92;
defeated and captured, 96;
effect of his defeat on the Creek Indians, 223, 226, 227;
commands at Mobile, 383, 385.
Winder, Levin, governor of Maryland in 1814, viii. 122, 168.
Winder, William H., colonel of Fourteenth Infantry, vi. 357, 359;
brigadier-general, vii. 156;
takes part in capture of Fort George, 157;
advances to Stony Creek, 159;
captured, 160;
appointed to command new military district at Washington, viii. 122;
his physical activity, 123, 131, 132;
takes command of forces at the Woodyard, 133;
retreats to the Old Fields, 134;
retreats to the navy-yard, 135, 136;
his letter to the Secretary of War, August 24, 137;
his supposed motives for occupying the navy-yard, 135–138;
starts for Bladensburg, 139;
rides about the field, 140;
retreats to the capitol, 142;
retreats to Georgetown, 153, 156;
retreats to Rockville, 154;
his fear of responsibility, 154, 155;
goes to Baltimore, 156;
yields command to Samuel Smith, 167;
his measures compared with Jackson’s, 340–343.
Windham, County of, in Vermont, sends delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 293.
Wirt, William, counsel for government, iii. 445;
his eloquence in Burr’s trial, 465;
his opinion of Chief-Justice Marshall, 469;
his description of Madison in October, 1814, viii. 230, 231.
Wistar, Dr. Caspar, i. 127.
Wolcott, Alexander, v. 359, 360.
Wolcott, Oliver, iii. 199;
republican candidate for governor of Connecticut, ix. 133.
Wood, Eleazar Derby, major of engineers, constructs Fort Meigs, vii. 93, 99, 104; ix. 235;
his comments on the affair at the River Raisin, vii. 93;
with Brown on the Niagara, viii. 47;
directs entrenchments at Fort Erie, 67;
takes command of Twenty-first Infantry, 74;
leads sortie from Fort Erie, 87;
killed, 88, 89.
Wood, John, his career, iii. 272;
made editor of the “Western World” by Marshall and Daveiss, 273.
Woodyard, the, Winder’s army camps at, viii. 134.
Wool, John E., captain of Thirteenth Infantry, gains Queenston Heights, vi. 349, 350.
Woollen manufactures, v. 17;
depressed by the peace, ix. 96;
fabrics in the tariff of 1816, ix. 111, 113, 114.
Worcester, Dr. Samuel, his reply to Channing, ix. 180, 181.
Wordsworth, William, i. 94;
his lines on America, 169, 172.
Workman, Judge, iii. 303, 319.
Wright, Robert, member of Congress from Maryland, his motion on impressments, v. 351, 352;
opposes Gallatin’s taxes, vi. 167;
his threats against opposition, 213;
on the payment of taxes in suspended bank paper, viii. 256.
Wythe, George, i. 133.

X. Y. Z. affair, i. 355, 358, 359.

Yale College, i. 106;
remains orthodox, ix. 186.
Yarnall, John J., lieutenant in U. S. navy, Perry’s first officer on the “Lawrence,” vii. 123;
his comment on Elliott, 125.
Yazoo Act, i. 304.
Yazoo bill, passage of, vii. 401, 402;
Marshall’s decision on claims, ix. 189, 190.
Yazoo Compromise, ii. 210;
Madison’s measure, 211;
vote upon, 217;
the test of parties, iii. 119, 350;
bill for settling rejected, 177.
Yeo, Sir James Lucas, British commodore on Lake Ontario, vii. 160;
his attack on Sackett’s Harbor, 164, 169;
reinforces Kingston, 180, 181;
captures “Vixen,” 313;
attacks Oswego, 29, 30;
brings charges against Prevost, 112.
York, or Toronto, capital of Upper Canada, vi. 316;
captured by Dearborn, vii. 152, 154, 155;
public buildings burned, 155.
York, Duke of, v. 57, 58, 105.
“Yorktown,” privateer, captured, vii. 329.
“Young Wasp,” privateer, viii. 196.
Yrujo, Don Carlos Martinez, Spanish minister at Washington, his intimate relations with Jefferson, i. 425;
writes to Morales with respect to the right of deposit, 427;
announces the restoration of the right of deposit, ii. 3;
protests against the sale of Louisiana, 92, 252 et seq.;
his anger, 258, 389;
obtains from American lawyers an opinion, 259;
attacks Madison, 260;
his affair with Jackson, 265;
visits Jefferson at Monticello, 266;
publishes counter statement as to his affair with Jackson, 268;
relations of, with White House, 362;
indiscretion, 368;
at the White House, 369;
concerts reprisals with Merry, 373;
to be sent away, iii. 73, 74, 79;
criticises Jefferson’s message, 184;
arrives in Washington, 185;
receives a letter from Madison asking for his withdrawal, 186;
his reply and subsequent conduct, 187 et seq.;
his remonstrances about Miranda, 194;
named minister to Milan, 196;
attacks Madison in the press, 209;
receives a secret visit from Dayton, 233;
his report to his government respecting Burr’s proposal, 236 et seq.;
writes to Cevallos of Burr’s communications, 247;
notifies his government of Burr’s intentions, 261;
Burr’s message to him, 264 et seq.;
letter on Wilkinson, 342.