Acarete du Biscay, Mons[ieur]: An account of a voyage up the river de la Plata, and thence overland to Peru. With observations on the inhabitants, as well as Indians and Spaniards; the cities, commerce, fertility, and riches of that part of America. By Mons[ieur] Acarete du Biscay. London, printed for Samuel Buckley, at the Dolphin over against St. Dunstan’s church in Fleet street, 1698. 79 pp. 12mo. 1 map.

An “original document,” and as such of interest and value, provided comparison be made with other historical sources of information, and with the facts which we have since acquired regarding geography, etc.

Acevedo, Eduardo: José Artigas, jefe de los orientales y protector de los pueblos libres. Su obra cívica. Alegato histórico. Por Eduardo Acevedo. (In 3 vols. 8ᵒ.) Montevideo, Gregorio V. Marino. Vol. I. 1909. 504 pp. front. Vol. II. 1909. 663 pp. Vol. III. 1910. 888 pp.

According to the compiler, an alegato (allegation), with “textual transcription of all the accusations and all the eulogies of which Artigas has been the object, and an examination of the evidence adduced.” It contains material of value for the study of Artigas, and the history of the countries about the río de la Plata during the decade from 1810-1820.

Acuña, Christopher de: Voyages and discoveries in South America. The first up the river of Amazons to Quito in Peru, and back again to Brazil, perform’d at the command of the king of Spain. By Christopher D’Acugna. The second up the river of Plata, and thence by land to the mines of Postosí. By Mons. Acarete. The third from Cayenne into Guiana, in search of the lake of Parima, reputed the richest place in the world. By M. Grillet and Bechamel. Done into English from the originals, being the only account of those parts hitherto extant. The whole illustrated with notes and maps. London, printed for S. Buckley at the Dolphin over against St. Dunstan’s church in Fleet street, 1698. viii, [190 pp.]. 12mo. 1 map.

Valuable original sources of information regarding the adventures of these early explorers, and their impressions of the countries visited.

Akers, Charles Edmond: A history of South America, 1854-1904. With an additional chapter bringing the history to the present day. By Charles Edmond Akers. New York, E. P. Dutton & co., 1912. xxviii, 716 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 7 maps. 46 illus.

The author says: “A residence of fourteen years in South America ... brought home to me the need of a concise history of the various South American states”; to meet this need he felt called upon to write the present work; an examination of it leads to the conclusion, however, that the want of a proper history of South America in English is quite as great now as it was before the appearance of this work; from the fanciful presentment of the coat of arms which appears upon the cover, and which is not South American, but Mexican, to the small detail of spelling, this book is a jumble of surnames (often unaccompanied by Christian names), statistics, unimportant fragments of history, trivial generalizations, bad English and inconsistent Spanish orthography; the first sentence in the body of the work shows a rare ingenuity in the mixing of metaphors: “The beginning of the nineteenth century found the Spanish colonies seething with discontent against the rule of the mother country, and so ripe for revolt that a spark only was necessary to fire the train;” and this is but a foretaste of the extraordinary style in which this author unburdens his mind; the result is neither entertaining nor instructive.

Agassiz, Professor, and Mrs. Louis [Elizabeth Cary] Agassiz: A journey in Brazil. By Professor Agassiz and Mrs. Louis [Elizabeth Cary] Agassiz. Boston, Ticknor & Fields, 1868. xix, 540 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 19 illus.

An interesting description of a journey made by acute observers who were gifted with the power of expression; properly documented; of importance to students of geography, botany, zoölogy and ethnology.

Agassiz, Louis: Scientific results of a journey in Brazil by Louis Agassiz and his traveling companions. Geology and physical geography of Brazil. By Ch. Fred. Hartt, professor of geology in Cornell university. With illustrations and maps. (Under caption: “Thayer expedition.”) Boston, Fields, Osgood & co., 1870. xxiii, 620 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 4 maps. 68 illus.

A sterling and well documented work by trained observers.

Anderson, C. L. G.: Old Panama and Castilla del Oro. A narrative history of the discovery, conquest, and settlement by the Spaniards of Panama, Darien, Veragua, Santo Domingo, Santa Marta, Cartagena, Nicaragua, and Peru; including the four voyages of Columbus to America, the discovery of the Pacific ocean by Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, a description of the aborigines of the Isthmus, accounts of the search for the strait through the new world and early efforts for a canal, the daring raids of Sir Francis Drake, the Buccaneers in the Caribbean and South seas, the sack of the city of Old Panama by Henry Morgan, and the story of the Scots colony on Caledonia bay. With maps and rare illustrations. By Dr. C. L. G. Anderson, medical reserve corps, United States army; etc. Boston, The Page co., MDCCCCXIV. xv, 559 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 3 maps. 38 illus.

A welcome and readable volume which deals with the history of the Isthmus of Panamá during the early colonial period, composed largely of free translations of documentary material, without adequate foot-notes.

Argentine republic, The: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 32 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 15 illus.

While this pamphlet, from the very nature of the case, like other similar pamphlets published by the Pan American union, is necessarily of very limited scope, it is of value to the general reader who may be interested in present or moderately recent conditions.

Arias, Harmodio: The Panama canal. A study in international law and diplomacy. By Harmodio Arias, B.A., LL.B., sometime exhibitioner and prizeman of St. John’s college, Cambridge, Quain prizeman in international law, university of London. London, P. S. King & son, 1911. xiv, 192 pp. 12mo.

A well documented review of the treaties, and of the bearing of the Monroe doctrine, a consideration of the principles which underlie the neutralization of waterways, a comparison of the Suez and the Panamá canals and a discussion of the fortification of the Panamá canal, with an appendix containing the treaties involved.

Aymé, Louis H.: Ancient temples and cities of the new world—Mitla. By Louis H. Aymé, consul general of the United States at Lisbon, Portugal. Bulletin of the Pan American union, September, 1911. pp. 548-567. 3 maps. 12 illus.

Devoted in the main to a description of the group of structures known as the hall or palace of the pillars or northern group, and the southern group; an interesting popular description, with excellent pictures.

Baerlein, Henry: Mexico, the land of unrest. Being chiefly an account of what produced the outbreak in 1910, together with the story of the revolution down to this day. By Henry Baerlein, lately special correspondent of “The Times,” in Mexico, author of “On the forgotten road,” “The Diwan of Abu’l Ala,” etc. London, Herbert & Daniel, [1913]. ix, 461 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 86 illus.

A bulky work with a title-page in two colors, intended to explain the downfall of Porfirio Díaz and to give an account of subsequent events; egotistical, dogmatic, vindictive, reportorial in style, wanting in perspective of experience or knowledge of history; one of numerous recent works that, while seeking to explain conditions in México, have but obscured the situation.

Baessler, Arthur: Ancient Peruvian art. Contributions to the archæology of the empire of the Incas. From his collections by Arthur Baessler. Translation by A. H. Keane. (In 4 vols. 20 × 14⅝ in.) Leipsic, Karl W. Hiersemann; Berlin, A. Asher & co.; New York, Dodd, Mead & co., 1902-1903. Vol. I. Drawings and paintings, representations in relief and on the round on north Peruvian earthenware; ornamental motives, houses and temple-pyramids; human beings, plates 1-49. Vol. II. Drawings and paintings, representations in relief and on the round on north Peruvian earthenware; mythical animals, plates 50-81. Vol. III. Drawings and paintings, representations in relief and on the round on north Peruvian earthenware; mythical persons, plates 82-130. Vol. IV. Paintings on earthenware from Pachacamac, plates 131-165.

Of rare interest and importance to students of Peruvian archæology.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe: History of Mexico; being a popular history of the Mexican people from the earliest primitive civilization to the present time. By Hubert Howe Bancroft. Maps and illustrations. New York, The Bancroft co., 1914. iv, 581 pp. 12mo. 47 maps. 151 illus.

Practically a reprint of the edition of 1887, with a few highly colored additions, made to cover recent events; awkward and inaccurate in style, and adding nothing of importance to the general accumulation of knowledge; a disappointment, in view of the fact that this author had access to vast stores of information already collected by himself.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe: History of the Pacific states of North America. By Hubert Howe Bancroft. (Of this Mexico is treated in Vols. IV-IX.) San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft & co., 1883. Vol. IV. 1516-1521. cxii, 702 pp. 8ᵒ. 6 maps, 5 in text. 3 illus. Vol. V. 1521-1600. xiv, 790 pp. 8ᵒ. 17 maps, 16 in text. 5 illus. Vol. VI. 1600-1803. xv, 780 pp. 8ᵒ. 14 maps, 13 in text. 5 illus. Vol. VII. 1804-1824. xiv, 829 pp. 8ᵒ. 30 maps in text. 7 illus. Vol. VIII. xiii, 812 pp. 8ᵒ. 34 maps, 33 in text. Vol. IX. xii, 760 pp. 8ᵒ. 25 maps, 24 in text.

A veritable storehouse and bibliography of material for history; in no sense an ordered and finished work.

Bandelier, A. F.: The gilded man (El dorado), and other pictures of the Spanish occupancy of America. New York, D. Appleton & co., 1893. 302 pp. 8ᵒ.

A reliable, interesting and dramatic relation of the following ancient stories: I: El dorado: 1 Cundinamarca, 2 Meta, 3 Omagua, 4 The expedition of Úrsula and Aguirre; II: Cibola: 1 The Amazons, 2 The seven cities, 3 Francisco Vásquez Coronado, 4 The New Mexican pueblos, 5 Quivira; III: The massacre of Cholula; IV: The ancient city of Santa Fe; V: Jean l’Archévéque.

Bandelier, Adolph F[rancis Alphonse]: The island of Titicaca and Koati. Illustrated By Adolph F[rancis Alphonse] Bandelier. New York, The Hispanic society of America, 1910. xvi (1), 358 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 3 maps. 82 illus.

An accurate and illuminating account of the central shrine of the Incas, by one whose intimate knowledge of the native races of America, based upon competent and thorough researches, makes him a prime authority.

Baralt, Rafael María, y Díaz, Ramón: Resúmen de la historia de Venezuela desde el año de 1797 hasta el de 1850. Por Rafael María Baralt y Ramon Diaz. Tiene al fin un breve bosquejo histórico que comprende los años de 1834 hasta 1857. (In 3 vols. 12mo.) Paris, imprenta de H. Fournier y compⁱᵃ, 1841. Vol. I. 598 [1] pp. front. 19 illus. Vol. II. 571 [1] pp. front. 21 illus. Vol. III. 448 [1] pp. front. 4 illus.

A work that covers the most important period of the history of this country; of merit and importance, and worthy of the attention of serious investigators, particularly of those who are interested in the career of Bolívar.

Barra, Eduardo de la: El problema de los Andes. By Eduardo de la Barra, ingeniero geógrafo. Buenos Aires, imprenta de Pablo E. Coni é hijos, 1895. 407 pp. 12mo.

A technical discussion of the boundary between Chile and Argentina, written in a good spirit, and of considerable value for the historian and the geographer.

Barrett, John: Latin-America of to-day and its relations to the United States. In proceedings of American political science association at the 14th annual meeting held in Madison, Wisconsin, December 27-31, 1907. pp. 34-45. 8ᵒ. By honorable John Barrett, director general of the bureau of American republics. Baltimore, Maryland, The Waverly press, 1908.

A hasty review of the relations existing seven years ago between the United States and the countries to the southward, with a sketch of the development of the International bureau of American republics (Pan American union).

Barrett, John: Panama canal, what it is, what it means. By John Barrett, director general of the Pan American union, etc. Washington, D.C., Pan American union, 1913. 120 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 7 maps. 82 illus.

An historical sketch of the Isthmus, and of the Canal, and of the works pertaining to it, with a considerable array of statistics, a gazetteer of names, a collection of maps and pictures which gives a good idea of the undertaking; of interest to the general reader.

Bates, Henry Walter: The naturalist on the river Amazons. A record of adventures, habits of animals, sketches of Brazilian and Indian life, and aspects of nature under the equator, during eleven years of travel. By Henry Walter Bates. In two vols. London, John Murray, 1863. Vol. I. viii, 351 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 17 illus. Vol. II. iv, 423 pp. 12mo. front. 23 illus.

The personal observations of a discerning traveler and investigator, made before many of the regions which he visited had fallen under European influence.

Bechamel, Francis: (see Grillet and Acuña).

Beebe, Mary Blair, and C. William: Our search for a wilderness. An account of two ornithological expeditions to Venezuela and to British Guiana. By Mary Blair Beebe and C. William Beebe, curator of ornithology in the New York zoölogical park, etc. Illustrated with photographs from life taken by the authors. New York, Henry Holt & co., 1910. xi, 408 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 160 illus.

Worthy of all praise and of universal possession; many of the illustrations are of extraordinary excellence.

Bell, Alured Gray: The beautiful Rio de Janeiro. By Alured Gray Bell. London, Heinemann, (no date). xix, 194 pp. 4ᵒ. front. 3 maps. 2 charts. 58 illus. in colors, 110 illus. in black and white.

The author has the frankness to say in his introduction: “This is a subventioned work—subventioned by ... ministers of state and other magnates, who desire that English-speaking people should be better acquainted than our schoolboy with the magnificent metropolis of Brazil. Under such obligations I have endeavored to avoid flattery, quite satisfied that it defeats the very purpose of advertisement.” Bearing this in mind, and expecting only the popular, superficial and admirative style, the reader will not be disappointed in this work; it gives a good impression of the Brazilian capital, and furnishes statistics and other data regarding the city, its institutions, trade, etc.

Bell, Edward I.: The political shame of Mexico. By Edward I. Bell, formerly editor and publisher of “La Prensa” and “The Daily Mexican” of Mexico City. New York, McBride, Nast & co., 1914. [ix], 422 pp. 12mo. front. 11 illus. (Under series caption: “International bureau of American republics.”)

Although wanting in perspective of historical knowledge, displaying evidence of bias, and in many respects inaccurate, this work is based upon well used exceptional opportunities for personal observation regarding the secret diplomacy of the successors of Díaz; it is therefore an interesting and valuable human document, in which the author seems to make good his contention that, although the government of the United States has usually been honest in its dealings with México, it has been invariably mistaken.

Bennett, Frank: Forty years in Brazil. By Frank Bennett. Illustrated. London, Mills & Boon, ltd., [1914.] xxiii, 271 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 30 illus.

A little of everything: geography, history, science, trade, customs; to be commended for simplicity, accuracy, kind of information supplied, emphasis, and general readableness.

Bernárdez, Manuel: El Brazil, su vida, su trabajo, su futuro. Itinerario periodístico. Por Manuel Bernárdez. Buenos Aires (R. Argentina), 1908. xxxv, 284 pp. 8ᵒ. 4 maps, 1 of which is in relief. 122 illus.

A general survey of the country and people, with very instructive although not well executed pictures.

Bigelow, John: American policy. The western hemisphere in its relation to the eastern. By John Bigelow, major U.S. army, retired; author of “Mars-la-tour and Gravelotte,” “The principles of strategy,” “Reminiscences of the Santiago campaign,” “The campaign of Chancellorsville.” New York, Charles Scribner’s sons, 1914. vi, 184 pp. 12mo. 1 map.

A terse, sound, philosophic and suggestive statement of the principles that underlie the international policy of the United States, and of the problems that confront the other countries of this hemisphere and the United States in its relation to them; of great value.

Biggs, James: The history of don Francisco de Miranda’s attempt to effect a revolution in South America in a series of letters. By James Biggs, revised, corrected, and enlarged; to which are annexed sketches of the life of Miranda, and geographical notices of Caracas. London, printed for the author by T. Gillet, 1809. xv, 312 pp. 12 mo.

Letters written at the time by one who participated in the venture; of use to such students as may be able to make allowance for the temperament and attitude of the author.

Bigg-Wither, Thomas P.: Pioneering in south Brazil. Three years of forest and prairie life in the province of Paraná. By Thomas P. Bigg-Wither, assoc. inst. C. E., F.R.G.S. In two vols. With map and illustrations. London, John Murray, 1878. Vol. I. xiii, 378 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 8 illus. Vol. II. x, 328 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 10 illus.

A record of interesting travel and adventures, overloaded with superfluous details.

Bilbao, Manuel: Buenos Aires desde su fundación hasta nuestros dias. Especialmente el período comprendido en los siglos XVIII y XIX. Precedido de una carta del doctor don Vicente Fidel López. Por Manuel Bilbao, Buenos Aires, imprenta de Juan A. Alsina, 1902. xiii. 664 pp. 8ᵒ.

A brief survey of the early history of Buenos Aires, and an extended account of its more recent development, with attention to well verified familiar tradition; it contains valuable material for the historian.

Bingham, Hiram: Across South America. An account of a journey from Buenos Aires to Lima by way of Potosí. With notes on Brazil, Argentine, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. By Hiram Bingham, Yale university. With eighty illustrations and maps. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin co., 1911. xvi, 405 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 7 maps. 75 illus.

A notable addition to the literature on this subject, judicious in tone, sympathetic, the work of a trained observer; marred by errors and inconsistencies of grammar and orthography.

Bingham, Hiram: In the wonderland of Peru. A work accomplished by the Peruvian expedition of 1912, under the auspices of Yale university and the National geographic society. By Hiram Bingham, director of the expedition. Reprinted from the National geographic magazine, April, 1913. Washington, press of Judd and Detweiler, 1915. 187 pp. 8ᵒ. 1 map. 253 illus.

An instructive popular account of the expedition and investigations, with reproductions of many good photographs.

Bingham, Hiram: The Monroe doctrine, an obsolete shibboleth. By Hiram Bingham. New Haven, Yale university press; London, Humphrey Milford, Oxford university press, MDCCCCXIII. vii, 154 pp. 16mo.

An interesting statement with which the well informed will probably agree, and which emphasizes the need of a general American formula and understanding that may serve to take the place of what was once a useful doctrine, but which is now both improper and disturbing.

Bingham, Hiram: The possibilities of South American history and politics as a field for research. By Hiram Bingham. Reprinted from the “Bulletin” of the International bureau of the American republics [Pan American union.] February, 1908. 18 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph.

A suggestive and helpful indication of available materials, with abundant foot-notes; of considerable bibliographical value.

Bingham, Hiram: Vitcos, the last Inca capital. By Hiram Bingham, director of the Yale Peruvian expedition. In proceedings of the Antiquarian society, April 10, 1912-October 16, 1912. [Wooster, published by the society, 1912.] pp. 135-196. 8ᵒ. 1 map. 7 illus.

A genuine contribution to scientific knowledge, with a bibliography at the back.

Biscay, Acarete du: An account of a voyage up the river de la Plata, and thence over land to Peru. With observations on the inhabitants, as well as Indians and Spaniards; the cities, commerce, fertility, and riches of that part of America. By Acarete du Biscay. London, printed for Samuel Buckley, at the Dolphin over against St. Dunstan’s church in Fleet street, 1698. 68 pp. 12mo. [Bound in with Christopher d’Acugna’s work. See Acuña.]

Bishop, Farnham: Panamá, past and present. By Farnham Bishop. New York, The Century co., 1913. xvi, 271 pp. 12mo. front. 88 illus.

A satisfactory historical sketch, and an accurate description of the construction and equipment of the Canal, based upon information gathered under exceptionably favorable circumstances.

Bolivia: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 13 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 1 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet: “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Bonsai, Stephen: The American Mediterranean. By Stephen Bonsai, author of “The fight for Santiago,” “The golden horseshoe,” etc. Illustrated. New York, Moffat, Yard & co., 1912. ix, 488 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 2 maps. 15 illus.

A record of the experiences of several voyages among the Caribbean countries, in the chatty, superficial style that usually goes with ephemeral literature; not without interest to those who are content to wander far for little information.

Bourgade, Dr. E. de la Dardye: Paraguay: the land and the people, natural wealth and commercial capabilities. By Dr. E. de la Dardye Bourgade. English edition, edited by E. G. Ravenstein, F.R.G.S. With map and illustrations. London and Liverpool, George Philip & son, 1892. xiii, 243 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 12 illus.

A satisfactory description of physical features, social life, and industries, as seen during the author’s two years’ stay in the country, with appendixes containing statistics and a table of moneys, weights and measures.

Boyce, W. D.: Illustrated South America. A Chicago publisher’s travels and investigations in the republics of South America, with 500 photographs of people and scenes from the Isthmus of Panama to the Straits of Magellan. By W. D. Boyce, publisher of the “Chicago Saturday Blade” and the “Chicago Ledger.” Chicago and New York, Rand, McNally & co., [1912]. xv, 638 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 1 map. 500 illus.

A hodge-podge of superficial observations, crude opinions, fragments of history, and statistics regarding all the countries of South America, extensively but not well illustrated, and written in an abominable style.

Brandon, Edgar Ewing: Latin-American universities and special schools. By Edgar Ewing Brandon, vice president of Miami university, [Ohio]. (Under caption: “United States bureau of education, bulletin, 1912: No. 30.”) Washington, Government printing office, 1913. 153 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 71 illus.

A work of exceptional value, inasmuch as it is not merely the only one of its character, but also because it was conscientiously and well prepared; the illustrations in general are good; it should be in the hands of all North American educators and librarians.

Brazil: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 37 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 13 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet: “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Brinton, Daniel G.: A primer of Mayan hieroglyphics. By Daniel G. Brinton, A.M., M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., professor of American archæology and linguistics in the university of Pennsylvania, president of the American association for the advancement of science, etc., etc. (Under caption: “Publications of the university of Pennsylvania. Series in philology, literature, and archæology. Vol. II, No. 2.”) Ginn & co., agents for the United States, Canada, and England, (no date.) vi, 152 pp. 8ᵒ. 141 reproductions of picture writings.

Clear, comprehensive, concise; of real interest and value for the serious historian.

Brinton, Daniel G.: Rig Veda Americanus. Sacred songs of the ancient Mexicans, with a gloss in Nahuatl. Edited, with a paraphrase, notes and vocabulary. By Daniel G. Brinton, A.M., M.D., professor of American archæology and linguistics in university of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, the author, 1890. (Under caption: “Brinton’s library of aboriginal American literature. Number VIII.”) 95 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 4 illus.

Interesting to both the specialist and the general reader, to the former because of its linguistic and ethnic value, to the latter because of the glimpse which it gives of primitive psychology.

Brinton, Daniel G.: The native calendar of Central America and Mexico, a study in linguistics and symbolism. By Daniel G. Brinton, A.M., M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., professor of American archæology and linguistics in the university of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, MacCalla & co., 1893. 59 pp. 8ᵒ.

A well documented and thorough discussion of these most important of surviving intellectual monuments.

Brown, C. Barrington, and Lidstone, William: Fifteen thousand miles on the Amazon and its tributaries. By C. Barrington Brown, assoc. R.S.M., author of “Canoe and camp life in British Guiana,” and William Lidstone, C.E. With map and wood engravings. London, Edward Stanford, 1878. xiii, 520 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 1 map. 23 illus.

A book of travel, with numerous observations and incidents; although much too long, and overloaded with trivial details, it contains material that may serve the student of geography and ethnology.

Brown, Hubert W.: Latin America. Students’ lectures on missions. Princeton theological seminary. MCMI. The pagans, the papists, the protestants and the present-day problem. By Hubert W. Brown, M.A. Illustrated. New York, Fleming H. Revell co., 1901. Reprint: Young people’s missionary movement of the United States and Canada, 1909. 308 pp. 12mo. front. 20 illus.

Pardoning the obvious tendency to alliteration and the frankly sectarian bias of the professional missionary, an interesting plea for the author’s kind of religion, with felicitous presentations of fragments of history, social usages, and the life in general of fairly diversified types of people in México and Central and South America.

Bruce, G. J.: Brazil and the Brazilians. By G. J. Bruce. With eight illustrations. New York, Dodd, Mead & co., 1914. 307 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 7 illus.

A source of considerable information in a very light vein.

Bryce, James: South America. Observations and impressions. By James Bryce, author of “The holy Roman empire,” “The American commonwealth,” etc. With maps. New York, The Macmillan co., 1912. xxiv, 611 pp. 8ᵒ. 5 maps.

Probably none but the gifted and distinguished author of this work could produce so readable and interesting a volume under the circumstances which attended his brief visit to South America; his intention was so excellent, and the style is so admirable, that one is disposed to forgive the misapprehensions and consequent misinterpretations which sprang from the natural limitations to which he was subjected.

Buley, E. C.: North Brazil. Physical features, natural resources, means of communication, manufactures and industrial development. (South American handbooks.) By E. C. Buley. New York, D. Appleton & co., MCMXIV. 216 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 3 maps. 15 illus.

An account of geography, climate, plants, animals, history, distribution of population, government, social conditions, industries, public service and transportation; excellent in every way.

Buley, E. C.: South Brazil. Physical features, natural resources, means of communication, manufactures and industrial development. (South American handbooks.) By E. C. Buley. London, Bath, New York, and Melbourne, Sir Isaac Pitman & sons, ltd., 1914. 219 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 2 maps. 14 illus.

See comment on “North Brazil” by this author.

Bullard, Arthur [Albert Edwards]: Panama, the canal, the country and the people. By Arthur Bullard. Revised edition with additional chapters. Illustrated, New York, The Macmillan co., 1914. xiv, 601 pp. 12mo. front. 44 illus.

When the author says in his preface, “the works of Bancroft, Fiske, Irving, Prescott and Winsor—the principal authorities on the epoch of discovery and colonization—have been freely used,” he utters a truth in the last part of his statement and an absurdity when he characterizes these as “the principal authorities,” that remove him from consideration as a serious or original historian; he slides awkwardly upon the surface of things, expressing himself with that dogmatism which is not infrequently associated with ignorance.

Bulnes, Francisco: El verdadero Juárez y la verdad sobre la intervención y el imperio. Por Francisco Bulnes. París y México, librería de la vda. de Ch. Bouret, 1904. 873 pp. 8ᵒ. front. of author.

A diatribe against the Mexican reformer, with a clerical and conservative bias; the ample documentation does not sustain the generalizations. See “Juárez” by García, Genaro.

Burke, Ulick Ralph: A life of Benito Juárez, constitutional president of Mexico. By Ulick Ralph Burke, M.A., author of “A life of Gonsalva de Cordova,” etc. London and Sydney, Remington & co., 1894. x, 384 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map.

A well documented and useful biography, barring inexcusably bad Spanish, which one must usually forgive English writers regarding the American countries.

Burton, Captain Richard F[rancis]: Explorations of the highlands of the Brazil; with a full account of the gold and diamond mines; also, canoeing down 1500 miles of the great river São Francisco, from Sabará to the sea. By Captain Richard F[rancis] Burton, F.R.G.S., etc. In 2 vols. 8ᵒ. London, Tinsley bros., 1869. Vol. I. x, 443 pp. front. Vol. II. viii, 478 pp. front. 1 map.

Of much value to the student of geography who knows how to make allowance for the strong and predetermining characteristics of the author.

Burton, Captain Richard F[rancis]: Letters from the battle-fields of Paraguay. By Captain Richard F[rancis] Burton, F.R.G.S., etc., author of “Explorations of the highlands of Brazil,” etc. With a map and illustrations. London, Tinsley bros., 1870. xix, 491 pp. 8ᵒ. front.

Sprightly and interesting, in the manner of all the writings of this indefatigable traveler and author, without being either fair or conclusive; inadequate, dogmatic, unsupported by references, yet occasionally presenting an illuminating observation.

Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Núñez: (see Schmidt, Ulrich).

Calderón, Francisco García: La creación de un continente. By Francisco García Calderón. París, Librería Paul Ollendorff, [1912]. xiv, 264 pp. 12mo.

An exposition of the ideas of a brilliant Peruvian as to the future of this hemisphere; much of it deals with the position and attitude of the United States, the author’s views regarding which seem to have been based upon European and South American books rather than upon his own personal knowledge; while it contains many striking passages, it is only slightly conclusive and constructive.

Calderón, F[rancisco] García: Latin America: its rise and progress. By F[rancisco] García Calderón, with a preface by Raymond Poincaré, of the French academy, president of the council of ministers. Translated by Bernard Miall. London and Leipsic, T. Fisher Unwin, 1913. xvii, 406 pp. 8ᵒ. 1 map. 22 ports. 2 illus.

“Here is a book which should be read and discussed by every one interested in the future of the Latin genius. It is written by a young Peruvian diplomatist. It is full of life and thought. History, politics, economic and social science, literature, philosophy—M. Calderón is familiar with all and touches upon all with competence and without pedantry. The entire evolution of the South American republics is comprised in the volume which he now submits to the European public.”—M. Poincaré. A proper statement regarding this most excellent work, which may not be overlooked by any student of South American affairs, although many of those who know both the Americas will not agree with some of the conclusions reached; the author’s ideas are patently colored by his exceptional antecedents, inheritance and career; the translation is unsatisfactory, and the spelling of names is inconsistent, owing to the fact that the translator, instead of using the correct Spanish forms, took them from the French original, in which they had suffered mutilation.

Calderón, Francisco García: Mediación de los Estados Unidos de Norte América en la guerra del Pacífico. (See Logan, Cornelius A.)

Calderón, Ignacio: Bolivia: address delivered by the Bolivian minister, Mr. Ignacio Calderón, under the auspices of the National geographic society at Washington, D.C. Conferencia leída en la sociedad Geográfica de Washington, D.C. Por el señor Ignacio Calderón, Washington, D.C., (no imprint), January 25, 1907. 21 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph.

An excellent outline of the history and geography of Bolivia, by one who not only understood his own country, but who had that knowledge of the United States which enabled him to describe what would be of interest to the people of this country.

Calvo, Joaquin Bernardo: The republic of Costa Rica. By Joaquin Bernardo Calvo. Translated from the Spanish and edited by L. de T. With an introduction, additions, and extensions by the editor. Map and illustrations. Chicago and New York, Rand, McNally & co., 1890. 286 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 19 illus.

A little of everything thrown together: geography, history, botany, zoölogy, agriculture, industries, commerce, government, society; not without value.

Carpenter, Frank G.: South America, social, industrial, and political. A twenty-five-thousand-mile journey in search of information in the Isthmus of Panama and the lands of the equator, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Tierra del Fuego, the Falklands, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, and the Orinoco basin. The resources and possibilities of the various countries, the life and customs of the people, their governments, business methods, and trade. By Frank G. Carpenter, author of “Through Asia” and “Through North America.” Fully illustrated. New York, Western W. Wilson, [1900]. vi, 625 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 161 illus.

If the author had possessed a more extensive perspective of historical knowledge before he began his “twenty-five-thousand-mile journey in search of information,” his book might have had an enduring value; as it is, it is but crude and superficial chatter in the manner of a professional guide entertaining his none too intelligent hearers.

Carr, Charles Carl: The Story of Panama. The new route to India. (See Gause, Frank A.)

Carson, W. E.: Mexico, the wonderland of the south. By W. E. Carson. Illustrated. New York, The Macmillan co., 1909. xi, 439 pp. 12mo. front. 58 illus.

The author says this book was intended “to give a pen-picture, fresh, accurate, and inclusive of Mexico to-day;” whatever his intention he has produced one of the most inaccurate, superficial, and trivial of the numerous works which have misrepresented and belittled México during these latter years.

Cevallos, Pedro Fermin: Resumen de la historia del Ecuador, desde su origen hasta 1845. Per Pedro Fermin Cevallos, individuo de la academia Ecuatoriana y correspondiente de la Real Española. Segunda edicíon revisada por el autor. 5 vols. Guayaquil, imprenta de la Nacion, 1886. Tomo I. 540 pp. 12mo. Tomo II. 334[3] pp. 12mo. Tomo III. 414, lvi[vi] pp. 12mo. Tomo IV. 473, vi pp. 12mo. Tomo V. 474[1] pp. 12mo.

Not to be disregarded by the serious student, although miserably printed, and not documented to any considerable degree.

Chandler, Charles Lyon: Inter-American acquaintances. By Charles Lyon Chandler, formerly a student at the universidad de San Marcos de Lima and of the universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Sewanee, Tennessee, The university press, MCMXV. vi[1], 139 pp. 12mo.

Designed to show “(1) That the moral and material aid and example of the United States were a factor in the Latin-American wars of independence; (2) that during that time, as well as previously, much was spoken and written by both North and South Americans which forecasted the Pan American movement, embodying the fundamental ideas on which the Pan American union is based.”—Preface. This thesis, supported by citations from documents not generally accessible, is interestingly developed, and, barring occasional linguistic, grammatical, and rhetorical infelicities, this little book is a fair presentation of serviceable material.

Chile: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 25 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 12 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet: “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Clark, Francis E.: The continent of opportunity. The Spanish American republics—their history, their resources, their outlook. Together with a traveler’s impressions of present day conditions. By Francis E. Clark, D.D., LL.D., author of “A new way around an old world,” “Fellow travelers,” “Training the church of the future,” etc. New York, Fleming H. Revell co., 1907; Young people’s missionary movement of the United States and Canada, xii, 349[2] pp. 12mo. 1 map. front. 22 illus.

An account of a trip of five months through Panamá, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil; of that popular character to be expected from the pen of so indefatigable a traveler and organizer; not without value, particularly for those who would see with the eyes of a propagandist trying to be fair.

Clemenceau, Georges: South America of to-day. A study of conditions, social, political and commercial in Argentine, Uruguay and Brazil. By Georges Clemenceau, formerly minister of France. New York and London, G. P. Putnam’s sons, 1911. xii, 434 pp. 8ᵒ.

Confessedly but an account of pleasant recollections of travel; only slightly affected either by a knowledge of the languages and history of the peoples visited, or by any serious acquaintance with facts.

Clowes, Sir William Laird: Four modern naval Campaigns, historical, strategical, and tactical. By Sir William Laird Clowes. With maps, plans, and a frontispiece portrait of the author. London, Hutchinson & co., 1906. 244 pp. 12mo. front. 11 maps. 5 plans.

The last three campaigns were in the war between Chile and Perú, 1879-81; in the war in Chile between the president and congress, 1891; and in the attempted revolution in Brazil, 1893-94; not to be overlooked by the student.

Cochrane, Capt. Charles Stuart: Journal of a residence and travels in Colombia, during the years 1823 and 1824. By Capt. Charles Stuart Cochrane of the royal navy. (In 2 vols. 12mo.) London, printed for Henry Colburn, 1825. Vol. I. xv, 524 pp. front. Vol. II. viii, 517 pp. front.

Disclaiming the qualities of a writer, the author, who was a chief actor in the events described, supplies historical material based upon personal observation that is of service to the student.

[Cochrane], Thomas, Earl of Dundonald: Narrative of services in the liberation of Chile, Peru, and Brazil, from Spanish and Portuguese domination. By Thomas [Cochrane], Earl of Dundonald, G.C.B., admiral of the red; rear-admiral of the fleet, etc. (In 2 vols. 8ᵒ.) London, James Ridgway, MDCCCLIX. Vol. I. xxii, 293 pp. Vol. II. xi, 305 pp.

An account of the struggles for independence by one of the participants; the first volume contains the history of the achievement of Chilian independence and the liberation of Perú as effected by the squadron under command of the author; the second, that of the part he played as commander of the Brazilian squadron, by means of which, as he claims, he expelled all the Portuguese armaments from the eastern shores of South America “while unaided by military coöperation;” it supplies details for the historian, even if egotistical.

Colombia: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 26 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 7 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet: “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Conway, Sir Martin: The Bolivian Andes. A record of climbing and exploration in the cordillera Real in the years 1898 and 1900. By Sir Martin Conway. Illustrated. New York and London, Harper & bros., 1901. viii[i], 402[1] pp. 12mo. front. 74 illus.

A well written and illustrated narrative; of great scientific interest and value; the appendix contains a description by L. J. Spencer of the forty-six specimens collected by the author in Bolivia.

Costa Rica: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 19 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 7 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet: “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Crichfield, George W.: American supremacy. The rise and progress of the Latin American republics and their relations to the United States under the Monroe doctrine. By George W. Crichfield. In two volumes. New York, Brentano’s, 1908. Vol. I. ix, 561 pp. 8ᵒ. Vol. II. vii, 683[1] pp. 8ᵒ.

This work is utterly unreliable in matter and inaccurate in form; more than a thousand errors in orthography alone occur in the first hundred pages; in spirit it is undisguisedly biased, in style, clumsy and commonplace, and it is not even plausible in its vindictive hostility to Spaniards and Latin-Americans whom it excoriates without giving the authorities for its damaging statements; indeed, it is wanting in redeeming qualities; how it ever secured a respectable publisher passes understanding.

Cuba: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 16 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 1 chart. 7 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet: “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Curtis, William Eleroy: The capitals of Spanish America. By William Eleroy Curtis, late commissioner from the United States to the governments of Central and South America. Illustrated. New York, Harper & bros., 1888. xv, 715 pp. 1 map. 314 illus.

Worthless, with its 314 absurd illustrations done in the bad manner of the period to which this book belongs, save as an indication of the progress that has been made in works of this character.

Curtis, William Eleroy: Venezuela, a land where it’s always summer. By William Eleroy Curtis, author of “The capitals of Spanish America,” etc. With a map. New York, Harper & bros., 1896. 315 pp. 12mo. 1 map.

Pardoning the absurd subtitle, and the entire absence of references to sources of information, this historical sketch will be found interesting to general readers, in lieu of really good works on the subject.

Dalton, Leonard V.: Venezuela. By Leonard V. Dalton, B.Sc. (Lond.), fellow of the Geographical and Royal geographical societies, etc. With a map and 34 illustrations. London and Leipsic, T. Fisher Unwin, 1912. 320 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 1 map. 34 illus.

Devoted to geography, geology, botany, zoölogy and history, beginning with pre-Columbian times and extending to the present, with a study of the various states in turn, and appendixes giving population, commerce, government finance and bibliography; conscientious, sane, reliable, based on intimate personal knowledge.

Darwin, Charles: Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world under the command of Captain Fitz Roy, R.N. By Charles Darwin, M.A., F.R.S. (In 2 vols. 16ᵒ.) New York, Harper & bros., 1846. Vol. I. vii, 351 pp. Vol. II. v, 324 pp.

Invaluable observations upon various regions and aspects of South America.

Davis, Walter G.: Climate of the Argentine Republic. By Walter G. Davis, director of the Argentine meteorological office. (Under caption: “Department of agriculture, Argentine republic.”) Buenos Aires, Argentine meteorological office, 1910. 111 pp. 4ᵒ. 44 plts.

Of very great value to those who are interested in this subject; the charts are unusually good.

Dawson, Thomas C.: The South American republics. (Series caption, “The story of the nations.”) In two parts. By Thomas C. Dawson, secretary of the United States legation to Brazil. New York and London, G. P. Putnam’s sons, Part I, 1903, Part II, 1904; Young people’s missionary movement of the United States and Canada, 1909. Part I. Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil. xvi, 525 pp. 12mo. front. 3 maps. 24 ports. 37 illus. Part II. (The author then being minister of the United States to the Dominican republic.) Perú, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, Panamá. xiv, 513 pp. 12mo. 3 maps. 5 ports. 57 illus.

An historical and geographical study of each of the South American countries in turn; interesting, popular, simple in style; without documentation; evidently the fruit of personal experience and of the study of books of a secondary character, whose statements the author appears to have accepted without verification; often dogmatic, and sometimes needlessly caustic; although numerous, the illustrations are inferior.

[Deberle, Alfred Joseph]: The history of South America from its discovery to the present time. Compiled from the works of the best authors and from authentic documents, many hitherto unpublished, in various archives and public and private libraries in America and Spain. By an American. (Written in French by Alfred Joseph Deberle.) Translated from the Spanish by Adnah D[avid] Jones. With maps and index by the translator. London, Swan, Sonnenschein & co., lim.; New York, The Macmillan co., 1899. vi, 345 pp. 8ᵒ. 2 maps.

An undocumented history, readable and instructive, and of value to those who are not able to obtain access to more ample works.

Decoud, José Segundo: A list of books, magazine articles, and maps relating to Paraguay. Books, 1638-1903. Maps, 1599-1903. Prepared by José Segundo Decoud, honorary corresponding member of the International union of American republics, etc. A supplement to the handbook of Paraguay, published in September, 1902, by the International bureau of the American republics. Washington, Government printing office, 1904. 53 pp. 12mo.

A bibliography of exceptional value.

Decoud, José Segundo: Paraguay. Second edition, revised and enlarged. By José Segundo Decoud, honorary corresponding member of the International union of American republics, with a chapter on the native races by Dr. J. Hampden Porter. September, 1902. Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 187 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 8 illus.

It contains interesting data relating to geography, climate, present population, native races, constitution and government, political divisions, industries, commerce, public utilities, education and religion.

Denis, Pierre: Brazil. By Pierre Denis. Translated and with a historical chapter, by Bernard Miall, and a supplementary chapter by Dawson A. Vindin. With a map and thirty-six illustrations. London and Leipsic, T. Fisher Unwin, MCMXI. 388 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 3 maps. 36 illus.

This work contains an historical sketch, an account of political, economic, financial and agricultural conditions, with particular attention to São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sol, and Ceará; although sketchy and awkwardly arranged, it contains valuable material.

Dent, Hastings Charles: A year in Brazil. With notes on the abolition of slavery, the finances of the empire, religion, meteorology, natural history, etc. By Hastings Charles Dent, C.E., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., member of the Manchester literary and philosophical society, etc. With ten full-page illustrations and two maps. London, Kegan Paul, Trench & co., 1886. xvii, 444 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 2 maps. 9 illus.

A journal of life and study in various parts of the country, with an appendix which contains interesting data respecting mines, railways, religion, slavery, currency, meteorological conditions, botany and zoölogy.

Díaz del Castillo, Bernal: Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España. Por Bernal Díaz del Castillo, uno de sus conquistadores. Única edición hecha según el códice autógrafo. La publica Genaro García. (In 2 vols. 8ᵒ.) México, oficina tipográfica de la secretaría de Fomento, 1904. Tomo I. lxxxiii, 506 pp. front. Tomo II. 560 pp.

One of the most important of the early documents; never to be overlooked by the historian, and of interest even to the general reader who may have the patience to master its peculiar style.

Díaz, Ramón: (see Baralt, Rafael María).

Dixie, Lady Florence [C. D.]: Across Patagonia. By Lady Florence [C. D.] Dixie. With illustrations from sketches by Julius Beerbohm engraved by Whymper and Pearson. London, Richard Bentley & son, 1880. xiii, 251 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 12 illus.

The wild and little known land seen through the medium of a vigorous and abundant temperament; not lacking in interest as a mere narrative of travel and adventure.

Dominican Republic: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 17 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 2 charts. 6 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet; “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Domville-Fife, Charles W.: Guatemala and the states of Central America. By Charles W. Domville-Fife, author of “The great states of South America,” “Submarine engineering of to-day,” etc. Illustrated. London, Francis Griffiths; New York, James Pott & co., [1913]. 310 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 56 illus.

Although frankly effusive and too optimistic, and of that popular character that annoys the student, it contains occasional quotations, accounts of observations and odds and ends of information that may be valuable to the patient reader.

Domville-Fife, Charles W.: The United States of Brazil. With a chapter on the republic of Uruguay. By Charles W. Domville-Fife, author of “Submarines of the world’s navies.” Illustrated. New York, James Pott & co., [1911]. xxii, 249 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 1 map. 102 illus.

Part one, which consists mainly of extracts from early writers, brings interesting material within easy reach; part two is a general description of present conditions; although commonplace in style and clumsy in arrangement, it contains instructive data.

Dupaix, M[onsieur Guillaume]: Monuments of New Spain. By M[onsieur Guillaume] Dupaix. From the original drawings executed by order of the king of Spain. (In Kingsborough’s Mexican antiquities, Vol. IV. [No date.] Part I: 16 plts. Part II: 56 plts. Part III: 45 plts. In the same volume are specimens of Mexican sculpture in possession of M. Latour Allard, in Paris. 11 plts. containing 20 illus., and specimens of Mexican sculpture preserved in the British museum. 5 plts. containing 5 illus., also plates copied from the Giro del Mondo of Gemelli Careri; with an engraving of a Mexican cycle, from a painting formerly in the possession of Boturini. 4 plts. containing 8 illus. Specimens of Peruvian Quipus with plates representing a carved Peruvian box containing a collection of supposed Peruvian Quipus. 7 plts. containing 7 illus.)

A remarkable collection of drawings of ancient Mexican monuments and figures, some of which no longer exist; of rare interest to the student of archæology.

Dupierry ... el doctor dn.: Opúsculo. Cuba y Puerto Rico. Medios de conservar estas dos Antillas en su estado de esplendor. Por un negrófilo concienzudo. (El doctor dn. ... Dupierry.) Madrid, José Cruzado, 1866. 157 pp. 16mo.

An impassioned statement of the old and now abandoned arguments in favor of human slavery as applied to Cuba and Puerto Rico; it is interesting for the light it sheds upon local conditions.

Ecuador: General descriptive data prepared in June, 1909. By the International bureau of American republics. Washington, D.C., Government printing office, 1909. 15 pp. 8ᵒ. pamph. 3 illus.

See comment on the similar pamphlet: “Argentine republic, the: General descriptive data,” etc.

Ecuador, Guía comercial, agrícola e industrial de la república del. Editada per la compañía “Guía del Ecuador.” Guayaquil, talleres de artes Gráficas de E. Rodenas, 1909. 1328 pp. 4ᵒ. [22 maps. 1407 illus.]

Valuable for a study of present conditions, the following being an outline of the contents: political constitution, physical geography, public administration, list of financial institutions, mercantile societies, commerce and exchequer.

Eder, Phanor James: Colombia. By Phanor James Eder. With 40 illustrations and 2 maps. London and Leipsic, T. Fisher Unwin, [1913]. xxiv, 312 pp. 8ᵒ. 2 maps. 40 illus.

An excellent work, carefully and judiciously written; although intended to set forth present conditions from the standpoint of the business man, sufficient, well chosen, and documented historical material is introduced to furnish a proper background; the illustrations really bear on the text.

Edginton, T[homas] B[enton]: The Monroe doctrine. By T[homas] B[enton] Edginton, A.M., of the bar of Memphis, Tennessee. Boston, Little, Brown & co., 1904. vi, 344 pp. 8ᵒ.

A well documented but not uniformly satisfactory presentation of the history of this policy in all its bearings; some of the generalizations are vague and not sustained by what is called “international law.”

Edwards, Albert: Panama, the canal, the country and the people. (See Bullard, Arthur.)

Edwards, William Seymour: On the Mexican highlands. With a passing glimpse of Cuba. By William Seymour Edwards, author of “Into the Yukon,” “Through Scandinavia to Moscow,” etc. Cincinnati, press of Jennings & Graham, [1906]. 283 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 98 illus.

A frank, unpretentious and sprightly narrative of travel in out-of-the-way regions, that pleases because of its modest honesty of statement.

Elliot, G. F. Scott: Chile, its history and development, natural features, products, commerce and present conditions. By G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A., F.R.G.S., author of “A naturalist in mid-Africa.” With an introduction by Martin Hume. Illustrated. London, T. Fisher Unwin, MCMVII. xxviii, 363 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 2 maps. 37 illus.

A standard work, well written, reliable, documented, of exceptional value; after a chapter on geology and a portion of another on prehistoric times, it traces with proper emphasis the course of events from the settlement to the present day; an extensive bibliography at the back.

Enock, C. Reginald: Mexico: its ancient and modern civilization, history and political conditions, topography and natural resources, industries and general development. By C. Reginald Enock, F.R.G.S., civil and mining engineer, author of “Peru” and “The Andes and the Amazon.” With an introduction by Martin Hume, M.A. With a map and seventy-five illustrations. New York, Charles Scribner’s sons; London, T. Fisher Unwin, MCMIX. xxxvi, 362 pp. 8ᵒ. front. 1 map. 63 illus.

Dealing with archæology, ethnology, history, politics, natural resources, industries and commerce, the author gives each of these a fairly just emphasis, and although his generalizations and opinions are not always well founded, he has avoided the folly of unmeasured abuse that has characterized several recent writers upon México, and produced a book that will interest and serve the average reader.

Enock, C. Reginald: Perú. Its former and present civilization, history and existing conditions, topography and natural resources, commerce and general development. By C. Reginald Enock, F.R.G.S., civil and mining engineer, author of “The Andes and the Amazon.” London and Leipsic, T. Fisher Unwin, MCMXII. xxxii, 320 pp. 8ᵒ. 1 map. 1 chart. 72 illus.

When one considers the extent, both in time and space, this author has attempted to cover, the marvel is that any of his books should be as good as they are; this one, like the rest, is not without value, although superficial, prosaic and inaccurate in matter and form.

Enock, C. Reginald: Ecuador, its ancient and modern history, topography and natural resources, industries and social development. By C. Reginald Enock, F.R.G.S., author of “The Andes and the Amazon,” “Peru,” “Mexico,” “The secret of the Pacific,” etc. With fifty-seven illustrations and two maps. New York, Charles Scribner’s sons, 1914. 375 pp. 8ᵒ. 2 maps, one of which is in text. 37 illus.

While this book has the weaknesses that characterize the works of this author, to which attention is called in the other comments, it is somewhat more fully documented than the others, and being one of the very few extensive English publications regarding Ecuador, it supplies an urgent need.

Enock, C. Reginald: The Andes and the Amazon. Life and travel in Perú. By C. Reginald Enock, F.R.G.S. With a map, four colored plates, and fifty-eight other illustrations. London, T. Fisher Unwin, MCMVII. xvi, 379 pp. 8ᵒ. front, 1 map. 4 plts. 58 illus.

In the main, a description of what the author, an insatiable gatherer of easily obtainable information and a prolific writer of books, saw, heard, felt and thought during his perigrination.

Enock, C. Reginald: The republics of South and Central America: their resources, industries, sociology and future. By C. Reginald Enock, F.R.G.S., author of “The Andes and the Amazon,” “Mexico,” “An imperial commonwealth,” etc. London, J. M. Dent & sons, ltd.; New York, Charles Scribner’s sons, 1913. 544 pp. 8ᵒ. 9 maps. 16 illus.

In his preface, the author says: “The purpose of this book is to provide, within the compass of a single volume, a succinct study of the Latin-American republics, and their social and physical condition.” His effort was only slightly successful. See comment on his “Perú,” to which should be added the statement, that, for some unaccountable reason, he introduces a discussion of the Aztecs, and a number of pictures that have nothing whatever to do with South America.

Fitch, A. H.: Junípero Serra. The man and his work. By A. H. Fitch. With fifteen illustrations from photographs and a map. Chicago, A. C. McClurg & co., 1914. xiii, 364 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 15 illus.

An effort to rescue from oblivion the life of an important religious pioneer to whom historians are deeply indebted for facts regarding Spanish California during the years 1769-1785; interesting and valuable.

Flandrau, Charles Macomb: Viva Mexico. By Charles Macomb Flandrau, author of “Harvard episodes,” “The diary of a freshman,” etc. New York, D. Appleton & co., 1908. 293 [1] pp. 16ᵒ.

Pardoning the inexcusable butchering of the Spanish introduced, it is a characteristically vivacious story of what the author saw and felt and thought in México; entertaining and valuable as a true picture of what an appreciative observer might behold in certain localities.

Fonseca, J. J. da: Estudo analytico. Descobrimento do Brazil. Por J. J. da Fonseca (almirante graduado). Rio de Janeiro, typ. Leuzinger, 1895. 35 pp. pamph. 3 maps. 2 illus.

A scholarly presentation of the details, with references to several documents.

Fomaro, Carlo de: Carranza and Mexico. By Carlo de Fornaro. With chapters by Colonel I. C. Enriquez, Charles Ferguson and M[odesto] C. Rollandi. New York, Mitchell Kennerley, 1915. 242 pp. 12mo. front. 1 map. 6 illus.

The dedication of this work to “President Woodrow Wilson, who discovered real México to the Americans,” in a sense indicates what is to follow; it is an approval of the present administration’s policy in México and a plea for General Carranza, with a highly laudatory sketch of his life, characterized by sweeping but unsupported statements; in general superficial and not illuminating.

Fraser, John Foster: The amazing Argentine. A new land of enterprise. By John Foster Fraser. New York and London, Funk & Wagnalls co., 1914. viii, 291 pp. 12mo. front. 54 illus.

The title indicates the style of superficial chatter which composes this book; the illustrations, however, are both interesting and instructive.