First course in biology

I, V, X, etc. = Introduction: P = Plant Biology: A = Animal Biology: H = Human Biology.

• Aboral surface, A 35.
• Aborted seeds, P 166.
• Absorption, H 106.
• Abutilon, P 156.
• Accessory fruit, P 164, 169.
• Accommodation in eye, H 143, 153.
• Acephala, A 107.
• Acid, ix.
• Adaptation to environment, P 6, A 148, 185, 201, 205, 207, H 19, 108, 109, 110.
• Adenoid growths, H 86.
• Adipose tissue, H 12.
• Adulteration of food, H 93.
• Adventitious roots, P 36; buds, P 114.
• Aerial roots, P 34.
• Aggregate fruit, P 168.
• Air cells, H 75.
• Air plants, P 35.
• Akenes, P 165.
• Albinism, H 16, 18.
• Albumen, H 92.
• Albumin, H 92.
• Alcohol and circulation, H 67; and fermentation, H 158; and food, H 113; and muscles, H 50; and nerves, H 135; and skin, H 20.
• Algar, P 179, 183, 195.
• Alkaline, ix.
• Alternation of generation, P 179, A 30, 31.
• Ambulacral, A 36.
• Ameba, A 10.
• Americans, H 1.
• Anadon, A 98.
• Anatomy, H 9.
• Anemophilous, P 149.
• Animal food, H 95, 110.
• Annual plant, P 17.
• Antelope, A 215.
• Antennæ, A 68, 87.
• Anther, P 135, 144, 180.
• Antheridium, P 178, 186, 198, 200, 202, 203.
• Ant-eater, giant, A 199; spiny, A 196.
• Ant-lion, A 91.
• Ape, A 220.
• Apical dehiscence, P 166.
• Appendicitis, H 106.
• Appendix, vermiform, H 106.
• Appetite, H 94, 110.
• Aptera, A 82.
• Apteryx, A 174.
• Aquarium, A 17.
• Archegonium, P 178, 198, 200, 202, 203.
• Argonaut, paper, A 107.
• Arm, H 33.
• Armadillo, A 200.
• Arrowhead, H 2.
• Arteries, H 51, 53, 54, 61.
• Arthropoda, A 9, 125.
• Arum family, P 140.
• Ash, P 92.
• Asiatic cholera, H 160.
• Assimilation, P 97, H 90.
• Association fibers, H 123, 126.
• Asthma, H 86.
• Astigmatism, H 144.
• Athletics, H 46, 47.
• Atwater’s experiments, H 113.
• Auricle, H 53.
• Automatic action, H 123.
• Axil, P 112.
• Axis, plant, P 15.
• Axon, H 119.
• Bacillus, H 158, 159.
• Bacteria, P 39, 109, 182, H 158, 159, 160, 161.
• Bandage, H 62.
• Barberry, P 157, 193.
• Bark, P 54, 66, 67.
• Bark-bound trees, P 54.
• Bast, P 61, 66.
• Bat, A 202.
• Baths, H 23, 24.
• Batrachia, A 126.
• Bean, P 20, 28, 39, 194, H 95, 96, 112.
• Beaver, A 204.
• Bedbug, A 92, 93.
• Bee, bumble, A 89; honey, A 88.
• Beebe’s Experiments, Dr., H 113.
• Beef, H 111; tea, H 111.
• Beetle, A 90, 91.
• Berry, P 167.
• Biennial plant, P 17.
• Big-headed turtle, A 149.
• Bilateral, A 34, 49, 98.
• Bile, H 105.
• Bill of bird, A 151.
• Biology defined, A 1, H 9.
• Birds, A 150.
• Blind spot, H 151.
• Blood, H 58; quantity of, H 55; of insects, A 78.
• Blood vessels, H 52; control of, H 58.
• Board of Health, H 163.
• Boll weevil, A 95, 96.
• Boll worm, A 95, 96.
• Bones, H 29; composition of, H 31; growth of, H 14, 36; forms of, H 28, 29, 34; structure of, H 30.
• Bony tissue, H 13.
• Borax, H 93.
• Brace cells, P 67.
• Bracts, P 134.
• Brain, H 122; coverings of, H 125; of fish, A 118.
• Branch, P 111, A 9.
• Breathing, forms of, H 80; of bird, A 161; of insect, A 76; through mouth, H 85.
• Breeding, plant, P 7, 8.
• Bronchial tubes, H 75.
• Bruises, H 62.
• Bryophytes, P 181.
• Bud propagation, P 121.
• Budding, P 127, 128.
• Buds, P 72, 82, 87, 111; flower, P 115; fruit, P 115.
• Bureau of entomology, A 95.
• Burns, H 24.
• Burs, P 172, 174.
• Bushes, P 191, A 171.
• Butterfly, A 83.
• Cabbage, P 113, H 95.
• Cabbage butterfly, A 84, 86, 87.
• Callus, P 56.
• Calyx, P 133.
• Cambium, P 63, 65.
• Camel, A 214.
• Candle, xv, A 5.
• Cane sugar, H 92, 104.
• Capillaries, H 52, 53, 56.
• Capsule, P 165.
• Carbohydrate, P 95, H 91, 95.
• Carbon, vii, xviii, P 92.
• Carbon, dioxid, A 24, P 22, 93, 106, H 60, 76, 81, 132; monoxid, H 85.
• Carnivorous, P 99, H 111.
• Carp, A 112, 117, 123.
• Carpel, P 136.
• Cartilage, H 13, 35.
• Castor bean, P 24.
• Cat, A 184.
• Caterpillar, tent, A 84.
• Catkin, P 158.
• Caucasian, H 1, 2.
• Caulicle, P 20, 22, 25.
• Cedar apple, P 194.
• Cell, P 42, 63, 145, 176, A 6, 7, H 5, 6.
• Celom, A 46.
• Cephalopod, A 106.
• Cerebellum, H 122, 124.
• Cerebro-spinal system, H 128, 129.
• Cerebrum, H 122, 125, 126.
• Chelonia, A 143.
• Chemistry, xv.
• Chemical symbols, xv.
• Chest, H 32.
• Chewing, H 90, 101.
• Chimpanzee, A 219, 221.
• Chirping, A 66.
• Chitin, A 77.
• Chlorophyll, P 86, 94, 101, 183, 186.
• Cholera, H 160.
• Choroid, H 150, 152.
• Chyme, H 103.
• Cigarettes, H 67, 86.
• Cilia, A 14, 20, 101, 103, H 76.
• Ciliated chamber, A 17.
• Cion, P 125.
• Circulation, H 51; and breathing, H 58; and exercise, H 67; hygiene of, H 68; in ameba, A 12; in insect, A 77; in fish, A 117; portal, H 60, 105; pulmonary, H 60; renal, H 60.
• City, H 4.
• Cladophylla, P 100.
• Clam, hardshell, A 104; softshell, A 104.
• Class, A 9.
• Classification, of animals, A 8, 125; of birds, A 177; insects, A 82; mammals, A 193.
• Cleft graft, P 126.
• Cleft leaf, P 75.
• Cleistogamous, P 151.
• Click-beetle, A 91.
• Climate, and clothing, H 25; and brain work, H 68; and early man, H 2.
• Climbing plants, P 129.
• Clitellum, A 43, 47.
• Cloaca, A 18.
• Clot, H 61.
• Clothes moth, A 84, 92, 93.
• Clothing, H 16, 25.
• Clover, P 39.
• Club mosses, P 203.
• Cluster, flower, P 155, 159; centrifugal, P 156, 159; centripetal, P 156; indeterminate, P 156.
• Coagulation, H 61.
• Cockroach, A 71.
• Cocoon, A 84.
• Codling moth, A 84, 86, 87, 95.
• Cœlenterata, A 28.
• Colds, care of, H 69, 86.
• Coleoptera, A 82.
• Collecting insects, A 72.
• Colon, H 106, 111.
• Colonies, plant, P 11.
• Colorado beetle, A 90, 91.
• Coloration, warning, A 84, 146; protective, A 34, 37, 49.
• Colors of flowers, A 85.
• Comparative study, A 85, 108, 122, 223; moth and butterfly, A 85.
• Composite flowers, P 140.
• Compositions, subjects for, H 15, 50, 116, 141.
• Compound substance, vii.
• Congestion, H 68.
• Conjugation, P 185.
• Conjunctiva, H 150.
• Connective tissue, H 11, 54, 120.
• Consumption, H 159.
• Convolution, H 126.
• Cooking, H 114.
• Coördination, H 124.
• Copper head, A 145.
• Coral, A 31.
• Coralline, A 31.
• Coral snake, A 145, 146.
• Cork, P 66, 67.
• Corn, P 3, 25, 26.
• Cornea, H 150.
• Corolla, P 133; funnel form, P 138; labiate, P 138; personate, P 139; rotate, P 138; salver form, P 138.
• Corpuscles, origin of, H 30; red, H 59; white, H 59, 60, 65, 68.
• Corset, H 58, 80, 87.
• Cortex, P 44.
• Corymb, P 159.
• Cotton plant, P 7, A 95.
• Cotyledon, P 20.
• Cricket, A 71.
• Cross-fertilization, A 25.
• Crowd poison, H 82.
• Cryptogam, P 176, 180, 183-204.
• Cuckoo, A 179.
• Currant, P 157.
• Cuttings, P 121, 123, 124.
• Cuttlefish, A 107.
• Cyme, P 159, 160.
• Cypræa, A 104.
• Cysts, A 13.
• Cytoplasm, H 6.
• Darwin, A 48, 148.
• Debates, subjects for, H 141.
• Deciduous, P 82.
• Decumbent, P 50.
• Degeneration, H 3, 4, 141.
• Dehiscence, P 144, 164.
• Deliquescent, P 51.
• Dendron, H 119.
• Dependent plants, P 106.
• Dermis, H 17.
• Devil’s horse, A 71.
• De Vries, A 148, 224.
• Dextrin, H 112.
• Diaphragm, H 77, 78.
• Dichogamy, P 144.
• Dicotyledon, P 20.
• Dicotyledonous stems, P 61.
• Digestion, P 95, H 89, 96, 100.
• Digitate, P 74.
• Digits, A 222, H 111.
• Dimorphous, P 144.
• Diœcious, P 138, 170.
• Diphtheria, H 160.
• Diptera, A 82.
• Disease, defined, H 5.
• Disinfection, H 163.
• Dispersal of seeds, P 172.
• Dissection, P 30.
• Division of labor, A 27, 29, H 8.
• Dodder, P 35, 106.
• Dog, A 224.
• Dolphin, A 209.
• Doodle bug, A 91.
• Dorsal, A 43.
• Dove, A 179.
• Dragon fly, A 93.
• Drainage, H 158, 161.
• Dropsy, H 64.
• Drugs, H 60, 130, 133.
• Drupe, P 168.
• Drupelet, P 168.
• Duckbill, A 196.
• Dust, H 82, 158.
• Ear, of bird, A 151; of frog, A 131; of fish, A 112; of man, H 154.
• Earthworm, A 42.
• Echinoderms, A 9, 34, 125.
• Ecology, P 14, H 9.
• Economic importance of birds, A 167; insects, A 93; mollusks, A 105; rodents, A 206.
• Ectoderm, A 26, 87.
• Ectoplasm, A 11, 14.
• Egg, of insect, A 81; of hen, H 95, 96, 112.
• Elaters, P 198.
• Element, viii.
• Embryo, P 26, 180.
• Embryo sac, P 180.
• Enamel, H 98.
• Endoderm, A 26, 27, 37.
• Endodermis, P 44.
• Endoplasm, A 11, 14.
• Endosperm, P 21, 24.
• Energy, H 96, 140; in ameba, A 12; organic, A 2, 3; plant, A 2, 3, 5.
• Entomophilous, P 148.
• Environment, P 6, A 148, H 2, 3, 4, 48.
• Enzyme, H 100.
• Epicotyl, P 23, 25.
• Epidermis, of leaf, P 86, 87; of man, H 17; of mussel, A 98.
• Epigeal, P 23.
• Epiphyte, P 35, 110.
• Epithelial, H 12, 54.
• Equisetums, P 201.
• Erect posture, H 3.
• Esophagus, H 74, 101.
• Essays, subjects for, H 15, 25, 50, 116.
• Essential organs, P 135.
• Ethiopian, H 12, 18.
• Evaporation, viii.
• Excretion, A 12.
• Excurrent, P 51.
• Exercise, H 45, 48, 49, 57, 67.
• Expiration, H 79.
• Explosive seeds, P 172.
• Eye, H 149; of bird, A 150; of frog, A 30; of grasshopper, A 67, 79; of fish, A 111.
• Fainting, H 57.
• Family, A 8.
• Fangs, venomous, A 145.
• Farmers’ bulletins, A 95.
• Fatigue, of muscles, H 45; of nerves, H 130, 131, 136.
• Fats, test for, xi.
• Fatty tissue, H 12, 103.
• Feather, A 155.
• Fehling’s solution, xi.
• Ferment, H 100, 103, 104, 158.
• Fermentation, P 190, H 158.
• Fern, P 176.
• Fertilization, P 144; cross, P 144, 146, A 85; self, P 145, 147, 188.
• Fiber, H 2.
• Fibrin, H 61.
• Fibro-vascular bundles, P 61, 90.
• Field study, P 3, 6, 8, 14, 19, 27, 46, 57, 71, 84, 91, 101, 110, 118, 128, 132, 143, 152, 162, 170, 174, 181, A 10, 22, 42, 71, 72, 97, 127, 165, 166, 167, 184.
• Filament, P 135.
• Filter, H 163.
• Fins, A 110, 113.
• Flagellum, A 21, 27.
• Flatworm, A 49.
• Flavors, H 142, 147.
• Flea, A 92, 93.
• Flight, of bird, A 157, 175; of moth, A 84.
• Floral envelopes, P 133.
• Florets, P 140.
• Flower, P 133, 180, A 85; apetalous, P 136; clusters, P 155; complete, P 136; diclinous, P 137; double, P 142; imperfect, P 137; incomplete, P 136; lateral, P 136; naked, P 136; perfect, P 137; pistillate, P 137; regular, P 138; staminate, P 137; sterile, P 137; solitary, P 156; terminal, P 156.
• Fly, horse, A 81; house, A 92, 93.
• Foliage, P 16.
• Follicle, P 165.
• Food, H 88; defined, H 114; of birds, A 177.
• Food stuffs, H 91.
• Food tube, of bird, A 163; of fish, A 116; of insect, A 76; of man, H 97; of mussel, A 102.
• Foot, H 29.
• Foraminifera, A 15, 18.
• Forestry, P 68.
• Formaldehyde, H 163.
• Formalin, H 93.
• Framework of plant, P 15.
• Frog, A 128.
• Frond, P 176, 178, 181.
• Fruit, P 163, H 95.
• Fucus, P 186.
• Funaria, P 201.
• Function, A 1, H 9.
• Fungi, P 187.
• Fungus, P 107, 108, 184, 187, 195.
• Gametophyte, P 179.
• Gamopetalous, P 134.
• Gamosepalous, P 134.
• Ganglion, A 45, H 120.
• Ganglionic system, H 127.
• Garbage, H 163.
• Gasteropod, A 108.
• Gastric juice, H 103.
• Gastrula, A 7.
• General sensation, H 144, 145.
• Generation of plants, P 16.
• Genus, A 8.
• Geographical barriers, A 148.
• Geotropism, P 44, 47.
• Germination, P 22, 23, 27.
• Gila monster, A 147.
• Gills, of mussel, A 100; of fish, A 115.
• Glands, lymphatic, H 65.
• Gland tissue, H 13.
• Glomerule, P 160.
• Gnawing mammals, A 203.
• Gopher, pouched, A 204.
• Gorilla, A 221.
• Grafting, P 125.
• Grain, H 95, 112.
• Grantia, A 18.
• Grape sugar, x, H 88, 92.
• Grasshopper, A 70.
• Grit cells, P 67.
• Guard cells, P 88.
• Gullet, H 74, 94, 101.
• Gymnastics, H 47.
• Gymnosperm, P 26, 170.
• Gypsy moth, A 95.
• Habit, H 131.
• Hairs, P 87, H 19.
• Hands, H 4; defined, A 220.
• Headaches, H 132, 133.
• Heart, human, H 51, 52; insect, A 77; sound of, H 60.
• Heating, H 84.
• Hemiptera, A 82.
• Hemoglobin, H 59, 81.
• Herb, P 17.
• Heredity, A 147, 153, H 4.
• Hessian fly, A 95.
• Hill, Dr. L. H., quoted, H 140.
• Hilum, P 21, 26.
• Hip, H 4, P 168.
• Hollyhock, P 147.
• Homology, P 135.
• Horned toad, A 140.
• Host, P 107.
• House fly, A 92, 93.
• Houstonia, P 107.
• Human species, H 1, A 220.
• Hydra, A 22.
• Hydranth, A 29.
• Hydrochloric acid, H 103.
• Hydroid, A 28, 29, 30.
• Hygiene, H 49, 66, 80, 107, 129, 141.
• Hymenoptera, A 82.
• Hyphæ, P 107, 188.
• Hypocotyl, P 22.
• Hypogeal, P 23.
• Hypostome, A 23.
• Ichneumon fly, A 89.
• Imago, A 81.
• Immunity, H 158, 160.
• Indehiscent, P 164.
• Indian, H 2.
• Indusium, P 177.
• Inflammation, H 68, 86.
• Inflorescence, P 155, 160.
• Infusoria, A 16.
• Inhibit, H 68.
• Inorganic, A 1.
• Insecticides, A 95.
• Insects, A 73, 75; biting, A 82; classified, A 82; sucking, A 82.
• Inspiration, H 77.
• Instinct, A 80, 121, H 49.
• Intercostal, H 77.
• Internode, P 52.
• Intestinal gland, H 104.
• Intestine, H 98, 103, 106.
• Involucre, P 34, 141, 163, 164.
• Iodine test for starch, x.
• Iris, H 143, 151.
• Iron, vii, P 39.
• Iron tonics, H 90.
• Isoëtes, P 203.
• Ivory, H 98.
• Jacana, Mexican, A 178.
• Jay, blue, A 181.
• Jelly fish, A 29, 30.
• Joints, H 29, 35, 36.
• Kangaroo, A 198.
• Key fruit, P 164.
• Kidneys, of fish, A 117; of insects, A 76; of man, H 26, 27; of mussel, A 102; of worm, A 45.
• Kinetoscope, H 151.
• Labial palpi, A 68, 74, 101.
• Labium, A 68, 74.
• Laboratory, P 3.
• Labrum, A 68, 74.
• Labyrinth, H 157.
• Lacteal, H 64, 65, 104, 105.
• Lady bug, A 91.
• Lamellibranch, A 107.
• Landscape, P 13.
• Lark, meadow; A 182; sky, A 179.
• Larkspur, P 148, 149.
• Larva, A 81.
• Larynx, H 72.
• Lasso cell, A 34.
• Lateral spinal curvature, H 37.
• Latex tubes, P 67.
• Leaf, apex of, P 80; base of, P 80; function of, P 92; margin of, P 80; structure, P 86.
• Leaf scar, P 90.
• Leaves, arrangement of, P 82; shapes of, P 78, 85.
• Leg, of bird, A 152; of horse, A 210; of insect, A 74; of man, H 33.
• Legume, P 165, H 95.
• Legume family, P 35, 169.
• Lemur, A 220.
• Lenticel, P 89.
• Lepidoptera, A 82, 87.
• Lichens, P 195.
• Ligneous, P 17.
• Lime water, xx, H 70.
• Liver, H 105.
• Liverworts, P 196.
• Lobes of leaf, P 75.
• Lobule of lung, H 75.
• Locule, P 136, 163, 166.
• Loculicidal dehiscence, P 166.
• Louse, A 92, 93.
• Lumber, P 68.
• Lungs, of bird, A 165; of man, H 76.
• Lycopodium, P 204.
• Lymph, H 52, 62, 63.
• Lymphatics, H 62, 63.
• Lymph spaces, H 63.
• Macrospore, P 203, 204.
• Madreporite, A 35.
• Malaria, H 160.
• Malay, H 1.
• Mammal, A 184, H 111; classified, A 193; defined, A 189.
• Manatee, A 209.
• Mandibles, A 68, 74.
• Mantis, praying, A 3.
• Mantle, A 99.
• Marchantia, P 196.
• Maxillæ, A 68, 74.
• Maxillary palpi, A 68, 74.
• May beetle, A 90, 91.
• May fly, A 83.
• Measuring worm, A 81, 84.
• Medulla, H 122, 123.
• Medullary ray, P 64.
• Medusa, A 31.
• Mesoglea, A 26.
• Mesophyll, P 86.
• Metamorphosis of insect, A 80, 81, 82.
• Metazoan, A 1.
• Micropyle, P 21, 26.
• Microscope, P 21, 26.
• Microspore, P 203.
• Midrib, P 77.
• Migration of birds, A 171, 173.
• Milk, H 91, 95, 96, 112.
• Mimicry, A 146.
• Mind and health, H 129.
• Minerals, xiv, H 90, 91, 93, 95.
• Mint family, P 139.
• Mistletoe, P 109.
• Moccasin, A 145.
• Mold, P 188.
• Mole, A 201.
• Mollusk, A 9, 97, 125.
• Molting, A 69, 174.
• Mongolian, H 1.
• Monkey, A 220.
• Monocotyledons, P 20, 25, 63.
• Monœcious, P 138, 150, 170.
• Morphine, H 105.
• Morula, A 7.
• Mosquito, A 92, 93, 96, H 160, 161.
• Mosses, P 199.
• Moss, Spanish, P 110.
• Moth, A 83.
• Mother-of-pearl, A 99.
• Motor, cell, H 120; fiber, H 120.
• Mullein, P 87.
• Municipal sanitation, H 162, 163.
• Muscadine, P 36.
• Muscles, H 39; arrangement of, H 41; control of, H 39, 44; function of, H 39, 43; growth, H 42; kinds of, H 39; structure of, H 39.
• Muscles and health, H 45.
• Muscular sense, H 142, 146.
• Muscular tissue, H 11.
• Mushroom, P 107, 194.
• Mussel, A 96, 103.
• Mycelium, P 107, 108, 188.
• Mychorrhiza, P 108.
• Nails, H 19.
• Narcotic, H 137, 148.
• Nasal tone, H 144.
• Natural selection, P 8, A 148.
• Nautilus, chambered, A 107.
• Nectar, A 8, P 148.
• Nephridium, A 45.
• Nerve, H 119; spinal, H 127; cranial, H 127.
• Nerve cell, H 119; fatigue of, H 130.
• Nerve center, H 117, 120.
• Nerve fiber, H 119.
• Nerve tissue, H 11.
• Nerves, vaso-motor, H 23.
• Nervous children, H 135.
• Nervous system, of bee, A 78; of man, H 117; of mussel, A 102.
• Nest building, A 166, 182.
• Neuron, H 118.
• Neuroptera, A 82.
• Neutral substances, ix.
• Nitella, P 187.
• Nitric acid test for proteid, xi.
• Nitrogen, viii, P 39, 40, H 81.
• Nitrogenous compounds, xi.
• Nodes, P 20, 52.
• Nodules, P 39, 40.
• Nose bleed, H 52.
• Nostoc, P 184.
• Nostril, of bird, A 151; of fish, A 112.
• Notebooks, P 3.
• Nucleolus, A 6, H 6.
• Nucleoplasm, H 7.
• Nucleus, P 144, 185, A 6, 11, 14, H 6, 18.
• Nutrients, H 91.
• Nuts, P 164, H 95.
• Octopus, A 106.
• Oil gland, H 20.
• Oils, test for, xi.
• Okapi, A 214.
• Oleander, P 86.
• Omnivorous, A 47, H 111.
• One-celled animals, A 7.
• Oögonia, P 186.
• Opossum, A 197; H 4.
• Opsonin, H 162.
• Optic nerve, H 151, 152.
• Oral surface, A 35.
• Orang, A 222.
• Orbit, H 149.
• Orchid, P 35, 110.
• Order, A 9.
• Organ, A 1, H 9.
• Organic, xiv, A 1.
• Organism, A 1.
• Orthoptera, A 82.
• Oscillatoria, P 184.
• Osculum, A 18.
• Osier, Dr. William, quoted, H 133.
• Osmosis, P 42, 48.
• Outdoor life, H 5, 22.
• Ovary, P 135, 144, 163, 170, A 25, 37, 117.
• Overgrowth, P 12.
• Oviduct, A 46.
• Ovule, P 144, 186.
• Oxidation, xii, A 3, 4, 5, H 14, 90, 91, 120.
• Oxygen, viii, A 4, 5, H 4, 76, 81, 140.
• Oyster, A 104.
• Palisade cells, P 86.
• Palmate, P 74.
• Pancreas, H 104.
• Panicle, P 158.
• Papilla, H 17.
• Pappus, P 141.
• Paramecium, A 13.
• Parasites, P 107, A 49, 93.
• Parenchyma, P 60, 86.
• Partridge, A 178.
• Pearls, A 105.
• Peccary, A 217.
• Pedicel, P 162.
• Peduncle, P 62.
• Peltate, P 77.
• Pelvis, H 33.
• Pepsin, H 103.
• Perch, A 109, 110, 123.
• Perennial, P 17.
• Pericarp, P 164, 165, 169.
• Peristalsis, H 102, 106, 127.
• Peritoneum, H 106.
• Pests, insect, A 93.
• Petals, P 134.
• Petiole, P 76.
• Phagocyte, H 161.
• Pharynx, H 73, 85, 101.
• Pheasant, A 174.
• Phenogam, P 177, 180.
• Phosphorus, vi.
• Photo-synthesis, P 94, 101.
• Phyllotaxy, P 84.
• Physics, xiv.
• Physiology, H 9.
• Pigment, H 18.
• Pine cone, P 27, 170.
• Pinna, P 181.
• Pinnate, P 74.
• Pinnatifid, P 76.
• Pistil, P 135.
• Plantain, P 157.
• Plant societies, P 9.
• Plants, unlikeness of, P 9.
• Plastron, A 141.
• Pleura, H 76.
• Plexus, H 128.
• Plumule, P 20, 23, 25.
• Plur-annual, P 18.
• Pod, P 164.
• Poison, H 137.
• Pollen, P 135, 144, 180, A 85.
• Pollen basket, A 88.
• Pollination, P 144, 145; artificial, P 153.
• Polyp, A 9, 22, 125.
• Polypetalous, P 134.
• Polysepalous, P 134.
• Polytrichum, P 199.
• Pome, P 169.
• Portal vein, H 105.
• Portuguese man-o’-war, A 28.
• Posterior curvature of spine, H 37.
• Potato, H 92, 95, 112; bug, A 90.
• Practical questions, H 50, 69, 87, 112, 136.
• Primates, A 220.
• Primitive man, H 3.
• Primrose, P 149.
• Proboscis, of butterfly, A 83, 87; elephant, A 207.
• Prolegs, A 84, 87.
• Propagation by buds, P 121.
• Prop-roots, P 36.
• Protection of birds, A 171.
• Protective resemblance, A 34, 146.
• Proteid, xi, H 88, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 104.
• Proterandrous, P 146.
• Proterogynous, P 146.
• Prothallus, P 178, 202.
• Protoplasm, xiv, P 42, 94, 97, 185, A 6, 11, H 5, 6, 59, 106, 118.
• Protozoa, A 7, 9, 11, 125.
• Pruning, P 105.
• Pseud-annual, P 17.
• Pseudoneuroptera, A 82.
• Pseudopod, A 11.
• Pteridophytes, P 181, 201, 203.
• Ptyalin, H 100.
• Puffball, P 194.
• Pulse, H 55.
• Pure food law, H 93.
• Pylorus, H 103.
• Pyxis, P 166.
• Quarantine, H 163.
• Quarter-sawed, P 70.
• Quill, A 156.
• Rabbit, A 205, 223.
• Radial symmetry, A 34, 125.
• Ration, daily, H 94, 96.
• Rattlesnake, A 145.
• Reaction, H 151, 152.
• Receptacle, P 134, 163.
• Rectum, A 134, H 97.
• Reflex action, H 121.
• Regeneration of lost parts, A 37.
• Rennin, H 103.
• Reproduction, A 12, 15, 20, 25, 37, 46, 120.
• Reptiles, A 139.
• Respiration, cellular, H 81; human, H 70; hygiene of, H 80; in plants, P 97, 103.
• Resting spore, P 184, 185, 189, 191, 192.
• Retina, H 151, 152.
• Rhizome, P 52, 202.
• Rhizopoda, A 16.
• Road runner, A 169.
• Robin, A 183.
• Root cap, P 44.
• Root climber, P 129.
• Root hairs, P 41, 42, 46.
• Rootlet, P 41.
• Root pressure, P 99, 104.
• Roots, and air, P 41; forms of, P 32; function, P 38; structure, P 38, 43; systems, P 32.
• Rotifer, A 49.
• Round worm, A 49.
• Ruminant, A 213.
• Rust, P 192.
• Salamander, A 134, 138, 139.
• Saliva, H 96, 100, 112.
• Salt, x, H 93.
• Samara, P 164.
• Sand, xiii.
• Sandworm, A 49.
• Sanitary map, H 158.
• San José scale, A 95.
• Sap, P 67.
• Saprophyte, P 107, 108.
• Scab in sheep, A 95.
• Scales, of bird, A 161; fish, A 110; moth, A 89.
• Scallops, A 104.
• Scape, P 161.
• Scarab, A 90, 91.
• School and health, H 135.
• Sclerotic, H 150.
• Scouring rush, P 203.
• Scramblers, P 129.
• Sea anemone, A 33.
• Sea fan, A 32.
• Sea horse, A 124.
• Sea urchin, A 38.
• Seed, P 20, 163, 180; coat, P 21.
• Selaginella, P 204.
• Selection, natural, P 8; artificial, P 8.
• Sense, muscular, H 143; thermic, H 142.
• Senses of insects, A 76.
• Sensory, cell, H 120; fiber, H 120, 121.
• Sepal, P 133, 169.
• Septicidal capsule, P 166.
• Serum, H 61.
• Sessile, P 77.
• Setæ, A 43, 48.
• Sexual selection, A 174.
• Shark, A 121.
• Shelf fungus, P 194.
• Shoes, H 48.
• Shoulder, H 32.
• Shrub, P 19.
• Sick headache, H 133.
• Sieve tubes, P 66.
• Silicle, P 167.
• Silique, P 167.
• Silkworm, A 84, 86, 95.
• Silver scale, A 83.
• Siphon, A 101.
• Siphonoptera, A 82.
• Skeleton, of bird, A 152; cat, A 188; frog, A 131; of fish, A 113; man, H 28; chart of, A 218.
• Skin, H 16.
• Skull, H 63; mammalian, A 194.
• Sleep, H 130.
• Slipper animalcule, A 13.
• Sloth, A 199.
• Slug, A 105.
• Smell, H 147.
• Snail, A 105.
• Societies, P 9.
• Soil, P 40, 47, A 48.
• Soredia, P 196.
• Sori, P 177, 192.
• Souring of milk, H 158.
• Spadix, P 140.
• Sparrow, A 182; English, A 170.
• Spathe, P 138, 140.
• Specialization, A 20, 27, 66, 210, H 8.
• Species, A 8.
• Spermary, A 25, 27.
• Spermatophytes, P 180.
• Spicule, A 18.
• Spider, A 94.
• Spike, P 157.
• Spinal cord, H 120, 121.
• Spinal deformities, H 37.
• Spine, H 31.
• Spiracle, A 77, 87.
• Spirogyra, P 184.
• Sponges, A 17, 125; glass, A 19; horny, A 19; limy, A 19.
• Spontaneous combustion, xiii.
• Sporangium, P 177, 186, 188, 201, 203, 204.
• Spore, P 176, 178, 181, 184, H 159.
• Sporophyll, P 180, 201.
• Sporophyte, P 177.
• Sports, A 148, 224.
• Sprain, H 38.
• Squash bug, A 93, 95.
• Squid, A 106.
• Stamen, P 135.
• Starch, x, P 95, 101, H 88, 91.
• Starvation, H 138.
• Stem, P 49; endogenous, P 59; exogenous, P 61; kinds of, P 49.
• Sterilizing wounds, H 163.
• Stickleback, A 119.
• Stigma, P 135, 144, 145.
• Stimulant defined, H 137.
• Stipule, P 76, 84.
• Stock, P 125.
• Stomate, P 87.
• Stone age, H 2.
• Stone fruit, P 168.
• Storage of food, P 99.
• Street cleaning, H 163.
• Struggle to live, P 4, 6, A 147, H 4.
• Study, comparative, A 82, 149, 223.
• Style, P 135, 163.
• Sugar, H 91, 100.
• Sulphur, vii.
• Summer-spore, P 191.
• Sun energy, P 95, A 2, H 91.
• Sunlight, A 2, H18.
• Survival of fittest, P 7, A 147, H 4, 141.
• Sutures, H 35.
• Swarm-spores, P 186.
• Sweat gland, H 20.
• Symbiosis, P 196.
• Sympathetic system, H 127, 129.
• Syngenesious, P 141.
• Synovial fluid, H 36.
• Tadpole, A 126, 134.
• Tanner, Dr., H 138.
• Tapeworm, A 49.
• Tarantula, A 94.
• Taste, H 110, 143, 146.
• Tear gland, H 149.
• Teeth, H 88, 98, 99, 111; of frog, A 130.
• Teleutospores, P 192.
• Temperature, H 21; nerves of, H 142, 146.
• Tendon, H 41.
• Tendril, P 101.
• Terrapin, A 143, 144.
• Thallophyte, P 181, 184.
• Thallus, P 184, 197.
• Thompson, Sir Henry, on smoking, H 87.
• Thoracic duct, H 64, 65, 105.
• Thorns, P 101.
• Thought questions, H 20, 27, 79, 107, 109, 116.
• Thyrse, P 160.
• Thyroid gland, H 97.
• Tillandsia, P 110.
• Timber, decay of, P 195.
• Tissue, H 7, 10, P 60, 62.
• Toad, A 137.
• Toadstool, P 194.
• Tobacco, and heart, H 67; and lungs, H 86; and taste, H 148; when enjoyable, H 87.
• Tortoise, A 140, 143, 144.
• Torus, P 134, 169.
• Touch, H 145, A 119.
• Toxin, H 160, 161.
• Toyi Niku, Madame, quoted, H 141.
• Trachea, H 74.
• Tracheid, P 65.
• Transpiration, P 98, 103.
• Trap-door spider, A 94.
• Tube feet, A 35.
• Tuberculosis, H 5, 160.
• Tumble bug, A 90, 91.
• Turtle, A 140, 143, 144.
• Twiners, P 129, 131.
• Typhoid fever, H 159.
• Umbel, P 159.
• Umbo, A 98.
• Undergrowth, P 12.
• Ungulate, A 212.
• Urea, H 94.
• Uric acid, H 114.
• Urinary tubule, H 27.
• Vacuole, A 11, 12, 14.
• Valve, P 164, H 51, 53, 57.
• Vampire, A 203.
• Variation, A 147, P 2.
• Variety, A 8.
• Vaso-motor nerves, H 23, 68.
• Vaucheria, P 186.
• Vegetables, H 95, 112.
• Venomous snakes, A 143.
• Vent, A 42.
• Ventilation, H 71, 82, 83.
• Ventral, A 43.
• Ventricle, H 53.
• Vermes, A 9, 125.
• Vermiform appendix, H 4, 106.
• Vertebra, H 71, 82, 83.
• Vertebrates, A 9, 125.
• Vertebrate skeletons, A 218.
• Verticellate, P 84.
• Vestigial organs, H 106.
• Villi, H 104.
• Vinegar, H 94.
• Viscera, H 127; of bird, A 163.
• Vitreous humor, H 152.
• Voluntary act, H 122, 124.
• Warning sound, A 147.
• Wasps, digging, A 89.
• Water-pore, P 88.
• Waterworks, H 163.
• Weevil, A 90, 91, 96.
• Whale, A 208.
• Wheat rust, P 192.
• White corpuscles, H 59; origin of, H 61; work of, H 60, 161, 162.
• White weed, or ox-eye daisy, P 155.
• Whorled, P 84.
• Willow mildew, P 190.
• Wind travelers, P 173.
• Wings, of grasshopper, A 67; of bird, A 153, 158.
• Woodpecker, A 180.
• Woody fiber, P 17.
• Worms, A 42.
• Wounds of plants, P 56.
• Written exercises, H 15, 50, 116.
• Yeast plants, P 190, H 158.
• Yellow fever, H 160.
• Yellow spot, H 151.
• Zoology defined, A 1.
• Zoophytes, A 33.
• Zygnema, P 185.
• Zygospore, P 185, 189, 190.