INDEX
AA form of lava in the Sandwich Islands, ii. 187
Abereiddy Bay, i. 206
Abich, H., i. 32
Acid igneous rocks, silica percentage of, i. 14;
devitrification of, 19;
flow-structure of, 21;
occur in thicker sheets than basic, 24;
alternations of, with basic, 28, 61, 152, 157, 165, 207, 213, 233, 284, 318;
ii. 236, 266, 278;
metamorphic action of, i. 95, 96;
connection with mountains, ii. 98;
scenery of, 102.
Acids, mineral, at volcanoes, i. 72
Acland, Mr. H. D., i. 133
Aegean Sea, volcanoes of, i. 1
Agglomerates, i. 31, 57, 58;
in dykes, 70;
Archæan, 120, 130, 135;
Cambrian, 148, 149, 167;
Silurian, 178, 180, 181, 184, 185, 194, 199, 206, 214, 237, 241, 244, 247, 253, 255;
Old Red Sandstone, 279, 285, 289, 300, 313, 325, 338, 349, 352;
Carboniferous, 381, 399, 402, 404, 427, 429, 439, 440;
ii. 13, 24, 28, 29;
Permian, 62, 64, 99;
Tertiary, 194, 277, 278, 281, 289, 292, 293, 384, 400, 423
Allan, T., i. 363
Allotriomorphic minerals, i. 21
Allport, Mr., i. 95, 130, 131, 260, 451; ii. 11, 42, 102, 103, 104, 106, 370
Amber in Tertiary volcanic series, ii. 198
America, Western North, volcanic rocks of, i. 10, 100;
ii, 267
Amygdales, origin of, i. 15;
ii. 189, 221, 285, 290
Amygdaloidal structure, i. 15, 16, 17, 59, 274, 385; ii. 3, 31, 57, 129, 188
Analyses of Cambrian tuffs, i. 148, 149;
of Cambrian diabases, 153;
of Old Red Sandstone diabases, 274;
of Old Red Sandstone andesites, 275;
of Old Red Sandstone trachytes, 276;
of Old Red Sandstone felsites, 278;
of Carboniferous limburgite, 377;
of Carboniferous basalts, 379;
of Carboniferous trachytes, 380;
of Carboniferous phonolite, 381;
of Tertiary trachyte, ii. 139;
of Tertiary dacite, 244
Anderson, Dr. Tempest, ii 261, 262, 263
Andesite, i. 24, 131, 136, 164, 165, 167, 178, 180, 184, 189, 190, 204, 212, 213, 214, 215, 229, 230, 245, 246, 247, 252, 274, 275, (analyses), 277, 292, 300, 306, 309, 315, 318, 325, 330, 333, 345, 377, 379, 386, 403, 421; ii. 45, 57, 96, 125, 137, 184, 236, 424
Anglesey, gneisses and schists of, i. 126;
volcanic rocks of, 189, 219
Anhydrite deposits, ii. 54
Annandale, Permian volcanic rocks of, ii. 56, 58, 60, 61, 66
Antrim, Old Red Sandstone volcanic rocks of, i. 314;
Tertiary volcanic rocks of, 47, 52; ii. 109, 110, 113, 139, 140, 199;
basalts of, 192, 193, 199, 202, 206;
clays and iron-ore of, 204;
rhyolites of, 185, 364, 370, 371, 426, 445;
deceptive agglomerate of, 188;
rhyolitic conglomerate of, 195, 206;
plateau of, 199;
tuffs of, 202, 204;
vents of, 271, 277;
sills of, 298;
central subsidence of basalt-plateau of, 448
Apatite, ii. 135
Apjohn, J., ii. 42
Applecross, volcanic vents in, ii. 292
Arans, the, i. 175, 176, 179, 184, 186, 207
Archæan period, i. 110, 111;
volcanic rocks of, 120
Ardnamurchan, dykes and veins of, ii. 154, 320;
basalt-plateau of, 208;
vents of, 287;
sills of, 318;
gabbro of, 355
Arenig group, i. 175;
lower limit of, 177, 185;
top of, 178, 228, 246
—— volcano of, i. 42, 175, 176, 179, 186, 207
—— rocks in Scottish Highlands, i. 123, 126;
in Merionethshire, 176, 179;
of Shropshire, 189;
of Ayrshire, 196;
of Scottish Highlands, 201;
of Anglesey, 221;
of Lake district, 229;
of Ireland, 239
Argyll, Duke of, ii. 113, 114, 198
Argyllshire, dykes of, ii. 127, 128, 138, 142, 146, 171, 172;
vents of, 278
Arizona, explosion crater in, i. 58;
laccolites in, 86
Arran, Old Red Sandstone volcanic rocks of, i. 298, 311;
Carboniferous volcanic rocks of, 386, 392;
possible Permian volcanic rocks of, ii. 58;
granite of, i. 93; ii. 366, 367, 418;
pitchstone of, i. 19; ii. 445;
dykes of, 123, 139, 140, 142, 146, 154, 161
Arthur Seat, i. 364, 373, 378, 385, 386; ii. 67
"Arvonian," i. 145, 156
Asbestos in volcanic breccia, ii. 51
Ascension Island, cellular lava of, i. 15
Ashes, volcanic (see Tuffs)
Ashprington volcanic series, i. 262
Asphalt, ii. 79
Atherstone, i. 170
Augite, loose crystals of, in volcanic vents, i. 62, 178, 181; ii. 58, 79;
lumps of, in volcanic vents, i. 352
Augite-aphanites, i. 178
Auvergne, old volcanoes of, i. 29, 32, 66, 70, 100; ii. 373
Aveline, Mr. W. T., i. 227, 230; ii. 32
Ayrshire, example of volcanic neck in, i. 56;
Silurian volcanic rocks of, 192;
Old Red Sandstone volcanic rocks of, 275, 282, 283, 285, 291, 331;
Carboniferous volcanic plateau of, 102, 368, 388, 393, 398, 410;
Carboniferous Puys of, 415, 416, 434, 440, 474;
Permian volcanic rocks of, ii. 55, 58, 62
Azoic period, i. 109
Bäckström, Mr., ii. 266
Baily, W. H., i. 251, 252; ii. 198, 449
Bala group, i. 175, 190, 196, 201, 206, 207, 223, 242;
limestone of, 47, 175, 229, 245, 251;
volcanic rocks of, 186, 190, 207, 213, 221, 241, 248
Balbriggan, igneous rocks of, i. 244
Ballagan beds (Lower Carboniferous), i. 384, 387, 392, 393, 412, 447
Ballantrae, volcanic rocks at, i. 192, 199
Ballypallidy, tuffs and leaf-beds of, ii. 204, 429
Bamborough, Whin Sill at, ii. 2, 3, 5
Banding of igneous rocks, i. 84, 207; ii. 189, 294, 329, 354, 357, 476
—— of gneiss, i. 116
Bangor group, i. 166
Banks, Sir Joseph, ii. 109
Barnavave, eruptive rocks of, ii. 421
Barrow, Mr. G., i. 201, 226, 272, 279, 380; ii. 147, 148
Basalt, columnar structure of, i. 24, 25;
relation to gabbro, 78;
altered by carbonaceous strata, 95;
shells supposed to occur in, ii. 110;
banded, 189;
thickness of sheets of, 192;
meaning of red layer between sheets of, 197, 203, 206, 254;
metamorphism of, 272, 276, 337, 339, 340, 347, 355, 356, 357, 358, 362, 378, 383, 386, 397, 399, 400, 404, 413
—— pre-Cambrian, i. 119, 131;
Silurian, 206, 207, 230, 245;
Carboniferous, 378, 403, 407, 417; ii. 11, 45, 46;
Permian, 57, 96;
Tertiary, 125, 136, 183, 199, 208, 291
Basalt-conglomerate, ii. 195
Basic volcanic rocks, silica-percentage of, i. 14;
devitrification of, 20;
flow-structure of, 21;
occur in thinner sheets than the acid, 24;
metamorphic action of, 94;
erupted at low levels, 98;
scenery of, 102;
converted into schists by deformation, 75, 114, 118, 119, 124, 129;
alternation with acid, 28, 61, 131, 157, 165, 207, 213, 233, 284, 318; ii. 236, 266, 278
Bass Rock, i. 372, 373, 403
Bassenthwaite Lake, i. 335
Bathgate, puy eruptions of, i. 440, 442, 445, 456, 461
Bauer, Dr. M., i. 62
Bauxite, ii. 197, 204
Bayley, Mr. W. S., ii. 330
Bedding in lavas, i. 24
Bell, Sir I. Lowthian, ii. 1, 113, 137, 165
Bemrose, Mr. H. A., ii. 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21
Ben Cruachan, alteration of granite at, i. 343
—— Hiant, basic sills of, ii. 318
Benaun More, felsite of, i. 347
Berger, J. F., ii. 22, 95, 110, 113, 139, 140, 141, 145, 199, 364, 426
Bertrand, Prof. M., i. 28
Berwickshire, i. 272, 290, 338, 375, 385, 401, 413
Berwyn Hills, i. 176, 186, 208, 218
Biggar, volcanic area, i. 287, 325
Binney, E., ii. 56
Binny Craig type of basalt, i. 419, 421 (444)
Biotite (see Mica)
Bitumen in intrusive rocks, i. 421
Blackstone (Derbyshire), ii. 18, 21
Blair-Atholl Limestone, i. 122
Blake, Rev. J. F., i. 126, 130, 144, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 168, 220, 221, 222
Blocks, ejected, i. 36, 423, 438; ii. 197, 221
Bole between lavas, i. 442; ii. 197, 203, 206, 254
Bombay, volcanic plateau of, ii. 180
Bombs, volcanic, i. 60; ii. 39
Bonney, Prof., i. 95, 126, 130, 136, 144, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 192, 210, 227
Borrowdale Volcanic Series, i. 227
Bosses, volcanic, i. 56, 78, 88;
petrography of, 89;
differentiation in, 90; ii. 476;
granitic, i. 93;
metamorphism around, 94, 95;
conditions of their intrusion, 97, 98;
weathering of, 102
—— Silurian, i. 215, 235;
Old Red Sandstone, 277, 288;
Carboniferous, 403, 458
—— Tertiary, ii. 271, 284, 327, 366, 378, 395, 403;
boundaries of, 382;
relation to older eruptive vents, 280, 384, 399;
relation to plateau basalts, 386, 396, 402, 404;
relation to gabbro intrusions, 391, 402, 404;
relation to the basic dykes, 395
Bostonite, ii. 47
Boué, Ami, i. 268, 363; ii. 112, 372
Boule, M., i. 27, 29, 44, 45, 46, 61; ii. 375
Boutan, M., i. 62
Bowden Hill, type of doleritic basalt, i. 418, 421
Braid Hills, great vent of, i. 289, 293, 311, 318, 323
Branco, Prof. W., i. 46, 417
Breccias, volcanic, i. 31, 32, 120, 131, 135, 147, 165, 189, 190, 197, 213, 224, 225, 233, 234, 246, 252, 255, 289, 347; ii. 39, 41, 49, 195
—— of non-volcanic materials, ii. 196, 423
Brecciated structure, i. 162, 211
Breidden Hills, i. 176, 190, 208
Brent Tor, ii. 33, 35, 36
Bréon, M. R., ii. 191
Britain, advantageous position of, for the study of ancient volcanic action, i. 6;
completeness of the Geological Record in, 6;
direction of folds and fractures in, 11;
chief lavas found in, 31;
Vesuvian cones of, 42;
volcanic plateaux of, 43;
puys of, 46;
lacustrine volcanoes of, 49;
fissure eruptions of, 52;
scenery of volcanic rocks of, 100, 101;
pre-Cambrian rocks of, 111;
in Cambrian time, 141;
in Silurian time, 173;
in Devonian time, 258;
in Old Red Sandstone time, 263;
in Carboniferous time, 355;
in Permian time, ii. 53;
in older Tertiary time, 108
Brögger, Prof., i. 28, 88, 90, 91, 92
Bryce, J., i. 314, 369
Buch, L. von, i. 27; ii. 381
Buckland, W., ii. 95, 110, 113
Buddle, J., ii. 113
Builth, i. 176, 203
Burdiehouse Limestone, i. 361, 374, 388, 415, 463
Burnt Country of Asia Minor, i. 2