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Ships & Ways of Other Days

Chapter 3: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
By E. Keble Chatterton
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About This Book

A comprehensive, illustrated survey traces the development of ships, seamanship, and navigation from prehistoric craft through Mediterranean and Roman advances, Viking techniques, and medieval innovations to the Age of Discovery and the later evolution of merchant and naval designs. It combines technical descriptions, historical narrative, and detailed plates and plans to explain hull forms, rigging, anchors, tackle, navigational instruments, and shipyard practice, while highlighting how construction methods, sailing techniques, and maritime culture changed across successive eras.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  PAGE
A Ship of Yesterday (a tea clipper before the wind) To face title-page
A Seventeenth-Century Dutch Dockyard Headpiece to Preface
Spithead in the Early Nineteenth Century 2
Old-fashioned Topsail Schooner 8
“River sailors rather than blue-water seamen” 13
“Mine be a mattress on the poop” 34
Cast of a Relief showing Rowers on a Trireme 38
Vase in the form of a Trireme’s Prow 42
Portions of Early Mediterranean Anchor 44
Shield Signalling 49
Greek Penteconter from an Ancient Vase 51
The Egyptian Corn-Ship Goddess Isis 58
The “Korax” or Boarding Bridge in Action 63
Sketches of Ancient Ships, by Richard Cook, R.A. 64
Ancient Coins illustrating Types of Rams 65
Bronze Figurehead of Roman Ship 66
Sketches of Ancient Ships, by Richard Cook, R.A. 66
Two Coins depicting Naumachiæ 68
A Roman Naumachia 68
Chart to illustrate Cæsar’s crossing the English Channel 71
Hull of Roman Ship found at Westminster 78
Details of Roman Ship found at Westminster 80
Details of Roman Ship found at Westminster 82
Primitive Navigation of the Vikings 89
Details of Viking Ships and Tackle 99
Vikings boarding an Enemy 102
Viking Ship with Awning up 111
Thirteenth-Century Merchant Sailing Ship 123
Fourteenth-Century Portolano of the Mediterranean 124
Prince Henry the Navigator 126
Fifteenth-Century Shipbuilding Yard 132
A Fifteenth-Century Ship 134
The Fleet of Richard I setting forth for the Crusades 139
A Medieval Sea-going Ship 146
Fifteenth-Century Caravel, after a Delineation by Columbus 158
“Ordered the crew ... to lay out an anchor astern” 162
Fifteenth-Century Caravel, after a Delineation by Columbus 164
Three-masted Caravel 166
Sixteenth-Century Caravel at Sea 166
Sixteenth-Century Caravel at Anchor 170
Sixteenth-Century Astrolabe supposed to have been on board a Ship of the Armada 172
Astrolabe used by the English Sixteenth-Century Navigators 173
Sixteenth-Century Navigator using the Cross-staff 176
Sixteenth-Century Compass Card 177
An Old Nocturnal 178
Sixteenth-Century Four-Masted Ship 186
Elizabethans boarding an Enemy’s Ship 187
Elizabethan Steering-Gear 189
Sixteenth-Century Ship chasing a Galley 190
Waist, Quarter-deck, and Poop of the Revenge 192
Sixteenth-Century Three-masted Ship 192
Riding Bitts on the Gun Deck of the Revenge 195
Plan of Early Seventeenth-Century Ship 197
Sixteenth-Century Warship at Anchor 198
Drake’s Revenge at Sea 201
Sixteenth-Century Mariners learning Navigation 206
Chart of A.D. 1589 211
Ship Designer with his Assistant 212
Chart of the Thames from the First Published Atlas 214
Diagram illustrating the use of the “Geometricall Square” 215
Sixteenth-Century Ship before the wind 216
Early Seventeenth-Century Warship 218
Early Seventeenth-Century Harbour 222
Early Seventeenth-Century Dutch East Indiamen 226
“The Perspective Appearance of a Ship’s Body” 228
“The Orthographick Simmetrye” of a Seventeenth-Century Ship 230
Early Seventeenth-Century Dutch West Indiamen 232
Fitting out a Seventeenth-Century Dutch West Indiaman 236
Seventeenth-Century Dutch Shipbuilding Yard 240
Seventeenth-Century First-Rate Ship 244
Section of a Three-Decker 246
Nocturnal 247
Building and launching Ships in the Eighteenth Century 248
Collier Brig 250
Boxhauling 252
Eighteenth-Century “Bittacle” 253
Interiors of Eighteenth-Century Men-of-War 254
Quarter-deck of an Eighteenth-Century Frigate 255
Collier Brig discharging Cargo 256
Eighteenth-Century Man-of-War 258
Collier Brigs beating up the Swin 259
Model of H.M.S. Triumph 260
“Compelled to let the ship lie almost on her beam ends” 261
An interesting bit of Seamanship 262
An ingenious Sail-Spread 264
Eighteenth-Century Three-Decker 266
Sterns of the Invincible and Glorioso 268
Model of an English Frigate, 1750 270
A 32-gun Frigate ready for Launching 272
Launching a Man-of-War in the year 1805 274
Sheer-Hulk 276
H.M.S. Prince 278
An Early Nineteenth-Century Design for a Man-of-War’s Stern 280
Course, Topsail, and Topgallant Sail of an Early Nineteenth-Century Ship 281
Stern of H.M.S. Asia 282
A Brig of War’s 12-pounder Carronade 283
A West Indiaman in Course of Construction 284
A Three-Decker on a Wind 285
The Brig Wolf 286
A Frigate under all Sail 287
Man in the Chains heaving the Lead 287
H.M.S. Cleopatra endeavouring to save the Crew of the Brig Fisher 288
H.M.S. Hastings 289
Model of the Carmarthenshire 290
PLANS
(At End of Volume)
I. Body Plan, etc., of Early Nineteenth-Century 74-gun Ship.
II. A Portable Crab Winch of the Early Nineteenth Century.
III. Longitudinal Plan of Early Nineteenth-Century 74-gun Ship.
IV. A 330-ton Merchant Ship of the Early Nineteenth Century.
V. Shrouds of Mainmast on Early Nineteenth-Century Ship.
VI. Design of the Stern of Early Nineteenth-Century 330-ton Merchant Ship.
VII. Midship section of Early Nineteenth-Century 330-ton Merchant Ship.
VIII. Longitudinal Plan of Early Nineteenth-Century 330-ton Merchant Ship.
IX. Plans of Early Nineteenth-Century 74-gun Ship.
X. Iron Clipper Sailing Ship Lord of the Isles.
XI. The Wooden Clipper Ship Schomberg.

“The sea language is not soon learned, much less understood, being only proper to him that has served his apprenticeship: besides that, a boisterous sea and stormy weather will make a man not bred on it so sick, that it bereaves him of legs and stomach and courage, so much as to fight with his meat. And in such weather, when he hears the seamen cry starboard, or port, or to bide alooff, or flat a sheet, or haul home a cluling, he thinks he hears a barbarous speech, which he conceives not the meaning of.”

(Sir William Monson’s Naval Tracts.)