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History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time cover

History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time

Chapter 4: INDEX OF TECHNICAL TERMS.
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About This Book

This study traces the development of observational and experimental sciences from ancient times to the author's present, organizing each field into epochs marked by major discoveries and treating subordinate advances as preludes and sequels. It surveys the progress of astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology, and the life sciences, emphasizing the role of induction and the interplay between experiment and theory. Biographical and bibliographical notices accompany accounts of discoveries, and methodological reflections are offered as groundwork for a philosophy of science. Related debates about ideas such as matter, force, and organization are acknowledged and deferred to a companion philosophical treatment.

Aberration, a. 464.

Absolute and relative, a. 69.

Accelerating force, a. 326.

Achromatism, b. 66.

Acid, b. 263.

Acoustics, b. 24.

Acronycal rising and setting, a. 131.

Action and reaction, a. 343.

Acuation, b. 319.

Acumination, b. 319.

Acute harmonics, b. 37.

Ætiology, b. 499.

Affinity (in Chemistry), b. 265.

Affinity (in Natural History), b. 418.

Agitation, Centre of, a. 357.

Alidad, a. 181.

Alineations, a. 158, 161.

Alkali, b. 262.

Almacantars, a. 181.

Almagest, a. 170.

Almanac, a. 181.

Alphonsine tables, a. 178.

Alternation (of formations), b. 538.

Amphoteric silicides, b. 352.

Analogy (in Natural History), b. 418.

Analysis (chemical), b. 262.

Analysis (polar, of light), b. 80.

Angle of cleavage, b. 322.

Angle of incidence, b. 53.

Angle of reflection, b. 53.

Animal electricity, b. 238.

Anïon, b. 298.

Annus, a. 113.

Anode, b. 298.

Anomaly, a. 139, 141.

Antarctic circle, a. 131.

Antichthon, a. 82.

Anticlinal line, b. 537.

Antipodes, a. 196.

Apogee, a. 146.

Apotelesmatic astrology, a. 222.

Apothecæ, b. 366.

Appropriate ideas, a. 87.

Arctic circle, a. 131.

Armed magnets, b. 220.

Armil, a. 163.

Art and science, a. 239.

Articulata, b. 478.

Artificial magnets, b. 220.

Ascendant, a. 222.

Astrolabe, a. 164.

Atmology, b. 137, 163.

Atom, a. 78.

Atomic theory, b. 285.

Axes of symmetry (of crystals), b. 327.

Axis (of a mountain chain), b. 537.

Azimuth, a. 181.

Azot, b. 276.

Ballistics, a. 365.

Bases (of salts), b.264.

Basset (of strata), b. 512.

Beats, b. 29.

Calippic period, a. 123.

Caloric, b. 143.

Canicular period, a. 118.

Canon, a. 147.

Capillary action, a. 377.

Carbonic acid gas, b. 276

Carolinian tables, a. 304.

Catasterisms, a. 158.

Categories, a. 206.

Cathïon, b. 298.

Cathode, b. 298.

Catïon, b. 298.

Causes, Material, formal, efficient, final, a. 73. 34

Centrifugal force, a. 330.

Cerebral system, b. 463.

Chemical attraction, b. 264.

Chyle, b. 453.

Chyme, b. 453.

Circles of the sphere, a. 128.

Circular polarization, b. 82, 119.

Circular progression (in Natural History), b. 418.

Civil year, a. 117.

Climate, b. 146.

Coexistent vibrations, a. 376.

Colures, a. 131.

Conditions of existence (of animals), b. 483, 492.

Conducibility, b. 143.

Conductibility, b. 143.

Conduction, b. 139.

Conductivity, b. 143.

Conductors, b. 194.

Conical refraction, b. 124.

Conservation of areas, a. 380.

Consistence (in Thermotics), b. 160.

Constellations, a. 124.

Constituent temperature, b. 170.

Contact-theory of the Voltaic pile, b. 295.

Cor (of plants), b. 374.

Cosmical rising and setting, a. 131.

Cotidal lines, a. 460.

Craters of elevation, b. 556.

Dæmon, a. 214.

D’Alembert’s principle, a. 365.

Day, a. 112.

Decussation of nerves, b. 462.

Deduction, a. 48.

Deferent, a. 175.

Definite proportions (in Chemistry), b. 285.

Delta, b. 546.

Dephlogisticated air, b. 273.

Depolarization, b. 80.

Depolarization of heat, b. 155.

Depolarizing axes, b. 81.

Descriptive phrase (in Botany), b. 393.

Dew, b. 177.

Dichotomized, a. 137.

Diffraction, b. 79.

Dimorphism, b. 336.

Dioptra, a. 165.

Dipolarization, b. 80, 82.

Direct motion of planets, a. 138.

Discontinuous functions, b. 36.

Dispensatoria, b. 366.

Dispersion (of light), b. 126.

Doctrine of the sphere, a. 130.

Dogmatic school (of medicine), b. 439.

Double refraction, b. 69.

Eccentric, a. 145.

Echineis, a. 190.

Eclipses, a. 135.

Effective forces, a. 359.

Elective attraction, b. 265.

Electrical current, b. 242.

Electricity, b. 192.

Electrics, b. 194.

Electrical tension, b. 242.

Electro-dynamical, b. 246.

Electrodes, b. 298.

Electrolytes, b. 298.

Electro-magnetism, b. 243.

Elements (chemical), b. 309.

Elliptical polarization, b. 122, 123.

Empiric school (of medicine), b. 439.

Empyrean, a. 82.

Enneads, a. 213.

Entelechy, a. 74.

Eocene, b. 529.

Epicycles, a. 140, 145

Epochs, a. 46.

Equant, a. 175.

Equation of time, a. 159.

Equator, a. 130.

Equinoctial points, a. 131.

Escarpment, b. 537.

Evection, a. 171, 172.

Exchanges of heat, Theory of, b. 143.

Facts and ideas, a. 43.

Faults (in strata), b. 537.

Final causes, b. 442, 492.

Finite intervals (hypothesis of), b. 126.

First law of motion, a. 322.

Fits of easy transmission, b. 77, 89.

Fixed air, b. 272.

Fixity of the stars, a. 158. 35

Formal optics, b. 52.

Franklinism, b. 202.

Fresnel’s rhomb, b. 105.

Fringes of shadows, b. 79, 125.

Fuga vacui, a. 347.

Full months, a. 122.

Function (in Physiology), b. 435.

Galvanism, b. 239.

Galvanometer, b. 251.

Ganglionic system, b. 463.

Ganglions, b. 463.

Generalization, a. 46.

Geocentric theory, a. 258.

Gnomon, a. 162.

Gnomonic, a. 137.

Golden number, a. 123.

Grave harmonics, b. 38.

Gravitate, a. 406.

Habitations (of plants), b. 562.

Hæcceity, a. 233.

Hakemite tables, a. 177.

Halogenes, b. 308.

Haloide, b. 352.

Harmonics, Acute, b. 37.

Harmonics, Grave, b. 38.

Heat, b. 139.

Heat, Latent, b. 160.

Heccædecaëteris, a. 121.

Height of a homogeneous atmosphere, b. 34.

Heliacal rising and setting, a. 131.

Heliocentric theory, a. 258.

Hemisphere of Berosus, a. 162.

Hollow months, a. 122.

Homoiomeria, a. 78.

Horizon, a. 131.

Horoscope, a. 222.

Horror of a vacuum, a. 346.

Houses (in Astrology), a. 222.

Hydracids, b. 283.

Hygrometer, b. 177.

Hygrometry, b. 138.

Hypostatical principles, b. 262.

Iatro-chemists, b. 263.

Ideas of the Platonists, a. 75.

Ilchanic tables, a. 178.

Impressed forces, a. 359.

Inclined plane, a. 313.

Induction (electric), b. 197.

Induction (logical), a. 43.

Inductive, a. 42.

Inductive, charts, a. 47.

Inductive, epochs, a. 46.

Inflammable air, b. 273.

Influences, a. 219.

Intercalation, a. 118.

Interferences, b. 86, 93.

Ionic school, a. 56.

Isomorphism, b. 334.

Isothermal lines, b. 146, 538.

Italic school, a. 56.

Joints (in rocks), b. 537.

Judicial astrology, a. 222.

Julian calendar, a. 118.

Lacteals, b. 453.

Latent heat, b. 160.

Laws of motion, first, a. 322.

Laws of motion, second, a. 330.

Laws of motion, third, a. 334.

Leap year, a. 118.

Leyden phial, b. 196.

Librations (of planets), a. 297.

Libration of Jupiter’s Satellites, a. 441.

Limb of an instrument, a. 162.

Longitudinal vibrations, b. 44.

Lunisolar year, a. 120.

Lymphatics, b. 453.

Magnetic elements, b. 222.

Magnetic equator, b. 219.

Magnetism, b. 217.

Magneto-electric induction, b. 256.

Matter and form, a. 73.

Mean temperature, b. 146.

Mechanical mixture of gases, b. 172.

Mechanico-chemical sciences, b. 191.

Meiocene, b. 529.

Meridian line, a. 164.

Metals, b. 306, 307.

Meteorology, b. 138.

Meteors, a. 86.

Methodic school (of medicine), b. 439. 36

Metonic cycle, a. 122.

Mineral alkali, b. 264.

Mineralogical axis, b. 537.

Minutes, a. 163.

Miocene, b. 529.

Mollusca, b. 478.

Moment of inertia, a. 356.

Momentum, a. 337, 338.

Moon’s libration, a. 375.

Morphology, b. 469, 474.

Movable polarization, b. 105.

Multiple proportions (in Chemistry), b. 285.

Music of the spheres, a. 82.

Mysticism, a. 209, 211.

Nadir, a. 181.

Nebular hypothesis, b. 501.

Neoplatonists, a. 207.

Neutral axes, b. 81.

Neutralization (in Chemistry), b. 263.

Newton’s rings, b. 77, 124.

Newton’s scale of color, b. 77.

Nitrous air, b. 273.

Nomenclature, b. 389.

Nominalists, a. 238.

Non-electrics, b. 194.

Numbers of the Pythagoreans, a. 82, 216.

Nutation, a. 465.

Nycthemer, a. 159.

Octaëteris, a. 121.

Octants, a. 180.

Oolite, b. 529.

Optics, b. 51, &c.

Organical sciences, b. 435.

Organic molecules, b. 460.

Organization, b. 435.

Oscillation, Centre of, a. 356.

Outcrop (of strata), b. 512.

Oxide, b. 282.

Oxyd, b. 282.

Oxygen, b. 276.

Palæontology, b. 519.

Palætiological sciences, b. 499.

Parallactic instrument, a. 165.

Parallax, a. 159.

Percussion, Centre of, a. 357.

Perfectihabia, a. 75.

Perigee, a. 146.

Perijove, a. 446.

Periodical colors, b. 93.

Phases of the moon, a. 134.

Philolaic tables, a. 304.

Phlogisticated air, b. 273.

Phlogiston, b. 268.

Phthongometer, b. 47.

Physical optics, b. 52.

Piston, a. 346.

Plagihedral faces, b. 82.

Plane of maximum areas, b. 380.

Pleiocene, b. 529.

Plesiomorphous, b. 335.

Plumb line, a. 164.

Pneumatic trough, b. 273.

Poikilite, b. 530.

Polar decompositions, b. 293.

Polarization, b. 72, 74.

Polarization, Circular, b. 82, 119.

Polarization, Elliptical, b. 122, 124.

Polarization, Movable, b. 105.

Polarization, Plane, b. 120.

Polarization of heat, b. 153.

Poles (voltaic), b. 298.

Poles of maximum cold, b. 146.

Potential levers, a. 318.

Power and act, a. 74.

Precession of the equinoxes, a. 155.

Predicables, a. 205.

Predicaments, a. 206.

Preludes of epochs, a. 46.

Primary rocks, b. 513.

Primitive rocks, b. 513.

Primum calidum, a. 77.

Principal plane (of a rhomb), b. 73.

Principle of least action, a. 380.

Prosthapheresis, a. 146.

Provinces (of plants and animals), b. 562.

Prutenic tables, a. 270.

Pulses, b. 33.

Pyrites, b. 352.

Quadrant, a. 164

Quadrivium, a. 199.

Quiddity, a. 234. 37

Quinary division (in Natural History), b. 418.

Quintessence, a. 73.

Radiata, b. 478.

Radiation, b. 139.

Rays, b. 58.

Realists, a. 238.

Refraction, b. 54.

Refraction of heat, b. 155.

Remora, a. 190.

Resinous electricity, b. 195.

Rete mirabile, b. 463.

Retrograde motion of planets, a. 139.

Roman calendar, a. 123.

Rotatory vibrations, b. 44.

Rudolphine tables, a. 270, 302.

Saros, a. 136.

Scholastic philosophy, a. 230.

School philosophy, a. 50.

Science, a. 42.

Secondary rocks, b. 513.

Secondary mechanical sciences, b. 23.

Second law of motion, a. 330.

Seconds, a. 163.

Secular inequalities, a. 370.

Segregation, b. 558.

Seminal contagion, b. 459.

Seminal proportions, a. 79.

Sequels of epochs, a. 47.

Silicides, b. 352.

Silurian rocks, b. 530.

Simples, b. 367.

Sine, a. 181.

Solar heat, b. 145.