Heyse, on onomatopœia, 285, 287;
on the origin of speech, 289;
on fundamental metaphor, 344;
on poverty of savage languages in abstract terms, 351
Hobbes on the copula, 172, 173
Hogg on a dog understanding words, 125
Holden on the vocabularies of children, 372, 373
Homo. See Man
Horace on the origin of speech, 240
Horse, sign-making by, 97
Hoste, Sir W., on intelligence of monkeys, 101
Hottentots, language of, 291, 373, 374
Houzeau, on dogs seeking water in hollows, 51;
on tones used by the common hen as signs, 96;
on danger signals of birds, 369
Hovelacque, on demonstrative elements, 244;
on auxiliary words, 247;
on formulæ of language-structure, 248;
on affinities of languages, 250, 255;
on limitations of consonantal sounds in various languages, 373
Huber on sign-making by insects, 88-90
Human. See Man
Humboldt on the origin of speech, 240
Hun, Dr. E. R., on spontaneous invention of words by young children, 140-143
Hungarian language. See Language
Huxley, Professor, on importance of the evolution theory in relation to anthropology, 2, 3;
on animal automatism, 11;
on the brain-weight of man as compared with that of anthropoid apes, 16;
on importance of language to development of human thought, 134;
on smallness of anatomical difference which determines or prevents power of articulation, 153, 370, 371;
on psychology of judgment, 164;
on erect attitude assumed by gibbon and gorilla, 381, 382
I
Icelandic language. See Language
Ideas, definition and classification of, 20-39;
as recepts, chap. iii.;
as concepts, chap. iv.;
as general and generic, 38, 39, 68, 69, 276-281, 336, 337;
of causation in brutes, 58-60,
and in man, 210;
of uneducated deaf-mutes, 149-151;
psychological classification of artificial, 234-237;
Idiots, psychology of, 104, 105;
meaningless and imitative articulation by, 121;
ideation of, 152
Incorporating. See Languages
Indians, sign-making by, 105-113;
languages of, 249, 255, 259, 260
Indicative phase of language. See Language
Indicative signs, or stage of language. See Language
Indo-European languages. See Languages
Infant. See Child
Inflectional. See Languages
Instinct, defined, 7;
of man and brutes compared, 7, 8
Intellect of man and brutes compared, 9
Introspection. See Self-consciousness
Isolating. See Languages
J
Jackdaw, sign-making by, 97
James on language of savages, 349
Javanese language. See Language
Johnson, Capt., on intelligence of monkeys, 100, 101
Jones, Sir W., on the origin of speech, 240
Judgment, unconscious or intuitive, 48, 49, 189;
J. S. Mill upon, 48;
psychology of, 163-237;
G. H. Lewes upon, 164;
Professor Huxley upon, 164;
Professor Max Müller upon, 165;
in relation to recepts, concepts, and thought, 163-193;
Professor Sayce upon, 170;
pre-conceptual, 227-230, 278, 384, 386;
blank form of, 166, 167, 319, 320
K
Khetshua language. See Language
Kleinpaul on gesture language, 120
L
Landois on sign-making by bees, 90
Langley, S. P., on intelligence of a spider, 62, 63
Language, in relation to brain-weight, 16;
abstraction dependent on, 25, 30-39;
not always necessary to thought, 81-83;
etymology and different signification of the word, 85;
categories of, 85-89;
as sign-making exhibited by brutes, 88-102;
of tone and gesture, 104-120;
articulate, spontaneously imitated by children, 138-143;
of tone and gesture in relation to words, 145-162;
stages of, as indicative, denotative, connotative, denominative, and predicative, 157-193;
in relation to self-consciousness, 212;
growth of, in child, 218-237;
theories concerning origin of, in race, 238-242, 361-384;
evolution of, 240-245, 264, 265;
differentiation of, into parts of speech, 294-320, 339-342;
demonstrative elements of, 243-245;
of savages deficient in abstract terms, 349-353;
Chinese, 246, 253, 256, 257, 265, 266, 298, 300, 317, 338, 373;
Magyar, 253;
Turkish, 253;
Etruscan, 258;
Hungarian, 259;
Malay, 259, 301, 305, 311, 351;
Latin, 267;
English, 247, 259, 266, 338, 348, 373;
Khetshua, 263;
Taic, 305;
Sanskrit, 266-277, 301, 309, 354;
Zend, 309;
Lithuanic, 309;
Icelandic, 309;
Coptic, 310;
Javanese, 311;
Malagassy, 311;
Philippine, 311;
Syriac, 311;
Dayak, 317;
Feejee, 318;
Cheyenne, 348;
Australian, 351;
Eskimo, 351;
Zulu, 351;
Tasmanian, 352;
Kurd, 352;
Japanese, 373;
classification of, 245-251;
isolating, radical, or monosyllabic, 245, 246, 267, 268;
agglutinative or agglomerative, 247;
inflective or transpositive, 247, 248;
polysynthetic or incapsulating, 249;
incorporating, 245-250;
analytic, 250;
affinities of, 250-259;
native American, 249, 255, 259-263, 265, 311, 342, 348, 349, 351;
African, 260, 263, 291, 337, 338, 351, 373, 374;
Aryan and Indo-European, 266-278, 298, 304, 309, 314, 423;
Romance, 308;
Polynesian, 318
Latham, Dr., on the growth of language, 241;
on language of savages in respect of abstraction, 351, 352
Latin, roots of, 267.
See also Language
Laura Bridgman, her syntax, 116;
her instinctive articulate sounds, 122
on origin of speech, 361
Lee, Mrs., on talking birds, 130
Lefroy, Sir John, on intelligence of a dog, 99
Leibnitz on teaching a dog to articulate, 128
Leroy on intelligence of wolf, 53;
Lewes, G. H., on the logic of feelings and of signs, 47;
on judgment, 164;
on pre-perception, 185
Links between ape and man missing, 19
Lithuanic language. See Language
Locke on ideas, 20-23, 28-30, 65, 342
Logic, of recepts, chap. iii.;
of concepts, 47, and chap. iv.
Long on gesture-language, 120
Lubbock, Sir John, on communication by ants, 94, 95;
on teaching a dog written signs, 101, 102
Lucretius on the origin of speech, 240
Ludwig on demonstrative elements, 244
M
Magyar language. See Language
Malagassy language. See Language
Malay language. See Language
Malle, Dureau de la, on intelligence of brutes, 12
Mallery, Lieut.-Col., on sign-making by Indians and deaf-mutes, &c., 105-112, 117-120;
on teaching a dog to articulate, 128;
on sign for a barking dog, 146;
on genetic relation between gestures and words, 342, 348, 349
Man, antecedent remarks on psychology of, 4-6;
points of resemblance between his psychology and that of brutes, 6-10;
points of difference, 10-39;
intelligence of savage, 13, 16, 17, 215, 337, 338, 349-353,
and of palæolithic and neolithic, 14, 213, 214;
corporeal structure of, 19;
animism of savage and primitive, 275;
speechless, 277;
differences between infantile, and infantile child as regards development of speech, 329-334;
use of personal pronoun by early, 300, 301, 387-389;
hypotheses as to mode of origin of, from brute, 361-389;
superior use by, of the sense of sight, 366, 367;
possibly speechless condition of early, 370-379
Mansel, Dean, on ideas as general and abstract, 42
Maudsley, Dr., on self-consciousness, 212
Maury on poverty of savage languages in abstract terms, 351
M’Cook, Rev. Dr., on sign-making by ants, 95
Metaphor, importance of, in evolution of speech, 343-349
Meunier, on the understanding of words by brutes, 125;
on talking birds, 130
Midas, a, recognizing pictorial representations, 188
Mill, James, on the copula, 173
Mill, John Stuart, on ideas as abstract and concrete, 25;
on the logic of feelings and of signs, 41, 42;
on judgment, 48;
on connotation and denomination, 169;
on conception, 172;
on the copula, 173;
on predication, 236
Milligan on poverty of savage languages in abstract terms, 352
Mind, undergoes evolution, 4-6;
of man and brute compared, 7-39;
classification of faculties of artificial, 234
Missing links, 19
Mivart, St. George, on psychology of brutes, 10, 177;
on animal automatism, 11;
on superiority of savage mind to simian, 16;
on absence in brutes of the idea of causality, 58;
on relation of thought to speech, 83;
on categories of language, 85, 86;
on rationality of brutes, 87;
on psychology of judgment, 165-167;
on thought and reflection, 177, 178
Mixed ideas. See Ideas
Moffat, R., on invention of languages by children, 263
Monboddo on the origin of speech, 240
Monkeys, general intelligence of, 60, 61, 100, 101;
discovering mechanical principles, 60, 61, 213, 214;
more intelligent and imitative than parrots, 153;
recognizing pictorial representations, 188;
understanding words, 369;
using stones to open oysters, 382
Monosyllabic. See Languages
Morality, alleged to distinguish man from brute, 17-19, 346;
terms relating to, derived from ideas morally indifferent, 346, 347
Morshead, E. J., on comparative psychology, 37
Moschkan, Dr. A., on talking birds, 130
Müller, F., on sign-making by bees, 90
Müller, J., on absence in brutes of the idea of causality, 58
Müller, Professor Friedrich, on ideas, 45;
on language, as not identical with thought, 83;
on classification of languages, 245;
on sentence-words, 296;
on undifferentiated language of child, 297;
on origin of pronouns, 302;
on the genitive case, 305;
on the origin of speech, 362
Müller, Professor F. Max, on ideas, 42, 43;
on language as necessary to thought, 81, 83;
on psychology of judgment, 165;
on the copula, 173;
on origin of the personal pronoun, 210;
on evolution of language, 241;
on demonstrative elements, 244, 423;
on roots of Sanskrit, 267-289;
on undifferentiated language of young children, 296, 317;
on sentence-words, 298-300, 317;
on gesture origin of pronouns, 302,
and of language in general, 354;
on origin of adjectives, 306;
on the origin of verbs, 307;
on Chinese sentence-words, 317;
on Aristotle’s logic as based on Greek grammar, 320, 321;
on philology proving that human thought has proceeded from the abstract to the concrete, 334-336;
on names necessarily implying concepts, 336, 337;
on fundamental metaphor, 344, 345;
on imperfection of early names, 356;
on the evolution of parts of speech, 423;
on the general theory of evolution, 432, 433
N
Names, in relation to abstract and generic ideas, 31, 32, 57, 58, 70-78, 174, 273-281, 336-339;
not always necessary for thoughts, 81-83;
or thoughts for them, 226, 336-339
Natterer, J., on the languages of Brazil, 263
Negro, intelligence of, 13;
Mr. Mivart’s use of the term to illustrate the psychology of predication, 166, 235
Neuter insects, instincts of, 297-299
Nodier, on onomatopœia, 288;
on metaphor, 344
Noiré, on ideas, 43;
on the origin of speech, 288, 289, 379-381;
on the origin of pronouns, 302;
on fundamental metaphor, 344, 345
Nominalism, 145
Noun-substantives, appropriately used by parrots, 129, 152;
early use of, by children, 218;
of earlier linguistic growth than verbs or pronouns, 275;
not differentiated in early forms of speech, 295 et seq.;
oblique cases of, as attribute-words, 306, 385
O
Onomatopœia, in nursery-language, 136, 244;
in relation to the origin of speech, 282-293, 339
Orang-outang. See Apes
Oregon, climate and native languages of, 262
P
Palæontology. See Geology
Parrots, talking of, 128-138;
use of indicative signs by, 158;
denotative and connotative powers of, 179-191, 222-226;
Particular ideas. See Ideas
Parts of speech, differentiation of language into, 294-320, 339-342, 423