Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific Between 1896 and 1899, Volume 1 / Vanua Levu, Fiji

Note.—It has been deemed best to follow the example of the Admiralty surveys in the spelling of native names. In this book, therefore—

• Abbreviations, for rock descriptions, 236
• Acicastello, Sicily, basalt and palagonite, 347
• Acid and basic rocks, regions of, 219, 374
• Agassiz, Prof. A., 294, 373, 376, 377
• Agates, 138, 139, 227, 353, 354
• Agglomerates; see Volcanic agglomerates
• Algæ in hot springs, 24, 25, 33, 38
• Alps, magnetic rocks of the, 362, 363
• Altered rocks; see Propylites, etc.
• Andesites, acid, 98-108, 112, 123-127, 193, 194;
  • relative frequency of, 235;
  • classification of, 293-306;
  • distribution of, 374;
  • peaks in basaltic flows, 104, 115, 116, 374;
  • altered, 105, 297;
  • columnar, 102, 104;
  • pre-basaltic, 375
• Andrews, Mr. E. C., 7, 22, 294, 350, 378
• Artesian reservoirs, 39
• Augite, crystals of, in tuffs, 45, 182, 193
• Augite-andesites, 51, 162, 199, 204, 209, 232, 235, 294, etc.;
  • classification of, 239, 245, 246, 266-284;
  • distribution of, 374;
  • aphanitic, 117-120, 125, 162, 168, 279;
  • relative frequency of, 235;
  • see Basaltic andesites
• Avuka, range, 179
• Axes, stone, structure of, 383

• Bare-poll, peak, near Soni-soni, 93
• Barrack, Mr. A. H., 27, 123
• Barrack, Mr. Alex., 364
• Barratt, Mr., 68
• Barrier-reef, great, of Fiji; see under Submarine plateau
• ^[169]Basaltic andesites, 47, 56, 64, 75, 108, 123, 137, 147, 148, 160, 164, 190, 204, 206, 208, 288;
  • classification of, 239, 266, 278;
  • distribution of, 374
• Basaltic rocks, extensive disintegration of, 57, 64, 72, 129
• Basaltic flows surrounding hills of acid andesite, 104, 115, 116, 374
• Basaltic plains and plateaux, 6, 55, 62, 82, 107, 128-135, 373
• Basaltic submarine flows, 338, 342, 344, 346, 347, 372, 375;
  • see under Submarine plateau and Basaltic plains
• Basalts, columnar, 3, 63, 78, 83, 84, 85, 123, 129, 133, 147, 170, 173, 203, 260, 284
• Basalts, ophitic, 50, 74, 114, 133, 137, 138, 155, 159, 162, 191, 204, 213, 252, 256, 347;
  • the ophitic habit, 237, 238;
  • ophitic sub-orders, 236, 241-245;
  • ophitic genera, 256, 262, 272-276, 283
• Basalts, olivine, relation of black and grey, 89, 90;
  • classification of, 239, 241-244, 252-265;
  • relative frequency of, 235;
  • distribution of, 374
• Basalts, grey olivine, 65-67, 73-75, 77, 89, 253-255, 257, 261, 263
• Basalts, highly basic, 258
• Basalts, of Acicastello, 347;
  • of Mbua and Ndama plains, 58, 134, 262, 278;
  • of Ndreketi plains, 133, 134;
  • of Sarawanga plains, 129, 134, 262;
  • of Savu-savu peninsula, 190, 288;
  • of Seatura, 63-72, 85;
  • of Solevu Bay, 75-77;
  • of Wainunu, 85;
  • of Ulu-i-ndali, 89
• Basalts associated with palagonite, 347
• Basic glass, 312, 338;
  • see Pitchstone, Crush-tuffs, Hyalomelan-tuffs
• Bastite, 182, 297
• Baur, Mr., 380
• Blyth, Mr., 123
• Brady, Mr. H. B., 322, 376
• Breccias; see Volcanic agglomerates
• Bronzite, 182
• Bromlow, Dr., 29
• Büchner, Dr. Max, 22
• Bulling, Mr., 32, 36, 232
• Bunsen, on palagonite, 343, 344

• Carbonate of iron, concretions of, 227, 351, 356
• Carcharodon, 376
• Chalcedony, 13, 138, 162, 183, 199, 226-22, 350-355;
  • see Agate, Onyx, Flints
• Chalmers, Mr., 233
• Charts, old and new compared, 18, 19
• Chert, 355
• Classification of volcanic rocks, 235
• Coleoptera of Fiji, 377
• Columnar structure; see Basalt, Acid andesite, Dacite, Oligoclase-trachyte
• Combe, Commander, 15
• Cooper, Mr. H. S., 29
• Coral reefs, upheaved, 7-12, 189, 200, 201, 318;
  • their absence in the higher levels, 7, 8, 12, 19, 375
• Craters, traces of, 44, 52, 67, 80, 166, 186, 192, 195, 202
• Crush-tuffs, 55, 94, 149, 157, 341;
  • general description, 334;
  • see below
• Crushing of basic glass;
  • in veins, 340, 341;
  • on surface of a submarine flow, 93, 338;
  • in matrix of pitchstone-agglomerate and in rubbly pitchstone, 94, 142, 145, 157, 313;
  • its connection with palagonite, 93, 339, 340-342, 346
• Cumming, Miss Gordon, 22, 25, 29

• Dacites, 3, 5, 100, 108, 235, 294, 304;
  • columnar, 101, 102;
  • definition of the term, 295;
  • classification and characters, 240, 302;
  • see Acid andesites
• Dall, Dr., 376
• Dana, Prof., 3, 10, 11, 16, 21, 26, 72, 84, 129, 135, 218, 309, 363
• Darwin, Mr., on barrier-reefs, 373
• Datum-mark, 195
• David, Prof., 376
• Deep-sea deposits, 337
• Delanasau, 68
• Dillon’s Rock, 45
• Diorite, 182, 193, 235, 249, 251
• Doelter, on hornblende paramorphism, 308
• Doleritic, use and definition of the term, 236, 238, 259, 274
• Dolomite, 7
• Drayton, peak; see Mariko
• Dykes, 51, 54, 63, 68-72, 78, 81, 142, 144, 148, 155, 156, 163, 164, 170, 171, 184, 199, 202, 209, 216, 220, 233, 234, 267, 268, 270, 277, 280, 282;
  • their two sets of felspar-lathes, 238

• Eakle, Mr., 293, 294
• Earthquakes, 37
• Emergence of Vanua Levu, 1, 7-20, 321, 376-379;
  • age of, 376
• Etna, mount, coast springs of, 39;
  • dykes in Valle del Bove, 237;
  • magnetic bomb, 364

• Fairmaire, M., 377
• Faro, island, Solomon Group, 2
• Fawn, harbour, 9, 200, 318
• Felsitic andesites, 106, 108, 295, 300;
  • see Acid andesites and Dacites
• Felsitic groundmass, as employed in classification, 236, 239, 240, 249
• Felsitic orders, 249, 291, 297, 300, 302
• Felspar-lathes in classification, 236, 241
• Fern, tree, silicified caudex of, 360
• Fish-scales, fossil, 154
• Flints, 13, 81, 83, 138, 139, 222, 226, 350-360
• Floating islands, 225
• Floras of Fiji, Hawaii, and Tonga, 379
• Flow-arrangement in classification, 236-238
• Folgheraiter, Dr., 362, 365
• Foraminiferal limestones, 130-132, 202, 318
• Foraminiferous deposits (tuffs, muds, clays), 96, 109, 130, 134, 136, 139, 149, 154, 161, 170, 198, 205;
  • description of, 321-333;
  • altered, 324-326;
  • thickness of, 156;
  • see Globigerina deposits and Palagonite-tuffs
• Fossilised trees, 233
• Freeland, Mount, 2, 6, 203-206, 269, 274

• Gabbros, 180, 182, 184, 211, 235;
  • classification of, 239, 240;
  • characters, 249, 250;
  • see Plutonic rocks
• Geikie, Sir A., 375
• Giant sedge; see Scirpodendron
• Globigerina deposits, 10, 55, 131, 158, 177, 187, 189, 190, 221, 321-326, 344;
  • see Foraminiferous deposits
• Globigerina limestone, 319
• Gold, alluvial, in Vanua Levu, 116
• Granular pyroxene, the sub-orders characterised by, 236, 241, &c.
• Greenstones; see Propylites
• Groundmass, characters of, used in classification, 236-238

• Haig, Major, on magnetic rocks, 363
• Hale Peak, 210, 212
• Hanusz, on floating islands, 226
• Harker, Mr., 362, 367, 379
• Harman’s Point, 191
• Hawaii, 2, 38, 85, 363;
  • flora of, 379;
  • coast springs of, 38
• Hedley, Mr., 376, 380
• Hekla, Mount, 375
• Holmes, Mr., 68
• Hornblende, magmatic paramorphism of, 293, 299, 301, 303;
  • process described, 306
• Hornblende-andesites, 91, 184, 193, 194, 201, 235, 294;
  • see Acid andesites and hornblende-hypersthene andesites
• Hornblende-gabbro, 184, 249, 250
• Hornblende-hypersthene-andesites, 240, 298-302
• Horne, Mr., 10, 21, 22, 25, 34, 55, 141, 143, 194, 195, 203, 225;
  • see the preface
• Hornstone, 350
• Hot springs, general description of, 21-42;
  • list of, 40;
  • analysis, 28;
  • distribution in Vanua Levu, 36, 138, 233
• Humboldt, A. von, on magnetic rocks, 361, 365
• Hussak, on magmatic paramorphism, 308
• Hutton, 380
• Hyalomelan tuffs, 47, 80, 110, 333, 334
• Hydrothermal metamorphism; see Solfataric
• Hypersthene; see Pyroxene, rhombic
• Hypersthene-andesites, 294, 296
• Hypersthene-augite-andesites, 5, 52 147, 161, 164, 168, 171, 173-175, 178, 179, 182, 186, 190, 199, 201, 203, 208, 211, 230;
  • classification, 240, 247, 248;
  • characters of the orders and sub-orders, 285-292;
  • relative frequency, 235;
  • distribution, 374

• Iceland, Vanua Levu compared to, 374, 375
• Iddings, Mr., 306
• Iron ore; see Limonite
• Iron sand, magnetic, 83, 106, 357
• Ironstone gravel, 356
• Islands, permanence of, 380, 381

• Jackson, Dr. C. T., 28
• Jasper, 13, 121, 139, 199, 350, 351, 355
• Johnston-Lavis, Dr., 347, 375

• Kalakala, Mount, 103, 305
• Kalikoso District, 10, 15, 224-228, 350, 356, 358
• Kandavu, 293, 306;
  • hot springs of, 22
• Kavula, 65, 66
• Kia Island, 2
• Kioa Island, 2
• Kiombo Coast, 92
• Kleinschmidt, 22, 25, 293, 350
• Koro, significance as a prefix; see Place-Names
• Koro-i-rea Hill, 75, 77
• Korolevu Hill, 45;
  • natural section near, 48
• Korolevu River, 62, 64
• Koroma, Mount, 3, 51, 285
• Koro-mbasanga Mountain, 166-169, 289;
  • name wrongly applied in Admiralty charts, 5, 172
• Koro-navuta, 135
• Koro-ni-valu; see under Towns
• Koro-ni-yalewa Mountain, 117
• Koro-tambu Mountain, 167, 171
• Korotasere, 208
• Korotini Bluff, 156
• Korotini Range or Tableland, 5, 153-165, 167, 325
• Koro-utari, 163
• Koro-wiri, 139
• Kumbulau Peninsula, 90-95
• Kuru-kuru District, 228

• Lambasa coast, 218
• Lambasa Plains, 138, 351
• Lambasa River, 15, 138
• Landslips, effects of, 111, 178, 327
• Langa-langa River, 220, 225
• Lango-lango River, 122
• Lau Group, 7, 294, 378
• Lava-flows, indications of sub-aerial, 52, 71, 119, 133, 152, 187, 190, 213, 232
• Lea District, 199
• Lekumbi Point, 12, 19, 60
• Lekutu District, coast of, 11, 50, 273;
  • plains, 128, 351, 353, 356;
  • promontory, 16, 18;
  • river, 18, 62, 65
• Limestones, recrystallisation of, 131;
  • coral, 318;
  • see Foraminiferal limestones
• Limonite, deposits of, 56, 132, 138, 226, 228, 351, 352, 356, 359
• Lister, Mr., 378
• Liversidge, Prof., 29
• Liwa-liwa, 119
• Loma-loma Ridge, 141
• Lovo Valley, 169-173
• Lovutu, 156

• Macdonald, Dr., 21
• Magma lakelets, 47, 71, 92, 273, 276, 277;
  • description of, 339-342, 346, 347
• Magmatic paramorphism; see Hornblende
• Magnetic iron sand, 83, 106, 357
• Magnetic peaks and rocks, 77, 108, 174, 186, 361-371
• Mako-mako Hill, 103
• Mali Island, 2, 218
• Mali Point, 218
• Malolo Island, 294
• Mangrove belt, bare tracts in, 11, 14;
  • relation to reef-flat, 13;
  • rate of growth, 15, 19
• Mangrove islands, growth of, 16, 17
• Mariko, range and peak of, 5, 173, 185-189, 289, 368
• Martin, Prof., of Leyden, 376
• Masusu District, 84
• Mauna Kea, 2
• Mauna Loa, 2, 3, 363
• Mauritius, magnetic rocks of, 363
• Mbale-mbale District, 143, 313;
  • river, 150
• Mbatini Mountain, 5, 166, 172-174, 367
• Mbati-ni-kama, hot springs of, 33
• Mbatiri, 134, 324
• Mbenutha Cliffs, 109-111, 323
• Mbona-lailai Mountain, 101
• Mbua District, 3, 36, 37, 47;
  • bay, 18;
  • coast, 12
• Mbua and Ndama Plains, 55-58, 356
• Mbua-Lekutu Divide, 55, 297
• Mbua shell-bed, 12, 58
• Mbuthai-sau Valley, 218, 219
• Mbutu-mbutu River, 79, 279
• Middle Point, 137
• Mountain ridges and their structure; see under Ridge-mountains
• Mountain-towns; see Towns
• Muanaira, 198
• Mumu Peak, 108-110
• Murray, Sir J., 337, 373

• Naikovu Rock, 364
• Nailotha Mountain, 6, 214-216, 310
• Naindi Bay, 8, 189, 191, 195, 318
• Naindi Gap, 189, 192
• Naithekoro, 190
• Naithombothombo, point, 54;
  • range, 229
• Naivaka, 2, 3, 11, 18, 43-45, 261
• Na-kalou, 133
• Na Kama, Savu-savu, 25;
  • Lambasa, 32
• Nakambuta District, 148-150
• Nakarambo, 208
• Na Kula, valley, 184;
  • range, 230
• Nambuna District, 106
• Nambuni Spur, 144
• Nambuonu, hot springs, 32
• Nandi Bay, 78
• Nandi Gorge, 69, 78, 278
• Nandongo, island, 16, 17;
  • town, 216;
  • hot springs, 33
• Nandronandranu district, 117-121
• Nandroro District, 66
• Nandua District, 86, 320, 344
• Nanduri District, 11, 14, 135, 136
• Nangara-ravi Cave, 141
• Nangara-vutu, 205
• Nangorongoro Peak; see Ngaingai
• Na Raro Gap, 127
• Na Raro Mountain, 2, 5, 123-127, 296, 301, 305
• Narawai District, 66
• Nareilangi, 124
• Narengali District, 140, 147, 149
• Narikosa Point, 220
• Na Salia, 151
• Na Savu, tableland, 79-81;
  • falls, 79, 279
• Na Seyanga, 108
• Na Sinu, 146
• Na Suva Range, 64
• Na Suva-suva Hill, 192, 369
• Natasa Bay, 209
• Natewa Bay, north-coast, 9, 208, 209, 291
• Natewa Peninsula, 6, 9, 197-206
• Nativi, 50
• Natoarau, hot springs, 23;
  • river, 158
• Na Tokalau, 91
• Natoto Hill, 229
• Natua District, 134, 149, 323
• Natuvo or Natuvu, hot springs, 33, 209
• Naumann on polaric lavas, 364
• Navakaravi Hot Springs, 34
• Navakavura, 96
• Na Vatu Islet, 94
• Navetau, 205
• Naviavia Islet, 8
• Navingiri, 46
• Navuni, 202;
  • hot springs, 35
• Navuningumu, 108-112, 303, 368
• Nawavi, range, 135;
  • hot springs near, 31
• Nawi or Na Wi, island, 26, 192;
  • hamlet, 211
• Ndaku-ndaku, bay, 208;
  • hot springs, 34
• Ndama, river and valley, 62, 67, 68, 71;
  • plains, 55-58
• Ndavutu, district and river, 87;
  • for hot springs; see Wainunu
• Ndawathumi, 64, 80
• Ndevo district, 205;
  • hot springs, 35
• Ndoendamu Mountain, 209, 212
• Ndrandramea, district, 2, 3, 83, 296;
  • map, 99;
  • description, 98-112
• Ndrandramea Mount, 102, 296, 300, 304, 368
• Ndranimako, 96, 322, 351
• Ndrawa, district, 120, 281;
  • river, 118, 120
• Ndreke-ni-wai, Natewa Bay, 200, 203;
  • hot springs, 34
• Ndreke-ni-wai, Savu-savu Bay, 150, 152
• Ndreketi, river, 15, 128, 132, 383;
  • plains, 132, 273, 351
• Ndriti Basin, 67-72, 268, 270, 282
• Ndrukau Mountain, 213
• New Hebrides, 1
• Ngaingai Mountain, 100, 296, 302, 304, 368
• Ngala Mountain; see Freeland
• Ngalau-levu Range, 6, 199, 200, 370
• Ngangaturuturu Cliffs, 119
• Ngau Island, hot springs of, 22
• Ngawa River, 138
• Ngelemumu, 180, 219
• Ngone Hill, 183
• Nukumbolo, district, 151, 161, 162;
  • hot springs, 24
• Nukunase or Nuku-ngase, 50, 270
• Nukumbalavu, 190
• Nuku-ndamu, 232
• Numbu, 227
• Numbu-ni-a-vula, 176

• Oddone on magnetic rocks, 362
• Oligoclase-trachytes, 6, 207, 219, 229;
  • description of, 308;
  • distribution, 374;
  • altered, 214-216;
  • columnar, 215, 220, 230, 231, 233
• Olivine rocks, classification of, 239
• Olivine-basalts; see Basalts, olivine
• Ono Island, hot springs, 22;
  • acid andesite, 293;
  • flints, 350
• Onyx, 139, 227, 228, 353
• Opal, 162, 163, 183, 351, 353
• Ophitic basalts, their relation to palagonite, 347
• Ophitic structure, as used in classification, 236, 237, 238
• Ophitic sub-orders and genera, synopsis of, 241-248;
  • description of, 256, 272-276, 283
• Orthophyric groundmass, as used in classification, 236, 237, 239, 240
• Orthophyric orders and genera, 248, 290, 296, 297, 299
• Ovalau, 294, 350

• Palagonite, chapter on, 337-349;
  • see also Palagonite-tuffs, Crush-tuffs, Crushing of basic glass, Pitchstone &c.
• Palagonite of Acicastello, 347
• Palagonite tuffs, classification and characters, 317-336;
  • zeolitic, 334;
  • marls, 335, 344;
  • modes of occurrence, 5, 48, 53, 80, 81, 95, 96, 117, 118-122, 130, 131, 141, 143, 145, 148, 156-161, 169, 177, 193, 198, 202, 213
• Palagonite, hydration and degradation of, 329, 348
• Phenocrysts, their use in classification, 236
• Pickering, Mr., 35
• Pieper, Dr. O., 28
• Pilsbry, Dr., 380
• Pitchstone agglomerates and rubbly pitchstones, petrological characters, 312, 313;
  • evidence of crushing and its connection with palagonite, 92-94, 142, 145, 157, 312, 313, 334, 340-342, 346 (see Palagonite, Crush-tuffs, Crushing of basic glass);
  • mode of occurrence, 105, 108, 142, 157, 169, 229, 230, 309
• ^[170]Place-names, meaning of Fijian, 75, 79, 102, 119, 151, 172
• Platania, Prof., 119, 347
• Plutonic rocks, general description, 249-251;
  • relative frequency, 235;
  • distribution, 249, 374;
  • mode of occurrence, 180, 182, 184, 185, 193, 211
• Polarity of magnetic rocks, 366-370
• Porphyrites, 136, 175, 181, 197, 199, 204, 211, 261, 268, 274, 299;
  • belong to many orders, 236
• Prismatic pyroxene of groundmass, its use in classification, 236, 241-248;
  • sub-orders and genera, 265, 270-272, 283, 287, 289, 298, 300, 302
• Profiles of Vanua Levu, 3-6, 62, 83, 107, 113, 153, 167, 173
• Propylites, 68-72, 106, 147, 162, 181, 191, 199, 204, 214, 215, 268-270, 282, 297;
  • origin of, 69, 72, 191
• Pteropod-ooze deposits, description of, 320;
  • mode of occurrence, 84, 86, 109, 139, 201, 205, 344
• Pumice-tuffs, acid, 6, 207, 218-223, 229-233;
  • general description, 336;
  • special descriptions, 218, 220, 231
• Pumice-tuffs, basic, 119, 333;
  • see Hyalomelan-tuffs
• Pyroxene of groundmass, as a basis of classification, 236;
  • see Granular pyroxene, Prismatic pyroxene, Ophitic structure, and Synopsis
• Pyroxene, rhombic, characters of, 285, 306;
  • intergrowths with monoclinic, 266, 306
• Pyroxene, derivation from hornblende, 306

• Quartz, crystals of, 106, 191, 354;
  • veins of, 106, 116
• Quartz-andesites; see Dacites
• Quartz-porphyries, mode of occurrence, 215, 219, 220, 226, 227, 229-233;
  • relative frequency, 235;
  • general description, 309-311;
  • distribution, 6, 207, 374
• Quartz-rock, 139, 351, 354

• Rainfall, 30, 68, 120
• Rambi, island, 2;
  • hot springs, 22
• Ravi-koro mountain, 159
• Ravi-ravi, 94
• Ravuka, 120;
  • hot spring, 31
• Renard, Prof., 293, 306, 338, 344
• Rewa District in Vanua Levu, 95, 96
• Rewa River, Viti Levu, changes at mouth, 16
• Rhyolites, 209;
  • see Quartz-porphyries
• Rhyolite-glass, 220, 311
• Rhyolitic-tuffs; see Pumice-tuffs, acid
• Ridge-mountains, their general appearance, 2, 6, 146, 153, 185, 210, 374;
  • their structure and mode of origin, 75, 145, 156, 165, 166, 171, 172, 177-180, 182, 188, 202, 210-212, 216, 234;
  • final conclusion, 375
• Rivers; see under Ndreketi, Lambasa Sarawanga, Wainikoro, &c.
• Rivers, eroding power of, 62
• Rocholl, Mr. H., 29
• Rosenbusch, Prof., 306, 344
• Ruku-ruku Bay, 53, 269

• Salt Lake District, 2, 6, 9, 192-196
• Sarawanga Plains, 15, 129-132, 351, 356
• Sarawanga River, 15, 62, 129-131
• Satulaki, 176, 268
• Savarekareka Bay, 190, 326
• Savulu, 118
• Savu-riti Mountain, 210, 212
• Savu-savu Hot Springs, 21, 25-30, 189
• Savu-savu Peninsula, 189-192, 288
• Sawa-ndrondro, 185
• Scirpodendron costatum (Giant Sedge), 79, 83
• Scoriaceous lava; see Lava flows
• Sealevu District, 146, 155, 156
• Sealevu Divide, 136
• Seatovo Range, 73-75
• Seatura, mountain, 2, 3, 56, 253, 261, 374;
  • general description of, 61-72;
  • old town of, 67
• Sections across Vanua Levu, 62, 107;
  • see also Profiles
• Seemann, Dr., 55
• Sella, on magnetic rocks, 362
• Semi-opal, 351, 353
• Sesaleka Mountain, 3, 12, 53
• Siliceous concretions, 81, 83, 96, 132, 135, 351-355
• Siliceous rock, blocks of, 126, 355
• Siliceous sinter, 24, 25, 32, 33, 37, 42
• Silicification, conditions of, 358
• Silicified corals, 10, 13, 81, 132, 135, 138, 139, 207, 221, 226-228;
  • theory of their origin, 228, 357;
  • general account of, 350-360
• Silicified fern rhizome, 360
• Silicified nullipores, 353, 354
• Singa-singa, 110
• Singatoka River, Viti Levu, 7
• Skinner, Mr. S., 367
• Skye, Isle of, magnetic rocks, 362
• Smallwood, Mr., 196
• Smythe, Colonel, 22, 195
• Soapstones; see Foraminiferous deposits
• Sokena Ridge, 167, 169, 172
• Solevu Bay, 75-78, 253
• Solfataric action on rocks, 52, 69, 72, 191
• Soloa-levu Mountain, 103-105, 115, 296, 305, 312, 374
• Solomon Islands, 1, 2, 294, 359
• Songombiau, 220
• Soni-soni Island, 93, 94
• Soro-levu Mountain, 172-174
• Spence, Mr. F., 193
• Spheroidal weathering in basalts, 57, 129
• Stromboli, 214, 315
• Submarine basaltic flows and eruptions; see Basaltic submarine flows
• Submarine plateau or platform of Fiji, 15, 18, 19, 56, 62, 72, 107, 372;
  • different explanations of, 373
• Submarine tuffs, 326-336
• Sueni District, 163
• Suess, Prof., on thermal springs, 39;
  • on changes in the sea-level, 20, 377
• Suva soapstone, 322, 376
• Synopsis of classification of volcanic rocks, 239-249

• Tachylyte or basic glass, 312, 337, 341, 343;
  • see Basic glass, Pitchstone, Hyalomelan, &c.
• Tahiti, 3, 72, 84, 363
• Talasinga Districts, 55, 57, 64, 128, 132, 133, 224, 352, 383
• Tambia, district, 137;
  • hot springs, 32
• Tambu-lotu District, 104, 105
• Tathelevu, 198
• Tavia, mountain, 121;
  • ranges, 121-123
• Tavua, 65
• Tawaki District, 209, 229, 230
• Tembe, 213, 214
• Tembe-ni-ndio District, 130, 131, 319
• Tenison-Woods, Rev., 376
• Thambeyu, mountain, 5, 167, 289, 315, 326;
  • description of, 176-179
• Thawaro Peak, 230
• Thermal springs; see Hot springs
• Thiele, Mr., 21
• Thoka-singa Mountain, 103, 249, 302, 305
• Thombo-thombo; see Naithombothombo
• Thomson, Mr. J. P., 31, 135, 210, 225
• Thongea, hot springs, 22;
  • basalt, 85
• Thoroddsen, on Hekla, 375
• Thuku, Mount, 6, 231, 308-310
• Thulanga; see Uthulanga
• Thurston Range, 5, 167, 176;
  • see Thambeyu
• Tonga Group, 1, 378, 379
• Tongalevu District, 62, 64, 279
• Towns, old sites of mountain, 53, 67, 101, 102, 108, 156, 170
• Trachytes; see Oligoclase-trachytes
• Tuffs, chapter on, 317-336;
  • foraminiferous, 326-333;
  • altered, 184, 187, 190, 332;
  • dacitic, 125, 126;
  • see Pumice tuffs, acid and basic; Hyalomelan tuffs; Palagonite tuffs; Crush tuffs;
  • mode of occurrence, 48, 90, 109, 119, 130, 156, 160, 177, 190, 205, 209, 215
• Tunuloa District, 205
• Tutu Island, 221

• Ulu-i-matua, 75, 76
• Ulu-i-mbau, 138, 139
• Ulu-i-ndali, 3, 83, 87-90, 253, 370
• Ulu-i-sori, 136
• Underwood, Lieut., 364
• Undu, district and promontory, 6, 10, 36, 228-234, 311, 360
• Upheaval; see Emergence
• Urata, 184, 298
• Uthulanga Ridge, 211, 286 (also named Thulanga)

• Vakalalatha Lake, 15, 225
• Valanga Range, 181-185
• Valavala Bay, 203
• Valeni, 122
• Va Lili, 5, 140-146
• Valleys, origin of, 2, 146, 151, 219
• Vandrani, district, 139, 159;
  • hot springs, 32
• Vanua Mbalavu, hot springs, 22
• Variolite, 150, 283, 313
• Vatui, 54, 369
• Vatu Kaisia, 5, 113-116, 296, 301, 305, 374, 375
• Vatu-karoa, 209, 282
• Vatu-karokaro, 54
• Vatu-kawa, river, 151;
  • district, 160
• Vatu-kerimasi, 101
• Vatu-lele Bay, 184
• Vatu-levoni, 139
• Vatuloaloa Hot Springs, 31
• Vatu Mata, 103
• Vatu-ndamu, 91
• Vatu-tangiri, 136, 144
• Vatu Vanaya, 101
• Vatu Vono Point, 88, 89
• Vatu-vono District, 121, 122
• Viene District, 198
• Visongo District, 221
• Viti Levu, 7, 18, 350, 364, 372
• Vitina, 223
• Volcanic agglomerates, general description of, 314-316;
  • their thickness, 110, 156, 171, 178, 315;
  • mode of occurrence, 5, 79, 91, 110, 112, 117, 141, 143, 144, 149, 155, 156, 161, 169-172, 176-179, 188, 193, 213, 214;
  • lying above submarine deposits usually palagonitic and often foraminiferous, 110, 141, 143, 149, 168, 169-171, 176-179, 188, 213, 214;
  • see Pitchstone-agglomerates and Landslips
• Volcanic bomb-formation, 46-48
• Volcanic mud deposits; see Foraminiferous deposits
• Volcanic necks, 54, 58, 90, 93, 95, 112, 183, 192, 230, 234, 253, 277, 283, 286, 375
• Volcanic rocks, classification of, 235;
  • distribution of, 374
• Vuinandi Bay, 208
• Vuinandi Gap, 175
• Vuinasanga, district, 145;
  • hot springs, 31
• Vui-na-savu, river and district, 222, 223, 225
• Vula Votu Peak, 176
• Vungalei Mountain, 212, 213, 315
• Vuni-ika Bay, 218
• Vunikondi, 232, 233, 282
• Vunimbele, 139;
  • hot springs, 33
• Vunimbua, district and river, 182, 183
• Vunimoli, hot springs and district, 33, 138, 139
• Vunisawana, district, 194;
  • hot springs, 34
• Vuni-tangaloa, 194
• Vunivuvundi District, 87

• Waikatakata, Natewa Bay, hot spring and district, 34, 203, 275
• Waikawa Mountains, 201, 319
• Wailea, bay and district, 46, 50
• Wailevu River, 15, 138
• Wai Mbasanga, Viti Levu, hot springs, 21
• Waimotu District, 208
• Wai Ndina, Viti Levu, hot springs, 21
• Wainikoro, district, 217, 224-228, 356;
  • coast, 219, 308, 310;
  • river, 225
• Wai-ni-ngio River, 151, 160
• Wainunu, hot springs, 22;
  • rainfall 68;
  • river and valley, 62, 82, 83
• Wainunu, plateau or tableland, 3, 82-87, 373;
  • see figures on pages 83, 107
• Waisali District, 146, 151
• Waisali Saddle, 146-148
• Waiwai, 143-145
• Waterfalls, 79, 141, 163
• Wawa Levu Mountain, 101, 302, 304
• Weed, Mr., on the origin of siliceous sinter, 38
• Wichmann, Dr. A., on a continental condition of the Fiji Islands, 376;
  • on hyalomelan tuff, 334;
  • on flints and silicified corals, 350, 352, 360;
  • on Kandavu andesites, 293;
  • on the absence of quartz-andesites in the South Seas, 294, 309;
  • see the preface
• Wilkes, Commodore, 11, 15, 19, 25, 363, etc.
• Wittstock, Mr., 36, 47, 53

• Yanawai coast, 95-97, 122
• Yanawai, river and valley, 113-116, 121
• Yanganga Islands, 2
• Yanutha Point, 123, 284
• Yaroi, 189, 325
• Yasawa Group, 294

• Zeolites, formation of, in palagonite, 338
• Zeolitic palagonite-tuffs, 334
• Zirkel, on intergrowths of rhombic pyroxene, 306;
  • on palagonite, 343;
  • on magnetic rocks, 361