Books and their makers during the Middle Ages

INDEX

A
Abbon, Saint, i, 56
Abelard, the philosophy of, i, 198; the lectures of, i, 198; the influence of, upon the theological school of Paris, i, 198; considered as the actual founder of the University of Paris, i, 197, 198
Academies, literary, of Italy, i, 322 ff., 344
Academy, of Venice, the, literary undertakings of, i, 423 ff.
—— of France, founding of the, ii, 458
Adagia, the, of Erasmus, the first edition of, ii, 194; the Aldine edition of, ii, 199
Adamnanus, life of S. Columba, cited, i, 50
Adolph of Nassau, captures Mayence, i, 371
Adrian VI, ii, 29
Aedh, King, presides over the parliament of Drumceitt, i, 49
Aelfric, Homilies of, i, 101; the canons of, i, 101
Agapetus, Pope, i, 22
Agnien, libraire in Paris in the 13th century, i, 271
Agricola, librarian of Heidelberg in 1485, orders books for the library, i, 297
Aimoin of Fleury, i, 56
Albert, Abbot of Gembloux, makes collection of manuscripts, i, 231
—— of Brandenburg, ii, 229
Alcuin, training of, by Egbert, i, 107; the library of, at York, i, 62; correspondence of, with Charlemagne, i, 62, 109; the methods in his scriptorium, i, 66; institutes the imperial schools in Aachen, Tours, and Milan, i, 109; poem of, on the library of York Cathedral, i, 108; his imperial pupils, i, 109; treatise of, on orthography, i, 111; his injunction to pious scribes, i, 113; list of the writings of, i, 114; death of, at Tours, i, 115; describes the journeys of Aelbert, i, 228; the educational work of, ii, 479 ff.
Aldersbach, monastery of, i, 40.
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborn, visits Berthwold in Canterbury, i, 97; imports books from France, i, 97.
Aldi Filii, the name adopted by the son and grandson of the founder of the firm, i, 438
Aldine classics, the, models for the Elzevirs, ii, 301
—— Press, close of the work of, i, 438; operations of the, in Rome, i, 441 ff.
Aldus Manutius, work of, in the printing of Greek texts, i, 243; relations of, to the book trade of Italy and of Europe, i, 415; earlier life of, i, 417 ff.; letter of, stating his aims, i, 418; first publications of, i, 420; literary undertakings of, i, 419; marriage of, i, 420; Greek classics issued by, i, 420; institutes the Academy of Venice, i, 423; correspondence of, with France and with Germany, i, 424 ff.; reputation of, in Germany, i, 430; letter of, to Taberio, i, 430; summary of publications of, i, 432; financial difficulties of, competition of, with piratical reprinters, i, 432; secures papal privileges, i, 432; initiates new forms of type, i, 434; attempts to defend his office against literary loafers, i, 437; death of, i, 438; summary of the career of, i, 439; ii, 12, 22, 23, 102, 151, 194; privilege given to, for Greek text, ii, 346; privilege given to, for italic text, ii, 347; publishes the Letters of Phalaris, ii, 351; ii, 487
Aldus Manutius the second, i, 438; business experience of, i, 441; gives up business as a printer, i, 445
Aleander, Hieronymus, Greek scholar and theologian, i, 422, ii, 12 ff.
Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, the library of, i, 147
Alfano, the poem of, on monastery life, i, 127
Alfonso, King of Aragon and Sicily, offers rewards for literary productions, i, 330
Alfred, King, attends school in Oxford, i, 119; service of, to the literary interests of England, i, 98; makes English version of Gregory’s Pastoral Care, i, 99; complains of the ignorance of Englishmen, i, 99; prepares English translations of certain famous books, orders transcripts of the national chronicles, i, 100
Al-hakem, Kahlif, library of, in Cordova, i, 254; pays large sums for the writing of books, i, 254
Alphonso, King of Naples, the literary circle of, i, 252
Amalasuentha, Queen of the Goths, i, 20
Amandus, Abbot of Salem, i, 85
Ambrose, Saint, Legenda Aurea of, cited, i, 37
Amerbach, Basilius, ii, 238
—— Boniface, ii, 173
—— Johann, editor, printer and publisher of Basel, i, 393, ii, 151; purchases paper stock with an edition of S. Augustine, i, 348; relations of, with Koberger, i, 393; relations of, with Froben, i, 393
Andreä, Hieronymus, ii, 410
Andreas, Abbot of Bergen, i, 86
Andrews, Bishop, ii, 97, 99
Angus the Culdee, the Festilogium of, i, 46
Anjou, the Countess of, pays, in 1460, a great price for a copy of Homilies, i, 299
Anna Gray, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Annales Ecclesiastici, ii, 97
Anne, Queen, the Act of, ii, 472
Anselm, Saint, the Peripatetic, cited, i, 39, 197; recommends to his pupils the study of an expurgated Virgil, i, 62
Anshelm, Thomas, publisher of Tübingen, ii, 165, 172, 231
Antidotarium, the, i, 196
Antwerp as a publishing centre, ii, 255 ff.; losses of, through the revolt of the Netherlands, ii, 274
Apologia pro Herodoto, ii, 72 ff.
Aquinas, Thomas, the de Censuris of, ii, 386
Arabian writers, bring to Europe the literature of Greece, i, 181; medical works of, used as text-books, i, 195
Areopagitica of Milton, the, ii, 474 ff.
Arethas, the scribes of, i, 42
Aretinus, Johannes, librarius, i, 234, 246
Ariosto, the Orlando of, ii, 370
Arminius, the doctrines of, ii, 291
Arnest, Archbishop of Prague, i, 44
Arnold, Abbot of Villers, i, 75
Arts and Industries, bureau of, in Venice, ii, 361
Arundel, Archbishop, ii, 130
—— Earl of, ii, 118, 123
Ascensius, see Badius.
Ascham, Roger, ii, 145
Asser, Bishop, organizes education in the kingdom of Alfred, i, 99
Athalaric, King of the Goths, i, 20
Atkyns, Richard, on the introduction of printing into England, ii, 134
Atticus, relations of, to the book-trade of Italy, i, 416
Auctores Frobeniani, ii, 185
Augsburg, the early printers of, i, 396
Augustine, Saint, writings of, i, 3; literary work of, i, 32, 33; on the value of ignorance, i, 121; the library of, i, 147
Augustinians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Aungerville, Richard (de Bury), i, 308 ff.
Aura, Saint, and scholar, i, 51
Aurelian, Saint, the Rule of, i, 123
Aurispa, Johannes, dealer in manuscripts, i, 242; brings to Florence his collection of manuscripts, i, 251; correspondence of, with Filelfo, i, 251; publishing undertakings of, i, 251; fate of the manuscripts of, i, 253
Austria, censorship in, ii, 249
Author, rights of, in literary production, under the laws of Venice, ii. 399 ff.
Authors, payments to, by Plantin, ii, 276 ff.; acting as their own publishers in Germany, ii, 435; in France, ii, 435
Averrhoes, i, 181; the philosophy of, i, 196
Avicenna, i, 181; the medical treatises of, i, 196
Avitus, the Emperor, i, 8
Azo, i, 183
B
Bacon, Roger, seeks scribes for the manifolding of his treatises, i, 84; makes complaint concerning the ignorance of the scribes of Paris, i, 218
Badius, Jodocus, (Ascensius), ii, 10, 12, 23, 31; commends the work of Koberger, ii, 155

Balzac, Jean L. G., Sieur de, ii, 310, 333 ff.

Barbaro, Daniele, ii, 345

—— Hermolao, ii, 345

Barcelona, early manuscript-dealers in, i, 313
Bards, orders of, i, 48
—— Celtic, arraigned before the Parliament of Drumceitt, i, 48; existence of, preserved by Columba, i, 48,
Barnet, battle of, ii, 128
Baronius, ii, 97
Barrois, ii, 105
Barstch, Im. anz. d. Germ. Mus. cited, i, 40 ff.
Basel, the Council of, i, 85; as a publishing centre, i, 391; ii, 204; the University of, i, 391; ii, 178; the relations of the magistracy of, to the printing business, i, 392; world-wide reputation of the printers of, i, 395; University of, in its relations with the printers, i, 395; regulations of the magistracy of, concerning literary piracies, ii, 412
Bassa, Domenico, secures an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii, 379 ff.
Baudius, ii, 289
Baudoke, Ralph de, Dean of S. Paul’s, i, 105
Bautzen, school regulations of, i, 283
Bayle, the Dictionary of, ii, 444
Beaupré, the manuscripts of, i, 131
Beauvais, Jean de, librarius of Paris in the 14th century, record of his sales, i, 273
Beccadelli, the Hermaphroditus of, i, 331
Beda, Noel, describes the purchase of books in Rome, i, 227; ii, 262, 444 ff.
Bede, the venerable, Chronicles of, i, 56; a pupil of Biscop, writes in Jarrow the Chronicles, i, 95
Bedier, Chancellor, ii, 210
Behem, Franz, printer of Mayence, i, 381
—— Martin, ii, 175
Belisarius, captures Ravenna, i, 20
Benaliis, Bernardino de, ii, 348
Benedict, Saint, i, 9, 10; the Order of, instituted, i, 12; the Rule of, i, 12, 28; the literary interests of, i, 13; his scriptorium, i, 12; relations with Cassiodorus, i, 12; life of, written by Pope Gregory I., i, 28
Benedictine monasteries in their relations to literature, ii, 480 ff.
Benedictines, the records by Mabillon and Ziegelbauer of the literary work of, i, 122
Beowulf, an early text of, i, 92
Berlin, the earlier book-trade of, ii, 424 ff.; the book-dealers of, ii, 425
Bernard, Saint, pious fraud upon, i, 76
Berne, the convention of, ii, 339, 506
Berneggerus, Matthew, ii, 309
Berners, Juliana, ii, 138
Berquin, bookseller of Paris, ii, 443
Berri, Duke of, ii, 116
Berthold, Elector of Mayence, ii, 420
Berthold von Henneberg on the Divine Art of Printing, i, 368
Berthwold, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 96
Bertile, the nun, gives lectures at Chelles, i, 51
Bessarion, Cardinal, literary activities of, i, 330, 365
Beza, ii, 54
Bible, terms used for, in middle ages, i, 44; books of, circulated separately, i, 44; great cost of certain manuscript copies of, in the national library at Paris, i, 299; first work printed by Gutenberg, i, 373; the first edition of, sold in Paris, i, 374; editions of, in various languages, printed in Zurich, i, 396; printing of the first edition in Hebrew, i, 459; version of, by Coverdale, ii, 141; version of, by Hollybush, ii, 142; German versions of, published by Koberger, ii, 158; the Lutheran version of, i, 223 ff.; the version of, known as Matthews’s, ii, 141; Tyndale’s version of, ii, 140; Wyclif’s translation of, ii, 130; first printed in England, ii, 140
Bible Polyglotte, printed by Plantin, ii, 260 ff.
Bibles, the printing of, in England, ii, 128 ff.
Biblia Pauperum, i, 350 ff.
Bibliotheca, used to denote the Scriptures, i, 44
Bidelli or Bedelli, derivation of the term, i, 187; functions of, i, 187
Biot, J. B., characterises the philosophical work of the universities, i, 222
Birckmann, Franz, publisher of Cologne and of London, i, 388; difficulties of, with the censors of Antwerp, i, 390
Biscop, Benedict, founds monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, i, 95; makes journeys to Rome, collects books and pictures, i, 95; far-reaching influence of his educational work, i, 107; purchases books in Rome, i, 227
Blades, William, ii, 102 ff.
Blaubeuern, the monastery of, manuscript work in, i, 86; printing-presses established in, i, 86
Blickling Homilies, the, i, 101
Block-books, i, 350 ff.; block-printing, i, 350
Blois, library of the Château of, ii, 446
Bobbio, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Boccaccio, translates the Iliad and the Odyssey into Latin, i, 323, 324; influence of, upon the study of Greek, i, 325; the Decameron of, i, 325; script of, used as a model for italic type, ii, 347
Bohic, Heinrich, manuscript of, i, 40; the commentary of, i, 230
Boleyn, Anne, ii, 140
Bologna, the academies of, i, 345; the earlier scribes in, i, 245; statutes of the city of, i, 192; University of, i, 181, 183 ff.
Bolomyer, Henry, ii, 119
Bomberg, printer of Venice, ii, 371
Bonaccorsi, paper maker and publisher, i, 238
Bonhomme, Jean, bookseller to the University, 1486-1490, i, 276
Boniface, Saint, i, 53
Bonus, Abbot of St. Michael in Pisa, i, 138
Book of Kells, manuscript, ascribed to Columba, i, 47
Books, the making of, in the monasteries, i, 16 ff.; the making of, in the early universities, i, 178 ff.; the prices of, during the Middle Ages, i, 135, 297 ff.; the rental of, in the Italian Universities, i, 189, 191; secured by chains, i, 141; pledged with the pawnbrokers of Oxford, i, 310; prices of those first printed, i, 375 ff.
Books in manuscript, sold by pedlars, i, 261; sales of, in Paris in the 14th century under formal contracts, i, 272; sold at the English fairs, i, 306; prices of, in Venice, in the 15th century, i, 413-415; importation of, to England, ii, 133; printed in Germany during the Reformation period, ii, 240; prices of, in Antwerp, in 1576, ii, 279; transportation of, between Holland and Italy, ii, 301
Book-dealers of Paris exempted from taxes, i, 203; terms describing the, i, 205; regulations for the examination of, i, 206; classed as members of a profession, i, 213 ff.; locality occupied by, i, 217
Book-manufacturing, cost of, with the earlier Venetian publishers, i, 413
Book-production in Europe, stages in the history of, i, 10, 11, 12
Bookseller of Venice, the daybook of a, i, 414
Booksellers, location in Paris of early, i, 262; in Venice, matriculation requirements for, ii, 309
Bookselling in the monasteries, i, 134
Book-trade, the, in Italy during the manuscript period, i, 225; survival of, after the fall of the Western Empire, i, 225; of Paris, under the control of the University authorities, i, 199 ff.; earlier regulations regarding the, i, 201 ff.; of the University of Paris, regulations of, for the sale of books, i, 208 ff.; membership of the, in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 210 ff.; of Paris in the 13th century, i, 257 ff.; of Germany, relations of, to the Reformation, ii, 218; in the early universities, i, 178 ff.; between Venice and England, i, 242
Bosco, instructor in Paris, i, 221
Bossuet, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 462 ff.
Bosworth Field, the battle of, ii, 123, 129
Bourchier, Thomas, ii, 135
Boville, Charles, ii, 19
Braccio, ii, 351
Bracciolino, Poggio, i, 333 ff.
Bracton, Henry of, i, 308
Brandenburg, censorship in, ii, 244; privileges in, ii, 424
Brandis, publisher of Leipzig, i, 400
Brazizza, orator and author, i, 355
Breda, the peace of, ii, 317
Brehons, an order of Celtic bards, i, 48
Bremen, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246
Brœders van de Penne, i, 89
Brice, Hugh, ii, 116, 123
Brome, Prior of Gorlestone, initiates the making of indexes, i, 141
Brothers of Common Life, the, i, 88 ff.; manuscripts produced by, i, 88, 89; printing-offices established by, i, 90; the work of, in the production and distribution of manuscripts, i, 282; early interest of, in printing, i, 282; the manuscript trade of the, i, 291 ff.; distribute cheap books among the people, i, 368; the first printing done by the, i, 369; the printing and publishing undertakings of the, i, 399, ii, 109
Brown, Horatio F., ii, 344
Bruges, ii, 102 ff.
—— Louis de, i, 105 ff.
Bruin, Leonardo, on the book-trade of Florence, i, 234
Brute, Chronicle of, ii, 116, 139
Buchanan, George, ii, 65 ff.
Budæus, scholar and diplomat, ii, 13 ff.; influence of, with Francis I., ii, 14 ff., 39; work of, printed by Vascosanus, ii, 25
Bulæus, History of the University of Paris, by, i, 256
Bull, of Benedict VIII., 1022, i, 44; of Leo X., 1520, ii, 225; papal, concerning the productions of the printing-press, ii, 359
Burer, Mathias, i, 40
Burgo, Antonio de’, i, 449
Burgundy, the dukes of, patrons of producers of books, i, 268, 294
—— Duke of, ii, 102
Bury, Richard de, i, 44; buys books in Paris, i, 218; buys books in Rome; i, 228; describes his relations with the booksellers of Europe, i, 233; makes reference to the wide extent of the business of the manuscript-dealers, i, 296
Busby, Doctor, ii, 81
Busch, ii, 167
Busleiden, ii, 41
Bussi, Bishop of Aleria, an early patron of printing, i, 405
Bydell, John, ii, 142
C
Cædmon, the songs of, i, 93; paraphrases of the Scriptures, i, 93; composes The Revolt of Satan, i, 93
Caen, printing in, ii, 257
Cæsaris and Stoll, establish the second press in Paris, ii, 7
Cæsarius of Arles, convent of, i, 51; the Chronicles of, i, 225
Calcar, Abbot Heinrich von, i, 85
Calcedonio, ii, 350
Calvin, ii, 51, 52 ff.; the Institutes of, ii, 55
Calvinists, held responsible for the destruction of many monasteries, i, 132
Camaldulensers, of St. Michael, carry on a trade in manuscripts, i, 234
Camaldulensis, Ambrosius, writes to Aretinus, i, 246
Cambrai, the League of, i, 420; ii, 357
Cambridge, the University of, i, 181; ii, 60; first printing in, ii, 138
Campanus, Bishop of Teramo, patron and press-corrector, i, 406
Campeggi, Cardinal, ii, 246
Campensis, (Morrhius), ii, 24
Canonical Law, works in, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160
Canterbury Tales, Caxton’s Text for, ii, 114
Capella, Martianus, The Satyricon, i, 116
Carpi, the Princess of, loans funds to Aldus, i, 419
Carthusians, literary work in the monasteries of, i, 70; the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Cartolajo, Francesco, i, 238
Cartularii or Chartularii, i, 44
Casaubon, Arnold, ii, 88
—— Isaac, ii, 27, 67 ff., 85 ff.; 315; ii,; death of, ii, 100
Cassian, the Institutes of, ii, 167
Cassiodorus, i, 10; birth of, i, 14, 17; summary of career, i, 14; Abbot of Vivaria i, 15; offices held by, i, 17, 18; the Letters of, i, 18; Variæ of, cited, i, 18 ff.; Chronicon of, i, 19; History of the Goths, of, i, 19; secures a policy of toleration for the Gothic Kingdom, i, 18; retires to Bruttii, i, 20; character of, as a minister, i, 20; founds monastery of Mons Castellius, i, 21; writes De Anima, i, 22; plans school of Christian literature, i, 22; describes the work of his scriptorium, i, 26; lamps invented by, i, 26; transcribes Jerome’s version of the Scriptures, i, 26; writings of, i, 26, 27; death of, i, 27; character of, i, 27; work of, compared with that of Alcuin, i, 110-115; 182
Castellazzo, ii, 370
Castiglione, ii, 376
Castro, Leon de, ii, 262
Catalogue of books published in England, 1666-1680, ii, 148
Cathac, or “the Fighter,” name applied to the Psalter of Columba, i, 47
Catharine, Saint, the monastery of, i, 146
Catharine of Medici, ii, 70
Caxton, Maude, ii, 123
—— William, relations of, with Cologne, i, 388; ii, 101 ff., 178, 467
Ceaddæ, Saint, an early manuscript of, i, 231
Cecilia, daughter of William the Conqueror, organises the school in her convent at Kucaen, i, 52
Cell, John de, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103
Celtes, Conrad, secures the earliest German privilege, i, 426; relations of, with Aldus, i, 426, 435; ii, 175, 414, 421
Cennino, goldsmith and printer, i, 457
Censorship, exercised by the theologians of the universities over the book-trade of Paris, i, 214 ff.; ecclesiastical, i, 343; ii, 27; in France, ii, 437 ff.; formal institution of, in France, ii, 441ff.; in Germany, ii, 242 ff.; in Austria, ii, 249; in Holland, ii, 296 ff., 337; literary, establishment of, in Venice, II., 352 ff.; 356, 403; in the Low Countries, ii, 266
Censorship, and privileges in Italy, ii, 343 ff.
Chabanais, of St. Cybar, i, 56
Chantor, the, has charge of the library of the monastery, i, 101
Charlemagne, i, 36; enquires concerning Monastic Orders, i, 31; listens to reading, i, 69; policy of, in regard to education, i, 106; entrusts the imperial schools to Alcuin, i, 107; the capitular of, i, 112; interested in the school of Salerno, i, 182; orders the translation of Greek medical treatises, i, 182; alleged connection of, with the University of Bologna, i, 183; name of, associated with a group of the older schools, i, 197; instructions of, concerning the disposition of his books, i, 230; relations of, to education and literature, ii, 478 ff.
Charles II. and printing in England, ii, 135
—— IV., i, 184
—— of Austria, ii, 201
—— V., Emperor, ii, 39, 140, 242; edict of 1521, ii, 266; edict of, for the regulation of the Press, ii, 442
—— V., of France, letters-patent of, i, 206
—— VI., Emperor, secures the library of S. Giovanni, i, 147; exempts book-dealers from certain war taxes, i, 207
—— VII., plans to introduce printing into France, ii, 2 ff.
—— VIII., ii, 357; funeral procession of, ii, 440
—— IX., ii. 70; issues the ordinance of Moulins, ii, 450
Chartularii, definition of the term, i, 235
Chaucer, the Troilus and Cressida of, i, 302; Canterbury Tales, i, 305; ii, 114, 126; described by Caxton, ii, 132
Chevillier, on the early book-trade of Paris, i, 200; schedule prepared by, of manuscripts of the 13th century, i, 259; ii, 60; on the relations of Francis I. with the reformers, ii, 444
Choir books, produced as manuscripts after the invention of printing, i, 87
Christina, Queen, ii, 305 ff.
Christine (or Cristyne), de Pisa, ii, 115, 120
Chrodegang, Archbishop, initiates a reform of the monasteries, i, 128
Chrysoloras, the first professor of Greek in Florence, i, 325; ii, 23
Church and State in Germany, conflicts of, concerning the control of literature in Germany, ii, 418 ff.
Church of Rome, the, influence of, on education in the universities, i, 178
Churches of North Germany, book-trade carried on in the, i, 283
Cicero, Letters of, for sale by all the earlier dealers in manuscripts, i, 250; early editions of, in Paris, ii, 21 ff.
Cistercians, regulations of the, for the care of books, i, 148
Clarendon Press of Oxford, ii, 297
Clark, J. W., Libraries in the Mediæval Period, cited, i, 29 ff.; on the library methods of the Benedictines, i, 148
Classics, Latin, preserved in the monasteries, i, 61
Clement VII., ii, 29
—— VIII. grants an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii., 379 ff.
Clemente, printer and illuminator of Lucca, i, 455
Clementine Index, the (of Clement VIII.), ii, 377
Clerics, as scribes, i, 36; as officials, i, 36
Clictou, Josse, ii, 19
Clugni, catalogue of the library in the Abbey of, i, 131
Clugni, the Customs of, cited, i, 63, 70
Cluniacs, library regulations of, i, 30, 147
Cochläus, ii, 227
Codeca, Matteo de, ii, 349
Codex Argenteus, the, ii, 306
Coelfried, Abbot of Jarrow, and later of Wearmouth, sells books to King Alfred, i, 96
Colet, John, ii, 194
Colines, Simon de, printer of Paris, ii, 21, 26; marries widow of Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21 ff., 26, 30
Colloquies, the, of Erasmus, ii, 208 ff.
Cologne, theological interests of the University of, i, 280; as a commercial centre, i, 386; the library of, i, 387; the University of, i, 387; the earlier printers of, i, 387; piratical operations of the early printers of, i, 390
Colonto, prints the first Hebrew Bible, i, 459
Columba, Saint, chief events of his life, i, 45-50
Comester, Peter, the Historica Scholastica of, i, 104
Commelin, ii, 90
Common-law copyright in manuscripts, ii, 484
Compayré, opinions of, concerning the Benedictine schools, i, 197
Compensation of authors in Italy, i, 334
Concordat between Rome and Venice in 1597, ii, 380 ff.; between Leo X. and Francis I., ii, 440
Conrad, Abbot, ii, 168
Constantine, a scribe of Erfurt, i, 40
—— the African, comes from Carthage to Monte Cassino, i, 134; develops the school of Salerno, i, 182
Constantinople, Acts of the Council of, i, 226; Greek scholars of, migrate to Italy, i, 255
Contract, dated 1346, for the sale of books in Bruges, i, 290
Convention of 1793 in Paris, ii, 505
Cooper’s Thesaurus Linguæ Romanæ, ii, 63
Copeland, ii, 126
Copenhagen, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 304 ff.
Copyists of Genoa, petition the Senate for the expulsion of the printers, i, 413
Copyright, case of, in 567 A.D., the first in Europe, i, 46
Copyright control of manuscripts, ii, 481 ff.
Copyright, diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 ff.
Copyrights in Venice, ii, 369 ff.
Cordova, described as the Athens of the West, i, 254; literary activity in, i, 254; manuscript-trade of, i, 254; library of, destroyed by the Berbers, i, 255; the Index of, ii., 270
Correctors and Revisers employed by Plantin, ii, 277
Corvinus, Matthias, collects books in Florence, i, 240
Coster, see Koster
Council at Basel, pamphlets concerning the work of, prohibited, i, 296
Council of Ten in Venice, ii, 351; establishes a censorship for the literature of the Humanities, ii, 356
Coverdale Bible, the, ii, 141
Cranach, Lucas, ii, 168, 233; printer, painter, and apothecary, ii, 430
Cranmer, Archbishop, ii, 142
Crasso, Leonardo, ii, 350
Cratander, ii, 173
Crévier, traces the University of Paris to Alcuin, i, 197
Croatian versions of Luther’s writings, ii, 230
Cromwell, Thomas, ii, 142
Cuspinian, ii, 174
Cuthbert, Saint, i, 94
Cyclops, Doctor, ii, 229
Cynewulf, the Northumbrian poet, i, 93
Cynthio, Alvise, ii, 357
D
Damian, S. Peter, recommends to the monks the study of pagan writers, i, 62
Danes and Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132
Danesius, Petrus, ii, 66
Dante, The Divine Comedy of, i, 318
Darmarius, ii, 88
Daubeney, William, ii, 123
D’Aubigné, the history of, ii, 241
Day, John, ii, 143
Decembrio, author of 127 books, i, 335
Decor Puellarum, the first book printed in Venice, i, 407
Decretals, the Isidoric, exposed by the critics of the fourteenth century, i, 83
Decretals, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160
Dedications, the sale of, in Germany, ii, 434
De Honate, Brothers, i, 448
Delalain, on the requirements of a skilled scribe, i, 200
Delisle, reference of, to the lending of books by the monasteries, i, 138
Delprat, history of the Brothers of Common Life, cited, i, 88
Denis, on the Council of Basel, i, 285
Denk, Gesch. des Gallo. Frank. Unterrichts, etc., cited, i, 32 ff.
Denmark, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 305
Denys, Saint, the Chronicles of, i, 57
De Rancé, treatise of, on the monastic life, i, 119
Derry, monastery of, i, 45
Descartes, ii, 316 ff.
Desmarets, the Bible of, ii, 317
Deventer, the Brotherhood House at, a place of book-production, i, 88
De Vic, ii, 94 ff.
De Wailly, monetary tables of, cited, i, 208
De Worde, Wynken, ii, 138
Diarmid, King of Tara, decides a copyright case, i, 46
Dictare, use of term, i, 44
Didier, Abbot of Monte Cassino, i, 62, 134
Didot, Firmin, ii, 329
Diemude, or Diemudis, nun of Wessobrunn, works written by, i, 54; list of works transcribed by, i, 80, 81
Dietrich, Abbot of St. Evroul, his story of the sinful scribe, i, 64
Dietz, Ludwig, publisher for Luther, ii, 231
Dio, Giovanni di, ii, 353
Ditmar, Bishop of Mersebourg, i, 58
Dolet, Étienne, ii, 46, 449
Dominic, Saint, monks of the Brotherhood of, establish a printing-office, i, 458
Donaldson vs. Becket, ii, 472 ff.
Donation, of Constantine, the, ii, 227
Döring, ii, 233 ff.
Dorpius, on Froben, ii, 189
Dritzehn, the brothers, associates of Gutenberg, i, 357 ff.
Drumceitt, Parliament of, i, 48
Drummond on The Praise of Folly, ii, 193
Dryden, John, makes agreement for his Virgil, ii, 148
Du Chastel, ii, 44, 46, 49
Ducret, scribe for Duke of Burgundy, i, 41
Dunstan, Saint, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 101; institutes monastery schools, i, 101; orders transcripts to be made in the vernacular, i, 101
Dürer, Albert, ii, 149 ff., 168; Instruction in Perspective, contention concerning the copyright of, ii, 410 ff.; literary and art productions of, ii, 409 ff.
Dutch Republic, establishment of the, ii, 273 ff.
E
Ebert, on the division of manuscripts, cited, i, 65
Ecclesiastical Censorship, i, 343
Ecclesiastical schools, i, 36
Eckstein, Heinrich, ii, 423
Eddas, collections of, preserved by the Benedictines, i, 61
Edward IV., King, accounts of, for the binding of books, i, 313; ii, 103, 122
—— VI., ii, 67
Egbert of York, i, 107
Eggestein, Heinrich, i, 381 ff.
Eichstadt, Abbess of, compiles the Heldenbuch, i, 52
Ekkhard, Abbot of Aurach, i, 58
Eligius, Saint, the biography of, i, 128
Ellis, George, Introduction to Early English Poetry of, cited, i, 302
Elton, Charles, ii, 306
Eltville, i, 363
Elzevirs, the, of Leyden and Amsterdam, ii, 18, 286 ff.; House of, in Amsterdam, ii, 299 ff.; publications of the, ii, 319 ff.; close of the publishing operations of, ii, 329 ff.; “piracies” of, ii, 332; relations of, with authors, ii, 332 ff.; religious faith of, ii, 338; relations of, to the book trade of Europe, ii, 500 ff.
Elzevir, Abraham, ii, 292 ff.
—— Bonaventure, ii, 290 ff.
—— Daniel, ii, 293 ff.;
the death of, ii, 329; the widow of, ii, 329
—— Isaac, ii, 292 ff.; 295 ff.
—— John, ii, 293 ff.
—— Louis (the first), ii, 280 ff.; 286 ff.; the six sons of, ii, 289 ff.
—— Louis (the second), ii, 299 ff.
—— Matthew, ii, 290 ff.
Elzevir Classics, the, ii, 292 ff.; ii, 309 ff.; 331
Emo, Abbot of Wittewierum, i, 70
Emperor, the Holy Roman, claims the control of the printing-press, ii, 420 ff.
England, the literary monks of, i, 90; the Abbey schools in, i, 118; beginnings of literary property in, ii, 464 ff.
English Crown, relations of the, to literary property, ii, 465 ff.
Engraving, relation of, to the work of the early printers, ii, 164
Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, the, i, 223
Erasmus, deprecates the adverse influence of Lutheranism on literature, i, 224; reference of, to Birckmann, i, 389; relations of, with Froben, i, 394 ff.; relations of, with Aldus, i, 423 ff.; makes his first sojourn in Italy, i, 427; does editorial work for Aldus, i, 427; publishes the Venetian edition of his Adagia, i, 427; early editions of The Praise of Folly, of, i, 428; complaints of, concerning careless typesetting, i, 428; friendship of, with Aleander, ii, 12; the Colloquies of, ii, 22, 23; feeling against, in the Sorbonne, ii, 24; criticised by Lutherans, Calvinists, and Romanists, ii, 25, 39, 41, 176, 179 ff.; editions of the writings of, ii, 183 ff.; on the death of Froben, ii, 189, 210 ff.; writings of, ii, 192; on Aldus, ii, 198; Spanish editions of the writings of, ii, 210; latest writings of, ii, 212 ff.; income of, ii, 214 ff., 226; concerning publishing methods, ii, 429
Erfurt, bookselling in the churches of, i, 283
Erlangen, collection of manuscripts in the University library of, i, 280
Ernest, Elector of Saxony, ii, 233
Ernst, Archbishop, ii, 229
Erpenius, ii, 292, 296
Estaples, d’, ii, 19
Estiennes, the, history of, ii, 15 ff.
Estienne, House of, ii, 87
—— Antoine, ii, 87
—— Charles, ii, 63 ff.
—— Florence, ii, 88
Estienne, Francis, ii, 62 ff.

—— Henry (the elder), begins work as a printer, ii, 18 ff.

—— Henry (the first), ii, 26

—— Henry (the second), ii, 37, 66 ff., 94; rhymed complaint of, on the difficulties of scholarly work, ii, 78

—— Paul, ii, 87, 95

—— Robert (the first), ii, 25 ff.; first publications of, ii, 30; motto of, ii, 30; appointed printer in Greek to the King, ii, 33, 42; takes refuge at Court, ii, 34; divides the New Testament into verses, ii, 48; removes from Paris to Geneva, ii, 50; Geneva publications of, ii, 53, 54, 55; death of, ii, 55; eulogies on, ii, 56, 254

—— Robert (second), ii, 64 ff.

Esslingen, early printing in, ii, 439

Eusebius, praises the work of nuns as scribes, i, 53; reference of, to the chaining of books, i, 141
Evelyn, John, ii, 298
Exemplatores, functions of, i, 188
Exercitationes of Casaubon, ii, 98 ff.
F
Faber, Johann, ii, 245
Fabri, Felix, the Historia Suevorum, of, i, 369
Fairs, in England, utilized by the dealers in manuscripts, i, 306; in Germany, manuscript-trade in the, i, 287
Falstoffe, Sir John, ii, 116, 123
Faques, William, printer to the King, ii, 467
Fathers of the Church, Dutch editions of the writings of, ii, 331
Felice, Fra, of Prato, ii, 355
Fell, Bishop, memoir by, on the state of printing in Oxford, i, 310
Ferdinand, Emperor, ii, 242 ff., 249
Ferreol, Saint, the Rule of, i, 63, 123
Fichet, Wilhelm, letter of, concerning the invention of printing, i, 359; ii, 5; the Rhetoric of, ii, 7
Ficino, the writings of, i, 338 ff.
Field, Richard, ii, 146
Fileas, the, an order of Celtic Bards, i, 48
Filelfo, Francesco, i, 189; recovers in a book-shop a stolen volume, i, 234; reference of, to Melchior, i, 249; i, 335 ff.
Finnian, contention of, with Columba, i, 46
Flach, Martin, i, 383
Flamel, Nicholas, librarius and speculator in real estate, i, 275
Flanders, in its relations to the Protestants, ii, 258
Fleury, describes the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97; the Abbey schools of, i, 118
Florence, the University of, i, 183 ff.; gives special attention to belles-lettres, i, 184; the Humanists of, i, 184; takes the lead in the trade in manuscripts, i, 239; the earlier book-dealers of, i, 246; the literary activities of, i, 318; the literary society of, i, 327 ff.; the academies of, i, 344; early printers of, i, 457
Flugschriften, the, of the Reformation, ii, 162, 241 ff.
Foligno, early printers of, i, 456
Fontaine, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Fontainebleau, Royal Library of, ii, 14
Fosbroke, classifies monastic catalogues, i, 142
Foscari, Doge of Venice, ii, 373
Fox, John, Book of Martyrs of, ii, 143
France, the Abbey schools in, i, 118; the manuscript-trade in, i, 255 ff.; early printers of, ii, 2 ff.; regulations for the printing-press in, ii, 437; legislation in, for the encouragement of literature, ii, 446 ff.; summary of the privileges in, ii, 491 ff.; takes the initiative in regard to the Convention of Berne, ii, 506; summary of copyright legislation in, ii, 508
Francheschi, Pietro, ii, 403
Francis I., relations of the literature and the clergy, ii, 6, 7; founds Royal Library at Fontainebleau, ii, 14; at issue with the Doctors of the Sorbonne, ii, 19 ff.; protects Robert Estienne against the royal censors, ii, 34; 38, 42, 43, 45, 57, 70, 324; relations of, with the reformers, ii, 444; edict of, in regard to privileges, ii, 447 ff.
Franco, Bishop of Treviso, ii, 372 ff.
Frankfort, first sale of printed books in the fair of, i, 288; magistracy of, protects the publishing contracts of Schöffer, i, 377; the book-fair of, ii, 247, 265, 302 ff. 365, 416; relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 302 ff.; ordinance of the city of concerning privileges, ii, 414
—— and the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498
Frankland, the demoralisation of, before the time of Charlemagne, i, 110
Franz, biographer of Cassiodorus, cited, i, 24
Fredegar, The Chronicle of, i, 128
Frederic, Elector of Saxony, i, 432; orders books for Wittenberg, i, 432
Frederick I., Landgrave of Alsace, ii, 423
—— II., The Emperor, i, 183
—— III. of Germany, institutes the office of imperial supervisor of literature, ii, 419
Free-thinkers and the Church of Rome, i, 333
Free Will, treatise on, by Erasmus, ii, 209
Fregeno, secures in Sweden, Roman manuscripts, i, 229
Freising, Otto von, cited, i, 43
French, as a literary language for Europe, ii, 504
Friese, Ulrich, a bookseller at the Nordlingen fair, i, 283
Frilo, father of Gutenberg, i, 357
Froben, Jerome, son of Johann, ii, 213
—— Johann, i, 393; scholarly attainments of, i, 393; relations with Erasmus, i, 393 ff.; ii, 39, 102, 178 ff., 244 ff., 429; letter of, to Zwingli, ii, 187; the literary friends of, ii, 188 ff.; gives up the publishing of the writings of Luther, ii, 221; the death of, ii, 210
Frodoard, i, 56
Froissart, ii, 117
Fromund of Tegernsee, i, 68
Froschauer, Printer for Zwingli, i, 396; ii, 141
Froude, on the patronage system, ii, 197
Frowin, manuscript of, i, 43
Fryth, John, ii, 140
Fugger, The House of, i, 431; bankers and forwarders, i, 431
——, Huldric, ii, 68 ff.
——, Joannes Jacobus, ii, 69
Furnivall’s Captain Cox, ii, 145
Fust, Johann, first relations of, with Gutenberg, i, 360, 372; lawsuit of, i, 360 ff.; relations of, with Schöffer, i, 372; first journey of, to Paris, i, 373; the earliest pirate of printed books, i, 375; death of, in 1467, i, 375; sells his Bibles in Paris, ii, 5
Fust and Schöffer, earliest publications of, i, 373
G
Gaddesden, John of, i, 308
Gaillard, ii, 40
Galeotti, J., importer of manuscripts, i, 242
Galileo, ii, 309
Garland, Jean de, compiles a directory of the industries of Paris, i, 256
Gasparino, the Letters of, ii, 7
Gaul, literature in, during fifth century, i, 7
Gaza, Theodore, Greek editor for the Aldine Press, i, 420, ii, 23
Geneva, ii, 38, 50; University of, ii, 51; literary interests of, ii, 51; censorship regulations of, ii, 51; pirates of, ii, 51; great siege of, ii, 88; theology of, ii, 91; literature of, ii, 91 ff.; publishing activities of, ii, 93
Gengenbach, dramatist and printer, i, 395
Genoa, contests in, between the copyists and the printers, i, 413; early printers of, i, 458; the scribes of, protest against the introduction of printing, i, 459
Gensfleisch, the family of (Gutenberg), i, 356 ff.
Geoffrey of St. Barbe, letter of, i, 133
George, Duke of Saxony, puts the Protestant printers of Leipzig under restrictions, i, 401; ii, 232, 250
George, Elector of Saxony, ii, 424
Gerbert, Abbot of Bobbio, cited, i, 38; orders books from a distance, i, 139, 140; collects books for his libraries, i, 231; ii, 480
Gering, printer of Paris, ii, 5
German, book-trade, organization of the, ii, 497; universities in the 15th century, standard of scholarship in, i, 277
Germany, the monastic schools in, i, 118; manuscript dealers in, i, 276 ff.; privileges and regulations in, ii, 407 ff.; summary of privileges in, ii, 493 ff.; in its relations to literary property, ii, 505
Gerson, Johann, Chancellor of University of Paris, i, 54; describes the literary wealth of Paris, i, 261; ii, 150
Gertrude, Abbess of Nivelle, a buyer of books, i, 51, 53
Gerwold, Abbot of S. Wandrille, i, 67
Gesner, ii, 56, 432
Gesta Romanorum, said to have originated in England, i, 304; edition of the, printed by A. Koberger, ii, 161
Ghent, the Pacification of, ii, 273
Ghisebrecht, ii, 277
Gibbon criticises Caxton, ii, 127, 128
Giesebrecht, treatise of De litterarum Studiis, i, 226
Gildas, Chronicles of, i, 55
Giovanni, Saint, the library of, in Naples, i, 146
Giraud, C., cited, i, 55
Gita, a scribe of Schwarzenthau, i, 54
Giunta, the family of, i, 248
——, Phillippo, i, 238
Glaber, Raoul, i, 56
Glanville, i, 308
Glastonbury, Chapel of, i, 106
Godo, purchases books in Rome, i, 227
Golden Legend, The, ii, 118
Gosselin, ii, 95
Goths, rule of, in Italy, i, 9
Gourmont, Giles, printer of Paris, ii, 10 ff.; publications of, ii, 23
Gower, John, ii, 117, 126
Graevius, on the death of Louis Elzevir (the second), ii, 318
Grafton, printer, ii, 141
Greek, the knowledge of, in the tenth century, i, 127; books, printing of, limited to a few publishers, i, 244; immigrants, as instructors in Italy, i, 236; fonts of the Imprimerie Royale, ii, 58 ff.; lecturers in University of Paris, ii, 23; literature, brought to Europe through Arabian writers, i, 181; literature, introduction of, into Italy, i, 236; literature, in Paris, ii, 10 ff.; manuscripts brought from Constantinople to Italy, i, 235
Greek Press in Paris, history of the, ii, 10 ff.
Greek scholars, relations of, with Venice and with Florence, i, 237; secure compensation in Italy for editorial work, i, 411; as assistants to publishers, i, 416; in Paris, ii, 23
Greek texts, brought to Venice from the East, i, 411 ff.; in the University of Paris, ii, 22
Gregoriis, Gregorius de, ii, 354
Gregoropoulos, Greek proof-reader for Aldus, i, 421
Gregory I., Pope, writings of, i, 34, 35; charges against, i, 34; opinion of, concerning the Scriptures and grammar, i, 121; as an author, ii, 478
—— VII., utilises the work of monastic scribes, i, 81-82
—— XIII., ii, 262
—— of Tours, i, 56
Grein, Anglo-Saxon Library, by, i, 92
Grimani, the breviary of, i, 294
Grimlaïcus, the Rule of, i, 123
Grimm, Siegmund, publisher for Hutten, ii, 229
Grolier de Servier, ii, 43
Groote, Gerhard, founds in Deventer a Brotherhood House, i, 88
Grotius, ii, 65, 304; the Mare Liberum of, ii, 308
Grunenberg, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 222
Grüninger, Hans, of Strasburg, ii, 151, 165
Gruthuyse, of Bruges, a collector of manuscripts, i, 289; ii, 105
Guignes, de, ii, 60
Guild, of printers and publishers, in Milan, i, 450 ff.; of S. John in Bruges, ii, 106; of publishers and printers in Paris, regulations of, ii, 453 ff.; of printers and book-sellers in Venice, ii, 364 ff.; of the Venetian book-trade, organisation of, ii, 395 ff.; of the Venetian book-trade, close of the history of, ii, 398; Hall, for the Venetian book-trade, ii, 395
Guiscard, Robert, i, 182
Guldemund, Hans, ii, 410
Gutenberg, i, 9, 349 ff.; earlier operations of, i, 358; first partnerships of, i, 358; lawsuits of, i, 358 ff.; conditions of the business of, i, 364; financial difficulties of, i, 364 ff.; fonts of type manufactured by, i, 365; early testimony concerning the invention of, i, 380; ii, 17, 178
H
Hagen, quotes a rhyming record from a Hagenau manuscript, i, 285
Hagenau, early manuscript-trade of, i, 284; printing introduced into, i, 284; relations of, with Heidelberg, i, 284 ff.
Hahn, printer of Ingolstadt and of Rome, i, 406
Hallam, on Saumaise, ii, 315
Hamburg, manuscript-dealers of, i, 283; caution of the Senate of, concerning dedications, ii, 434
Hans, the brothers, ii, 425
Hardy, Thomas Duffus, on the literary work of the British monasteries, i, 102
Harlinde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53
Harper, the House of, ii, 335
Harsy, Antoine de, ii, 94
Hatzlern, Clara, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41
Hauslik, history of the University of Prague, i, 278
Hedwig, Duchess of Suabia, teaches Greek to Abbot Burckhart, i, 126
Hegel, Philosophy of History of, quoted, i, 367
Heidelberg, the library of, i, 85; books bought for the library of, i, 232; book-trade in the University of, i, 279
Heilsbrunn, manuscripts from the monastery of, i, 280
Heinsius, Nicholas, ii, 298, 310, 313 ff., 317
Helgaud, i, 56
Hellenic Brothers, the, of St. Gall, i, 126
Henry II. of France, ii, 48, 56, 70; letters-patent of, i, 203
—— III., ii, 82 ff.
—— IV., ii, 95 ff.
—— VI. of England, death of, ii, 129; interest of, in printing in England, ii, 135
—— VII., ii, 123
—— VIII., ii, 45, 141
Heresbach, ii, 41
Heresy, the Venetian Commissioners of, ii, 404
Herluca, corresponds with Diemude, i, 54
Hermonymus, a designer of type in Paris, ii, 10, 23
Herneis, publisher of Paris in the thirteenth century, i, 271
Herodotus, History of, ii, 73
Herrad of Landsberg, writings of, i, 52
Herrgott, Johann, ii, 249
Heynlin, ii, 5, 111
Higden, Ralph, the Polychronicon of, i, 56, 307
Hilary, works of, edited by Erasmus, ii, 209
Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, i, 93
Hildesheim, the Brothers of, producers of books, i, 90
Hiltebrand, Johann, ii, 231
Hippocrates and Galen, described as the “Aristotles of Medicine,” i, 195; writings of, used as text-books, i, 195
Hochstraten, ii, 202
Hodgkin, Thomas, Italy and her Invaders, cited, i, 3 ff.; summarises the services of Cassiodorus, i, 23, 24
Hoeck, Adolph von, Prior of Scheda, i, 86
Holbein, Hans, ii, 10, 180, 181, 200
Holland, the increasing trade of, ii, 290 ff.; book-trade of, during the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498
Hollybushe, John, ii, 142
Honoratus, Saint, founds Monastery of Lerin, i, 32
Honorius, opinion of, concerning the philosophers, i, 129
Hopyll, Wolffgang, printer of Paris, ii, 18
Horn, Conrad, stadtschreiber, sells books by contract, i, 288
Hroswitha, daughter of Duke of Saxony, i, 52
—— of Gandersheim, i, 37, 52; the Chronicon Urspergense of, i, 87, 360; the dramas of, ii, 414, 420
Hubmayer, Balthasar, ii, 243
Hugh, Abbot of Flavigny, i, 57
Hugo of Trimberg, schoolmaster and book collector, i, 287
——, Cardinal, ii, 157
—— Bible, the, ii, 154, 157 ff., 167
Humanistic Movement, influence of the, on the production of printed literature, i, 370 ff.; the leaders of the, ii, 226
Humanists, the influence of the, in the German universities, i, 223; ii, 172
Humery, Doctor Conrad, of Mayence, i, 292; co-operates with Gutenberg, i, 361 ff.
Hummelsburger, letter of, concerning Aldine editions, i, 436
Hungarians, destroy monasteries in the tenth century, i, 132
Hunt, Thomas, ii, 137
Huntington, Henry of, Chronicles, i, 56, 307
Huszner, George, i, 383
Hutten, Ulrich von, ii, 176, 182, 227, 239
—— and Luther, ii, 251
I
Ibo, Bishop of Chartres, treatise of, De Rebus Ecclesiasticis, i, 117
Idung, the Dialogues of, i, 54
Illuminators, of manuscripts, i, 241
Illustrated publications, early editions of, issued in Nuremberg, i, 398
Imperial cities, special privileges of, concerning book production, ii, 422 ff.
Imperial Commission for the regulation of literature, ii, 421
Ina, King, i, 106
Index Expurgatorius of Louvain, ii, 44
Index, the, of 1564, ii, 243
Index, the, and the book-trade, ii, 372 ff.
Index, the, issued by the Council of Trent, ii, 375 ff.
Indexes, the, of 1546, 1550, 1551, 1554, 1559, ii, 268 ff., 275
Ingolstadt, regulations of the University of, concerning text-books, i, 281
Ingulphus, Chronicles of, i, 56; record of, concerning the Abbey of Peterborough, i, 132
Innocent IV., Pope, i, 183
Inquisition, the, and censorship, ii, 267; relations of, with the printing-press, ii, 371
Iona, the monastery of, founded, i, 47, 90
Irnerius, jurist of Bologna, i, 183
Isidore, Bishop of Seville, writings of, i, 35; treatise of, on elocution, i, 117
Italian literature, influence of, on Elizabethan authors, ii, 144
Italy, the monastic schools in, i, 118; monasteries in, destroyed by the Saracens, i, 132; the printer-publishers of, i, 403 ff.; privileges and censorship in, ii, 343 ff.; enactments concerning literary property in, ii, 406
J
Jacob of Breslau, volumes written by, i, 86
Jacob, Saint, monastery of, in Liége, i, 114
James I., ii, 96 ff.
Jehan, Jacques, grocer and book-seller, i, 274
Jenson, Nicholas, first printer in Venice, i, 407; operations of, in Paris and in Mayence, i, 408; settles in Venice, i, 409; sells printing plant to Torresano, i, 411; sent to Mayence by Charles VII., ii, 2; 344
Jerome, Saint, writings of, i, 3, 23, 32; ii, 189; befriends S. Paula and her daughter, i, 51; injunction of, concerning reading, i, 124; complains of the untrustworthiness of the work of scribes, i, 229
Jews, forbidden to buy or sell manuscripts in the Italian universities, i, 194; lend moneys to monasteries on pledges of books, i, 231
Jewell, John, ii, 53
John, Bishop of Aleria, cites prices of early printed books, i, 375
——, King of France, buys stationery in England, i, 312
—— of Speyer, printer of Venice, i, 407 ff.; secures a monopoly for printing in Venice, i, 408
Jordæus, treatise on the Goths, i, 19
Junius, Hadrian, historian of Koster, i, 352
Jusserand, J. J., on the early literature of the Anglo-Saxons, i, 91; English Wayfaring Life, by, cited, i, 302 ff.
K
Kalle, Samuel, ii, 425
Kapp, on the selling of dedications, ii, 433
Karoch, instructor in Erfurt, i, 220
Kefer, Heinrich, ii, 150
Kennett, White, ii, 63
Kessler, Nicholas, of Basel, relations of, with Koberger, ii, 409
Kirchhoff, on the selling of dedications, ii, 434
Knight, Charles, The Old Printer of, cited, i, 302 ff.
Knittel, concerning the work of the scriptorium, cited, i, 65
Kobergers, the, of Nuremberg, ii, 149 ff.; business of, interfered with by the Reformation, ii, 163
Koberger, Anthoni, i, 384; the publications of, i, 397 ff.; ii, 76, 149 ff.; principal publications of, ii, 152, 154; commended by Badius, Wimpfeling, Leontorius, and the Emperor Maximilian, ii, 155, 156; friendship of, with Amerbach, ii, 156; relations of, with Celtes, Dürer, and Pirckheimer, ii, 156; editions of the Bible printed by, ii, 157, 158; conservatism of, ii, 204; relations of, to the system of privileges in Germany, ii, 409
——, Johannes, ii, 159
——, Melchior, relations of, with Luther, ii, 159
Koelhoff, Johann, printer of Cologne, i, 388
Koepke, Otton. Studien, cited, i, 36 ff.
König, Conrad, agent for Luther’s books, ii, 231
Köpflin, ii, 245
Köster, Laurens, of Harlem, i, 349 ff.; the statue of, ii, 298
Krantz, printer of Paris, ii, 5, 111
Kyrfoth, Carolus, ii, 137
L
LaCasa, Papal Nuncio, ii, 373
Lachner, ii, 179, 232
Landino, the writings of, i, 340
Lanfranc, i, 197
Langendorf of Basel prints piracy editions of Luther’s writings, i, 395
Large, Robert, ii, 102
Laskaris, Greek grammarian, i, 365; ii, 23
Latin, the language of literature for Europe, i, 318; ii, 503
LaTrappe, the Order of, i, 120
Lauber, Diebold, scribe and manuscript dealer in Hagenau, i, 284 ff.; noteworthy manuscripts of, i, 289; rhyming advertisements of, i, 289
Laurentium, the monastery of, in Liége, i, 87
Laurie, summarises the Christian conception of education, i, 120
Lavagna, printer of Milan, i, 408, 447
Law, Roman and canonical, the study of, in Bologna, i, 190
—— text-books required in Bologna and Montpellier, i, 194
Lay-clerics, functions of, i, 38
League, influence of the wars of the, on the supervision of the Press, ii, 450
Lectores, the work of, i, 116
Leew, Gerard, ii, 134
LeFevre, (d’Estaples), ii, 19
LeGrand, Jaques, ii, 119
Leipzig, the earlier printers of, i, 399; ii, 29, 202; as a centre for the distribution of printed books, i, 401; the book fair of, ii, 303, 426; as a centre of book production, ii, 422 ff.; the literary commission of, ii, 423; caution of magistracy of, concerning dedications, ii, 434
Leland, catalogue prepared by, of the abbatial libraries of England, i, 102
Leo, Bishop of Ostia, i, 57
Leo X., Pope, sends emissaries to collect manuscripts, i, 301; the literary interests of, i, 322; relations of, with the earlier printers, i, 368; excommunicates Luther, ii, 225; Bull of, in regard to the licencing of books, ii, 439
LeRoys, printer of Lyons, ii, 10
Lerin, monastery of, founded by Honoratus, i, 32
Leukardis, a scribe of Mallesdorf, i, 54
Lewis, a scribe of Wessobrunn, i, 75
Leyden, the University of, ii, 280 ff.; as a publishing centre, ii, 286; the Press of University of, ii, 297; the University in its relations with publishing, ii, 336
Liaupold, Brother, i, 39, 54
Libraires jurés, regulations concerning the, i, 207 ff.; of Paris, ii, 365
Librairie, origin of the term, i, 189
Librariers Gild of Ghent and of Brussels, i, 290
Libraries of the monasteries, the, and their arrangements for the exchange of books, i, 133 ff.; of the manuscript period, i, 146 ff.
Librarii, i, 10; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 ff.; of Paris in the 15th century, i, 269 ff.
Ligugé, monastery of, founded, i, 32
Linacre, Sir Thomas, ii, 194
Lincoln, manuscript-dealers of, i, 312
Lioba, Saint, a pupil of S. Boniface, organises schools in North Germany, i, 51
Lipsius, ii, 281, 284
Listrius, Gerard, ii, 200
Litera Romana, i, 67
Literary property, in England, beginnings of, ii, 464 ff.; development of the conception of, ii, 477 ff.; diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 ff.; in Italy, enactments concerning, ii, 406
Literature, beginnings of property in, ii, 343 ff.
Locke, on the death of Daniel Elzevir, ii, 319
Longarard, the unintelligible writings of, i, 45
Longinus, Vincenzo, relations of, with Aldus, i, 435
Lotter, printer of Leipzig, i, 400 ff. Melchior, first printer of Wittenberg, i, 401; ii, 230 ff.; 430
Louis the Débonnaire, i, 97
—— IX., pays for transcribing an Encyclopædia, i, 230
—— XI., borrows books from the University of Paris, i, 136; lays claim to the estate of a publisher, i, 270; in 1474, pledges silver for the loan of a manuscript, i, 299; a collector of books, ii, 4; recognises the library of the Louvre, ii, 4; intervenes for the protection of Schöffer, ii, 8; institutes the Parliament of Paris, ii, 441
—— XII., edict of, in behalf of booksellers, ii, 6; interest of, in printing, ii, 6; toleration of, for heretical literature, ii, 6
—— XIV., ii, 318; relations of, to literature, ii, 458 ff.
Louvain, Index Expurgatorius of, ii, 44; the University of, ii, 258; theologians of, ii, 261; the Indexes of, ii, 268 ff.; the University of, in its relations to censorship, ii, 373
Lowell, on Socinians, ii, 53
Lübeck, book sales in the churches of, i, 283
Lucca, early printers of, i, 455
Luden, concerning the printing-press of Germany, ii, 427
Lufft, Hans, claims copyright in Luther’s Bible, ii, 235
Lupus, Abbot, orders transcripts prepared in York, i, 229
Luther, complaints of, concerning the piracy editions of his works, i, 402; ii, 408; heresies of, condemned at the Council of Sens, ii, 22, 26, 45; relations of, with the Kobergers, ii, 159; Froben’s edition of the writings of, ii, 190 ff.; as an author, ii, 216 ff.; the published writings of, ii, 219 ff.; completes his version of the New Testament, ii, 225; Catechism of, printed in Slovenic, ii, 230; compensation paid to, for his literary work, ii, 232; letter of, to Lang, ii, 245; and the war of the peasants, ii, 250; and von Hutten, ii, 251; the Table-talk of, ii, 429; on the compensation of authors, ii, 431
Lutheran tracts printed in out-of-the-way places, ii, 248
Luxeuil, the monastery of, founded, i, 47
Lydgate, John, ii, 116 ff.
Lyons, early printers of, ii, 8 ff.; a publishing centre for light literature, ii, 9 ff.; printers of, “appropriate” the productions of Paris and other cities, ii, 9, 495; publishing activities of, ii, 93
M
Mabillon, Jean, treatise of, on monastic studies, i, 120; work of, in behalf of the Benedictines, i, 122, 123; literary journeys of, i, 123; on the prices of books during the Middle Ages, i, 135
Machiavelli, The Prince of, ii, 202
Madan’s Early Oxford Press, ii, 134
Magdeburg, as a publishing centre, ii, 229, 248
Magdeburg Centuries, ii, 97
Maintenon, Madame de, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 461
Maitland, The Dark Ages, cited, i, 31 ff.; opinion of, concerning palimpsests, i, 72; describes the arrangements of the scriptoria, i, 75; on the book production of the Middle Ages, i, 77, 78; calculation of, concerning the speed of the work of the scribes, i, 98; criticises Robinson’s description of the Church in the Middle Ages, i, 117; points out the inaccuracies of Milner, i, 130; on the prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; analyses the value of MSS., i, 137
Maittaire, Bibliography of, ii, 22, 25 ff., 40
Makkari, historian of the Mohammedan dynasties, i, 255
Malmesbury, William of, The Chronicles of, i, 56; writes life of Aldhelm, i, 97; his account of the chapel at Glastonbury, i, 106; collector of books, i, 307
Malory, Sir Thomas, ii, 118, 126
Manenti of Urbino, copyright secured by, ii, 348
Mansfield, Lord, ii, 473
Mansion, Colart, or Colard, escripvain and printer, i, 289; ii, 102 ff.
Manuscript, the earliest existing example of monastic scribe-work, i, 34
Manuscripts, trade in, in Bologna, i, 184; formalities connected with the sale of, in Paris, i, 212; the trade in, carried on by pedlars, grocers, and mercers, i, 232; production of, continued after the invention of printing, i, 243; Moorish trade in, i, 254; illuminated with the arms of noble families, i, 268; copyright in, ii, 481 ff.
Manuscript-dealers, the historians of the, i, 180; of Italy, i, 244 ff.; of Germany, i, 276 ff.; of Paris, i, 256 ff.
Manuscript period in England, the i, 302 ff.
Manuscript-trade, of the Brothers of Common Life, i, 291 ff.; of France, i, 255 ff.; of Germany, i, 287, 291; of the Netherlands, i, 290 ff.; of London, in the 14th century, i, 312 ff.
Manutius, Paul, inherits business of his father, i, 438; settles in Rome, i, 440; letters of, to his son Aldus, i, 441; journeys to Milan, i, 444; completes his commentaries on Cicero, i, 444; death of, i, 445; coöperation of, with Plantin, ii, 264
Map, Walter, De Nugis Curiatum of, i, 304
Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, ii, 103, 122, 126
Margounios, Maximus, ii, 377
Marguerite de Valois, ii, 46
Mariegole, or by-laws of the Venetian Guild, ii, 366 ff.
Marillac, ii, 40
Marloratus, ii, 70
Marmontier, monastery of, founded, i, 32
Marquard, Abbot, pawns the library of his Abbey, i, 232
Marsam, Jehan de, master of arts and dealer in manuscripts, i, 273
Marsham, cited, i, 55
Martene and Montfaucon, the literary journeys of, i, 131
Martyr, Peter, ii, 53
Mary, Saint, of Robert’s Bridge, inscription in a manuscript from, i, 73
Mary, Queen of Scots, ii, 66
Mascon, Bishop of, ii, 44
Maseyk, the nuns of, i, 53
Massimi, the brothers, introduce printing into Rome, i, 405
Massmann, Die Goth. Urkunden von Neapel, etc., cited, i, 43
Mathesius, ii, 228
Maximilian, the Emperor, befriends Reuchlin, ii, 203
—— II., relations of, to book privileges, ii, 422 ff.
Mayence, connection of, with the origin of printing, i, 358 ff.; the sack of, by Adolph of Nassau, i, 362, 372; printers driven from, i, 372
Medici, the, purchased books from scribes, i, 240
——, Cosimo de’, i, 322; institutes libraries, i, 328; founds the Platonic Academy, i, 328
——, Lorenzo de’, i, 338
Meerman, reference of, to Koster, i, 354
Melanchthon, Philip, ii, 231, 238 ff.
Melania, Saint, makes a living as a scribe, i, 33; founds convent at Tagaste, i, 33; beauty of transcripts of, i, 53
Melchior, Abbot, founds printing-office in Augsburg, i, 87; manuscript-dealer, i, 249
Mellin, Réclus, ii, 446
Memmingen, caution of the burgomaster of, concerning dedications, ii, 434
Ménage, ii, 312
Mendicant monks, work of, in copying and distributing books, i, 84; libraries of, i, 148
Mensing, Doctor, ii, 229
Mentel, Johann, printer of Strasburg, i, 375, 381 ff.
Mercers’ Company, the, of London, ii, 122
Metal workers, relations of the, to early printers, ii, 164
Metz, Cathedral of, as a resort for booksellers, i, 283
Milan, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228, 241; literature at the Court of, i, 334; the printing, publishing, and bookselling Guild of, i, 450 ff.; various activities of, i, 446 ff.; the first printing in, i, 447; Publishing Association of, i, 448 ff.; the regulations of Printers’ Guild of, i, 453
Millar vs. Taylor, ii, 472, 505
Milner, the historian, criticised by Maitland, i, 130
Milton, John, Paradise Lost, possibly suggested by Cædmon’s Revolt of Satan, i, 93; agreement of, for publication of Paradise Lost, ii, 147; the Defensio Populi Anglicani of, ii, 308; on the liberty of the printing-press, ii, 474 ff.
Minner, Johann, scriptor, i, 288
Minorite Order, literary work of, i, 84
Minutianus, professor and printer, i, 447
Mirandola, Pico della, i, 339
Mocenigo, Andrea, ii, 357
Modena, Statutes of the High School of, concerning the book-trade, i, 189
Mohammedan states, literary activity in, i, 180
Monasteries, Irish and Scotch, founded by S. Columba, i, 45-47
Monastery cells, the severe temperature of, i, 64
—— schools, the earlier, i, 106
Monk, Roger, ii, 117
Monks, of England, literary work of the, i, 90
Monkish chroniclers of England, i, 55-60, 307 ff.
Monmouth, Geoffrey of, Chronicles of, i, 56, 307
Monopolies conceded by Venice to earlier printers, i, 408
Mons Castellius, monastery of, i, 21
Montalembert, The Monks of the West, cited, i, 30 ff.
Montanus, Arius, ii, 260 ff.
Monte Cassino, monastery of, founded, i, 10, 182
Montfaucon, cited, i, 42 ff.; quoted by Robertson, i, 72; the literary journeys of Martene and, i, 130
Montpellier, the book-dealers of the University of, i, 266 ff.; the Press of, ii, 92
Moors, destroy monasteries in Spain, i, 132
More, Sir Thomas, ii, 130, 194, 200; prints books in Basel, i, 395
Morel, Frederic, ii, 25
Moretto, Antonio, ii, 351
Moretus, John, ii, 283
Morhart, Ulrich, ii, 230
Morier, on the prices of MSS. in Persia, i, 136
Morosini, Andrea, historian of Venice, ii, 387
Morrhius (Campensis), ii, 24
Morte d’Arthur, ii, 118
Moulins, ordinance of, ii, 450
Mount Athos, the monastery of, i, 146
Mountjoy, Lord, ii, 215
Mühlberg, battle of, ii, 421
Mullinger, summarises the Apostolic Constitutions, i, 121
Münster as a publishing centre, ii, 248 ff.
Muratori, the Chronicles of, i, 57; reference of, to books presented to churches, i, 137; concerning the monastery collection of books, i, 138
Murbach, the monastery of, i, 83
Mure, Conrad de, i, 40
Muretus, ii, 67
Murner, Thomas, ii, 183, 431
Murray, the House of, ii, 335
Musurus, Marcus, appointed professor of Greek, i, 416; appointed censor by the Venetian Senate, i, 422; script of, utilised as a model for Greek type, ii, 347; censor of Greek books in Venice, ii, 356
Mutianus, the work of, at Erfurt, i, 223
Myrop, C., ii, 305
N
Nantes, the edict of, ii, 451 ff.
Naples, the University of, i, 182; the Academy of, i, 344
Napoleon and the freedom of the printing-press, ii, 427 ff.
Navagero, Andrea, appointed censor for the literature of the Humanities, ii, 356
Néobar, (or Neobarius), Conrad, appointed royal printer in Greek, ii, 33, 42, 448
Neri, S. Philip, ii, 97
Neudorffer, J., ii, 150
Nevelo, works of penance in the scriptorium, i, 70
New Testament, the paraphrase of, by Erasmus, ii, 207
Niccoli, Niccolo de’, funeral oration upon, i, 240; bequeaths books to Florence, i, 240
Niceron, ii, 46
Nicholas, l’Anglois, bookseller and tavern-keeper in Paris, in the fourteenth century, i, 272
—— of Breslau, printer and engraver of Florence, i, 458
—— V., Pope, i, 329 ff.
Nicholson, John, ii, 142
Niclaes, ii, 266
Nicolai, publisher of Berlin, ii, 417
Niedermünster, the nuns of, famed as scribes, i, 54
Noailles, Cardinal de, ii, 462
Nordlingen Fair, the book-trade of, i, 283; first sale of printed books in the, i, 287
Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132; piracies of the, i, 231
Notker, of St. Gall, writes to the Bishop of Sitten, i, 39, 229
Novantula, monastery of, burned by the Hungarians, i, 132; the manuscripts of, i, 131
Numeister, printer of Mayence and of Foligno, i, 456
Nuns as scribes, i, 51-55
Nuremberg, the printer-publishers of, i, 397 ff.; and the writings of Luther, ii, 236; piracy editions issued in, ii, 236; edict of, ii, 242; censorship in, ii, 243
O
Obscene literature and the papal censorship, i, 333
Odo, Abbot of Clugni, i, 129
——, Abbot of Tournai, i, 67, 77
Œcolampadius, ii, 23
Offa, King, gives a Bible to the church at Worcester, i, 97
Olbert, Abbot of Gembloux, i, 97; transcribes the Old and the New Testaments, i, 98
Old Testament, Luther’s version of the, ii, 233
Olivier, librarius of Paris, schedule of his book sales, i, 274
Omons, work of, entitled The Picture of the World, i, 142
Origen, Saint, literary work of, i, 32; the library of, in Cesarea, i, 147; requires the service of scribes, i, 228
Orleans, literary interests of the dukes of, i, 268
Orosius, a manuscript of, i, 43, 226
Orphanage, publishing concern of Halle, ii, 425
Össler, Jacob, appointed imperial supervisor of literature, ii, 419
Othlo of Tegernsee, his work as a scribe, i, 64
Othlonus, a scribe of S. Emmeram, i, 78, 79. (Same as Othlo.)
Othmar, Sylvan, publisher for Luther, ii, 229
Oxford, the University of, i, 181; early purchases of books for the libraries of, i, 306; early printing in, ii, 134 ff.; first printers of, ii, 137
Ozanam, La Civilisation Chrétienne cited, i, 36 ff.
P
Padua, the University of, i, 181, 421, ii, 348; regulations of the University of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188, 193; commissioners of the University of, appointed censors of Venetian publications, ii, 362 ff.
Paedts, Jean, ii, 294
Palencia, the University of, i, 196
Pallavicini, Cardinal, ii, 388
Palm, publisher, shot by order of Napoleon, ii, 427
Pannartz, Arnold, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405
Panthoul, Macé, bookseller and paper-maker of Troyes, i, 276
Panzer, ii, 12
Papacy, claim of the, to the supervision of books in Venice, ii, 355 ff.
Paper, first manufactured from rags, i, 409
Paper-makers, relations of, with the early publishers, i, 237
Paper-making in Italy, i, 409
Paper manufacturers, the earlier work of, in France, i, 266; protected by University privileges, i, 266
Papyrus, latest use of, i, 43, 44
Paradise Lost, agreement for the publication of, ii, 147
Paravisinus, printer of Milan, i, 447
Parchment, the scarcity of, i, 70; used for palimpsests, i, 72; regulations for the sale of, in Paris, i, 204; costliness of, in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 332
Parchment-dealers in Paris, regulations concerning, i, 265
Parentucelli, Tommaso, (Pope Nicholas V.), founds the Vatican Library, i, 329
Paris, Matthew, Chronicles of, i, 56, 69, 307; writes Lives of the Two Offas and the Chronicles, i, 105
——, city of, in 1600, ii, 95; scribes of, i, 41; instructions of the Council of, concerning the lending of books, by the monasteries, i, 138; printed books first sold in, ii, 5; relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 303 ff.
——, the University of, i, 51, 181; foundation and constitution of the, i, 197 ff.; regulations of, concerning the early book-trade, i, 201 ff.; the earlier scribes in, i, 256; students of, 1524, ii, 28; censures the writings of Erasmus, ii, 210; publishes an Index Expurgatorius, ii, 373; relations of, to censorship of the Press, ii, 439 ff.
Parliament of Paris, relations of the, to the censorship of the Press, ii, 440 ff., 470 ff.; contests of, with the Crown, ii, 441; suppression of, ii, 441; relations of, with the book-trade, ii, 442
Parrhasius, Janus, institutes the library of S. Giovanni, i, 146
Paruta, contentions of, against the Clementine Index, ii, 377 ff.
Pasqualigo, ii, 370
Passau, the library of, i, 228
Patronage provides compensation for Italian writers, i, 334
Pattison, Mark, ii, 27, 85 ff.; analysis by, of the literary influence of Italy, France, Holland, and Germany, i, 346
Paul, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 69
—— III., ii, 29
—— IV., issues an Index, ii, 374
Paula, Saint, writes Hebrew and Greek, i, 51; assists S. Jerome in his writing, i, 51
Paulsen, characterises the instruction in the mediæval universities, i, 223
Pavia, the University of, i, 183
Peasants, the war of the, ii, 250
Pecia, definition of, i, 186
Peciarii, functions of, i, 187
Pedlars, regulations limiting the book-trade of, i, 213; as dealers in books, i, 232
Pellican, Conrad, ii, 232
Penalties for literary piracies in Venice, ii, 352
Pentateuch, the, printed in Constantinople, ii, 260
Penzi, Jacomo di, of Lecco, ii, 353
Permit for publication, earliest record of, ii, 439
Perugia, the early manuscript-dealers of, i, 249
Peter of Blois, describes the manuscript collections of Paris, i, 256
—— of Celle, borrows books from S. Bernard, i, 143
—— the Venerable, Abbot of Clugni, i, 130; makes translation of the Koran, i, 145; correspondence of, i, 144, 145; orders books from Aquitaine, i, 144
—— of Bacharach, writes a Schwabenspiegel, i, 41
—— of Ravenna, ii, 439, 488
Peterborough, the abbey of, burned by the Danes, i, 132
Petrarch, appreciative reference of, to Aretinus, i, 246; the influence of, in behalf of the study of Greek, i, 323; as a collector of manuscripts, i, 324; script of, used as model for the type founders, i, 324
Petri, Adam, of Basel, ii, 223, 225, 228
——, Heinrich, printer-publisher, of Basel, knighted by Charles V., i, 395; sends books to Casaubon, ii, 90
Pez, the Chronicles of, cited, i, 39 ff.
Phalaris, the Letters of, ii, 351
Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a collector of books, i, 273; purchases manuscripts, shirts, hats, and more manuscripts, i, 274, 275
—— the Fair of Burgundy, regulations of, concerning manuscript-dealers, i, 263; and the Parliament of Paris, ii, 441
—— the Good of Burgundy, ii, 105
—— II., of Spain, gives charter to the Milan printers’ guild, i, 451; ii, 265, 284, 272; refuses to accept the Tridentine Index, ii, 382; and the Papal censorship, ii, 388
—— III. confirms the monopoly of the Milan printers’ guild, i, 454
Philobiblon, of de Bury, cited, i, 308 ff.
Piacenza, the University of, i, 183
Pio, Albert, Prince of Carpi, treatise of, against Erasmus, ii, 445
Piracies, literary, regulations in Basel concerning, ii, 412
Pirckheimer, translator of the Geography of Ptolemy, i, 385 ff.; ii, 151, 174, 165, 167
Pius IV., Pope, calls Paul Manutius to Rome, i, 440
—— V., institutes the Congregation of the Index, ii, 377; relations of, with Paul Manutius, i, 442 ff.
Plantin, the House of, ii, 255 ff.; publications of, ii, 259 ff.
——, Christopher, ii, 255 ff.; the Press of, ii, 76; relations of with Leyden, ii, 294; the Bible of, ii, 334
—— Museum, the, ii, 283
Plantinerus, purchasing agent for manuscripts, i, 242
Plater, Thomas, ii, 238
Poggio, funeral oration of, upon Niccoli, i, 240; translates the Cyropaedia, i, 329
Poliziano, the writings of, i, 340
Polliot, Etienne, ii, 449
Pontchartrain, Chancellor of France, ii, 460 ff.
Porson, ii, 37
Prague, the University of, i, 181; regulations for the copyists in the University of, i, 220; bookdealers in the University of, i, 278
Praise of Folly, the first edition of, ii, 194
Pratt, William, mercer and manuscript-dealer, i, 313; friend of Caxton, ii, 119, 123
Prayer-book, first printed in England, ii, 142
Premonstratensians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148
Press, the freedom of, in Venice, ii, 404
Press-correctors, in the 16th century, ii, 165
Preston, Thomas, the writings of, ii, 386
Prices of Plantin’s publications, ii, 279
Printers, early, in France, ii, 3 ff.; of Paris, regulations for, in 1581, ii, 453 ff.
Printers’ Guild, of Venice, the, and Press legislation, ii, 394 ff.
Printing, the invention of, i, 348 ff.; in France, ii, 3 ff.; in Germany, begun for the benefit of the middle classes, i, 363; in Germany, initiated without the aid of princes, universities, or ecclesiastics, i, 378
Printing undertakings, in Florence, Bologna, Milan, Rome, and Venice, up to 1500, i, 327
Printing-press, service of the, for the Reformation, ii, 218; in France, regulations for the control of, ii, 437 ff.
Printing-presses, in Venice, at the close of the 16th century, ii, 367; reduction in the number of, under the papal censorship, ii, 384
Privileges, in England, ii, 465 ff., 468 ff.; and regulations in Germany, ii, 407 ff.; imperial, in Germany, ii, 416 ff.; in Holland, ii, 332; and censorship in Italy, ii, 343 ff.; the terms of, in Venice, ii, 350 ff.; summary of, in Venice, ii, 486
Probi Vita, cited, i, 9
Procopius, history of the campaign of Belisarius, i, 20
Property in literature, summary of the diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 ff.
Protestant tracts, distribution of, in Germany, ii, 249
Proto-typographer, the, of the Netherlands, ii, 272 ff.
Prussia, book production in, ii, 425; earlier legislation of, in regard to copyright, ii, 506
Publishers and printers in Paris, the guild of, ii, 453 ff.
Publishing, by subscription in England, ii, 436; methods in Germany, the earlier, i, 429 ff.; in Venice, burdens upon, in the 17th century, ii, 393
Puteanus, ii, 309
Pütter, concerning privileges in Germany, ii, 415
Pynson, Richard, King’s printer, ii, 133, 138, 467
R
Rabanus, M., treatise by, De Instituto Clericorum, i, 116
Rabelais, a student in Montpellier, i, 196
Radegonde, Saint, i, 51
Radewijus, Florentius, i, 89
Rahn, Die Künste in der Schweiz, cited, i, 43 ff.
Raphelengius, ii, 282 ff., 294
Rapond, Dyne, banker and book-seller, i, 274 ff.
Ratdolt, printer-publisher of Augsburg, ii, 396
Rauchler, Johann, first Rector of Tübingen High School, i, 369
Ravenna, Peter of, ii, 345
Reading aloud at meals, i, 69
Reculfus, Bishop of Soissons, the Constitutions of, i, 117
Reformation, the, influence of, upon the literary activities of Germany, i, 224; literature of, sold under prohibitory regulations, i, 399; literature of, printed in Leipzig and in Wittenberg, i, 401; influence of, on the production of literature, ii, 26 ff.; the influence of, on publishing in Germany, ii, 152; an intellectual revolution, ii, 217
Regino, Abbot of Prüm, i, 57
Reinhart, Johann, an early printer of popular literature, i, 384 ff.
Renaissance, the, as the forerunner of the printing-press, i, 317 ff.
Renilde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53
Reno, Guillaume de, i, 85
Resbacense, catalogue of the library in monastery of, i, 128
Resch, publisher of Paris, ii, 442
Reuchlin, Johann, relations of with Aldus, i, 426 ff.; founder of Greek studies in Germany, i, 429; appointed professor in Ingolstadt, i, 429; ii, 172, 202, 226, 237
Rhaw, George, publisher for Luther, ii, 231
Rhenanus, Beatus, writes introduction for the works of Erasmus, i, 435; as corrector for Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21; on Froben, ii, 188; writes to Erasmus, ii, 232; death of, ii, 45
Rhenish-Celtic Society, ii, 414
Richard II., ii, 117
—— de Bury, on the Mendicant Friars, i, 148
—— of Wedinghausen, the preservation of his writing hand, i, 65
Richelieu, institutes the French Academy, ii, 458
Richer, French chronicler, i, 56
Rifformatori, the, of Venice, ii, 367; regulations of, in 1767, concerning the book-trade, ii, 397
Riquier, Saint, books possessed by the monks of, i, 97
Rivers, Earl, ii, 103, 122
Rivington, the House of, ii, 335
—— Charles, ii, 335
Robertson, quotes Montfaucon erroneously, i, 72; inaccurate statements of, concerning the prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; misquotes Muratori concerning monastery collection of books, i, 138
Rochelle, publishing operations in, ii, 452
Rodolphus of Fulda, i, 57
Roger of Wendover, historiographer of St. Albans, i, 104; Chronicles of, i, 56, 104 ff., 307
Rogers, J. E. Thorold, on early bookselling in England, i, 306
Rolewinck, the Outline History of the World by, i, 368
Romana Littera, definition of, i, 227
Romance writing in England in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 303 ff.
Romans, church of (in Dauphiny), destroyed six times, i, 133
Rome, as a book market in the seventh century, i, 226
Rood, Theodore, printer of Oxford, i, 242; ii, 137
Rooses, Max, ii, 256
Rouen, the manuscript-dealers of, i, 270
Royal privileges in England, ii, 468 ff.
Royes, Joseph, ii, 140
Rufus, Mutianus, letter of, concerning the interference of war with literature, i, 431
Rühel and Sulfisch secure a privilege for Luther’s Bible, ii, 235
Rule of S. Benedict, the original MSS. destroyed in the monastery of Teano, i, 133
Ruppel, Berthold, first printer of Basel, i, 392
Rusch, Adolph, printer-publisher and paper-dealer, i, 384
S
Sabellico, Antonio, ii, 345, 488
Sachs, Hans, ii, 243 ff.
Sachsenspiegel, early editions of the, i, 392
St. Albans, literary work in the monastery of, i, 69; the abbey of, i, 102; the scriptorium and library of, i, 102; the Chronicles of, i, 104; printing in, ii, 137; The Book of, ii, 138
St. Gall, monastery of, i, 40; work of the nuns of, i, 55; curious inscription in a manuscript of, i, 73; the abbey of, i, 125; decadence in monastery of, during the 13th century, i, 84
Salamanca, the monastery of, i, 196
Salerno, the school of, i, 182
Sallengre, M. de, ii, 72
Salmasius (Saumaise).
Sanuto, Marino, ii, 357
Saracens, destroy monasteries in Italy, i, 132
Sarpi, Fra Paolo, ii, 372 ff.; and the interdict, ii, 384; formulates the scheme of a legitimate Index, ii, 389
Saumaise (Salmasius), ii, 315 ff.
Saxony, censorship in, ii, 244
Saxon literature, early, i, 91
Scævola, ii, 56
Scaliger, ii, 64 ff., 304
Scapula, Joannes, plagiarist, ii, 81
Schedd, the Chronicle of, ii, 171
Scheffel’s, Der treue Ekkehart, i, 127
Schöffer, Peter, printer, admitted as a citizen in Frankfort, i, 288, 359; employed by Gutenberg, i, 372; taken into partnership by Fust, i, 373; Impressor Librorum, i, 375; appointed agent for the University of Paris, i, 376; suit of, against Inkus, i, 376; summary of the publishing undertakings of, i, 378 ff.; establishes an agency in Paris, ii, 7, 178
Schönsperger, publisher of Augsburg, ii, 225, 229
Schools, the earlier monastery, i, 106
Schoolbooks in manuscript, prices of, i, 284, 286; prices of, in North Germany, in the 15th century, i, 300
Schott, Johann, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414
Schürer, printer of Strasburg, ii, 200
Schurmann, opinion of, concerning the imperial control of literature, ii, 417
Schweinheim, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405
Scolar, Johannes, ii, 137
Scott’s Elizabethan Translations from the Italian, cited, ii, 144
Scotus, Erigena, appointed master of the palace school at Tours, i, 116
Scribes, of African and Eastern monasteries, i, 33; monastic privileges of, i, 69; licensed for German towns, i, 294 ff.; of Germany, carry on their work in the porches of the churches and cathedrals, i, 295
Scrimger, Henry, ii, 68
Scripta notaria, i, 43
Scriptorium, the consecration of the, i, 61; form of benediction for, i, 76
Seanachies, an order of Celtic bards, i, 49
Séguier, Chancellor of France, ii, 457
Selden, the Mare Clausum of, ii, 308
Senate, the Venetian, takes action to protect the printing-press, ii, 391
Seneca, maxim of, i, 195
Senis, Guidomarus de, librarius and poet, i, 273
Sens, Council of, ii, 22
Sensenschmid of Eger, ii, 150
Servetus, ii, 52, 54
Sforza, Francesco, i, 337
Shakespeare’s plays, sources of certain of the plots of, ii, 145
Shakespeare, published works of, ii, 146
Scheurl, writes to Campeggi, ii, 246
Ship of Fools, the, first English edition of, ii, 139
Sidney, Sir Philip, ii, 84
Sidonius, Caius Sollius Apollinaris, i, 5, 6, 7
Sigismund, John, ii, 425
Silvius, Æneas, the Europa of, i, 281
——, William, ii, 287, 294 ff.
Simler, Josias, ii, 376
Simmons, Samuel, ii, 147
Simon, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103
Sintram, noteworthy as a copyist, i, 126
Sisebut, King, pupil of Isidore, i, 36
Sithiu, the monks of, secure from Charlemagne hunting privileges, i, 124
Sixtus V., and the Tridentine Index, ii, 377
Slovenic versions of the writings of the Reformers, ii, 230
Soardi, publisher of Venice, ii, 354
Socinus, Lelius, and Faustus, ii, 52, 53
Solomon, Abbot of St. Gall, the vocabulary of, i, 126
Somerset, Duchess of, ii, 127
Soncino, the first Hebrew Bible printed in, i, 459
Sorbonne, college of the, the foundation of, i, 216; the special functions of, i, 217; the Doctors of the, ii, 19 ff., 47 ff.; Theological Faculty of, ii, 29 ff.; relations of the, with Robert Estienne, ii, 49 ff.
Sorg, printer-publisher of Augsburg, i, 396
Southampton, Earl of, ii, 146
Spain, monasteries in, destroyed by the Moors, i, 132; the early universities of, i, 196; activity of the Moorish scholars in, i, 253 ff.; manuscript-dealers of, in the fifteenth century, i, 313
Spalatin, librarian of the Elector of Saxony, i, 432
Spalato, Archbishop of, ii, 388
“Spanish Fury,” the, ii, 273
Speculum Humanæ Salvationis, i, 352
Spengler, Syndic of Nuremberg, ii, 237
Speyer, John of, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246, 344
Spiegel, Jacob, supervisor of literature, ii, 420
Spottswood, ii, 96
Stab, Johann, secures an imperial privilege, ii, 419
Stadius, John, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414
Stadtschreiber, licensed for the cities of North Germany, i, 283
Star-Chamber, the, relations of, to the supervision of the Press, ii, 470
Stathoen, Herman von, librarius of Paris, i, 270
Stationarii, i, 10; first use of the term, i, 184 ff.; of the German universities, i, 220; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 ff.; status of, in Oxford, i, 310 ff.
Stationarii peciarum, functions of, i, 191
Stationers’ Company, organisation of the, in England, i, 219; charter granted to, i, 219, 311; ii, 365, 465 ff.; regulations of, ii, 469 ff.
Stationers’ Hall, the, of London, i, 311
Stavelot, Johann of, work as a scribe, i, 87
Stenzel, Thomas, historian, cited, i, 59
Stephani (or Estiennes), ii, 15 ff.
Stephanus, Robertus, see Estienne.
Stereotyping, date of invention of, ii, 329
Strasburg, library of the Cathedral of, i, 301; an early publishing centre, i, 381; and the writings of Luther, ii, 246
Strozzi, Palla degli, i, 327 ff.
Studia publica or generalia, i, 181
Subiaco, the monastery of, i, 12; the place of the first printing in Italy, i, 404
Subscription method of publishing in England, ii, 435 ff.
Suger, Abbot, historian, i, 58
Sully, ii, 96
Sylvester II., ii, 480
Symonds, J. A., The Renaissance in Italy, of, i, 319 ff.
T
Tacitus, important manuscript of, secured in Corvey, i, 301
Tegernsee, the monks of, i, 39; the monastery of, a place of book production, i, 86
Terms used in scribe work, i, 42 ff.
Terracina, monopoly granted to, ii, 347
Testament, the New, edition by Erasmus, ii, 205 ff.; Lutheran version of, ii, 223 ff.
Text-books in manuscript, prices of, i, 286
Thafar, Al-baghdádé, chief among Moorish scribes, i, 254
Thausing, M., concerning the work of Dürer, ii, 409
Theodadad, King of the Goths, i, 20
Theodoric, King of the Goths and the Romans, i, 9, 18; his Arian faith, i, 18; his toleration of the Athanasians due to Cassiodorus, i, 18
Theodosius II., as a scribe, i, 42
Theology, importance of the study of, in the University of Paris, i, 261
Theses, the ninety-five, ii, 222
Thirty Years’ War, the, ii, 290 ff.; influence of, on literary production, ii, 498
Thomaïtes, the Patriarch’s library in, i, 146
Thomson’s Seasons, ii, 472
Thurot, citation from, concerning methods of instruction in the Middle Ages, i, 216
Tilly, ii, 248
Tiphernas, ii, 23
Tiraboschi, i, 183
Tischendorf, Testament MSS. discovered by, i, 146
Tissard, Francis, furthers the study of Greek in Paris, ii, 10
Tonson, Jacob, ii, 148
Torquemada, see Turrecremata
——, Tomas, Inquisitor-General, i, 404
Torresano, father-in-law of Aldus, buys printing plant from Jenson, i, 411; unites his printing concern with that of Aldus, i, 420; takes over the business of Aldus, i, 438
Toulouse, Press of, ii, 92
Tousé, Guillaume, publisher of Paris, sends out travellers, i, 218
Towton, battle of, ii, 116
Traversari, Ambrosio, makes reference to the book-shops of Florence, i, 235
Trevers, printer of London, ii, 468
Tridentine Index, the, ii, 375 ff.
Trithemius (Johann Trittenheim), Abbot of Sponheim, i, 21, 22; cited, i, 71; rebukes his monks, i, 73 ff.; writes De Laude Scriptorum, i, 88, 359, 366
Truber, Primus, ii, 229
Trutwetter, ii, 238
Tübingen, as a publishing centre, ii, 229 ff.
Turrecremata, Juan, Cardinal, introduces printing into Italy, i, 404; invites to Rome Hahn, printer, of Ingolstadt, i, 406
Tyndale, William, ii, 140
Type, fonts of, used by the earlier Italian printers, i, 412; style of, used by the Kobergers, ii, 164
U
Ulfilas, ii, 306
Ulm, the magistracy of, protects the contracts of Schöffer, i, 377; the early printers of, i, 397
Ulpian Library, in Rome, i, 8, 9
Ulrich III., Abbot of Michelsberg, i, 85
Ungnad, the Freiherr of, ii, 230
University, definition of the term, i, 181; the term defined by Malden, i, 199
—— of Paris, controls the book-trade of the city, i, 214; regulations of, concerning book-dealers, i, 263 ff.; publishes an Index Expurgatorius, ii, 373
Universities, early, influence of the, upon the education of the monasteries, i, 85; the making of books in the, i, 178 ff.; the historians of the, i, 180; of Europe, character of the membership of the earlier, i, 221; of France, members of, exempted from taxes, etc., i, 199; of Germany, the earlier text-books of, i, 220; of Spain, i, 196
Unkel, Bartholomäus, prints in Low German, the Sachsenspiegel, i, 388
Urbanus orders books from Aldus, i, 425
Urbino, the ducal library of, i, 366
V
Valdarfer, prints the first edition of the Decameron in Florence, i, 325; printer of Milan, i, 447
Valla, Laurentius (or Lorenzo), exposes the fraudulent character of the Donation of Constantine, i, 83, 331; ii, 227; writings of, printed in Paris, ii, 10, 203; compensation paid to, i, 329; literary controversies of, i, 332 ff.
Valladolid, the Index of, ii, 270
Vandals, besiege Hippo, i, 4
Van Dyck, Anthony, ii, 307
——, Christophe, ii, 307
Van Praet, ii, 108
Vascosanus, ii, 25
Vatablus, ii, 36, 45
Vavasseur, ii, 72
Venice, relations of, to the manuscript-trade, i, 234, 242; development of the manuscript-trade of, i, 242, 243; the academy of, i, 345; takes the lead in the printing undertakings of Italy, i, 407 ff.; the Senate of, prohibits the exportation of rags, i, 409; facilities of, as a centre of trade, and for publishing undertakings, i, 409 ff.; the wars of, i, 420; Protectionist policy of, ii, 347; earliest legislation in, concerning literature, ii, 359 ff.; relations of, with Germany, ii, 376; requirements for the matriculation of booksellers of, ii, 396
Venetian book-trade, last contests of, with Rome, ii, 401 ff.
Vérard, Anthony, printer in Paris, ii, 8
Vercelli, the University of, i, 183; early regulations in University of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188
Vere, the Lady of, ii, 197
Vergetius, ii, 42
Verlags- und Drück-Privilegien, ii, 426
Verona, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228; the manuscript-dealers of, i, 246
Vespasiano, author, dealer in manuscripts, book collector and librarian, i, 235, 247 ff., 341 ff., 365
Victorius, Petrus, ii, 67 ff.
Vidouvé, ii, 23
Vienna, regulations for the copyists in the University of, i, 220; book-trade in the University of, i, 279; the Cathedral of S. Stephen in, a centre of the book-trade, i, 283
Viliaric, a Gothic scribe, i, 43; an antiquarius, i, 245
Virgil, an Italian conjurer, i, 143
Visconti, Filippo Maria, i, 335
——, Galeazzo, i, 183
Visigoths, code of laws of, i, 225
Vitalis, Ordericus, Chronicles of, i, 56, 60, 307
Vitensis, Victor, cited, i, 3
Vitet, concerning the Press in France in the sixteenth century, ii, 450
Vivaria, or Viviers, monastery of, founded, i, 10
Voyage Littéraire de Deux Religieux Benedictins, i, 131
Vüc, Joorquin de, bookseller to Duke Philip of Burgundy, i, 289
Vycey, Thomas, earliest stationarius recorded in London, i, 312
W
Waldorfer, see Valdarfer
Wandrille, Saint, Chronicles of the monastery of, i, 227
Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 215
Warton, describes the library of the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97
Wattenbach, Das Schriftwesen, etc., cited, i, 38 ff.
Wearmouth, library collected for the monastery of, i, 95
Weissenburger, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 221
Wendover, Roger of, see under Roger.
Wenzel, King of Bohemia, buys books in Paris, i, 218, 261
Westminster, Caxton’s printing-office at, ii, 113
White, Andrew, ii, 147
Wilfred, Saint, institutes the Benedictine monasteries, organises monastic schools, initiates instruction in music, i, 94
Willems, Alphonse, ii, 286
Willer, bookseller of Augsburg, prints the first classified catalogue known to the German book-trade, i, 397
William, Abbot of Hirschau, i, 70, 71; defends the cause of the Pope against the Emperor, i, 82
Wimpfeling, Jacob, on the intellectual supremacy of the Germans, ii, 162, 168
Windelin, secures a monopoly of printing in Venice, i, 408
Windesheim, the nuns of, producers of books, i, 90
Wipo, the Tetralogus of, i, 225
Witigis, defeated by Belisarius, i, 20
Wittenberg as a publishing centre, ii, 233, 248
Wittikind, of Corvey, i, 58
Wittwer, Wilhelm, the catalogue of, i, 87
Wohlrabe, prints in Leipzig piracy editions of Lutheran literature, i, 402
Wolf, publisher of Basel, ii, 225
Wolff von Prunow, Bibliopola of Heidelberg, i, 289
Women as book-dealers in Paris, i, 211
Women medical students in Salerno, i, 182
Worde, Wynken de, ii, 125, 133 ff., 468 ff.
Worms, the Diet of, ii, 266; Edict of, ii, 241
Wright, Thomas, on the early English romances, i, 305
Wulfstan, Bishop of York, sermons of, i, 101
X
Xylography, i, 350
Y
York Cathedral, the library of, i, 108
York-Powell, and Vigfusson, Corpus Poeticum Boreale, of, i, 92
Z
Zainer, printer of Augsburg, i, 396
Zane, Archbishop of Spalato, ii, 354
Zarotus, printer of Milan, i, 447
Zasius, Ulrich, i, 173, 174; ii, 432
Zell, Matthäus, ii, 246
——, Ulrich, the first printer of Cologne, i, 292, 359, 387; ii, 109, 110, 136
Zeno, libraire of Paris in the fourteenth century, schedule of his books, i, 271
Ziegelbauer, Observationes Literariæ S. Benedicti of, i, 122; statistics of, concerning the monastery libraries, i, 135
Zink, Burkard, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41
Zosimus, Pope, the canons of, i, 116
Zurich, early printers of, i, 396
Zwingli, publishing arrangements of, i, 396; friend of Zasius, ii, 174; letters of, to Rhenanus, ii, 185 ff., 253

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