- Abert, Lieutenant, cited on friendly attitude of Ácomas, 140.
- Ácoma (Peñol), 14-19, 218;
- dwellings on, 19-21;
- industries, 21-22, 159;
- cisterns on, 25-26, 122;
- trails, 27-29;
- church, 34-39, 128;
- historical evidences of, 56, 58, 60-61, 63;
- Espéjo’s description of, 65;
- Oñate’s visit, 74;
- taken by the Spaniards, 80-85;
- rebuilding of, 88-89;
- Spanish administration of, 93, 97;
- aloofness and isolation, 95, 140;
- patron saint of, 104;
- size of, in 1680, 115;
- not active in revolt of that year, 115;
- the coming of Vargas (1692), 118-122;
- uprising and defeat (1696), 123-126;
- hostility to the mission, etc., 127-128;
- dispute with Laguna over painting of San José, 128-132;
- education in, under the Federal government, 139-140;
- the Bursum Bill, 143,
- and the appeal of the Ácomas, 144-146;
- racial origin relationships, 157, 162-164, 197;
- origin of pueblo, 157-159;
- rock-paintings and carvings at, 161;
- details concerning, in creation story, 164;
- present population, 164;
- folk-tales from, 198-208;
- corn clans of, 247;
- ritual celebrations at, 253-260.
- See also St. Stephen, Trails.
- Ácoma Indians. See Pueblo Indians.
- Acomita, farm-lands at, 33;
- summer migration to, of Ácoma (Pueblo) Indians, 159.
- Agüelo (grandfather), 223.
- A-Ko-Kai-Obi, Hopi name for Ácoma, 163.
- All Souls’ Day, 257.
- Alvarado, first white man to see Ácoma, 16, 57-60.
- Amaya, Doña Casilda de, first white woman to enter New Mexico, 64.
- Animism, 242.
- Apache Indian, influence of, in the Southwest, 9 n.
- Architecture, among the “Pueblo Arts,” 156.
- Art, Pueblo, 156, 161;
- sand (dry) painting, 163.
- See also Architecture, Pottery.
- Awanyu, plumed serpent, 233.
- Ayeta, Father, 113;
- part played by, in Pueblo Revolt of 1680, 114-115.
- Bibliography, 299.
- Bird cult, 233-234.
- Bolton, Dr. H. E., acknowledgment to, viii;
- first use of Espéjo’s narrative, 65;
- unpublished translation of an anonymous diarist, 85-87;
- missions as agents of the State, 88, 92.
- Buffalo, “humpbacked cow,” discovery of, 58, 61.
- Burial, among the Pueblo Indians, 39 and n., 40-42.
- Bursum Bill, 143-144.
- Cacique (Kasik), tenure of office, 186;
- duties, 186-187, 224;
- chosen by, and from Antelope Clan, 188, 189.
- Caypa (San Juan de los Caballeros), 73.
- Cedar Brew, in purification ritual, 41.
- Ceremonies (Ceremonials) among the Pueblo Indians, color scarlet in relation to, 39 n.;
- election, United States represented in, 135,
- description of, 189-190;
- effect of white man’s contempt for, 143;
- purpose, 152, 247-250;
- Snake, 163, 233, 246, 255;
- sacerdotal functions of war chiefs, 187;
- prerogatives of Antelope Clan, 188;
- purification (1864), 190,
- story of, 191-192;
- Santu, 221-222;
- christening, 222;
- priesthoods, 229,
- origin, 231;
- Painted Altar, 231;
- fertilization, psychological characteristic of, 234-235, 263;
- underlying motives, 245-246;
- classification of, 247-248;
- hunts, 252;
- friendship, 255;
- All Souls’ Day, 257;
- Christmas, 258;
- uses of pottery in, 276.
- Chamuscado, Francisco Sanchez, with Rodríguez’ expedition, 62.
- Cheani, 40, 40 n. 2.
- Child-sacrifice, 220.
- Children in the Pueblos, christening of, 222-223;
- obedience of, 223;
- participation in dance, 260.
- Christianity, Indians’ attitude toward, 132.
- Cíbola, discovery of, 61.
- Clan, or Kinship, priority of, in pueblo social organization, 177, 180;
- clans grouped in pairs, 178;
- Kroeber’s differentiation of family and clan, 178;
- relation of clan to fraternity, 180-182.
- Clans, ranking of, 188;
- maternal, and exogamous among Ácomas, 221.
- Cliff dwellings, vs. those on level soil, priority of, 151.
- Colchones, 22.
- Color, scarlet, relation to burial wrappings and ceremonials, 39 n. 1.
- Color-symbols, of respective six “points of the compass,” 214, 247.
- Colorado River, discovery of, 61.
- Corchado, Fray Andres, missionary to Ácoma, 93.
- Corn (maize), ceremonial motive, 246.
- Corn Clans of Ácoma, 247.
- Coronado, expedition of, 57-61.
- Creation story, 212-216;
- Ácoma detail in, 164.
- Cross, symbol, 237-239;
- below the Rock of Ácoma, 239.
- Culture-hero myth, 216.
- December ceremonial at Ácoma, a complex of Christian and pagan customs, 258-260.
- Diary, account of Oñate’s expedition, 85-86.
- Duality of the American Indian, 224, 235.
- Early Chroniclers, 14.
- Education of the Pueblo Indian:
- under the padres, 138;
- under Mexico, 138;
- under United States government, 139-140.
- El Paso, the Crossing, first home of European drama in the Southwest, 72.
- Encomenderos, and encomienda system, 90.
- Espéjo, Antonio de, expeditions of, 64-67;
- opened third pathway to New Mexico, 66.
- Estévan, negro (“Black Mexican”), 52-53;
- death of, 54.
- Estufas, 45;
- educational and council uses of, 48;
- distinction between, and Kiva, 48-49.
- Family, differentiated from clan, 178-179;
- the family a partnership, 184;
- marriage and divorce, 184-185.
- Fasts, 248.
- Federal government. See United States.
- Fetishes, strong influence of, in Pueblo Indian organization, 182-183, 230-234.
- Folk-tales defined, 194;
- scanty contribution of Pueblo Indians, 196;
- of Ácoma, 198-208.
- See also Myths.
- Four, the number a sacred symbol, 236-237.
- Fraternity (phratry), relation of, to clan, 180-182;
- function of, 181.
- Gallo Race, 268-269.
- Games, Indians’ devotion to, 262-263;
- underlying socio-religious significance, 263-264, 271;
- purpose and periods of, 263-264;
- disciplinary training of, 264-265;
- two kinds of—chance and dexterity, 265-267, 269;
- of native origin, 266;
- implements used in, and derivation of, 266;
- ball-race, 267;
- shinny (by women only), 268;
- Gallo race, 268;
- cat’s cradle, 270.
- Gaming, Indians’ passion for, 262-263.
- Gave, 21.
- Grand Cañon, discovery of, 61.
- Ha-chamoni, 40 n. 3.
- Hamaha, 31.
- Háwikuh, 55-56.
- Hewe, 21 n. 2.
- Hoinawe, 41.
- Hopi Indians, racial relationships, 161-164.
- Inscription Rock, 6.
- Gonad del Muerto, 96.
- Kahera, 32.
- Kasik, Keres form of Cacique, 42 n. 1.
- See also Cacique.
- K’at’sina or Katsina, or Cachina, 186, 235.
- Katzímo (Enchanted mesa or Mesa Encantada), the “accursed,” 15, 118, 159, 166;
- legend of, 167-168;
- ritual performances at, 169-170;
- present-day knowledge of, 170-175;
- ascents of, by Hodge and by Libbey, 171-174;
- elevation of, 173;
- proofs of human occupation of, 175.
- Keres (Queres), kindred nations, 157, n. 1;
- priesthoods of, 229.
- Keresans, racial origin, 157, 161-164.
- Kinship, place of, in pueblo social organization, 177-180.
- Kisi, description of, 49.
- Kivas, 45-49;
- number, 45;
- forms, 46;
- signification of, 46;
- educational uses, 47-48;
- distinction between, and estufas, 48;
- not temples, 49.
- Komanina (long house), 260.
- Laguna, 15,
- founded, 129;
- church, decoration of, 36;
- hostility to missionary, 127;
- rivalry with Ácoma over painting of San José, 128-132;
- Santu a male deity in her cult, 221.
- Lightning, symbol of serpent, 232.
- Lincoln, President, presentation of official cane to Indian Pueblo governors, 134-135.
- Maize. See Corn.
- Mendoza, Antonio de, Viceroy, 52.
- Mesa Prieta, 27 n. 2.
- Mesas, 4 n.
- Metates, corn-grinding trough, 21.
- Monster Viper, Myth, 219.
- Montezuma, god of the Pueblos, 216 n. 3, 218.
- Myths, 209-220;
- universality of a myth, 209;
- explanatory: (1) inclusive, (2) particularistic, 210-211;
- ritualization of, 212-215;
- culture-hero, 216;
- in connection with children, 221-224.
- Navajo Indian, the, 9;
- Commissioner Leupp’s comment on white man’s attitude toward, 142.
- Navajo Reservation, 7.
- New Mexico, formal Spanish possession of, 72;
- missions and missionaries in, 94-96, 102;
- made a custodio and named for San Pablo, 94;
- pueblos of, 135.
- See also Pueblo Revolt of 1680, Sedentary Indians, United States.
- Niza, Marcos de, 52, 54, 56.
- Oñate, 6 n.;
- founder of New Mexico, 67;
- expedition of, 69-85;
- diary, 85, 86;
- his marriage connections, 69;
- official titles, 71;
- revenge taken on Ácomas, 79-85.
- Padilla, Fray Juan de, proto-martyr of the north, 57.
- Painted altar, ceremonial trait, 231.
- Parentalia, 248.
- Pecos (Cicuyé), 57, 218.
- Peñol, “the Crag.” See Ácoma.
- Pictographs, expression of Pueblo art, 156.
- Piki, 21 n. 2.
- Plains Indians, contrasted with Sedentary Indians, 155, 156.
- Popé, Indian instigator of Pueblo Revolt of 1680, 107-110;
- his chief assistants, 109;
- brief victory, 116;
- death, 117.
- Pottery, art of, a determinator of time relations, 150;
- evidences of, at Katzímo, 171, 174;
- Thunder Bird motif in, 210;
- historical sketch of, in the Southwest, 272;
- the three pre-Columbian groups, 273-274;
- first incentive toward, 274;
- development of, 275, 278;
- use of color, 277-278;
- vessels set aside for ceremonial uses, 276;
- personality ascribed to, 279;
- decoration of, free-hand, but not haphazard, 280;
- fuel for firing, 281;
- importance of, in search for race origins, 284.
- Pueblo, significance of word, 149 n. 1;
- Terraced, 19.
- Pueblo (Ácoma) Indians, compared with Plains Indians, 10, 12, 217;
- dwellings of, 19-20;
- separateness of, family or clan, 20;
- industries, 21-22, 282;
- dress, 23-25;
- self-respect, 31;
- cleanliness, 33;
- evidences of American influence, 33;
- lack of domestic animals, 155;
- annual summer migration to Acomita, 159;
- clans, maternal and exogamous, 221;
- children, birth, christening, 221-223.
- Political and civil organization, 50;
- relation to Federal government, 135;
- republican in form, 177;
- theocratic, 182, 185;
- property relations, 182;
- based on fetishism, 182-183;
- officials and their duties, 185-189;
- election of officers, and their installation, 189-190.
- See also Ceremonies, Education, Lincoln, United States, World War.
- Pueblo Indians, Social organization, in Stone Age, at time of Spanish Conquest, 277.
- See also Ácoma, Burial, Ceremonies, Education, Myths, etc.
- Pueblo region, extent of, 148.
- Pueblo Revolt of 1680, 106-117;
- in 1696, 123-126.
- See also Ayeta.
- Ramírez, Fray Juan, 28;
- the church he built, 34-39, 103;
- Apostle of Ácoma, 96;
- brief sketch of, 99-102;
- death and burial, 104.
- Rituals (religious beliefs), purification, 41, 247;
- foot-race, 55;
- sand mosaics, 163;
- myths ritualized, 212-215, 221-224;
- increase of children, 221;
- elaborate organization of, 225;
- myth and religion, 226-227;
- sun-worship, 227;
- contemplative quality of, 227;
- Nature, the Great Spirit, 228;
- priesthoods, 229;
- classification of, 247-248;
- at Ácoma, 252-253, 255;
- Smoking an essential element, 50, 274.
- See also Bird, Ceremonies, Estufa, Fetish, Katzímo, Kisi, Kiva, Serpent, etc.
- Rodríguez, Fray Agustin, expedition of, 62-64.
- St. Stephen (San Estévan), church of, 34, 103, 104, 121;
- feast-day of, 256.
- See also Ramírez, Vargas.
- Salt, need of, a motive for migration, 148.
- San Gabriel, headquarters of Oñate, 89.
- San José, miracle-working painting of, 36, 130;
- rivalry for, between Ácoma and Laguna, 128, 132.
- San Juan de los Caballeros (Caypa), second permanent colony in the United States, 73.
- Sierra de San Mateo, mountain sacred to Keres people, 27.
- San Pablo (New Mexico), 94.
- San Pedro, patron saint of Ácoma church for short time, 37, 128.
- Sanchez, Mrs. N. V., acknowledgment to, 196.
- Sand painting (dry mosaics), 164.
- Santa Fé, founded, 89.
- Santa María, fate of, 63.
- Santu Cult, male deity, 221.
- Saukin, Ácoma word for friend, 255.
- Sedentary Indians of New Mexico, 14 n.;
- contrast between and the nomad or Plains Indians, 155-156.
- Serpent cult, 231-233.
- Shamans (Shamanism), 241-242, 248.
- Shoshonean, racial relationships, 161.
- Sía (Zía, Tsía), nearest of kin to Ácoma as tribe, 157, 158.
- Si-pa-pu, place of emergence for all created beings, 40, 41, 46, 215;
- “north of Taos,” 167 n., 234;
- the path to heaven, 215.
- Six “points of the compass,” 213-214;
- separate color-symbols of, 214.
- Smoking and ceremonials, 57, 274.
- Songs, universal in Indian life and worship, 195, 250;
- corn-grinding, 21;
- of the corn-people, 195.
- Spanish administration of the New World, 90-93.
- Spier, Dr. Leslie, acknowledgment to, viii.
- Swastika, 238.
- Sweat-bath, 248.
- Mt. Taylor (Spi-nat), 27 n. 1.
- Thunder-Bird, myth of, 210.
- Time, the reckoning of, 253.
- To-ya-la-na, Thunder Mountain, shrine of the Zuñi, 261.
- Trails from the mesa of Ácoma, 27-29;
- Burro, 29;
- Camino del Padre, constructed by Ramírez, 104;
- Deadman’s, 28, 192;
- Ladder, 23;
- New, 29;
- Runner’s, 28, 192;
- Split, 27, 29;
- Staircase, 29.
- Treviño, Spanish governor of New Mexico, 107.
- Tupatú, Popé’s assistant in 1680, 109, 117.
- United States, the second permanent settlement in, 73;
- relations with Pueblo government represented in election ceremony, 134, 135;
- Reports of Indian Commissioners quoted, 136-139, 142;
- educational statistics, 139-140;
- increasing hostility and misunderstanding between the two, 140-144, 254;
- danger and tragedy in the Bursum Bill, 143-144;
- “Appeal of the Ácomas,” 144-146.
- Utinat, 24.
- Vaca, Cabeza de, 51.
- Vargas, General Diego de, reconquest of New Mexico, 117-126;
- submission of Ácoma to, 118-122;
- his description of the shrine of St. Stephen, 121;
- final conquest of, 125-126.
- Vigas, 20, 27, 38.
- Villagrá, Gaspar de, soldier and poet, 69-70;
- adventure at Ácoma, 75-76, 82, 84;
- his famous leap, 30.
- Walpi, 11, 255;
- the tie between, and Ácoma, 162.
- Witchcraft, 153.
- Witches, 239.
- World-War, and the Pueblo Indians, 137-138, 215.
- Zaldívar, Vicente de, leader of attack on Ácoma, 80-85.
- Zárate Salmerón, Father, missionary and historian, 93-94;
- visits Ácoma, 93.
- Zuñi (and Ácoma), 198;
- Zuñi name for Keres, means “Drinkers of the Dew,” 157.
- Zutucapán, cacique of Ácoma, 75-76;
- plans foiled to murder Oñate, 76;
- attack on Spaniards with Zaldívar, 77-78.