An Outline of the Phonology and Morphology of Old Provençal

INDEX

• a: 23-24.
• —ạ: 24.
• —Unaccented a: 40, (1); 45; 48, 1; 51, (1).
• -a -anem: 95, 2.
• ab: 65, P, 2.
• abans: 65, β, 2.
• Abbreviations: p. VI.
• abet: 65, β, 2.
• Ablative: 91, (5).
• abora: 65, β, 2.
• aβea: 87, β.
• ac (Lat.): 43, 2.
• Accent:
• —Primary: 16-17.
• —Secondary: 18; 45, 1.
• Accented Vowels: see Vowels.
• Accusative: 91, (5).
• ad: see az.
• ad-: 66, 1.
• ades: 25, 1, (e).
• Adjectives, 102-109.
• —Comparison: 106-109.
• —Declension: 102-104; 107.
• —Neuter: 104; 108; 128, 1.
• —Numeral: 110-113.
• —Pronominal: see Pronouns.
• adoutz: 33, 4.
• Adverbial -s: 82, S, 3.
• Adverbs: 82, S, 3; 105; 108.
• æ: 22.
• —Unaccented æ: 41.
• -age: see -aticum.
• ai ＜ habeo: 73, βy.
• aigla: 72, Kw, 1.
• aiglentina: 72, Kw, 1.
• aigua: 72, Kw, 1.
• aire: 51, 4.
• -aire -ador: 91, (6); 101, (3); 101, (3), 1.
• aital: 74, 2; 136, (6).
• aitan: 74, 2; 136, (7).
• albire: 87, 1.
• alcun: 136, (1).
• Alphabet:
• —Phonetic: p. VII.
• —Provençal: 7; 9.
• alquant: 136, (2).
• alques: 136, (3).
• als: 136, (4).
• altre: 136, (5).
• altretal: 136, (6).
• altretan: 136, (7).
• aluc: 65, C, 2.
• Alvernhe: 87, 1.
• amdui: 111, 2.
• amiu: 51, 3; 65, G, 1.
• ams: 111, 2.
• Analogy:
• —Initial Syllable: 42.
• —Intertonic Syllable: 46.
• anar: 137, (1); 150; 162, (1).
• anedier: 45, 3.
• anet: 48, 1.
• anta: 39, 2.
• apud: see ab.
• aquestos: 51, 2.
• ar, ara: 33, 3.
• -arius: 23, 1; 73, Ry, 1.
• arma: 87, n + m.
• arnei: 25, 3.
• Articles: 116-119.
• —Definite: 116; 118-119.
• —Indefinite: 117.
• asabentar: 73, Py.
• -aticum: 49, (4); 52, (3); 65, G, 3; 73, Tg.
• atressi: 74, 2.
• atretal: 74, 2; 136, (6).
• atretan: 74, 2; 136, (7).
• au:
• —Accented: 39.
• —Unaccented: 41.
• auca: 65, C, 1; 80, βc.
• aucel: 65, C´, 1; 80, βc´.
• aucire: 43; 162, (2).
• aurir: 65, D, footnote; 65, R, 2.
• auvent: 65, S, 2.
• auvir: 65, D, footnote; 65, S, 2.
• Auxiliary Verbs: 140-141.
• auzil: 28.
• auzir: 160; 162, (3); 164, (1); 168; 169; 186; 191.
• aver: 73, βy; 87, β; 137, (1); 148, (1), (2), 1; 150; 152; 162, (4); 167; 168; 170; 173, (1); 177, (1), (2), (3); 181, (1); 184, (1); 187; 192.
• avia: 87, β.
• avinen: 46, 1.
• az: 82, D.
• azaut: 52, (2), 1.
• b ＞ β: 55, B.
• bat: 72, Tw, 1.
• berbitz: 25, 2, (a).
• Bernat: 87, r.
• bisbes: 41, 1.
• borgues: 73, Rg´.
• brey: 65, β, 3.
• briu: 28, 3.
• broc: 37, 1.
• c palatalized: 55; 61; 62, (3); 65, G; 67, (1); 70, C´r; 73, C´y, Dg, Lc´y, Nc´y, Ndg, Ng, Rc´y, Rg, Rrg, Rtg, Tg; 74; 76; 77; 78; 80, Ksc, Ppc; 92, (2).
• cabil: 27, 1.
• cabirol: 86.
• cada: 136, (8).
• caire: see cazer.
• caitiu: 80, Pt.
• calacom: 136, (9).
• calmelh: 45, 3.
• cal que: 136, (10).
• camisa: 25, 2, (a).
• can: 136, (11).
• canorgue: 65, N, 1; 87, n + n.
• cap: 100.
• caramel: 87, 1.
• caresma: 45, 3.
• cascun: 136, (12).
• Case: 91.
• cazer: 137, (1); 148, (2); 150; 162, (5); 176; 178, (1).
• ch (Greek): 57, θ.
• chastiu: 51, 3; 65, G, 1.
• cibdat: 80, βd.
• cieutat: 44, 2.
• cilh: 25, 2, (b).
• cinc: 72, Nw; 87, kw.
• ciptat: 80, βt.
• ciri: 25, 2, (c).
• ciutat: 80, βt.
• clerc: 47, (3).
• clerge: 52, (3).
• clergue: 47, (3); 52, (3).
• cobra: 33, 1.
• cointe: 47, 1, 80, Gnt.
• colbe: 48, 1.
• colp: 22, 48, 1.
• coma: 51, 5.
• comensar: 45, 1.
• comergar: 87, m + n.
• Comparative: 106-108.
• Comparison: 106-109.
• comprar: 45, 3.
• Conditional:
• —New: 142, (2); 149-151.
• Endings: 153.
• —Old: 141, (2); 185-189.
• Strong: 187-188.
• Weak: 186.
• conge: 47, 1; 80, Gnd.
• Conjugation: 137-193.
• —Auxiliary Verbs: 140-141.
• —Change of Conj.: 137.
• —Compound Tenses: 141.
• —Conditional: see Conditional.
• —Deponent Verbs: 140.
• —Future: 142, (1), 149-152.
• Endings: 152.
• —Gerund: 143; 145.
• —Imperative: 156.
• —Imperfect Indicative: 170.
• —Imperfect Subjunctive: 141, (2); 190-193.
• Strong: 192.
• Weak: 191.
• —Inchoative: 138, 145.
• —Infinitive: 144.
• Used as noun: 94; 144, 4.
• —New verbs: 139.
• —Passive: 140.
• —Participle: see Participle.
• —Perfect Tenses: 141.
• —Pluperfect: 141.
• —Present: see Present.
• —Preterit: see Preterit.
• conois = conosc: 78, 3.
• conoisser: 78, 3; 80, Gn; 148, (2); 162, (6); 175, (3); 177, (1); 178, (4).
• consi: 85.
• Consonants:
• —Dissimilation: 87.
• —Final: 81-83.
• Groups: 83.
• Single: 82.
• —Germanic: 56.
• —Greek: 57.
• —Initial: 59-62.
• Groups: 62.
• Single: 60-61.
• —Insertion: 85.
• —Latin: 54-55.
• —Medial: 63-80.
• Contiguous to -s in Pr.: 63-64; 65, L, R; 78, 2.
• Final in Pr.: 63-64; 65, L; 65, M, 1; 65, R, 1; 76, (2).
• Groups: 66-80:
• Cons. + l, 68-69;
• Cons. + r, 70-71;
• Cons. + w, 72;
• Cons. + y, 73;
• Ct, gd, gn, ks, 79-80;
• Double Cons., 67;
• L + cons., 74;
• M + cons., 75;
• Miscellaneous, 79-80;
• N + cons., 76;
• Ps, pt, 79-80;
• R + cons., 77;
• S + cons., 78.
• Single: 65.
• —Metathesis: 86.
• —Sporadic Change: 84-87.
• contranher: 25, 4.
• cor: 100.
• cors: 100.
• cossint: 28, 2.
• costa: 33, 1.
• costum: 72, Sw; 80, Dn.
• covinen: 46, 1.
• coyre: 73, Pry.
• cozer ＜ consuere: 72, Sw; 137, (2).
• cozer ＜ coquere: 49, (1); 72, Kw, 2.
• creire: 145; 148, (2); 160; 162, (7); 167; 168.
• creisser: 49, (1); 162, (8).
• cremedar: 60, 1.
• criar: 44, 4.
• cridar: 41, 2.
• crollar: 41, 2; 68, Tl.
• cruzel: 25, 1, (b).
• cuende: 47, 1; 80, Gnd.
• cug: 80, Yd.
• cuit: 80, Yd.
• -culus: 47, (2); 68, Cl.
• dalgat: 44, 6.
• dar: 137, (1); 162, (9); 175, (4).
• Dative: 91, (4); 116; 120; 133.
• daus: 44, 6.
• dec: 27, 2.
• dech ＜ debeo: 162, (11).
• Declension: 89-136.
• —Adjectives: 102-104; 107.
• —Articles: 116-119.
• —Change of Decl.: Nouns, 90; Adj., 103, 1.
• —Disappearance of Decl.: 91, (6).
• —Fifth Decl.: 90; 97.
• —Final -ci, -gi: 92, (2).
• —Final -i: 92, (1).
• —First Decl.: 95.
• —Fourth Decl.: 90; 96.
• —Infinitives: 94.
• —Inflection -o -onem: 101, (3); 101, (3), 1.
• —Invariable Nouns and Adj.: 93.
• —New Inflections: -a -anem, 95, 2; -us -onem, 96, 2.
• —New nom. sg.: 98.
• —New plural: 93; 99; 102, 2.
• —Numerals: 111; 112.
• —Pronouns: 116; 120-136.
• —Second Decl.: 96.
• —Third Decl.: 97-101.
• Definite Article: 116; 118-119.
• degun: 87, n + n.
• dei ＜ debeo: 73, βy
• -dei: 174, (3).
• deime: 80, C´m.
• dementre: 43.
• Demonstratives: 130-132.
• demora: 35, 1.
• Deponent Verbs: 140.
• depte: 47, (3); 80, βt.
• derrier: 30, footnote.
• desme: 80, C´m.
• destruire: 162, (10).
• deude: 47, (3); 80, βd.
• deute: 47, (3); 80, βt
• dever: 27, 2; 73, βy; 144, 4; 148, (2); 150; 160; 162, (11); 167, (2); 171; 173, (2), (5); 179; 187, (3); 192, 1.
• dia: 90; 95; 95, 1.
• Dialects: 3-8, 10-13.
• -didi: 174, (3).
• diious: 91, (3).
• diman: 43.
• dimecres: 87, r.
• dimenge: 43.
• dimercres: 17, 2.
• dimergue: 65, N, 1.
• dins: 25, 2, (d).
• dintre: 25, 2, (d).
• Diphthongs: see æ, au, œ.
• —Final Diphthongs: 51, (3).
• dire: 49, (1); 137, (2); 144, (1); 148, (3); 162, (12); 172; 177, (1), (3); 183; 183, 1; 188; 192.
• disnar: 49, 3; 87, y.
• Dissimilation: 87.
• dit = det: 25, 2, (a); 65, Y, 1.
• dizer: 49, (1); see dire.
• don: 134; 135, (2).
• dos = dous: 74, (2).
• dotze: 40, 1; 80, Dc´.
• Double Consonants: see Consonants.
• dreit: 41, 2.
• duire: 148, (3); 162, (13); 177, (3); 183.
• Duration of Pr. Language: 1; 14.
• Duration of Pr. Literature: 1.
• ẹ: 25-27; 29; 41.
• —Before Nasal: 29.
• —Unaccented: 41; see Vowels.
• ę: 28-30; 41.
• —Breaking: 30.
• —Unaccented: 41; see Vowels.
• e̯: 40, (2); 55, Y; 61, Y; 65, Y; 73.
• e- before initial s + cons.: 62, (3).
• -e in 1st. pers. sg. of present: 52, (6); 164, (1).
• ecce: 131, (1); 132, (3), (4).
• eccu: 43, 2; 131, (1); 132, (3), (4).
• eé ＞ e: 40, 1.
• ei = ai: 23, 2; 152, 1; 162, (4); 175, (4).
• -ei in pret.: 174, (3); 175, (3), (4).
• eigal: 72, Kw, 1.
• -eire -edor: 101, (3), 1.
• eis: 80, Ps; 132, (2).
• eissi ＜ ecce hīc: 80, Cc´; 82, C.
• eissi ＜ et sīc: 80, Ts.
• eissir: 30, 2; 44, 3; 159, (2); 162, (14).
• elig: 28, 3.
• emblar: 69, 1.
• empastre: 69, 1.
• en ＜ domine: 41, 3.
• en ＜ in: 82, N.
• en ＜ inde: 123.
• Enclitics: 19; 118, (1), (2), 2; 122; 123; 123, 2.
• enclutge: 52, (4); 80, Dn; 85.
• Endings: see Personal Endings.
• engal: 72, Kw; 85.
• engoissa: 33, 1; 43.
• enteir: 70, Gr, footnote.
• envanezir: 43.
• er, era: 33, 3.
• er ＜ ero: 149, 1.
• es ＜ est: 28, 5; 83, St.
• escoisson: 73, Ty, 3.
• escremir: 86.
• escrich: 148, (3).
• escrire: 144, (3).
• escrit: 52, (2), 1.
• escrius: 183, (3).
• escriut: 148, (3).
• escur: 43.
• espaza: 65, T, 3.
• espelh: 28, 5.
• esper: 25, 1, (d).
• esprit: 17, 1.
• essem: 82, L.
• esser: 49, (2); 148, (3); 148, 1; 149, 1; 150; 162, (15); 167; 170, 4; 173, (1); 179; 182, (2); 182, (2), 1; 187; 192; 193.
• estanc: 80, Gn; 86.
• estar: 137, (1); 162, (16); 175, (4).
• estela: 28, 5.
• Esteve: 48, 1.
• estraniar: 73, Ny.
• estre: see esser.
• esturmen: 86.
• -ētis ＞ etz: 25, 1, (a).
• Euphonic Vowel: 52; 164, (1); 165; 166.
• Extent of Pr. Territory: 2; p. VIII.
• ez: 65, T, 3; 82, T.
• faim: 52, (4), 1; 80, C´m.
• faire: 137, (1); 150; 148, (3); 156, 1; 160; 162, (17); 168, 1; 170; 173, (2); 179; 181, 1; 182, (1); 182, (1), 2; 187; 187, 1; 192; 192, 3.
• faitz: 80, C´t.
• far: 137, (1); 144, 2; see faire.
• fau ＜ fagum: 65, G, 1.
• feble: 47, (3); 87, l; 103, 1.
• fei = fe: 25, 3.
• ferre = fer: 52, (1), 2.
• fetge: 52, (3), 2.
• fier: 30, 1.
• Final Consonants: see Consonants.
• fizel: 25, 1, (b).
• Folco: 101, (3), 1.
• fontaina: 23, 4.
• fores: 51, 4.
• formir: 86.
• fouzer: 74, (4); 100.
• fragel: 47, (3).
• frair: 52, (1), 1.
• freble: 47, (3); 87, l; 103, 1.
• freg: 31, 1; 80, Gd.
• freit: 31, 1; 80, Gd.
• frevol: 47, (3).
• Future: 142, (1); 149-152.
• —Endings: 152.
• g palatalized: 55; 61; 65, G, Y; 73, Lg´, Llg´, Ng´, Ng´y, Rg´; 77; 92, (2).
• ganre: 87, r.
• garensa: 44, 5.
• Gascon: 3; 10; 23, 2; 38; 62, (2); 152, 1.
• Gasconha: 61, 1.
• gazardo: 42, 1.
• gen = genh: 73, Ny.
• Gender: 89.
• Genitive: 91, (3); 116.
• Germanic Consonants: 56.
• Germanic Verbs: 139.
• Gerund: 143; 145.
• ges: 100, 1.
• ginh: 28, 3.
• ginhol: 86, 1.
• gisar: 65, R, 2.
• gitar: 44, 3; 80, Ct.
• glai = glatz: 73, C´y, footnote.
• glavi: 65, Y, 2.
• glieza: 30; 41, 1.
• granolha: 60, 1.
• grau: 51, 3; 65, D, 2.
• grazal: 65, T, 3.
• grazir: 65, T, 3.
• Greek Consonants: 57.
• Greek Verbs: 139.
• Greek Vowels: 22.
• greug: 65, β, 3.
• greuga: 28, 8.
• grey: 65, β, 3.
• gua: 61, 1.
• guaina: 61, 1.
• guastar: 61, 1.
• habebam: 87, β.
• hic: 132, (1).
• i: 31-32; 41.
• —Unaccented: 41; see Vowels.
• i̯: 40, (2); 55, Y, 61, Y; 65, Y; 73.
• i ＜ d, t: 65, D; 70, Dr, Tr.
• -ī: 27; 51, (2), (3); 92, (1); 125, (1); 131, (3), (4); 173, (1).
• -i, 1st pers. sg. of present: 52, (6); 164, (1).
• -i ＜ -ium: 53; 96, 1.
• ia ＜ jam: 82, M.
• Iacme: 80, Cm.
• iai: 39, 1.
• iasser: 65, C´, 2; see iazer.
• iassey: 65, N, 2.
• iazer: 65, C´, 2; 160; 162, (18); 192, 1.
• ie ＜ ę: 30.
• ié ＞ e: 40, 1.
• ier: 30, 1.
• -ier: see -arius.
• ieu: 32; 44, 2.
• ilha: 65, S, 1.
• illac: 16, 4.
• ille: 115; 116, 118; 132, (3).
• illic: 16, 4.
• Imperative: 156; 165; 168.
• Imperfect Indicative: 170.
• Imperfect Subjunctive: 141, (2); 190-193.
• —Strong: 192.
• —Weak: 191.
• Impersonal Construction: 104.
• Inchoative: 138; 145.
• Indefinite Article: 117.
• Indefinite Pronouns and Adjectives: 136.
• Indicative: see Conjugation.
• Inflection: see Conjugation and Declension.
• Initial Consonants: see Consonants.
• ins: 25, 2, (d).
• Insertion of Consonant: 85.
• Interrogatives: 133-135.
• Intervocalic Consonants: see Consonants, Medial, Single.
• Invariable Nouns: 93.
• invern: 85.
• ioi: 39, 1.
• ióve: 47, (3); 49, (3).
• iovén: 89, 1.
• ipse: 132, (2).
• -ire -idor: 101, (3), 1.
• -isc-: 138; 145; 155; 156.
• isme: 28, 3.
• isnel: 44, 3.
• issarnit: 46, 1.
• issir: 44, 3; see eissir.
• iste: 132, (4).
• iu: 32.
• iure: 25, 2, (c).
• ius: 33, 2.
• ivern: 44, 3.
• -ίζειν: 57, 2; 139.
• j: see y.
• k: 57, K; 62, (1).
• l ＞ u: 65, L; 67, (2); 73, Lc´y, Lty; 74, (2).
• Latin: 14; see Consonants and Vowels.
• laus: 89, 1; 93, (2); 101, (1), (2).
• lauzeta: 41, 1.
• Learned Words: 15.
• —Cf. also: 17, 1; 25, 1, (c); 25, 2, (b); 45, 4; 50; 65, β, 6; 65, C, 2; 65, C´, 4; 65, D, 4; 65, F, 1; 65, G, 2; 65, G´, 1; 65, P, 4; 65, T, 5; 65, Y, 4; 68, Bl, Pl; 70, Cr, Dr, Gr, Pr, Tr; 72, Nw, 1; 73, βy, Cty, C´y, Ly, Nty, Py, Ry, Ty; 80, Bs; 82, B, L, M; 83, Ks; 84; 91, (3); 109; 113.
• legir: 65, Y, (3), footnote.
• lei: 101, (2), 3.
• leis: 125, (1).
• leo: 101, (3), 1.
• lhun: 86.
• Limousin: 5-6; 13, (1); 24.
• lire: 28, 1; 137, (2); 144, 1.
• ll ＞ lh: 67, (2).
• Locative: 91, (1).
• luenh: 36, 1; 37.
• lunh: 86, 1.
• lur: 33, 2.
• maint: 136, (14).
• mais: 65, Y, (2), footnote; 82, S, 1, 4.
• malapte: 47, (3); 80, βt.
• malaude: 47, (3); 80, βd.
• malaut: 52, (2), 1.
• malaute: 47, (3); 80, βt.
• man: 96; 96, 3.
• maneira: 72, Nw, 1.
• maniar: 73, Ndg.
• mar: 100.
• marbre: 71.
• margue: 52, (3); 87, m + n.
• marme: 87, r; 100.
• marsip: 87, m + n.
• massis: 65, β, 4.
• Medial Consonants: see Consonants.
• meesmes: 65, T, 3.
• mege: 49, (4); 73, Dg.
• melhura: 33, 2.
• -men: 105.
• menhs: 65, N, 2.
• meravilha: 25, 2, (b).
• mercey: 65, D, 1.
• mermar: 87, n + m.
• mes-: 45, 2.
• messer: 65, Y, 3.
• mestier: 91, (3).
• met-: 131, (2).
• Metathesis: 86.
• metre: 148, (3); 181, (1); 183; 192, 2, 4.
• mezeis: 65, T, 3.
• mezesmes: 65, T, 3.
• mica: 65, G, footnote.
• midons: 91, (2); 93, (2).
• mier: 30, 1.
• mint: 28, 2.
• molt: 136, (15); see mon, mot, mul.
• mon = molt: 74, 1.
• monge: 52, (3).
• mongue: 52, (3).
• Mood: see Conjugation.
• morgue: 52, (3); 65, N, 1; 87, m + n.
• morir: 137, (1).
• mostier: 25, 1, (e); 45, 3.
• mot = molt: 74, (2).
• mou: 37, 1.
• moure: see mover.
• mover: 137, (2); 150; 159, (1); 160-162, (19); 178, (4).
• mul = molt: 74, 1.
• mulierem: 16, 1; 40, 1.
• -mus ＞ -mu’: 167.
• natiz: 65, β, 4.
• nebla: 28, 4.
• nede: 47, (1), (3).
• negun: 136, (16); see degun.
• neir: 70, Gr, footnote.
• nembrar: 87, m + m.
• nemes: 51, 4.
• ner: 25, 1, (e).
• net: 47, (1), (3); 80, Td.
• neu: 25, 1, (e)
• Neuter Adjectives: 104; 108; 128, 1.
• Neuter Nouns: 89; 96; 96, 1; 100.
• ney: 65, β, 3.
• nible: 28, 4.
• niu: 51, 3; 65, D, 2.
• niula: 28, 4.
• Nominative: 91, (6).
• non: 82, N.
• nora: 33, 1.
• nossas: 38, 2.
• nou: 37, 1.
• Nouns: 89-101; see Case, Declension, Gender.
• nul: 136, (17); see lhun, lunh.
• Numerals:
• —Cardinal: 110-111.
• —Ordinal: 112-113.
• ọ: 33-34; 36; 41.
• —Before Nasal: 36.
• —Unaccented: 41; see Vowels.
• ǫ: 33, 1; 35-37; 41.
• —Irregular: 33, 1.
• —Unaccented: 41; see Vowels.
• o ＜ hoc: 82, C; 132, (1).
• o ＜ aut: 41, 4.
• -o -onem: 101, (3); 101, (3), 1.
• oc: 82, C.
• œ: 22,41.
• —Unaccented: 41.
• olifan: 42, 1.
• om: 101, (2), 2; 136, (18).
• ome: 47, (3); 49, (3).
• omne: 47, (3); 49, (3).
• onze: 38, 1; 76, (1)
• oó ＞ o: 40, 1.
• orzol: 73, Rc´y.
• ou: 33, 1.
• oz: 82, T.
• p between m and s: 63, (8); 75.
• pair: 52, (1), 1.
• pais: 25, 2, (c).
• palafrei: 25, 3.
• palai: 73, Ty, 1.
• Palatalization: 55, C, G, Y; 67, (2); 73.
• palle: 74, 3.
• Participle:
• —Past (= Perfect): 140; 141, (1); 146-148.
• —Present: 143, (1); 145.
• Particles: 19; see Enclitics, Proclitics.
• partir: 145; 160; 162, (20); 165; 167; 168; 169; 170; 171; 172; 173, (2), (3); 175, (2); 176.
• parven: 85.
• pasmar: 87, s.
• Passive: 140.
• Past Participle: see Participle.
• pauc: 136, (19).
• paziment: 65, β, 5.
• pege: 52, (3), 2.
• Peire: 96, 2.
• peiura: 33, 2.
• peleri: 87, r.
• penchenar: 85.
• penre: 71; 87, r; see prendre.
• perdre: 162, (21); 174, (3).
• perdris: 85.
• Perfect: 141; see Preterit.
• Perfect Participle: see Participle.
• perilh: 25, 2, (b).
• perquei: 25, 3.
• perri: 70, (1).
• Personal Endings:
• —Conditional: New, 153; Old, 186-187.
• —Future: 152.
• —Imperfect: Indicative, 164-169; Subjunctive, 191-193.
• —Present: 164-169.
• —Preterit: 173.
• Personal Pronouns: 116; 120-125.
• ph: 57, φ.
• Phonetic Alphabet: p. VII.
• piion: 73, Py.
• piucela: 42, 1; 44, 2.
• plach: 80, C´t.
• plaire: see plazer.
• plais: 28, 6.
• plait: 80, C´t.
• plazer: 144, 4; 148, (2); 150; 160; 162, (22); 173, (3); 187, (4).
• ploia: 33, 1.
• plou: 37, 1.
• Pluperfect: 141.
• Plural: 93.
• poder: 137, (1); 148, (2); 150; 162, (23); 168; 181, (1); 184, (2); 184, (2), 1; 187; 192, 1.
• polpra: 87, r.
• Popular Words: 15.
• Possessives: 126-129.
• Post-verbal Nouns: 96, 1.
• poutz: 52, (3), 1.
• pouzer: 85.
• Prefix, Change of: 43.
• preire: 78, 1.
• prendre: 71; 87, r; 148, (3); 161; 162, (24); 172; 173, (1); 177, (1), (3); 179; 180; 180, 1; 181, (1); 183; 183, (1); 188; 192.
• preon: 43; 44, 4.
• Preposition + Article; 118, 2.
• Present: 154-169.
• —Double Stems: 155-161; -c, 161;
• Diphthong, 159; -nc -nh, 161;
• Palatal, 160-161; -sc-, 155-156.
• —Peculiar Forms: 162.
• —Personal Endings: 164-169.
• presseguier: 86.
• prestre: 71, 1; 87, r.
• Preterit: 141, (2); 171-184.
• —Personal Endings: 173.
• —Strong: 178-184.
• Accent in 1st pers. pl.: 179.
• Stem vowel change in 1st pers. sg.: 181, (1).
• Third pers. pl. without r: 180.
• Types: -i, 178, (2) and 182; reduplicative, 178, (1); -si, 178, (3) and 183; -ui, 178, (4) and 184.
• —Strong and Weak: 172-177.
• Strong stems with weak endings, 177.
• —Weak: 174-177.
• Conjugations: 1st, 174, (1) and 175, (4); 2d, 174, (2) and 175, (1); 3d, 174, (3) and 175, (3); 4th, 174, (1) and 175, (2).
• Ending -c: 176.
• preu: 65, G, 1.
• preveire: 78, 1.
• prever: 71, 1.
• proa: 35, 1.
• Proclitics: 19; 118, (1); 122; 123.
• profich: 28, 1.
• pron: 63, (5), footnote.
• Pronominal Adjectives: see Pronouns.
• Pronouns: 114-136.
• —Demonstrative: 130-132.
• —Indefinite: 136.
• —Interrogative: 133-135.
• —Personal: 116, 120-125.
• —Conjunctive: 122-123.
• —Disjunctive: 124-125.
• —Possessive: 126-129.
• Plural possessor: 129.
• Singular possessor: 127-128.
• —Relative: 133-135.
• Pronunciation: 8-9.
• propi: 87, r.
• Provençal:
• —Language:
• Dialects, 3-8, 10-13;
• Extent, p. VIII, 2-4;
• Sounds, 8-9;
• Spelling, 7 and 9.
• —Literature: 1.
• puosc: 37, 2.
• pus: 87, 1.
• put: 47, (1); 80, Td.
• putana: 95, 2.
• qu: 55, W; 62, (2); 72, Kw, Nw.
• qual que: 136, (10).
• quan: 136, (10).
• Quantity: 20-21.
• quatre: 72, Tw, 1.
• quec: 136, (21).
• que que: 136, (20).
• quesacom: 136, (22).
• quet: 25, 1, (d); 40, 1.
• qui: 133.
• quier: 30, 1.
• qui que: 136, (23).
• quis (Lat.): 133.
• quis (from querre): 28, 3; 181, (1).
• rancura: 33, 2.
• randola: 46, 1.
• ratge: 52, (5).
• re (ren, res): 82, M; 93, (2); 101, (1), 2.
• rede: 51, 4; 80, Yd.
• redebre: 70, 1.
• redobla: 33, 1.
• redon: 43.
• refreitor: 85.
• rege: 49, (1).
• rei: 101, (2), 3.
• reide: 51, 4; 80, Yd.
• Relative Pronouns: 133-135.
• renc: 80, Gn; 86.
• renha: 80, Tn.
• renlinquir: 85.
• rire: 137, (2); 162, (25).
• Romance Languages: 14.
• rs ＞ s: Latin, 55, R; Provençal, 65, R.
• s + nasal: 65, S, 1.
• -s in adverbs: 82, S, 3.
• saber: 65, P, 3; 137, (1), (2); 145; 148, (2); 150; 160; 162, (26); 165; 172; 177, (1); 184; 184, (4); 187; 192; 192, 1, 2.
• sauma: 80, Gm.
• sautz: 52, (3), 1.
• saver: 65, P, 1; see saber.
• sazo: 87, t.
• seguir: 137, (1), (2); 148, (2); 159, (1); 167, (2).
• selcle: 69, 1.
• sembrar: 68, Ml.
• senes: 51, 4.
• senestre: 25, 1, (e).
• sereisa: 23, 3.
• seror: 43, 1.
• set: 52, (2), 1; 80, Pt.
• seti: 73, Dg, footnote.
• seze: 25, 1, (e); 80, Dc´.
• sierf: 30, 1.
• sint: 28, 2.
• sobra: 33, 1.
• sogre: 70, Cr.
• soi agutz: 141, (1), footnote; 148, 1.
• somni: 73, Mny.
• son ＜ sum: 82, M; 162, (15).
• son ＜ suum: 82, M; 126-127.
• sor = sobre: 70, 1.
• sor = sorre: 52, (1), 1.
• sosrire: 66, 1.
• sosterrar: 66, 1.
• sostraire: 66, 1.
• sotran: 73, Ny.
• sozer: 49, (1).
• Spelling: 7, 9.
• sub: 66, 1.
• Subjunctive: see Conjugation.
• suefre: 33, 1; 37, 2.
• suenh: 36, 1; 37; 73, Mny.
• Superlative: 106; 109.
• Supporting Vowel: 52; 164, (1); 165; 166.
• t between dental or palatal and s: 82, S.
• taire: see tazer.
• tal: 136, (25).
• tamanh: 136, (26).
• tan: 136, (27).
• tapit: 25, 2, (e).
• tazer: 162, (27).
• tems: 63, (8); 100.
• tener: 137, (2); 148, (2); 150; 160; 161; 162, (28); 166; 181, (1); 184.
• tenir: 137, (2); see tener.
• Tense: see Conjugation.
• teula: 68, Gl.
• teun; 72, Nw, 1.
• tey: 65, N, 3.
• th: 57, θ.
• tinc: 28, (3).
• ton ＜ tuum: 82, M; 126-127.
• tonleu: 33, 5.
• torser: 49, (1); 72, Kw, 2.
• tot: 65, T, 2; 136, (28).
• trabalh: 43.
• trachor: 65, D, footnote.
• traire: 148, (3); 162, (29); 172; 177, (1), (3).
• trap: 65, β, 2.
• tres = tras: 23, 4; 43, 3.
• treva: 72, βw.
• troba: 33, 1; 86.
• tronar: 86.
• trop: 37, 1.
• truoill: 86.
• -tulus: 47, (2).
• ü: 34, 38, 41.
• —From ǫ: 34.
• —From ū: 38.
• —Unaccented: 41; see Vowels.
• u ＜ l: see l ＞ u.
• u̯: 40, (2); 55, W; 72.
• ue: 37.
• uebre: 23, 3.
• Ugo: 101, (3), 1.
• uis: 33, 2.
• umplir: 44, 1.
• un: 117; 136, (29).
• Unaccented Vowels: see Vowels.
• uo ＜ ǫ: 37.
• uó ＞ o: 40, 1; 55, W.
• upa: 33, 2.
• -us -onem; 96, 2.
• -ut in Past Participle: 148.
• uu ＞ u: 55, W.
• v ＞ β: 55, V.
• vair: 73, Ry, 1.
• vaire: 51, 4.
• vas: 42, 1.
• vaus: 42, 1.
• vecvos: 156, 2.
• vei: 160.
• vendanha: 25, 2, (e).
• Verbs: see Conjugation.
• verin: 25, 2, (e); 87, n + n.
• veus: 156, 2.
• veuva: 72, Dw, 1.
• vezer: 145; 148, (2), (3); 150; 156, 2; 160; 162, (30); 170; 171; 173, (3), (4); 179; 182, (3); 182, (3), 1; 187; 192; 192, 3.
• vezoa: 72, Dw, 1.
• vianda: 28, 6; 87, β.
• viatz: 87, β; 108.
• vint: 27.
• Vocative: 91, (2).
• voig: 23, 3; 49, (1); 80, C´t.
• volentiers: 46, 1.
• voler: 137, (1); 148, (2); 159, (2); 160; 162, (31); 167, 2; 177, (1); 180; 181, (1); 184, (3); 187; 192.
• volon: 28, 7.
• Vowels:
• —Accented: 23-39;
• see a, ẹ, ę, i, ọ, ǫ, ü.
• —Greek: 22.
• —Latin: 20-22.
• —Prefixed to s + cons.: 62, (3).
• —Provençal: 8-9.
• —Unaccented: 40-53.
• Final Syllable: 51-53;
• learned words, 53;
• supporting vowel, 52.
• Initial Syllable: 41-44;
• analogy, 42;
• dialect, 44;
• false etymology, 43.
• Intertonic Syllable: 45-46;
• analogy, 46.
• Penult: 47-50;
• learned words, 50;
• Provençal, 48;
• vowel kept, 49;
• Vulgar Latin, 47.
• vuech: 23, 3; 49, (1); 80, C´t.
• vuelc: 37, 2; 181, (1).
• Vulgar Latin: 14.
• w: 55, W; 56, W; 62, (2); 72, βw; see u̯.
• x: 55, X.
• y ＜ j: 55; 61, Y; 65, Y; 68, Yl.
• y ＜ e, i: see ḙ, i̭.
• y ＜ c, g: 55; 65, G, Y; 68, C´l; 70, C´r, Gr, Yr.
• z: 57, Z; 61, Y; 65, Y.