INDEX.
A
Abstraction. See Ideas
Addison, Mrs. K., on sign-making by a jackdaw, 97
Adjectives, appropriately used by parrots, 129, 130, 152;
early use of, by children, 219;
not differentiated in early forms of speech, 295 et seq.;
origin of Aryan, 306;
and in language generally, 385-86.
Adverbs not differentiated in early forms of speech, 306
African Bushmen. See Hottentots
African languages. See Languages
Agglomerative. See Languages
Agglutinating. See Languages
American languages. See Languages
Analytic. See Languages
Anatomy, evidence of man’s descent supplied by, 19
Animals. See Brutes
Animism of primitive man, 275
Ants, intelligence of, 52, 53;
sign-making by, 91-95
bodily structure of, 19;
understanding of words by, 125, 126;
unable to imitate articulate sounds, 153-157;
psychological characters of anthropoid, in relation to the descent of man, 364-370;
other vocal sounds made by, 374;
erect attitude assumed by, 381, 382
Appleyard on language of savages, 349
Apposition. See Predication
Aristotle, on intelligence of brutes, 12,
and of man, 20;
his classification of the animal kingdom, 79;
his logic based on grammar of the Greek language, 314, 320
Articulation, chap. vii.;
classification of different kinds of, 121;
understanding of, 122-129;
by dogs, 128;
use of, with intelligent signification by talking birds, 129-139;
arbitrary use of, by young children, 138-144;
relation of, to tone and gesture, 145-162;
importance of sense of sight to development of, 366, 367;
probable period and mode of genesis of in the race, 370-373
Aryan languages. See Languages
Aryan race, civilization of, 272;
antiquity of, 273
Audouin on a monkey recognizing pictorial representations, 188
Axe, discovery of, by neolithic man, 214
B
Barter only used by man, 19
Basque language. See Language
Bateman, Dr. F., on speech-centre of brain, 134, 135
Bates, on intelligence of ants, 92, 93;
on a monkey recognizing pictorial representations, 188.
Bats the only mammals capable of flight, 156
Bear, intelligence of, 51;
understanding tones of human voice, 124
Beattie, Dr., on intelligence of a dog, 100
Bees, sign-making by, 90
Bell, Professor A. Graham, on teaching a dog to articulate, 128;
on the ideation of deaf-mutes, 150
Belt on intelligence of ants, 52, 92
Benfry on roots of Sanskrit, 267
Binet on analogies between perception and reason, 32
Bingley on bees understanding tones of human voice, 124
Bleek, on origin of pronouns, 302;
on the sentence-words of African Bushmen, 316, 337, 338;
on onomatopœia, 339;
on the clicks of Hottentots and African Bushmen, 373
Bonaparte, Prince Lucien, on possible number of articulate sounds, 373
Bopp on the origin of speech, 240
Bowen, Professor F., on psychology of judgment, 167
Boyd Dawkins, Professor, on discovery of axe by neolithic man, 214
Bramston, Miss, on intelligence of a dog, 56
Brazil, climate and native languages of, 262, 263
Brown, Thomas, on generalization, 44
Browning, A. H., on intelligence of a dog, 99, 100
Brutes, mind of, compared with human, 6-39;
emotions of, 7;
instincts of, 8;
volition of, 8;
intellect of, 9;
Mr. Mivart on psychology of, 10, 177;
as machines, 11;
soul of, 12;
Bishop Butler on immortality of, 12;
instances of intelligence of, 51-63;
ideas of causality in, 58-60;
appreciation of principles by, 60, 61;
sign-making by, 88-102;
understanding of words by, 123-127;
articulation by, 128-138, 152;
reasons why none have become intellectual rivals of man, 154-157;
self-consciousness in relation to, 175-178;
recognizing pictorial representations, 188, 189;
conditions to genesis of self-consciousness manifested by, 195-199;
psychology of, in relation to the descent of man, 364-384
Buffon, on intelligence of brutes, 12, 117;
his parrot, 201
Bunsen, on onomatopœia, 282;
on Egyptian language, 297, 298;
on the substantive verb, 309
Burton on sign-making by Indians, 105
Bushmen, clicks in the language of, 291
Butler, Bishop, on immortality of brutes, 12
C
California, climate and native languages of, 261, 262
Caldwell on language of savages, 349
Carlyle on fundamental metaphor, 344
Carpenter, Commander Alfred, on monkeys using stones to open oysters, 382
Casalis on poverty of savage languages in abstract terms, 351
Cat, intelligence of, 59, 98, 99;
use of signs by, 158
Caterpillars, sign-making by, 95, 96
Causation, ideas of, in brutes, 58-60;
origin of idea of, in man, 210
Cebus, intelligence of, 60, 61;
different tones uttered by, 96
Champollion on Egyptian hieroglyphics, 311
Charlevoix on language of savages, 349
Cheyenne language. See Languages
Child, psychogenesis of, 4, 5;
emotions and instincts of, 7, 8;
intelligence of, as regards classification, 26, 27, 41, 66, 67;
instinctive and imitative articulation by, 121, 122;
understanding of words by infantile, 123;
spontaneous invention of words by, 138-143;
indicative stage of language in, 158, 218-222, 324;
denotation and connotation of, 179, 191, 218-231, 283-285;
recognizing portraits, &c., 188, 189;
rise of self-consciousness in, 200-212;
use of personal pronoun by, 201, 232, 408, 409;
hypothesis of languages having been originated by, 259-263;
undifferentiated language of, 296, 297, 317;
stages of language in, 157-193, 328;
differences between infantile and primitive man, as regards development of speech, 329-334;
order of development of articulate sounds in, 372, 373
Cicero on the origin of speech, 240
Chimpanzee. See Apes
Chinese language. See Language
Classification, in relation to abstraction, 31, 32;
powers of, exhibited by a young child, 26, 66, 67;
by lower animals generally, 27-30 (see also under Precepts);
of the animal kingdom by the early Jews and by Aristotle, 78, 79;
of language, 85-89;
of mental faculties artificial, 234;
of languages, 245-251
Clicks of Hottentots, 291
Clothes only worn by man, 19
Communication. See Language
Complex ideas. See Ideas
Compound ideas. See Ideas
Comte, Auguste, on the logic of feelings and of signs, 42, 46, 47
Conception. See Concepts
in relation to particular and generic ideas, 76-78;
in relation to judgment and self-consciousness, 168-191;
Max Müller’s alleged, 221;
in relation to non-conceptual faculties, 234-237;
attainment of, by the individual, 230-232;
original, 269-281;
philological proof of derivation of, from recepts, 343-349
Concrete ideas. See Ideas
Connotation, 88, 89, 136, 137, 157, 159-162, 169, 170, 179-184, 218, 219, 283, 284, 294 et seq., 368, 383, 384
Conscience. See Morality
Coptic language. See Language
Copula, the, 172, 173, 230, 309, 314, 387
Counting, by rooks, 56, 57, 214, 215;
by sensuous computation and by separate notation, 57, 215;
by savages, 215
Crawford on Malay language, 351
Cronise on the climate of California, 261
Crows, intelligence of, 56, 57
Cuvier on speech as the most distinctive characteristic of man, 371
D
Dammaras, counting by, 215
Darwin, Charles, on intelligence of savage man in relation to his cerebral development, 16, 17;
on intelligence of animals, 51, 52, 54;
on pointing of sporting dogs, 97;
on expression of emotions, 103;
on psychogenesis of child, 123, 158;
on self-consciousness, 199;
on descent of man, 369, 370, 374-376, 380
Dayak language. See Language
Deaf-mutes, sign-making by, 105-120;
ideation of, 149, 150, 339-341;
invention of articulate signs by, 122, 263, 367
De Fravière on sign-making by bees, 90
Demonstrative elements. See Pronouns
Denomination, 88, 89, 161, 162, 168-170, 294, et seq.
Denotation, 88, 89, 157, 158, 159, 162, 168, 179-184, 218, 219, 294 et seq., 368-369, 383, 384, 386
De Quatrefages, on distinctions between animal and human intelligence, 17-19;
on intelligence of a dog, 198;
on poverty of savage languages in abstract terms, 351
Dog, seeking water in hollows, 51;
making allowance for driftway, 52;
generic ideas shown by, 54, 352;
chasing imaginary pigs, 56;
idea of causation shown by, 59, 60;
pointing and backing of, 97, 98;
other gesture signs made by, 99, 100, 221;
understanding of written signs by, 101, 102;
understanding of words by, 124, 125;
alleged articulation by, 128;
Indian sign for barking, 146;
recognizing pictorial representations, 188;
practising concealment and hypocrisy, 198;
ejective ideation of, 198;
receptual self-consciousness of, 199;
counting by, 215;
begging before a bitch, 221;
deaf-mute’s articulate name of, 367
Donaldson on demonstrative elements, 244
Dublin Review on psychology of judgment, 166, 167
Dumas, Alex., on sign-making, 111
Du Ponceau on language of savages, 349, 351
E
Ecitons. See Ants
Egyptian language. See Language
Elephant, intelligence of, 98
Ellis on early English pronunciation, 373
Emerson on fundamental metaphor, 344
Emotions of man and brutes compared, 7
Empty words, 246
Encyclopædia Britannica (1857), on the origin of speech, 240
English language. See Language
Etruscan language. See Language
F
Farrar, Archdeacon, on demonstrative elements, 244;
on invention of languages by children, 263;
on roots of language, 268, 358;
on origin of the verb, 275;
on paucity of words in vocabulary of English labourers, 280;
on objective phraseology of young children and early man, 301;
on the substantive verb, 309;
on fundamental metaphor, 344;
on language of savages in respect of abstraction, 350;
on absence of subjective personal pronouns in early forms of speech, 421
Feejee language. See Language
Fire only made by man, 19
Fitzgerald, P. F., on self-consciousness, 212
Flight, capability of, in insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals, 156, 157
Forbes, James, on intelligence of monkeys, 100
Frogs, understanding by, of tones of human voice, 124
G
Galton, Francis, on ideas as generic images, 23;
on relation of thought to speech, 83;
on intelligence of Dammaras, 215
Garnett, on nature and analysis of the verb, 275, 307, 309-312;
on sentence-words, 300;
on primitive forms of predication, 318;
on fundamental metaphor, 344, 358;
on absence of subjective cases of pronouns in early forms of speech, 421
Geiger, on ideas, 45;
on dependence of thought upon language, 83;
on understanding of words by brutes, 127;
on roots of language, 268, 273, 336;
on distinction between ideas as general and generic, 279;
on increasing conceptuality of terms with increase of culture, 280;
on the impossibility of language having ever consisted exclusively of general terms, 282;
on Heyse’s theory of the origin of speech, 289;
on onomatopœia, 292;
on the vanishing point of language, 314, 354;
on fundamental metaphor as illustrated by names of tools, 345, 346,
and words of moral significance, 346, 347;
on the sense of sight in relation to the origin of speech, 366, 367;
on Homo alalus, 380
General ideas. See Ideas
Generalization. See Ideas
Generic ideas. See Recepts
Genitive case, philology of, 305, 385
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isid., on a monkey recognizing pictorial representations, 188
Geology, imperfect record of, 19
Gesture. See Language
Gibbon. See Apes
Goethe on obliteration of original meanings of words, 284
Goodbehere, S., on sign-making by a pony, 97
Gorilla. See Apes
Greek. See Language
Green, Professor, on self-consciousness, 212
Grimace. See Language
Grimm, on the origin of speech, 240;
on names for thunder, 286;
on fundamental metaphor, 344
H
Haeckel, Professor, on Homo alalus, 370, 380;
on sounds made by apes, 374
Hague on sign-making by ants, 93, 94
Hale, Dr. H., on spontaneous invention of words by children, 138-144;
on the origin of languages, 259-263
Hamilton, Sir William, on ideas as abstract and general, 24, 25, 79, 80
Harper, F., on Greek tenses, 301
Haughton, Sir Graves, on roots of languages, 275
Hebrew. See Language
Hegel, on absence in brutes of the idea of causality, 58;
on self-consciousness, 212
Heinieke on words spontaneously invented by deaf-mutes, 367
Hen, different tones used by, as signs to chickens, &c., 96
Herder, on the origin of speech, 240;
on the original concretism of language, 359
Herzen on self-consciousness, 212