Social Environment and Moral Progress

• Acquired characters, definition of, 104
• characters, on the heredity of, 103
• Adaptation, 106
• Adulteration, 55
• Alcoholism, deaths from, 67
• in women, 68
• statistics of, 68
• America, Central, architecture of, 34
• Animals, natural selection among, 75
• Anthropological Review, 99
• Apes, anthropoid, affinity with man, 93
• Aquatic forms of life, increase of, 85
• Archimedes, 34
• Australian aborigines, character of, 33
• and Caucasians, 34
• Barnardo, Dr., 141
• Beaver, 95
• Bimana, 94
• Brahé, Tycho, 23
• Brain as organ of the mind, 94
• Bribery, 56
• Browning's, Mrs., Cry of the Children, 42
• Buddha, 8
• Capitalism, 152
• Caucasians and Australian aborigines, 34
• Causes of economic evils, 154
• Chambers's Vestiges of Creation, 81
• Character, definition of, 4
• difficulty of knowing good from bad, 5
• mental faculties and, 5
• morality based upon, 5
• not cumulative, 37
• of savage races, 32
• permanence of, 8
• public opinion and, 36
• selective agency to improve, 36
• subject to variation, 36
• transmission of, 4, 7, 36
• variability and, 82
• Characters, acquired, definition of, 104
• acquired, heredity of, 103
• innate, 104, 110
• heredity of, 110
• Chemical trades, evils of, 50
• Child labour, evils of, 41, 43
• Church, the work of the, 118
• Civil law system, 62
• Civilisation during 18th century, 40
• evolution and, 157
• of ancient Egypt, 15, 35
• of ancient India, 8
• of ancient Mesopotamia, 15
• Civilisations, ancient, 112
• Classical writers, our indebtedness to, 115
• Coal mines, accidents in, 43
• child labour in, 43
• female workers in, 43
• insecurity in, 43
• who the, belong to, 45
• Commercial system, immorality of our, 55
• Companies, Limited Liability, 56
• Competition, 154
• Conduct, character and, 5
• environment and, 6
• Confucius, 8
• Cook, Captain, opinion of, on natives of Friendly Isles, 32
• Co-operation, 154, 160
• Criminal law system, 64
• Cruciferæ family, increase of, 84
• Curr, Mr., opinion of, on Australian aborigines, 33
• Cutlery trade, evils of, 50
• Daily Citizen quoted, 51, 52
• Darwin and heredity, 103
• and natural selection, 87, 93, 125
• and transference of selection to mind, 99
• and variability, 82
• on Tahitians, 32
• Darwin's Descent of Man, 93, 125
• Origin of Species, 82
• theory of Pangenesis, 104
• Darwinism and Lamarckism, 78, 81
• and variability, 82
• objections to, 85, 90
• (See also Evolution, Lamarckism, Natural selection, etc.)
• Deadly trades, 50
• Dell's, J. H., Dawning Grey quoted, 117
• Descent of Man, Darwin's, 93, 125
• Divine influx into man, 92, 115, 119
• Divorce, 74
• Dutt, Mr. Romesh, quoted, 9
• Dwellings, insanitary, 47
• Economic advance, evils of, 150
• antagonism, 155
• brotherhood, 155
• evils, causes of, 154
• remedies for, 154
• Education, effects of, not hereditary, 111, 114
• extension of period of, 143
• national system of, needed, 146
• of the world, 111
• Egypt, astronomy in ancient, 18
• civilisation of ancient, 15, 35
• intellect in ancient, 16
• Eighteenth century, stationary epoch, 40, 122
• Elephants, increase of, 85
• Environment, laws of heredity and, 103
• modified by man, 95
• not always responsible for specialisation, 106
• remedies, 154
• social, and conduct, 6
• social, character of, 153
• social, during 19th century, 40
• social, evils of, causes of, 154
• Equality of opportunity, 155
• Erman, Prof. Adolf, quoted, 26
• Euclid, 34
• Eugenics, methods of, 127
• science of, established by Sir F. Galton, 127
• Eugenists, 149
• Evil, origin of, problem of, 118
• possible solution of, 119
• Evolution, a rational theory, 81
• acceptance of, 81
• and civilisation, 157
• Lamarckism and, 81
• Chambers and, 81
• Darwin and, 81
• exposition of, by Spencer, 81
• natural selection and, 77
• objections to, 81, 90
• variability of species, 8, 82
• (See also Darwinism, Lamarckism, Natural selection, etc.)
• Factory system, development of, 41
• evils of, 41
• Fertility, law of diminishing, 144, 147
• Fines v. imprisonment, 65
• Friendly Isles, natives of, character of, 32
• Galton, Sir Francis, 37
• eugenic theory of, 127
• on laws of increase of population, 127
• Galvanising trade, evils of, 51
• Gambling, immorality of, 59
• in trade, 58
• inconsistent attitude to, 59
• Stock Exchange, 59
• Genius, not cumulative, 37
• not necessarily hereditary, 37;
• examples, 38
• Gothic architecture, 34
• Greece, 121
• architecture of ancient, 34
• Heredity and genius, 37
• and "recession to mediocrity," 38
• beneficence of law of, 115
• Darwin and, 103
• importance of subject, 103
• Lamarck and, 104
• laws of, and environment, 103
• misconceptions regarding, 103
• of innate characters, 110
• Herschel, Sir John, 82
• Homer, 8
• Hominidæ, 94
• Human nature, faculties of, 100
• Imprisonment v. fines, 65
• India, architecture of ancient, 34
• intelligence and morality in ancient, 9, 11, 15
• religious conceptions in ancient, 11
• Individuation, 142
• Infantile mortality, Prof. Petrie on, 140
• statistics of, 47, 72
• Injustice, social, 155
• Innate characters, 104
• heredity of, 110
• Insanitary dwellings, 47
• Intellect in ancient India, 9, 11, 15
• permanence of, 15
• Intellectual advance not general, 142
• Jesus Christ, 116
• Justice, administration of, 62
• immorality of, 66, 152
• Lamarck and evolution, 81
• and heredity, 104
• Lamarckism, 78, 89
• and Darwinism, 78
• insufficiency of, as a theory, 80
• Land, access to, 155
• Language, 28
• diversity of, 120
• lowest races possess, 31
• Law, civil, system, 62
• criminal, system, 64
• partiality of the, 65
• Layard, Sir H., 16
• Le Conte, Prof., quoted, 139
• Lead glaze trade, evils of, 50
• Lead poisoning of workers, 51
• Life-destroying trades, 47
• Lyell's Principles of Geology quoted, 78
• Maha-Bharata, Indian epic, quoted, 8
• Malthus, 139
• Mammals, classification of, 94
• Man, affinity of, with anthropoid apes, 93
• and marriage, 133
• dignity of, 91
• Divine influx into, 92, 115, 119
• external differences between, and apes, 93
• modifies his environment, 95
• moral sense in, 91
• nature of, stationary, 102
• position of, 91
• predominance of mind in, 98
• preparation of, for progress, 120
• selection transferred to mind in, 99
• three great races of, 100
• triumph of, over Nature, 95, 150
• Marriage, 143
• freedom of, insisted upon, 128
• man and, 133
• women and, 133
• Mental faculties in formation of character, 5
• Mesopotamia, civilisation of ancient, 15
• Mind, brain the organ of the, 94
• predominance of, in man, 98
• selection transferred to, in man, 99
• Monier-Williams, Sir M., 11
• Monopoly, 155
• Moral degradation, indications of, 67
• progress, definition of, 1
• progress, initiating new era of, 150
• progress through new form of selection, 125
• sense in man, 91
• Morality amongst the ancients, 8
• based upon character, 5
• based upon human nature, 4
• evolution and, 157
• in ancient India, 9
• no definite advance in, 36
• product of environment, 3
• savages and, 31
• standards of, varying, 2
• Morals, definition of, 1
• Natural selection, among animals, 75
• and evolution, 77
• and origin of species, 82
• explanation of, 75, 87
• modification of, by man, 96, 99
• modified by mind, 93
• new form of, 125
• process of, 112
• two modes of, 125
• Nineteenth century, environment during, 40
• movements during, 122
• reaction against forced civilisation during, 41
• O'Grady, Mr. S., quoted, 156
• Oliver's, Sir T., Diseases of Occupation, 53
• Organic nature, development of, 109
• indivisibility of, 109
• Origin of Species, Darwin's, essential features of, 82
• Origin of species, natural selection essential factor in, 82
• Overcrowding, statistics of, 48
• Owen, Sir Richard, and man's affinity with apes, 94
• Pall Mall Gazette, reply to, 76
• Pangenesis, theory of, 104
• Park, Mungo, 101
• Petrie, Prof., quoted, 139
• Plato, 8, 116
• Poor Law, immorality of the, 65
• Population, increase of, laws governing, 141
• social reform and, 138
• Poverty, 130, 143, 151
• Polynesian races, character of, 33
• Preventable deaths, responsibility for, 43
• Primates, 94
• Proctor, Mr. R. A., quoted, 18
• Progress, moral, definition of, 1
• moral, how to initiate era of, 150
• moral, through new form of selection, 125
• Prostitution, 73
• Pyramid of Gizeh as observatory, 23
• purpose of, 17
• structure of, 19
• Quadrumana, 94
• Rawlinson, 16
• Reade's, Martyrdom of Man, 113
• "Recession to mediocrity," heredity and, 38
• Religious conceptions in ancient India, 11
• Remedies for economic evils, 154
• Reproduction, 142
• Rich, dread of, to social reorganisation, 156
• Rome, 121
• Savage races, morality of, 31
• Selection, artificial, 105, 127
• free, in marriage, 133
• Selection, natural, action of, transferred to mind in man, 99
• amongst animals, 75
• and origin of species, 82
• explanation of, 75, 87
• modification of, by man, 96, 99
• modified by mind, 93
• process of, 112
• two modes of, 125
• Selection, new form of, 125
• sexual, 125
• Selective agency to improve character, 36
• Sherard's, Mr. R. H., White Slaves of England, 51 (note)
• Slavery, 2, 115
• Slums, 47, 151
• Smyth, Piazzi, on Pyramids, 18
• Snowden, Philip, 53
• Social environment and conduct, 6
• character of, 153
• during 19th century, 40
• evils of, causes and remedies of, 154
• reorganisation, the rich and, 156
• reform, 143;
• and over-population, 138
• Socrates, 8
• Species, increase of, 82, 84
• origin of, natural selection, and, 82
• variability of, 82
• Speech as proof of intelligence, 28
• lowest races possess, 31
• origin and development of, 29
• Spencer, Herbert, 89, 99, 103
• exposition of evolutionary argument by, 81
• on laws of increase of population, 141
• Stanley, Hiram M., quoted, 128
• Struggle for existence, 85, 86
• Suicide, statistics of, 70
• Survival of the fittest, 85, 87, 139
• "Survival value," 39
• Swedenborg, 137
• Tahitians, character of, 32
• Tinning trade, evils of, 51
• Unhealthy trades, 50
• Universe, development and purpose of, 119
• Variability, character and, 36
• basic law of nature, 96
• explanation of, 82
• of species, 82
• purpose of, 90
• Vedas, quoted, 11
• War, 74
• Wealth, increase of, 41, 150
• Webb, Mr. Sidney, quoted, 65
• Women and marriage, 133
• excess in numbers of, 134, 147
• future status of, 147
• in trade, 151
• Workmen's compensation, Prof. Petrie on, 139
• Writing as proof of intelligence, 28
• origin and development of, 29
• Zoophytes, 95
• Zymotic diseases 47

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