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History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria / A Linked Index to the Project Gutenberg Editions

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A comprehensive multi-volume survey presents the natural setting of the Nile and Egyptian society, the pantheon and ritual practice, and the legendary and dynastic narratives that shaped political life. It then shifts to Mesopotamian worlds, describing temple architecture, mythic cycles, administrative institutions, and the material culture of Chaldaea, Babylonia, and Assyria. Chronologies, lists of rulers, maps, and illustrations accompany discussions of archaeology, art, and texts, and appendices collate pharaonic and Mesopotamian sequences to help readers follow developments across regions and periods.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria

Author: G. Maspero

Editor: David Widger

Translator: M. L. McClure

Release date: May 19, 2009 [eBook #28876]
Most recently updated: November 11, 2023

Language: English

Credits: Produced by David Widger

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF EGYPT, CHALDÆA, SYRIA, BABYLONIA, AND ASSYRIA ***



History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria

GASTON MASPERO

(1846-1916)



AN ON-LINE INDEX



Edited by David Widger

Project Gutenberg Editions






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CONTENTS

Click on the ## before each title to go directly to a
linked index of the detailed chapters and illustrations

##  Volume I.

##  Volume II.

##  Volume III.

##  Volume IV.

##  Volume V.

##  Volume VI.

##  Volume VII.

##  Volume VIII.

##  Volume IX.

##  Volume X.

##  Volume XI.

##  Volume XII.

##  Volume XIII.







VOLUMES, CHAPTERS AND STORIES



Volume I.

CONTENTS


EDITOR'S PREFACE

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

CHAPTER I.—THE NILE AND EGYPT

CHAPTER II.—THE GODS OF EGYPT

CHAPTER III.—-THE LEGENDARY HISTORY OF EGYPT

List of Illustrations


003.jpg Chapter One

006.jpg The Mouth of The Nile Previous to The Formation Of the Delta.

009.jpg A Line of Laden Camels Emerges from A Hollow

010.jpg

011.jpg Part of Gebel Shêkh HerÎdi

012.jpg The Hill of Kasr Es-sayyad

014.jpg Entrance to the First Cataract

015.jpg Entrance to Nubia

016.jpg League Beyond League, the Hills Stretch on

018.jpg The Entrance to The First Cataract

020.jpg Entrance to the Second Catakact

022.jpg An Attempt to Represent the Egyptian Universe

023.jpg Footnotes With Graphics

027.jpg South Africa and the Sources of The Nile

031.jpg During the Inundation

034.jpg Assiout

036.jpg Entrance of the MudÎriyeh Of AsyÛt

037.jpg Forest of Date Palms

040.jpg Acacias at the Entrance to a Garden Outside EkhmÎm

041.jpg She-ass and Her Foal

042.jpg The UrÆus of Egypt

044.jpg The Ibis of Egypt

045.jpg The Mormyrus Oxyrhynchus

046.jpg Ahaka

047.jpg Two Fishermen Carrying a Latus

048.jpg The Nile God

049.jpg The Shrine of The Nile at Biggeh

051.jpg Nile Gods from the Temple of Seti I. At Abydos

055.jpg Libyan Mountains

059.jpg The Noble Type of Egyptian

060.jpg Head of a Tileban Mummy

060b.jpg Wrappings from a Mummy (Oil painting)

062.jpg A Fellah Woman With the Features of an Ancient King

066.jpg Negro Prisoners Wearing the Panther's Skin As A Loin-cloth.

068.jpg Notable Wearing the Large Cloak; Priest Wearing Panther's Skin

070.jpg A Dignitary Wrapped in his Large Cloak

072.jpg Costume of Egyptian Woman, Spinning

073.jpg Man Wearing Wig and Necklaces

074.jpg The Boomerang and Fighting Bow

075.jpg Votive Axe

076.jpg King Holding the Baton

077.jpg Fishing in the Marshes

078.jpg Hunting in the Marshes: Encountering a Hippopotamus

079.jpg Hunting in the Desert: Bull, Lion, and Oryx

080.jpg Catching Animals With the Bola

082.jpg A Swineherd and his Pigs

084.jpg The Egyptian Lotus

086.jpg The Egyptian Hoe

087.jpg Ploughing

089.jpg An Egyptian Saki (well) Procuring Water for Irrigation

091.jpg Boatmen Fighting on a Canal Communicating With The Nile

092.jpg A Great Egyptian Lord, Ti, and his Wife

094.jpg Nomes of Middle Egypt

096.jpg Nomes of Upper Egypt

099.jpg Nomes of Lower Egypt

105.jpg Page Image

106.jpg Page Image

107.jpg Page Image

108.jpg the Goddess NapkÎt, StapÎt

110.jpg Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert

113.jpb Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert

115.jpg NÛÎt the Starry One

116.jpg Goose-god Facing The Cat-goddess, The Lady Of Heaven

117.jpg the Cow HÂthor, The Lady Of Heaven

118.jpg Twelve Stages in The Life of The Sun and Its Twelve Forms

123.jpg Conception of the Principal Constellations of the Northern Sky

124.jpg Lunar Bark, Self-propelled, Under The Protection of the Two Eyes

125.jpg The Haunch, and The Female Hippopotamus

127.jpg Okion, Sothis, and Two Hokus-planets

128.jpg Sahu-orion.

129.jpg Orion and the Cow Sothis Separated by The Sparrow-hawk

131.jpg Amon-rÂ, As MÎnÛ of Coptos, Invested With His Emblems

133.jpg AnhÛri

134.jpg The Hawk-headed Hokus

136.jpg The Hoeus of HibonÛ, on The Back Of The Gazelle

138.jpg The Cat-headed Bast

139.jpg Two Images

141.jpg Nit of SaÏs

142.jpg ImhotpÛ

143.jpg NofirtÛmÛ

145.jpg Horus

147.jp The Black Shadow Coming out Into The Sunlight.

148.jpg August Souls of Osiris and Horus in Adoration

150.jpg The King After his Coronation

161.jpg Sacrificing to the Dead in The Tomb Chapel

164.jpg Phtah As a Mummy

167.jpg The Sacred Bull

169.jpg Open-air Offerings to the Serpent

171.jpg The Peasant's Offering to The Sycamore

173.jpg Sacrifice of The Bull.—Priest Lassoing the Victim

180.jpg Shu Uplifting the Sky

182.jpg ShÛ Forcibly Separating SibÛ and NÛÎt

183.jpg The DidÛ of Osiris

183b.jpg The DidÛ Dressed

185.jpg Osiris-onnophris, Whip and Crook in Hand

187.jpg Isis, Wearing the Cow-horn Head-dress

189.jpg Nephthys, As a Wailing Woman, and the God SÎt, Fighting

192.jpg Horus, the Avenger of his Father, and Anubis ÛapÔaÎtÛ

191.jpg The Sun Springing from an Opening Lotus-flower

194.jpg The Plain and Mounds of Heliopolis Fifty Years Ago

196.jpg HakmakhÛÎti-hakmakhis, the Great God

198.jpg Khopri, in his Bark

201.jpg The Twin Lions, ShÛ and TafnÛÎt

204.jpg The Four Funerary Genii, KhabsonÛf, TiÛmaÛtf, Hapi, and AmsÎt

208.jpg The Ibis Thot, and The Cynocephalous Thot

212.jpg The Hermopolitan Ogdoad

213.jpg Amon

215.jpg The Theban Ennead

218.jpg Tailpiece

219.jpg Page Image

220.jpg Page Image

221.jpg Page Image

224.jpg KhnÛmÛ Modelling Man Upon a Potter's Table.

230.jpg At the First Hour of The Day The Sun Embarks

236.jpg SokhÎt, the Lioness-headed.

242.jpg Cow, Sustained Above the Earth by ShÛ and The Support

244.jpg Three of the Divine Amulets Preserved

250.jpg the Osmian Triad Hokus. Osiris, Isis.

253.jpg Isis-hathor, Cow-headed.

256.jpg The Osirian Mummy Prepared

257.jpg The Reception Op The Mummy by Anubis

259.jpg Osikis in Hades, Accompanied by Isis, AmentÎt, And Nephthys

260.jpg The Deceased Climbing The Slope of The Mountain Of the West

261.jpg The Mummy of SÛtimosÛ Clasping his Soul Into His Arms.

262.jpg Cynocephali Drawing the Net in Which Souls Are Caught. 1

264.jpg Deceased and his Wife Seated in Front of The Sycamore of NÛÎt

266.jpg Deceased Piercing a Serpent With his Lance. 2

267.jpg Good Cow HÂthor Carrying The Dead Man and His Soul.

268.jpg Anubis and Thot Weighing the Heart of The Deceased

269.jpg The Deceased is Brought Before The Shrine Of Osiris the Judge

272B.jpg The Occupations of Ani in the Elysian Fields

275.jpg The Manes Tilling The Ground and Reaping in Fields

276.jpg UashbÎti.

277.jpg The Dead Man and his Wife Playing at Draughts In The Pavilion.

278.jpg The Dead Man Sailing in his Bark Along The Canals

279.jpg Boat of a Funerary Fleet on Its Way to Abydos.

280.jpg The Solar Bark Into Which The Dead Man is About To Enter.

282.jpg The Solar Bark Passing Into The Mountain of The West.

284.jpg The Soul Descending The Sepulchral Shaft

285.jpg The Soul on The Edge of The Funeral Couch

287.jpg The Soul Going Forth Into Its Garden by Day

289.jpg An Incident in the Wars of Haratheus and Sit

293.jpg One of the Astronomical Tables Of The Tomb Of Ramses IV.

304.jpg The Gods Fighting Foe The Magician Who Has Invoked Them.

306.jpg The Child Horus on The Crocodiles.

310.jpg A Dead Man Receiving the Breath of Life.

315.jpg Th0t Records the Years of The Life Of Ramses.

316.jpg Page Image

317.jpg Page Image

318.jpg Page Image

319.jpg Page Image

325.jpg Table of the Kings

332.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abydos, Made by Mariette In 1865 and 1875.

343.jpg Necklace, Bearing Name of Menes.

350.jpg SatÎt Presents the Pharaoh AmenÔthes III. To KhnÔmÛ.

351.jpg AnÛkit

353.jpg The Step Pyramid of Sauara.

356. Jpg One of the Chambers Of The Step-pyramid

357.jpg Tailpiece






Volume II.

CONTENTS


CHAPTER I—THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF EGYPT

CHAPTER II—THE MEMPHITE EMPIRE

CHAPTER III—THE FIRST THEBAN EMPIRE






List of Illustrations


Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

003.jpg Page Image

004.jpg the Mastaba of Khomtini in The Necropolis Of GÎzeh

006.jpg the Great Sphinx of GÎzeh Partially Uncovered, And the Pyramid of Khephren

008.jpg TetiniÔnkhÛ, Sitting Before the Funeral Repast

009.jpg the Façade and The Stele of The Tomb Of Phtahshopsisu at Saqqara

010.jpg Stele in the Form of a Door

014.jpg a Representation of the Domains Of The Lord Ti, Bringing to Him Offerings in Procession

015.jpg the Representation of The Lord Ti Assisting At The Preliminaries of the Sacrifice and Offerings

021.jpg the Birth of a King and his Double

023.jpg Page Image

024.jpg the Adult King Advancing, Followed by his Double

026.jpg Page Image

027.jpg Page Image

028.jpg the Goddess Adopts The King by Suckling Him

029.jpg the Cucupha-headed Sceptre.

030.jpg Different Postures for Approaching the King

037.jpg Pharaoh in his Harem

039.jpg Pharaoh Gives Solemn Audience to One of His Ministers

042.jpg The Queen Shakes the Sistrum While The King Offers The Sacrifice

042b.jpg the Island and Temple of Phil.

051.jpg Men and Women Singers, Flute-players, Harpists, And Dancers, from the Tomb of Ti

052.jpg the Dwarf Khnumhotpu, Superintendent of The Royal Linen

059.jpg the Packing of The Linen and Its Removal to The White Storehouse.

061.jpg Measuring the Wheat and Depositing It in The Granaries

063.jpg Plan of a Princely Storehouse for Provisions

065.jpg the Staff of a Government Officer in The Time Of The Memphite Dynasties

067.jpg The Crier Announces the Arrival of Five Registrars Of The Temple of King ÛsirnirÎ, Of the Vth Dynasty

068.jpg the Funeral Stele of The Tomb Of Amten, The "grand Huntsman."

072.jpg Statue of Amten, Found in his Tomb

075.jpg Plan of the Villa Of a Great Egyptian Noble

077.jpg Hunting With the Boomerang and Fishing With The Double Harpoon in a Marsh Or Pool

078.jpg Prince Api, Borne in a Palanquin, Inspects His Funerary Domain

079.jpg a Dwarf Playing With Cynocephali and A Tame Ibis

080.jpg in a Nile Boat

092.jpg Some of the Military Athletic Exercises

095.jpg War-dance Performed by Egyptian Soldiers Before A Battle

098.jpg Two Blacksmiths Working the Bellows

099.jpg Stone-cutters Finishing the Dressing of Limestone Blocks

101.jpg a Workshop of Shoemakers Manufacturing Sandals

101.jpg the Baker Making his Bread and Placing It in The Oven

103.jpg the House of a Great Egyptian Lord

104.jpg Plan of a Part Of the Ancient Town Of Kahun

105.jpg Stele of SÎtÛ, Representing the Front Of a House

106.jpg a Street in the Higher Quarter of Modern SiÛt

107.jpg a Hall With Columns in One of the Xiith Dynasty Houses at Gurob

108a.jpg Wooden Head-rest

108b.jpg Pigeon on Wheels

109.jpg Apparatus for Striking a Light

110.jpg Mitral Paintings in the Ruins of an Ancient House At Kahun

111.jpg Woman Grinding Grain

114.jpg Two Women Weaving Linen at a Horizantal Loom

118.jpg One of the Forms Of Egyptian Scales

118b.jpg Scenes in a Bazaar

123.jpg Part of the Modern Village Of Karnak, to The West Of the Temple of ApÎt

125.jpg a Boundary Stele

128.jpg the Levying of The Tax: The Taxpayer in The Scribe's Office

130.jpg Levying the Tax: The Taxpayer in The Hands of The Exactors

131.jpg Levying the Tax: The Bastinado

132.jpg Collosal Statue of a King

136.jpg Colored Sculptures in the Palace

142a.jpg Two FellahÎn Work the Shadouf in a Garden

142b.jpg Cutting and Carrying the Harvest

147.jpg a Flock of Goats and the Song Of A Goatherd

148.jpg Tailpiece

149.jpg Page Image

150.jpg Page Image

151.jpg Page Image

154.jpg Map Sinaitic Peninsular, Time of Memphite Empire

156.jpg A Barbarian MonÎti from Sinai

157.jpg Two Refuge Towers of the HirÛ-shÂÎtÛ, in The Wady BÎar

159.jpg View of the Oasis Of Wady FeÎkÂn in The Peninsula Of Sinai

163.jpg the Mining Works of Wady Maghara

164.jpg the High Castle of The Miners—haÎt-qaÎt—at The Confluence of Wady Genneh and Wady Maghara

167.jpg the Pyramid of MêdÛm

171.jpg the Court and The Two StelÆ of The Chapel Adjoining the Pyramid of MêdÛm

173.jpg NofkÎt, Lady of MêdÛm

176.jpg the Triumphal Bas-reliefs of Kheops on The Rocks Of Wady Maghara

176b.jpg Profile of Head Of a Mummy, (a Man) Thebes

177.jpg Pyramids of Gizeh

179.jpg KhÛÎt, the Great Pyramid of GÎzeh, The Sphinx, And the Temple of The Sphinx

181a.jpg the Movable Flagstone at The Entrance to The Great Pyramid

181b.jpg the Interior of The Great Pyramid

183.jpg the Ascending Passage of The Great Pyramid

187.jpg the Name of Kheops Drawn in Red on Several Blocks Of the Great Pyramid

188.jpg Alabaster Statue of Khephren

188b.jpg the Pyramid of Khephren

192.jpg Diorite Statue of MenraÛrÏ

194.jpg the Coffin of Mykerinos

196.jpg the Granite Sarcophagus of Mykerinos

198.jpg Diorite Statue of Khephren, GÎzeu Museum

208.jpg Map Oleander Lower

211.jpg Table of the IVth Dynasty

215.jpg Table of Pharaohs Of the Vth Dynasty

210.jpg Statue in Rose-coloured Granite of the Pharaoh AnÛ, in the GÎzeh Museum

217.jpg Triumphal Bas-relief of Pharaoh SahÛrÛ, on The Rocks of Wady Magharah.

219.jpg Passenger Vessel Under Sail

223.jpg Map of Nubia in the Time Of The Memphite Empire

225.jpg Head of an Inhabitant Of PÛanÎt

234a.jpg Avenue of Sphinxes—karnak

236.jpg One of the Wooden Panels Of Hosi, in The GÎzeh Museum

237.jpg a Sculptor's Studio, and Egyptian Painters At Work

238.jpg Cellarer Coating a Jar With Pitch

239.jpg Baker Kneading his Dough

241.jpg the Sheikh-el Beled in The Gizeh Museum

242.jpg the Kneeling Scribe in The Gizeh Museum

246.jpg Peasant Going to Market

247.jpg Kofir, the Director of Granaries

249.jpg Bas-relief in Ivory

252.jpg Stele of the Daughter Of Kheops

253.jpg the Pharaoh MenkauhorÛ

255.jpg the Mastabat-el-faraun, Looking Towards The West Façade

265.jpg the Island of Elephantine

266.jpg the Island of Elephantine Seen from The Ruins Of Syenne

267.jpg the First Cataract

269.jpg Small Wady, Five Hours Beyond Ed-doueÎg, on The Road to the Red Sea

270.jpg the Rocks of The Island Of Sehêl, With Some Of The Votive Inscriptions

275.jpg the Mountain of Aswan and The Tombs Of The Princes of Elephantine

278.jpg HirkhÛf Receiving Posthumous Homage at the Door Of his Tomb from His Son

282.jpg Head of the Mummy Of Metesouphis I

283.jpg Plan of the Pyramid Of Unas

284.jpg the Sepulchral Chamber in The Pyramid of Unas, And his Sarcophaous