- A
- Accous or Bédous, plain of, 159-160
- Agra, river, mentioned, 20;
- valley of, 147
- Aiguestoites, Port de, 181
- Albigenses, crusade against, its meaning and results, 49
- Alfonso el Batallador, 54
- Alpargatas, 122
- Alps, contrasted with Pyrenees, 25-26
- Andorra, history and character of, 192-193
- — forms with Catalan valleys a district of Pyrenees, 187-198
- — how reached from Ariège, 187-193
- — posada of, 232
- Anicle, Col d’, 171-172
- Anie, Pic d’, its position on first axis of Pyrenees, 6
- — boundary of the Basques, 38, 154
- Aphours, brook of, 150
- Aragnouet, 181
- Aragon, river, mentioned, 20
- — valley of, easy connexion of, with valley of Gallego, 158;
- described, 161
- — kingdom, named after river, 20;
- and Béarn, their position on the range, 37
- Aran, Val d’, see “Val”
- Arazas, valley of, 169-170;
- Inn there, 233
- Ariège, sources of, 191
- — valley of, position of on axis of Pyrenees, 8;
- forms old county of Foix, 15;
- in connexion with that of the Tet, 204-209
- Ariel, Pic d’, 205
- Arles, on Tech, 213-214
- Arras, Col d’, 215
- Arreau, hotels at, 227
- Arrouye, Pic d’, 182
- Aspe, Val d’, 158
- Aston, upper, adventure of author upon, 108-112
- — river, advantages of district of, 187-188
- Ax, way from, to valley of Tet, 206-208;
- hotels and baths of, 230
- B
- Bagnères-de-Bigorre, hotels at, 226;
- de Luchon, see “Luchon”
- Baigorry, valley of, 145-146
- Balatag, wood of, on Canigou, 212
- Bambilette, port, 152
- Bargebit, Pic de, on Canigou, 213
- Barrosa, stream of, 174
- Barroude, pass of, 181
- Basque, place names found throughout Spain and Pyrenees, 38-39
- — Valleys, a district of the Pyrenees, 145-154
- Basques, their position on the range, 37;
- Pic d’Anie, boundary, 38
- — no Roman record of, 45-46
- Bathing, dangerous when fatigued, 143
- Batallador, surname of Alfonso, 54
- Bayonne, road from, to Pamplona described, 96-99
- Béarn and Aragon, their position on the range, 37
- Béarn, Roman name of, 44;
- with Navarre and Roussillon, last exceptions to French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, 49
- Bédous, Hotel de la Poste at, 160
- Bédous, hotel of, 222
- — or Accous, plan of, 159-160
- Belhay, Port de, 152
- Belver, head of Urgel road, 203
- Benarnensium Civitas, modern Béarn, 44
- Bicycling in Pyrenees, 104-105
- Bielsa, Port de, 181
- — second stage in way from Panticosa to Venasque, 170;
- described, 171;
- inn of, 233
- Biescas, mentioned as example of a town in a Spanish valley, 19
- Bigerriones, original name of inhabitants of Bigorre, 44
- Bigorre, originally land of “Bigerriones,” 44;
- Pic du Midi de, see “Pic”
- Blankets, 122-123
- Boella, Col de, 215
- Bonaigo, Pass of, nature of, 28, 31, 197
- Bota, see “Gourd”
- Boucacers, Col de, 211
- Boucharo, French name for Bujaruelo, 169
- Boussens, amazing cooking at, 230
- Bread, proper rations of, 125-126
- Brèche de Roland, 173
- Bujaruelo (Boucharo) in Sobrarbe, 169
- Burguete, hotel at, 221
- C
- Cabanes, use of, as shelter, 123
- — village and station of, starting-point for passes of Peyregrils and Fontargente, 188
- Cabillere, Pic de, 188
- Cacouette, gorge of, alluded to, 16, 152
- Cadi, Sierra del, mentioned, 20;
- aspect from St. Croz, 196;
- aspect of, from Cerdagne, 200
- Cady, brook of, 213
- Cambret, brook of, 214
- Camphor, sovereign against bugs, 223
- Camping, rules for, 128-133
- Canal Roya, example of difficulty of finding a col, 110-113
- — valley of, and col, 158
- — entrance to, 161-162
- Canfranc, 161;
- poor hotel of, 223
- Canigou, hotel near summit of, 231;
- district of, 210-216;
- peaks of, ways up to, 211-215
- Canillo, village of, 191
- Carlitte, group of mountains, 204
- Casteil, hamlet on way up Canigou, 212
- Castellbo, first stage in way from Urgel to Esterri, 194;
- delicious inn of, 229
- Catalans, their position on the range, 36
- Catalonia, origins of, 54
- Cauterets, hotels of, 226
- Cerberus, Cape, eastern limit of second axis of Pyrenees, 4
- Cerdagne, political anomaly of, 57-58;
- described, 199-203;
- why annexed by Mazarin, 201
- Chaitza, stream of, 151
- Christians, reconquest of Spanish slope by, 50-54
- Cinca, valley of, with Broto and Esera make up Sobrarbe, 167
- Cinqueta, affluent of the Cinca, 167
- Cirere, Col de, 213
- Climate of Pyrenees, 33-35
- Coidenes, bridge of, 188
- Col, or pass, see under particular names
- Comminges, modern name of district of Convenæ, 43-45
- Compass, variation of, in Pyrenees, 60;
- necessary in equipment, 127-128
- Consevanni, modern Conserans, 44-45
- Conserans, Roman “Consevanni,” 44-45
- Convenæ, 43-44
- Coumette, Pic de la, 188
- Cruz, Col de la, 174
- Cuberre, bridge of, 176
- D
- Dalmanya, torrent of, 213;
- village of, 213
- Dastan, Val, 185
- Distance, best reckoned in mountains by time, 76-78
- “Double Col,” most dangerous example of ambiguity in a pass, 137-140
- Driving in Pyrenees, 105
- E
- Eaux Bonnes, chief hotel of, 225
- — Chaudes, 164
- — hotel of, 225
- Elizondo, 147-148
- — hotels of, 220
- Elloronensium Civitas, modern Oloron, 44
- Elne, 42
- El Plan, posada of, 233
- Embalire, pass of, 31;
- easiest entry into Andorra, 191-193
- Encamps, village of, 191;
- inn of, 231
- Equipment, description of necessary, 115-124
- Erro, 148
- — inn at, 221
- Escaló, village of, 196
- Escolier, Pic d’, 150
- Escuain, Col de, 171
- Espousouille, hamlet of, 208
- Esterri, hotel of, 229
- — mentioned as example of a town in a Spanish valley, 18;
- described, 197;
- way to, from Urge, 194-198
- Europe, grouping of peoples unchanged in, during recorded history, 1-2
- F
- Fillols, on way up Canigou from Villefranche, 212
- Foix, county of, identical with valley of Ariège, 15
- Fontargente, tarn of, 191
- — pass of, into Andorra, 190-191
- Forata, Peña, 165
- Formiguères, village of, on way from Ax to Tet valley, 206
- French measurements, English equivalents, 74-77
- — slope of Pyrenees, formation of, 10-12;
- names and character of valleys on, 10-15;
- multiplicity of roads on, 79-82
- Frontier, political, its present connexion with watershed, 54-58
- G
- Gabas, 164
- — excellent hotel of, 224
- Gabediou, Pic de, 182
- Galbe, stream of, 208
- Gallego, valley of, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, 7
- — valley of, 166
- — valley of, easy connexion of, with valley of Aragon, 158
- Gari, valley of, 185
- Garonne, curious source of, 186
- Gas, Pic du Col de, 189
- Gascon, name of, supposed to be Basque, 39
- Gaulis, Col de, 170
- Gavarnie, example of a high-valley village, 21;
- town of, 226
- — Port de, 31
- — Cirque de, 181
- Gerbats, Pic de, 182
- Gistain, Col de, 175-176
- Glacé, lake, 186
- Glaciers, absence of, 33
- Gnoles, torrent of, 206
- Gourd, or bota, description of, 117-120
- H
- Hayra, forest of, 146
- Heas, stream and village of, 181-182
- Heights and distances, French, way of turning into English feet and miles, 74-77
- Helena, original name of Elne, 42
- Henry IV and Mazarin complete French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, 49
- Hix, 202
- Hospitalet, of Ariège, 191;
- of Luchon, 184
- Huesca, Sancho’s attempt on, 53;
- road to, 99, 103
- I
- Illiberis, old name for Elne, 42
- Inns, of the Pyrenees, 217-233;
- Spanish and French, contrasted, 218-233
- Iraty, Spanish valley, head-waters in France, 56
- Isaba, 153
- Ispeguy, pass of, between Baigorry and Baztan, 146
- J
- Jaca, mentioned as example of town in Spanish valley, 18;
- one of three mountain bishoprics on Spanish slope, 46;
- counted as French during Mahommedan occupation, 48;
- early independence of, 53;
- excellent hotel of, 223
- “Jasses,” nature of these flats, 15-16
- “Jeous,” local name, 26
- K
- Kilometre, estimate of, by time, 141-142
- Knapsack, see “Pack”
- L
- Labourd, valley of, 145
- Lakes, character of, in Pyrenees, 32;
- of Maladetta, Encantados, etc., 32
- Lakes of the Carlitte, 204
- Lamoux, lake of, 205
- Larrasoaña, 148
- Larrau, 151
- Laruns, 164;
- hotel of, 225
- La Tour Carol, 202;
- inn of, 231
- Laurhibar, village of, 149;
- stream and village of, 149-150
- Lecumberry, 149
- Le Tech, hamlet of, 214
- L’Homme, Pic de, western limit of second axis of Pyrenees, 4
- Licq, 151
- Llavorsi, village of, 196
- Llivia, 200-201
- Lourdes, hotels of, 225
- Luchon, valley of, with valleys of Tarbes, makes separate district in Pyrenees, 179-186
- — hot springs of, 183
- — way to Venasque from, by Port d’Oo, 185-186
- — valley and district of, 182-186;
- road to, from Val d’Aran, 197-198;
- wealth and hotels of, 228-229
- Lys, valley of, 185
- M
- Magdalena, river of, 195
- Maggi, provision of, 125;
- method of using, 127
- Maladetta, view of, from Port de Venasque, 185
- Maps, for the range, 59-78
- Marignac, forest of, 184
- Mauléon, capital of the Soule, 149
- Mazarin annexes Roussillon to France, 49
- — annexes Cerdagne, 56-58
- Mediterranean, civilization of, in connexion with Pyrenees, 42-43
- Merens, example of a high-valley village, 17-18
- Metres and kilometres, way of reducing to feet and miles, 74-76
- Midi, Pic du, d’Ossau, 160;
- de Bigorre, 180
- Moines, Col des, 157-161
- Mollo, see “Prats”
- Monsech, Sierra of, distance of, from main range, 9, 20
- Mont Louis, pass of, mentioned, 30;
- hotel of, 231
- Motoring in Pyrenees, by the “lower road,” 84-87;
- by the “upper road,” 86-93;
- across the range, 93-99;
- from Pamplona to Jaca, 99;
- to Saragossa, 99
- Mountain, ranges of, often regarded too simply, 2-3
- Mules, not always obtainable in inns, 219
- N
- Names, fantastic, of Pyrenees mountains, 24
- Napoleon III, makes Somport road from Urdos, 161
- Navarre with Béarn and Roussillon, the last exceptions to French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, 49
- Navas de Tolosa, battle of, 54
- Nive, French river, rises in Spain, 56
- Noguera Pallaresa, 196
- Noguille, lake of, 204
- Novempopulania, Roman district north of Pyrenees, 41-45
- O
- Olette, town of, 208
- Oloron, Roman name of, 44;
- main road from, to Saragossa, described, 93-96;
- hotels at, 222
- Oo, Port d’, 222
- Ordino, town of, 190
- Orgeix, 205
- Oriège, valley of, 205
- Orleu, 205
- Oroel, Peña d’, 161
- Ossau, Val d’, 164;
- Pic du Midi de, see “Pic”
- Otxogorrigagne, Mount, 152
- Ourdayte, or “Urdayte,” Port d’, 31, 152
- Ourdissettou, Pic d’, 181
- P
- Pack, type of, in equipment, 121-122
- Pallars, name of Esterri valley, 196
- Pamplona, Roman bishopric on Spanish slope, 46;
- road to, from Bayonne described, 96-99;
- hotels of, 221
- Pannikin, description of, 115-116
- Panticosa, way to Venasque from, through Sobrarbe, 167-178;
- numerous hotels of, 224
- Passes over Pyrenees, nature of, 27-32
- Path, importance of faint indications, so called, in Pyrenees, 113-115
- Pau, Gave de, valley of, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, 6
- Pelayo, heads the Reconquista, 51
- Peña, Sierra de la, mentioned, 19
- Perpignan, hotel and restaurant of, 231
- Peyregrils, pass of, into Andorra, 188-190
- Pic du Midi d’Ossau, 160;
- approach from Gabas, 164
- — de Bigorre, 180
- Pinède, cliffs of, 172
- Pique, river of, in Luchon valley, 184
- Pla de Guillem, pass of, in Canigou, 214
- Place names, Basque, in Spain and Pyrenees, 38-39
- Plan, El, village of, 177-178
- “Plans,” larger form of Jasses, 15-16
- Port Vendres, 42
- Portaillet, Col of, on shoulder of Canigou, 214
- Porte Blanche, pass of, into Andorra, 215
- Porté, 204;
- inn of, 231
- Porteille, notch between county of Foix and Roussillon, 208
- “Ports,” or passes, over Pyrenees, nature of, 26-30
- Posets, Pic de, 174
- Pourtalet, pass of, mentioned, 30;
- modern road over, 163-164
- Prades, town of, way up Canigou from, 212
- Prats de Mollo, 214
- Puigcerdá, 202
- Puigdarbet, peak of, on Canigou, 213
- Puillouse, marsh of, 205
- Puymorens, Col de, limit of the Catalans, 37
- — pass of, 204
- Py, on Canigou, 214
- Pyrenees, physical nature of, 1-35;
- double axis of, 3-8;
- length of chain, 4;
- original formation of, 8;
- contrast of northern and southern slope of, 9;
- climate of, 33-35;
- political character of, 36, etc.;
- form the bastion against Islam, 47
- — Treaty of, 49
- Q
- Quazémi peak of, on Canigou, 212
- R
- Railways, start far from main range on Spanish side, 21
- Rain, distribution of, in Pyrenees, 33-35
- Ranges, mountain, see “Mountain”;
- secondary, perpendicular to main range on northern, parallel to it on southern slope, 9, 19
- Reconquista, 50-54
- Rialb, stream of, 189
- Rivers, shape of their course on Spanish slope, 20
- Roman advance on Spanish slope, 45-47
- Romans, make watershed of Pyrenees a boundary, 40-41;
- their advance north of Pyrenees, 41-45
- Roncesvalles, pass of, mentioned, 30;
- high road through, 97;
- road to, from Pamplona, 148
- Roque Couloum, mountain, 211
- Roscino, gives name to Roussillon, 42
- Rou, tarn of, 204
- Roussillon, formed round valley of Tet, 15;
- with Navarre and Béarn, last exception to French sovereignty north of Pyrenees, 49
- S
- Sabouredo, Pic de, eastern limits of first axis of Pyrenees, 4
- Sahun, Col de, 178
- Saillagousse, 202;
- a place to avoid, 231
- St. Bertrand de Comminges, origin of, 45
- St. Croz, village of, 194
- St. Duillem, huts of, 214
- Ste. Engrace, 151-153
- — Port de, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, 6;
- passage of, 152-153
- — inn at, 222
- St. Etienne, in Baigorry, 146-147
- St. Girons, hotel of, 230
- St. Jean le Vieux, site of Roman town, 148
- St. Jean Pied de Port, 148;
- road from, to Soule, 148-151;
- hotels at, 221
- St. Jerome, his story of Convenæ, 45
- St. John, Port of, 195-196
- St. Lizier, originally Glycerius, 44
- Salau, pass of, distance of, from plains, 9, 20, 197
- — Port of, mentioned, 30
- Saldeu, pass and hamlet of, 191
- Salinas de Sin, 177
- Sallent, way to, from, Urdos, 161-163
- Sallent, character of inn of, 224
- — Port Vieux de, 163
- Salpichon, value of, 125
- Sancho, killed before Huesca, 53
- Sandales, see “Alpargatas”
- Sarabillo, 177
- Saragossa, the main road over Pyrenees to, 99, 103
- Sauvegarde, Pic de, 185
- Schrader, his map of central Pyrenees, 61, 73-74
- Secondary ranges, perpendicular to main range on northern side, parallel to it on the southern, 10, 19
- Sentina, torrent of, 177
- Serrat, village of, 190
- Snow, perennial, absence of in Pyrenees, 25
- Sobrarbe, name of Eastern Aragon, 20, 23;
- district in Pyrenees, 167-178
- Socks, folly of wearing, 116
- Somport, pass so called, position of, on axis of Pyrenees, 6;
- nature of, 28, 30;
- main road over, from Oloron to Saragossa, described, 92-95
- Soulauet, tarn of, 189
- Soule, district in Basque valleys, 148-154
- — road from St. Jean de Port to, 148-151
- Souscousse, woods of, 154
- Sousquéou, valley of, 164-165
- Spanish government, contrast of, with French, in Cerdagne, 201
- Spanish slope of Pyrenees, formation of, 10;
- type of valleys in, 18-24;
- Roman conquest of, 45-47;
- reconquest of, by Christians, 50-54;
- absence of roads on, 84;
- unmapped, 66;
- partially given in French maps, 67
- Spates, rare in Pyrenean streams, 32
- Spirits of wine, necessity of, 126-127
- Streams, Pyrenean, spates rare in, 32
- T
- Tarbelli, Roman name for people of Dax, 44
- Tarbes, originally Turba, 44;
- valleys of, and Luchon, district in Pyrenees, 179-186;
- hotel at, 182
- Tardets, central town of the Soule, 150-151;
- admirable hotel at, 221-222
- Taurinya, on way up Canigou from Prades, 212
- Tech, valley of, 211
- Tent, folly of carrying one, 124
- Tet, valley of, forms core of Roussillon, 15
- — valley of, with that of Ariège, makes a district in Pyrenees, 204-209
- Thirteen Winds, peak of, on Canigou, 214
- Tigra, forest of, 153
- Time, distance in mountains best reckoned by, 77-78
- Torla, with Bielsa and Venasque, chief centres of Sobrarbe, 167;
- first stage in way from Panticosa to Venasque, 169;
- curious inn at, 233
- Toro, Trou de, 186
- Torte, tarn of, 204
- Towns, nature of Pyrenean, 17
- Trainzaygues, 180
- Treaty of Pyrenees, 49
- Troumouse, Cirque, 181-182
- Turba, old name of Tarbes, 44
- Turmo, Cabane of, 176
- U
- Urdayte, or “Ourdayte,” port of, see “Ourdayte”
- Urdos, example of a high-valley village, 17;
- travel through, 160
- Urgel (Seo de), Roman bishopric on Spanish slope, 46;
- bishopric of, counted as French during Mahommedan occupation, 48;
- appearance of, 193-194;
- way from, to Esterri and Val d’Aran, 194-198;
- hotel at, 232
- Urtioga, Mount, western limit of Pyrenees, 4;
- in Basque valleys, 145
- V
- Val d’Aran, political anomaly of, 56-57;
- way to, from Urgel through Esterri, 194-198
- Val Carlos, 148;
- accommodation at, 221
- Vallcivera, Port de, 215
- Valleys, nature of, on French slope, 15-18;
- eight, on western French slope, 12-15;
- two (Ariège and Tet) on eastern French slope, 14-15;
- on Spanish slope, nature of, 18-24
- — the Four, district of Pyrenees, 155-166;
- strategical importance of, 155-156
- Valley, “wrong,” see “Wrong valley”
- Venasque, mentioned as example of a town in a Spanish valley, 18;
- way to, from Panticosa, through Sobrarbe, 168-178;
- alternative southern way to, from Bielsa, 177-178;
- way to, from Luchon by Port d’Oo, 185-186;
- posada of, 232
- — Port de, mentioned, 31, 184-185
- Vernet, on way up Canigou, 212
- Viella, in Val d’Aran, 197;
- road from, to Luchon, 198;
- hotels of, 229
- Vielle, hotel at, 227
- Villefranche, town of, rail-head in Tet valley, 209
- Vultures, Peak of the, 153
- W
- Watershed, forms political boundary during periods of high civilization, 40-41
- Weather, peculiar difficulty of main ridge in doubtful, 31
- Wine, Spanish, taste of, 219
- Wood, rarely found near lake in Pyrenees, 32;
- effect of, on streams, 33
- “Wrong valley,” types of danger of getting into, 133-140