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A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 2 of 3

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By George Elliott Howard
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The work surveys competing theories of primitive matrimonial origin—patriarchal, horde and mother-right, and original pairing—and critiques them with reference to anthropological and legal research. It then traces the emergence of marriage contracts, including wife-capture, purchase, and free self-betrothal, and follows the church's adoption and regulation of marriage through canon law, Protestant reform, and the rise of civil marriage. A transatlantic section examines colonial and state practices in England and the United States, detailing the evolution of divorce, solemnization, and statutory regulation, and concludes by discussing legislation, education, and unresolved problems of marriage and the family.

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Title: A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 2 of 3

Author: George Elliott Howard

Release date: June 20, 2015 [eBook #49247]
Most recently updated: October 24, 2024

Language: English

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http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF MATRIMONIAL INSTITUTIONS, VOL. 2 OF 3 ***

Transcriber's note:

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A HISTORY OF
Matrimonial Institutions

CHIEFLY IN ENGLAND AND THE UNITED STATES WITH AN INTRODUCTORY
ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE AND THE
THEORIES OF PRIMITIVE MARRIAGE
AND THE FAMILY

BY
GEORGE ELLIOTT HOWARD Ph.D.
PROFESSORIAL LECTURER IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AUTHOR OF "LOCAL
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES"

VOLUME TWO

CHICAGO
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS
CALLAGHAN & COMPANY
—————
LONDON
T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE
1904

Copyright 1904
The University of Chicago

Entered at Stationers' Hall

May, 1904

TO

Alice Frost Howard

HER HUSBAND DEDICATES THIS BOOK IN
GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF HER
AID IN MAKING IT

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME ONE

PART I

ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE AND THE THEORIES OF PRIMITIVE MATRIMONIAL INSTITUTIONS

  PAGES
Chapter I.The Patriarchal Theory3-32
I.Statement of the Theory9-13
II.Criticism of the Theory by Spencer and McLennan14-17
III.The Theory in the Light of Recent Research18-32
Chapter II.Theory of the Horde and Mother-Right33-89
I.Bachofen and His Disciples39-65
II.Morgan's Constructive Theory65-76
III.McLennan's Constructive Theory77-89
Chapter III.Theory of the Original Pairing or Monogamous Family89-151
I.The Problem of Promiscuity90-110
II.The Problem of Mother-Right110-117
III.The Problem of Exogamy117-132
IV.The Problem of the Successive Forms of the Family132-151
Chapter IV.Rise of the Marriage Contract152-223
I.Wife-Capture and the Symbol of Rape156-179
II.Wife-Purchase and Its Survival in the Marriage Ceremony179-201
III.The Antiquity of Self-Betrothal or Free Marriage201-210
IV.Primitive Free Marriage Surviving with Purchase, and the Decay of the Purchase-Contract210-223
Chapter V.Early History of Divorce224-250
I.The Right of Divorce224-240
II.The Form of Divorce240-241
III.The Legal Effects of Divorce241-247
IV.Frequency of Divorce247-250

PART II

MATRIMONIAL INSTITUTIONS IN ENGLAND

Chapter VI.Old English Wife-Purchase Yields to Free Marriage253-286
I.The Primitive Real Contract of Sale and Its Modifications258-276
II.Rise of Free Marriage: Self-Beweddung and Self-Gifta276-286
Chapter VII.Rise of Ecclesiastical Marriage: The Church Accepts the Lay Contract and Ceremonial287-320
I.The Primitive Christian Benediction, the Bride-Mass, and the Celebration ad Ostium Ecclesiae291-308
II.The Priest Supersedes the Chosen Guardian, and Sponsalia per Verba de Praesenti Are Valid308-320
Chapter VIII.Rise of Ecclesiastical Marriage: The Church Develops and Administers Matrimonial Law321-363
I.The Early Christian Doctrine and the Rise of the Canonical Theory324-340
II.Clandestine Marriages the Fruit of the Canonical Theory340-349
III.The Evils of the Spiritual Jurisdiction351-359
IV.Publicity Sought through Banns and Registration359-363
Chapter IX.The Protestant Conception of Marriage364-403
I.As to the Form of Marriage370-386
II.As to the Nature of Marriage386-399
III.Child-Marriages in the Age of Elizabeth399-403
Chapter X.Rise of Civil Marriage404-473
I.Cromwell's Civil Marriage Act, 1653408-435
II.Fleet Marriages and the Hardwicke Act, 1753435-460
III.The Present English Law460-473

VOLUME TWO

PART II—Continued

Chapter XI. History of Separation and Divorce under English and Ecclesiastical Law3-117
      I. The Early Christian Doctrine and the Theory of the Canon Law11-60
            a) Historical Elements of the Christian Teaching11-23
            b) Views of the Early Fathers23-28
            c) The Legislation of the Christian Emperors28-33
            d) The Compromise with German Custom33-46
            e) Final Settlement of the Christian Doctrine in the Canon Law47-60
      II. The Protestant Doctrine of Divorce60-85
            a) Opinions of Luther and the Continental Reformers60-71
            b) Opinions of the English Reformers71-85
      III. Law and Theory during Three Centuries85-117
            a) The Views of Milton85-92
            b) Void and Voidable Contracts92-102
            c) Parliamentary Divorce102-109
            d) The Present English Law109-117

PART III

MATRIMONIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Chapter XII. Obligatory Civil Marriage in the New England Colonies121-226
      I. The Magistrate Supersedes the Priest at the Nuptials125-143
      II. Banns, Consent, and Registration143-151
      III. Courtship, Proposals, and Government of Single Persons152-169
      IV. Pre-contracts, Bundling, and Sexual Immorality169-200
      V. Breach of Promise and Marriage Portions200-209
      VI. Self-Gifta, Clandestine Contracts, and Forbidden Degrees209-215
      VII. Slave-Marriages215-226
Chapter XIII. Ecclesiastical Rites and the Rise of Civil Marriage in the Southern Colonies227-263
      I. The Religious Ceremony and Lay Administration in Virginia228-239
      II. Optional Civil Marriage and the Rise of Obligatory Religious Celebration in Maryland239-247
      III. The Struggle for Civil Marriage and Free Religious Celebration in North Carolina247-259
      IV. Episcopal Rites by Law and Free Civil or Religious Celebration by Custom in South Carolina and Georgia260-263
Chapter XIV. Optional Civil or Ecclesiastical Marriage in the Middle Colonies264-327
      I. New York266-308
            a) Law and Custom in New Netherland267-284
            b) Law and Custom under the Duke of York284-296
            c) Law and Custom in the Royal Province296-308
      II. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware308-327
            a) Law and Custom in New Jersey308-315
            b) Law and Custom in Pennsylvania and Delaware315-327
Chapter XV. Divorce in the American Colonies328-387
      I. In New England330-366
            a) Massachusetts330-348
            b) New Hampshire, Plymouth, and New Haven348-353
            c) Connecticut353-360
            d) Rhode Island360-366
      II. English Divorce Laws in Abeyance in the Southern Colonies366-376
Arbitration and Divorce in the Middle Colonies376-387
Chapter XVI. A Century and a Quarter of Marriage Legislation in the United States, 1776-1903388-497
      I. The New England States388-408
            a) Solemnization389-395
            b) Forbidden Degrees: Void and Voidable Marriages395-401
            c) Certificate and Record401-408
      II. The Southern and Southwestern States408-452
            a) Solemnization409-427
            b) Forbidden Degrees: Void and Voidable Marriages427-441
            c) Certificate and Record441-452
      III. The Middle and the Western States452-497
            a) Solemnization452-470
            b) Forbidden Degrees: Void and Voidable Marriages470-481
            c) Certificate and Record481-497

VOLUME THREE

PART III—Continued

Chapter XVII. A Century and a Quarter of Divorce Legislation in the United States3-160
      I. The New England States3-30
            a) Jurisdiction: Causes and Kinds of Divorce4-18
            b) Remarriage, Residence, Notice, and Miscellaneous Provisions18-28
            c) Alimony, Property, and Custody of Children28-30
      II. The Southern and Southwestern States31-95
            a) Legislative Divorce31-50
            b) Judicial Divorce: Jurisdiction, Kinds, and Causes50-79
            c) Remarriage, Residence, Notice, and Miscellaneous Provisions79-90
            d) Alimony, Property, and Custody of Children90-95
      III. The Middle and the Western States96-160
            a) Legislative Divorce96-101
            b) Judicial Divorce: Jurisdiction, Kinds, and Causes101-144
            c) Remarriage, Residence, Notice, and Miscellaneous Provisions145-160
Chapter XVIII. Problems of Marriage and the Family161-259
      I. The Function of Legislation167-223
            a) The Statutes and the Common-Law Marriage170-185
            b) Resulting Character of Matrimonial Legislation185-203
            c) Resulting Character of Divorce Legislation203-223
      II. The Function of Education223-259
Bibliographical Index263-402
      I. Early History of Matrimonial Institutions264-291
      II. Matrimonial Institutions in England and under Germanic and Canon Law291-339
      III. Matrimonial Institutions in the United States339-355
            a) Manuscripts339-340
            b) Books and Articles340-355
      IV. Problems of Marriage and the Family355-396
      V. Session Laws and Collected Statutes Used in Chapters XVI-XVIII396-402
Case Index405-411
Subject Index413-449