FOOTNOTES:
[1] Italy and Her Invaders, ii., 246.
[2] Victor Vitensis, cited by Hodgkin, ii., 247.
[3] Italy, ii., 297, 298.
[4] For this form of the name I am following the authority of Hodgkin.
[5] Italy, ii., 319.
[6] Cited by Hodgkin, iv., 119, 120.
[7] Vita Probi, ii., cited by Hodgkin.
[8] The Letters of Cassiodorus. Translated, with an Introduction, by Thomas Hodgkin, London, 1884, p. 57.
[9] Letters of Cassiodorus, p. 59.
[10] Cassiodorus, Letters, 8.
[11] Cassiodorus, Letters, 14.
[12] Variæ, ii., 17.
[13] Hic post aliquot conversionis suæ annos abbas electus est, et monasterio multo tempore utiliter præfuit.—Quoted by Migne, Patrologia, lxix., 498.
(He was elected abbot here several years after his conversion, and for a long time he ruled the monastery wisely.)
[14] Letters of Cassiodorus, 54.
[15] Italy, iv., 391.
[16] Franz, Cassiodorus, p. 42.
[17] De Institutione Div. Litt. xxx. Letters, 57.
[18] In chapter xv., after cautioning his copyists against rash corrections of apparent faults in the Sacred MSS., he says: Ubicunque paragrammata in disertis hominibus [Hodgkin interprets this term as referring to classical authors] reperta fuerunt, intrepidus vitiosa recorrigat. (Wherever mistakes in syntax are found in classical authors, he fearlessly corrects them.) The larger part of chapter xxviii. is devoted to an argument against respuere sæcularium literarum studia (rejecting the study of secular literature).
[19] From the version by Clark.
[20] Clark, 15.
[21] Montalembert, ii., 45.
[22] Hodgkin, Italy, iv., 497, 498.
[23] The Dark Ages, London, 1845, Preface.
[24] Gesch. des Gallo-Frankischen Unterrichts und Bildungs-wesens von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf Karl den Grossen, Mainz, 1892, p. 37.
[25] Montalembert, The Monks of the West, i., 225.
[26] Epistle, 225. Cited by Montalembert.
[27] Denk, 127.
[28] Liv. v. Primum Regum, ch. xxx., Sec. 30. Montalembert, i., p. 144.
[29] Ozanam, La Civilisation Chrétienne chez les Francs, c. 9.
[30] Koepke, Otton. Studien, ii., p. 387.
[31] Ep. 130.
[32] Wattenbach, Das Schriftwesen im Mittelalter, p. 396.
[33] Dümmler, Anselm der Peripatetiker, 32.
[34] Grimm, J., Kleine Schriften, v., 190.
[35] Pez, Thes., vi., 2.
[36] Das Schriftwesen, p. 399.
[37] Barstch, im anz. d. Germ. Mus., v. 293.
[38] Paris, 1852, page 54.
[39] Géraud, Paris sous Philippe-le-Bel, 1837, p. 506.
[40] Lalanne, Curiosités Bibl., p. 318.
[41] Die Chroniken der Deutschen Stadte, v., 129.
[42] Barack, Handschriften zu Donaueschingen, p. 564.
[43] Wattenbach, 351.
[44] Wattenbach, 351.
[45] Rahn, Gesch. der Bildenden Künste in der Schweiz, i., 34.
[46] Massmann, Die Goth. Urkunden von Neapel und Arezzo, Wien, 1838, 402.
[47] Wattenbach, 90.
[48] Wattenbach, 357.
[49] De Remediis Utriusque Fortunæ, lib. i., dial. 43.
[50] Ep. vi., Ad Flor., i., 19.
[51] Festilogium of Angus the Culdee. Quoted by O’Curry.
[52] Montalembert, iii., 122.
[53] Montalembert, iii., 127.
[54] Montalembert, iii., 193.
[55] Adamnani, Vita S. Columbæ, edit. J. T. Forster, Introduction.
[56] Montalembert, vi., 167.
[57] Montalembert, vi., 169.
[58] Fortunat. Oper., lib. viii., c. i.
[59] Théâtre de Hroswitha, Paris, 1857.
[60] Hist. Litt. de France, ix., 130.
[61] Engelhart, Herrad von Landsberg und ihr Werk, Stuttgart, 1818.
[62] Görres, Histor. Polit. Blätter, xviii., 482.
[63] Père Cahier, c. i., 215.
[64] Mabillon, Traité, etc., 39.
[65] Montalembert, iv., 174.
[66] Vita Cæsarii, i., 33, 375.
[67] Vita Harlindis et Reinilæ (written between 850 and 880), p. 5.
[68] Montalembert, iv., 375.
[69] Rockinger, ii., 7.
[70] Leuter, Hist. Wessofont., i., 166.
[71] Rockinger, ii., 13.
[72] De Laude Scriptorum, ii., 697. Paris, 1708.
[73] Recherches sur la Bretagne, 579.
[74] Marsham, Προπύλαιον, in Monast. Anglican., i.
[75] De Excidio Britannorum, London, 1586.
[76] Mont., iv., 204.
[77] Mabillon, Annal. Bened., book lxxii., ch. xlvi.
[78] Gesch. der Frank. Kaiser, ii., 15, 16.
[79] Mont., vi., 213.
[80] Mont., vi., 215.
[81] Vitalis, book iii., chap. xv.
[82] D’Achéry, in Not. Oper. Guibert Novig.
[83] Ziegelbauer, ii., 520.
[84] Mont., vi., 185.
[85] Mont., vi., 186.
[86] Giesebrecht, De Litter. Studiis apud Italos, 52.
[87] Epist., i., 55.
[88] Petri Dam. Opusc., c. ix., p. 635.
[89] Mont., vi., 188.
[90] Martene, De Antiq. Monach. Ritibus, book iv., c. xviii., p. 289.
[91] Mont., vi., 191.
[92] Mont., vi., 194.
[93] Mabillon, Analect., book iv., p. 448.
[94] Ordericus Vitalis, cited by Mabillon, A. S. ix., 137.
[95] Cæsar. Heisterb., xii., 47. W. Schmidt. Im Anz. des Germ. Mus. Iq., 328-366.
[96] Ulphilæ Fragm., 380.
[97] Zur Handschriftenkunde, 138-140.
[98] Alcuin and the Rise of the Christian Schools, 73.
[99] Gesta Abb. Fontanell., iii., 16. Mon. Germ., xi., 292.
[100] Mon. Germ., ii., 95.
[101] Laurisheim, in Hesse-Darmstadt.
[102] Reifferscheid, lvi., 451.
[103] Maitland, 371.
[104] Winter, Die Cisterc., ii., 145.
[105] Cited by Maitland, 341.
[106] Delisle, Recherches sur l’Ancienne Bibliothèque de Corbie, xxiv., 288.
[107] Maitland, 40.
[108] Canis. Ant. Lect. ii., 230, cited by Maitland.
[109] Martene, Voy. Lit., 67.
[110] Wanley, Cat. Lib. Sept., p. 152.
[111] Martene, Voy. Lit., 56.
[112] Mait., 405.
[113] Pez, Thes. Anecd. Noviss. Diss. Isagog. in tom. i., 20.
[114] Voy. Lit., 99.
[115] Nouv. Traité de Diplom., iii., 190, cited by Mait., 407.
[116] Ap. Nomast. Cisterc., cap. lxxxvii., 272.
[117] Herimanni Narratio Rest. Abb. S. Martini Torn., 79; Ap. Dach. Spicileg., ii., 913.
[118] Mait., 414.
[119] Mait., 416.
[120] Mabillon, Anal., iv., 448.
[121] A Missal, containing, in addition to its usual contents, the Epistles and Gospels.
[122] Pez, Thes. Anec. Noviss. Diss. Isagog. in tom. i., p. 20.
[123] Mont. vi., p. 445.
[124] Trithemius, 235, 268.
[125] Trithemius, 266.
[126] Neugart, Cod. Dipl. Alem., ii., 334-338.
[127] Oper. Inedita, ed. Brewer, ii., p. 13.
[128] Pez, Thes., Diss., i., p. 4.
[129] Mon. Germ. SS., xiii., 557.
[130] Delprat, p. 324.
[131] Johann Busch, Chron. Wind., ii., 35, 409.
[132] Libn. SS. Brunswick, ii., 855.
[133] Turner’s History of the Anglo-Saxons, iv., c. 3.
[134] Montalembert, iv., 464.
[135] Ang. Sac., ii., 21.
[136] Ibid., i., 470.
[137] Chron. Centul. ap. Dach. Sp., ii., 311.
[138] Liv. lviii., chap. lii., p. 424.
[139] Mab., A. S., vii., 36.
[140] Maitland, 202.
[141] Sweet, H. King Alfred’s version of Gregory’s Pastoral Care. Early English Text Society. Lond., 1871-1872.
[142] Maitland, 29.
[143] Collect., iii., 7, 17.
[144] Descriptive catalogue of materials relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. iii., preface.
[145] Wilkins, Monast., ii., 708.
[146] Dugd., Monast., iii., 309.
[147] Ap. Gale. ser., xiv., 311.
[148] See p. 95.
[149] Alcuin, 31.
[150] Cited by West, 34.
[151] Alcuin, 42.
[152] Version of West, 102.
[153] Ep. 101, Migne; 112., Jaffé, cited by West.
[154] Wattenbach, p. 362.
[155] West, 72.
[156] Wattenbach, 366.
[157] Alcuin, 92.
[158] Alcuin, 122, 123.
[159] Mullinger, 197.
[160] Lib. i., cap. xiii., Ap. Bib. Pat., tom. x., 572, cited by Maitland.
[161] Alcuin, 134.
[162] Const., ix., 418.
[163] Alcuin, 164.
[164] Ziegelbauer, i., 326.
[165] Rise and Institution of Universities, 26.
[166] Schools of Charles the Great, 8.
[167] Cited by West, Alcuin, II.
[168] Aug. Vindeloc, 4 vols., 1784.
[169] Cassiod., Inst., ch. xxiii.
[170] Mabillon, Traité, 43, 44.
[171] Epist. ad Rustic.
[172] Epist. ad Occam. Quoted by Mabillon, 80.
[173] History of Poetry, dissert. ii.
[174] Montalembert, 147.
[175] Digby, Mores Catholica, x., 242.
[176] Ekk. in Cassib., c. i., p. 20.
[177] Ekkehart, Lib. Benedict., 345.
[178] Ibid., 247.
[179] Ekkehart, in Cassib., c. x.
[180] Arx, i., 260.
[181] Mabillon, Réflexions sur la Réponse de M. l’Abbé de la Trappe, i., 199.
[182] Giesebrecht. Quoted by Montalembert, vi., 150.
[183] Denk, 260.
[184] Denk, 270.
[185] D’Achéry, Spicill., ii., 77 (Vita S. Eligii).
[186] Mab., Traité, vii., 187.
[187] Prov. Bib. Pat., x., 1179.
[188] Maitland, 364.
[189] Ingulph, Ap. Gale. ser., v. 23.
[190] Maitland, 229.
[191] Voy. Lit., 252, cited by Maitland.
[192] Voy. Lit., ii., 13.
[193] Maitland, 200 (cited also by Wattenbach, see p. 112).
[194] Loup Ferrar, Epist., 62.
[195] Mont., vii., 178.