INDEX
- Abercromby, the Hon. J., 64
- Abram, 153
- Abû Shahrein. See Eridu
- Achæmenian dynasty, 11;
- inscriptions, 10;
- transcripts (second), 26, 27
- Acre, 199
- Adamu, Adam, 68, 76, 78, 80, 91
- Aita-gama, 197
- Akkad, 69, 73, 79, 87, 95
- Akkadian, 24, 28–30, 69
- Amiaud, 29
- Amon-hotep III., 149, 199
- Amon-hotep IV., 136, 188, 192
- Amorites, 139, 141, 142, 147, 179, 206, 207;
- land of, 139, 141, 143, 179, 194
- Amraphel (Khammu-rabi), 143
- Animals, domesticated, 83, 99
- Anquetil-Duperron, 10
- Anupum (Anubis), 127
- Ape in Babylonia, 129
- Apes of Thoth, 127
- Arabia, Southern, 123
- Archæological versus literary evidence, 43
- Archæology, science of, 36, etc.
- Arioch (Eri-Aku), 143
- Armenia, 31, 160, etc.
- Armenian and Sumerian, 59
- Armenians, modern, 165
- Aryan language, the, 72
- Arzawa, 34, 175;
- language of, 176, 200
- Arzawan letters, vi., 175, 200
- Arzawaya, 178, 197, 198, 202, 203, 205
- Asari of Eridu, 119
- Asherah, 150, 153
- Ashtoreth (Istar), 153
- Asia Minor, 61, 62, 160 et seq., 173, 174;
- gold of, 62;
- bronze in, 66
- Askabad, excavations at, 54, 61, 83
- Ass, domesticated, 83
- Assur (Qal’at Shirqât), 41
- Assur, the god, 95
- Assur-bani-pal, 73
- Assur-natsir-pal, 33, 163
- Assur-yuballidh, 172
- Assyria, the sword in, 65
- Assyrian culture, 113;
- grammar, 25;
- kings, 172;
- Semitic, 19;
- syllabary, 19;
- types, 73
- Asur, 172
- Babylonia (and Egypt), 101, etc.;
- Canaanite dynasty in, 142;
- copper age in, 55;
- no neolithic age in, 45, 157;
- picture-writing of, 57, 75
- Babylonian anthropomorphism, 94, 125;
- chronology, 114;
- civilization, 75, 83;
- irrigation, 101;
- priesthood, 96;
- script, 17, 83;
- seal-cylinder, 111;
- trade, 92
- Babylonians a mixed people, 87
- Balaam, 210
- Barley, origin of, 108
- Bashan, 192, 193
- Behistun, 15, 16, 20, 22, 26
- Bel, 95, 97
- Belck, 33, 163, 166, 171, 174
- Bellerophon, 183
- Bes, 129
- Beth-el, 147
- Bezold, 28
- Black Obelisk, the, 20, 21, 179
- Bliss, Mr., 209
- Boghaz Keui, vi., 34, 171, 174, 175, 178, 184, 195, 197
- Borsippa, 78
- Botta, 18
- Boz Eyuk, pottery of, 171
- Brick, use of, 113
- British Museum, how it excavates, 39, 40
- Bronze, 56, 59, 66;
- scimitars, 57, 65;
- earliest use in Egypt, 60;
- in Krete, 60;
- in the Caucasus, 60;
- origin of, in Britain, 64
- Bronze age in Europe, 64
- Burnouf, 13, 14
- Calah, 18. See Nimrûd
- Canaan, 126, 137, 190, 213 (see Palestine);
- and Egypt, 177;
- before the Exodus, 187 et seq.;
- Hittite pottery in, 179;
- neolithic age in, 146
- Canaanite civilization, 150 et seq.;
- dynasty in Babylonia, 142;
- deities, 152;
- language, 35, 89, 142;
- luxury, 156;
- postal service, 143, 189;
- pottery, 63;
- sacrifice of children, 148
- Cappadocia, Assyrians in, 169
- Cappadocian tablets, 171
- Carchemish, 40, 172, 195
- Careri, 9
- Chaldæa, port of, 80
- Chaldæans, 90
- Chantre, 47, 53, 170, 171, 174, 178
- Chardin, Sir J., 9
- Chedor-laomer, 143
- Cilicia, 173, 175
- Clay as writing material, 111
- Comana, 173
- Cones, terra-cotta, 134
- Copper, use of, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 62;
- mines, 170
- Copper in Sumerian, 58, 59
- Cossæeans. See Kossæans
- Crete. See Krete
- Cros, Captain, 48, 55
- Cubit, Babylonian, 122
- Cuneiform a cursive script, 77, 84, 184;
- used by Egypt, 126, 190
- Cypriotic syllabary, 182
- Cyprus, 65, 140, 182;
- seal-cylinders in, 140
- Damascus, 197
- Darius I., 9, 12, 16, 35
- Darius, how pronounced, 12
- Deecke, 186
- Deification of king, 95
- Delitzsch, F., 35
- Determinatives, 57, 84
- Dieulafoy, 73
- Dirk, 65;
- in Danube valley, 65;
- characterizes bronze age, 66
- Domestication of animals, 83
- Dwarfs, sacred, 127, 128
- Ea or Oannes, 75, 79, 81, 119
- Ebed-Kheba, King of Jerusalem, 196, 200, 201, 202, 204
- Eden, 78, 79
- Edin, the “Plain,” 78, 79, 93
- Egypt, 47, 54, 102;
- Asiatic influence on, 125;
- excavations in, 42;
- and Babylonia, 101, 107, 110, 133
- Egyptian irrigation, 102;
- chronology, 115;
- hieroglyphs, 104;
- language Semitic, 107, 110;
- letter of an, 207;
- neolithic culture, 125;
- rule in Canaan, 213;
- seal-cylinders, 112, 114
- Egyptians, dynastic, 110, 114
- Elam, 26, 46, 71, 73, 144;
- copper age in, 51
- Elamite pottery, 47, 48;
- dialects, 71;
- race, 73
- El-Hibba, 41
- El-Kab, sculpture at, 117
- Elwend, inscription of, 20
- Erech, 93
- Eri-aku (Arioch), 143
- Eridu, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 92, 118, 120;
- excavations at, 55
- Erman, 107
- Etruscan model of liver, 186
- Euphrates, 81, 102, 103
- Evans, A. J., 141, 159, 183
- Garstang, 62
- Gezer, 57, 60, 63, 65, 145, etc., 154, 158, 198, 204, 206;
- graves at, 151
- Gladstone, Dr., analysis of metals, 60, 61, 170
- Gold, word for, 58
- Gordium, pottery of, 171
- Grotefend, 10–13, 17, 35
- Gudea, 53, 59, 73, 141
- Guyard, Stanislas, 33, 162
- Hadad-nirari I., 57, 157, 172
- Halévy, 28
- Hall, H. R., 40
- Hamadan, inscription of, 15
- Hathor identified with Istar, 129
- Haupt, 29
- Haynes, 56
- Hazael, 21
- Hebrew, 142
- Hebron, 203
- Heeren, 13
- Heraldic position in art, 117, 180
- Herat, seal-cylinder from, 184
- Herbert, Thomas, 9
- Herodotus, 131
- Heuzey, 40, 53, 117, 121, 133
- Hezekiah, 21
- Hierakonpolis, 62, 115, 117
- Hilprecht, 56
- Hincks, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 31, 161, 162
- Hittite, 34;
- art, 180 et seq.;
- chiefs, 197;
- dirk, 65;
- inscriptions, 195;
- kings, vi., 175;
- language, 34, 174, 176, 200;
- mercenaries, 177, 193, 196, etc.;
- pottery, vi., 63, 149, 178, 179, 206
- Hittites, 169, 170, 173, 174, 179, 194, etc., 206
- Hommel, 105, 106, 116, 120
- Horus, followers of, 61, 110, 123, 124
- Hut-urns, 171
- Hyksos, 52, 145, 156, 190;
- introduce bronze, 63;
- axe-heads, 171
- In-Susinak, 50
- Iron, name of, 58;
- in Armenia, 166;
- in Egypt, 62
- Isaac, 154
- Israelites, their advent in Canaan, 212
- Istar, 52, 128, 129, 153
- Ivories of Ephesus, 184
- Jacob-el (see Ya’qub-el), 145, 190
- Jebusites, 205, 213
- Jehu, 21
- Jensen, 34, 168
- Jéquier, 121
- Jerusalem, 21, 178, 201, 205, 210, 213;
- king of, 196, 199, etc., 202, 204
- Jones, F., 24
- Kadish, 197, 208
- Kara Eyuk, 47, 48, 53, 166, 169, 170, 171, 173, 181
- Karnak, 54
- Kas, 195, 201, 202
- Kassites, 89;
- dynasty of, 97
- Khabiri, 196, 201, 202
- Khaldis, Khaldian, 164, 165
- Khammu-rabi (see Amraphel), 81, 127, 143, 152, 157;
- code of laws of, 153;
- dynasty of, 155, 156, 167;
- letters of, 45
- Khattinâ (Hittites), 202
- Khorsabad, 18, 19
- King, L. W., 40
- Knossus, clay tablets at, 183
- Knudtzon, 174, 196, 200
- Kossæeans (Kassites), 35, 144
- Kretan script, 141, 159, 181;
- pottery, 178;
- monsters in art, 180
- Krete, 141, 182
- Kûyunjik, 18, 131. See Nineveh.
- Labbawa, Labbaya, 174, 198, 199, 201, 202, 204
- Lachish, 146, 202, 209;
- excavations at, 145, 149, 158, 206
- Lagas, 73, 141
- Language and race, 109
- Lassen, 14
- Layard, 18, 23, 32, 39, 131, 161
- Lebanon, 152
- Legrain, 54
- Lehmann, 33, 163
- Lenormant, Fr., 28, 162, 163
- Libraries, Babylonian, 138
- Lichtenberg, von, 53
- Liver, bronze, 186
- Loftus, 26, 80
- Longpérier, de, 19
- Macalister, 57, 63, 146, 147, 151, 154, 155
- Mace-heads, 133
- Magan, 134
- Mal-Amîr, 27
- Map of world, Babylonian, 80
- Maspero, 131
- Megiddo, 148, 156, 199
- Merodach-baladan, 90
- Merodach-nadin-akhi, 73
- Messerschmidt, 28, 34, 168
- Mitanni, 33, 34, 167, 193, 196;
- language of, 168
- Montellius, 64
- Morgan, H. de, 55
- Morgan, J. de, 27, 33, 46, 73, 74, 80, 82, 121
- Moschians, 173
- Münter, Bishop, 10
- Muqayyar (see Ur), 55
- Mussian, excavations at, 50, 53
- Mykenæ, 65
- Mykenæan pottery, 171
- Myres, J. L., 63, 178
- Naharaim (Mitanni), 196, 202
- Naram-Sin, 56, 73, 88, 140, 143
- Nar-Buzau, palette of, 117, 121, 123
- Nar-Mer, 117
- Nebuchadrezzar, 17, 21, 45
- Neolithic age not in Babylonia, 48, 57
- Neo-Susian, 27
- Niebuhr, Carsten, 9
- Niffer (Nippur), excavations at, 40, 56, 76, 77, 78
- Nimrûd, 18, 21
- Nineveh, excavations at, 18, 57;
- library of, 23, 24, 161
- Niobê of Mount Sipylus, 54
- Norris, Edwin, 16, 26
- Nu-gidda, 128, 129
- Oannes, 75
- Obelisk, the Black, 20, 21, 179
- Obsidian, 51, 171
- Oppert, Jules, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28
- Osiris, 119, 123
- Palestine and Babylonia, 135 et seq.;
- Exploration Fund, 135, 145;
- Hittites in, 193, 194
- Palette of Nar-Buzau, 121, 123
- Papyrus, 84
- Pegasus, 180
- Pehlevi inscriptions, 10
- Pepi, statue of, 62;
- Pyramid texts of, 120
- Persian Gulf, 75;
- land increases at head of, 80
- Peters, Dr., 56
- Petrie, Flinders, 52, 60, 61, 62, 117, 121, 156, 182
- Philology, value of, 43, 44
- Phœnician alphabet, 159, 183, 185
- Picture-writing, Babylonian, 75, 82, 105;
- analysed, 98–100
- Pietro della Valle, 8
- Pinches, Dr., 73, 74, 144, 171
- Polyphony, 22
- Postal service in Babylonia, 143;
- in Canaan, 143, 189
- Pottery, importance of, 36 et seq.;
- Babylonian, 39, 42;
- Elamite, 47, 48, 54;
- Hittite, 63, 149, 179;
- Kretan, 178;
- Mykenæan, 171;
- South Canaanite, 63, 149, 178, 206;
- Susian, 47, 51, 53;
- Vannic, 166;
- black with incised lines, 52, 53, 171
- Ptah, Semitic origin of, 129
- Pumpelly, Professor, 54, 64
- Pyramid texts, 122
- Qal’at Shirqât (Assur), 41
- Ramsay, Sir W. M., 174, 195
- Ramses II., treaty of, vi.
- Rask, 13, 14
- Rassam, Hormuzd, 23, 32
- Rawlinson, Sir H. C., 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 80
- Razor, use of, 134
- Reisner, 118
- Resurrection, the Babylonian, 120
- Rhind, 41, 42
- Rich, 8
- Royal Society, 8
- Sacred trees of Egypt, 123
- Sacy, de, 10
- Saint-Martin, 13
- Samsu-ditana, 28
- Saqia, the, 132
- Sardinians, 211
- Sargon of Akkad, 19, 49, 56, 59, 87, 88, 132, 139, 140, 155, 182
- Sarzec, M. de, 40, 121
- Saulcy, de, 19, 20, 25
- Scheil, 27
- Schliemann, 54, 60, 61, 65, 166, 180
- Schools, Babylonian, 138
- Schulz, 31, 32, 160, 161
- Schweinfurth, 108, 123
- Scimitar, Semitic invention, 65, 66;
- of Hadad-nirari, 157
- Seal-cylinder, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 140, 152, 180, 181, 184;
- dwarfs on, 128;
- from Herat, 184;
- in Cyprus, 140;
- in Troy, 180
- Sellin, 157
- Semite culture, origin of, 30;
- influence, 49, 52, 86, 90;
- religion, 93 et seq.;
- kings deified, 95
- Semites in Babylonia, 86
- Semitic Empire, 69, 87
- Semitic family of speech, 89;
- languages, 70, 72;
- types, 73, 74
- Sennacherib, 21
- Shadûf, 99, 130, 131 et seq.
- Shalmaneser I., 172
- Shalmaneser II., 179;
- annals of, 21
- Shechem, 198, 204
- “Shepherd” kings, 93
- Sidonian seals, 35, 152
- Silver, name of, 58
- Sin (Sinai), 128, 129
- Sippara, 46, 79, 142
- Spouted vases, 134
- Subari, 172, 181
- Sumer, language of, 28, 29, 68 et seq., 86
- Sumerian, 24, 28–30, 69;
- animism, 94;
- civilization, 98–100;
- culture, 98;
- — in Canaan, 138;
- dialects, 29, 69;
- origin of, 74;
- origin of culture, 75;
- physical type, 72;
- priest, 96;
- study of, 29, 30;
- survival in Southern Babylonia, 88
- Sumerians, the, 67 et seq.
- Susa, 26;
- excavations at, 27, 46, 73;
- pottery of, 47, 53;
- metal age of, 49
- Swords, earliest, 65;
- in Cyprus, 65;
- in Krete, 65
- Syros, 53
- Taanach, excavations at, 148 et seq., 152, 157, 199, 212
- Tablets, writing-, 82, 84
- Talîsh, excavations at, 55
- Tarkhundaraba, 175
- Taylor, 55, 78
- Tel el-Amarna, 136, 188;
- tablets, 33, 35, 136, 144, 167, 168, 172, 174, 177, 178, 187, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 200, 205
- Tel el-Hesy, 147. See Lachish
- Tello, 29, 40, 53, 55, 72, 73, 91, 121, 122;
- pottery of, 48
- Thothmes III., annals of, 156
- Thureau Dangin, 29, 87, 91, 141
- Tiglath-pileser I., 173
- Tigris, 80, 102, 103
- Tin, 60, 64
- Toprak Kaleh, 166, 171
- Trees, sacred, in Egypt, 123
- Troy, 54, 60, 61, 65, 166, 171, 182
- Tychsen, 10
- Valle, Pietro della, 8
- Van (Biainas), 31, 161, 164
- Vannic, 31, 162;
- deciphered, 32, 162, 163, 164;
- deities, 165;
- kings, 31, 32
- Vases, Egyptian, 121, 128
- Vases of hard stone, 82, 121, 133
- Vine, home of, 59, 165
- Vishtaspa, 13
- Vyse, 62
- Ward, Hayes, 40, 79
- Week, Babylonian, 122;
- Cappadocian, 172
- Weissbach, 27
- Westergaard, 16, 25
- Wheat, 132;
- in prehistoric graves, 108
- Wood, use of, 83, 84
- Writing material, primitive, 83
- Zend, 10