- Abercromby, the Hon. J.,
64
- Abram,
153
- Abû Shahrein. See Eridu
- Achæmenian dynasty,
11;
- inscriptions,
10;
- transcripts (second),
26,
27
- Acre,
199
- Adamu, Adam,
68,
76,
78,
80,
91
- Aita-gama,
197
- Akkad,
69,
73,
79,
87,
95
- Akkadian,
24,
28–30,
69
- Amiaud,
29
- Amon-hotep III.,
149,
199
- Amon-hotep IV.,
136,
188,
192
- Amorites,
139,
141,
142,
147,
179,
206,
207;
- land of,
139,
141,
143,
179,
194
- Amraphel (Khammu-rabi),
143
- Animals, domesticated,
83,
99
- Anquetil-Duperron,
10
- Anupum (Anubis),
127
- Ape in Babylonia,
129
- Apes of Thoth,
127
- Arabia, Southern,
123
- Archæological versus literary evidence,
43
- Archæology, science of,
36, etc.
- Arioch (Eri-Aku),
143
- Armenia,
31,
160, etc.
- Armenian and Sumerian,
59
- Armenians, modern,
165
- Aryan language, the,
72
- Arzawa,
34,
175;
- language of,
176,
200
- Arzawan letters,
vi.,
175,
200
- Arzawaya,
178,
197,
198,
202,
203,
205
- Asari of Eridu,
119
- Asherah,
150,
153
- Ashtoreth (Istar),
153
- Asia Minor,
61,
62,
160 et seq.,
173,
174;
- gold of,
62;
- bronze in,
66
- Askabad, excavations at,
54,
61,
83
- Ass, domesticated,
83
- Assur (Qal’at Shirqât),
41
- Assur, the god,
95
- Assur-bani-pal,
73
- Assur-natsir-pal,
33,
163
- Assur-yuballidh,
172
- Assyria, the sword in,
65
- Assyrian culture,
113;
- grammar,
25;
- kings,
172;
- Semitic,
19;
- syllabary,
19;
- types,
73
- Asur,
172
- Babylonia (and Egypt),
101, etc.;
- Canaanite dynasty in,
142;
- copper age in,
55;
- no neolithic age in,
45,
157;
- picture-writing of,
57,
75
- Babylonian anthropomorphism,
94,
125;
- chronology,
114;
- civilization,
75,
83;
- irrigation,
101;
- priesthood,
96;
- script,
17,
83;
- seal-cylinder,
111;
- trade,
92
- Babylonians a mixed people,
87
- Balaam,
210
- Barley, origin of,
108
- Bashan,
192,
193
- Behistun,
15,
16,
20,
22,
26
- Bel,
95,
97
- Belck,
33,
163,
166,
171,
174
- Bellerophon,
183
- Bes,
129
- Beth-el,
147
- Bezold,
28
- Black Obelisk, the,
20,
21,
179
- Bliss, Mr.,
209
- Boghaz Keui,
vi.,
34,
171,
174,
175,
178,
184,
195,
197
- Borsippa,
78
- Botta,
18
- Boz Eyuk, pottery of,
171
- Brick, use of,
113
- British Museum, how it excavates,
39,
40
- Bronze,
56,
59,
66;
- scimitars,
57,
65;
- earliest use in Egypt,
60;
- in Krete,
60;
- in the Caucasus,
60;
- origin of, in Britain,
64
- Bronze age in Europe,
64
- Burnouf,
13,
14
- Calah,
18. See Nimrûd
- Canaan,
126,
137,
190,
213 (see Palestine);
- and Egypt,
177;
- before the Exodus,
187 et seq.;
- Hittite pottery in,
179;
- neolithic age in,
146
- Canaanite civilization,
150 et seq.;
- dynasty in Babylonia,
142;
- deities,
152;
- language,
35,
89,
142;
- luxury,
156;
- postal service,
143,
189;
- pottery,
63;
- sacrifice of children,
148
- Cappadocia, Assyrians in,
169
- Cappadocian tablets,
171
- Carchemish,
40,
172,
195
- Careri,
9
- Chaldæa, port of,
80
- Chaldæans,
90
- Chantre,
47,
53,
170,
171,
174,
178
- Chardin, Sir J.,
9
- Chedor-laomer,
143
- Cilicia,
173,
175
- Clay as writing material,
111
- Comana,
173
- Cones, terra-cotta,
134
- Copper, use of,
51,
54,
55,
58,
59,
62;
- mines,
170
- Copper in Sumerian,
58,
59
- Cossæeans. See Kossæans
- Crete. See Krete
- Cros, Captain,
48,
55
- Cubit, Babylonian,
122
- Cuneiform a cursive script,
77,
84,
184;
- used by Egypt,
126,
190
- Cypriotic syllabary,
182
- Cyprus,
65,
140,
182;
- seal-cylinders in,
140
- Damascus,
197
- Darius I.,
9,
12,
16,
35
- Darius, how pronounced,
12
- Deecke,
186
- Deification of king,
95
- Delitzsch, F.,
35
- Determinatives,
57,
84
- Dieulafoy,
73
- Dirk,
65;
- in Danube valley,
65;
- characterizes bronze age,
66
- Domestication of animals,
83
- Dwarfs, sacred,
127,
128
- Ea or Oannes,
75,
79,
81,
119
- Ebed-Kheba, King of Jerusalem,
196,
200,
201,
202,
204
- Eden,
78,
79
- Edin, the “Plain,”
78,
79,
93
- Egypt,
47,
54,
102;
- Asiatic influence on,
125;
- excavations in,
42;
- and Babylonia,
101,
107,
110,
133
- Egyptian irrigation,
102;
- chronology,
115;
- hieroglyphs,
104;
- language Semitic,
107,
110;
- letter of an,
207;
- neolithic culture,
125;
- rule in Canaan,
213;
- seal-cylinders,
112,
114
- Egyptians, dynastic,
110,
114
- Elam,
26,
46,
71,
73,
144;
- copper age in,
51
- Elamite pottery,
47,
48;
- dialects,
71;
- race,
73
- El-Hibba,
41
- El-Kab, sculpture at,
117
- Elwend, inscription of,
20
- Erech,
93
- Eri-aku (Arioch),
143
- Eridu,
76,
78,
79,
81,
82,
85,
92,
118,
120;
- excavations at,
55
- Erman,
107
- Etruscan model of liver,
186
- Euphrates,
81,
102,
103
- Evans, A. J.,
141,
159,
183
- Fibula, introduction of,
65,
66
- Figurines in Elam,
52,
54;
- at Kara Eyuk,
171
- Flower, Samuel,
8
- Garstang,
62
- Gezer,
57,
60,
63,
65,
145, etc.,
154,
158,
198,
204,
206;
- graves at,
151
- Gladstone, Dr., analysis of metals,
60,
61,
170
- Gold, word for,
58
- Gordium, pottery of,
171
- Grotefend,
10–13,
17,
35
- Gudea,
53,
59,
73,
141
- Guyard, Stanislas,
33,
162
- Hadad-nirari I.,
57,
157,
172
- Halévy,
28
- Hall, H. R.,
40
- Hamadan, inscription of,
15
- Hathor identified with Istar,
129
- Haupt,
29
- Haynes,
56
- Hazael,
21
- Hebrew,
142
- Hebron,
203
- Heeren,
13
- Heraldic position in art,
117,
180
- Herat, seal-cylinder from,
184
- Herbert, Thomas,
9
- Herodotus,
131
- Heuzey,
40,
53,
117,
121,
133
- Hezekiah,
21
- Hierakonpolis,
62,
115,
117
- Hilprecht,
56
- Hincks,
17,
19,
21,
22,
23,
25,
31,
161,
162
- Hittite,
34;
- art,
180 et seq.;
- chiefs,
197;
- dirk,
65;
- inscriptions,
195;
- kings,
vi.,
175;
- language,
34,
174,
176,
200;
- mercenaries,
177,
193,
196, etc.;
- pottery,
vi.,
63,
149,
178,
179,
206
- Hittites,
169,
170,
173,
174,
179,
194, etc.,
206
- Hommel,
105,
106,
116,
120
- Horus, followers of,
61,
110,
123,
124
- Hut-urns,
171
- Hyksos,
52,
145,
156,
190;
- introduce bronze,
63;
- axe-heads,
171
- In-Susinak,
50
- Iron, name of,
58;
- in Armenia,
166;
- in Egypt,
62
- Isaac,
154
- Israelites, their advent in Canaan,
212
- Istar,
52,
128,
129,
153
- Ivories of Ephesus,
184
- Jacob-el (see Ya’qub-el),
145,
190
- Jebusites,
205,
213
- Jehu,
21
- Jensen,
34,
168
- Jéquier,
121
- Jerusalem,
21,
178,
201,
205,
210,
213;
- king of,
196,
199, etc.,
202,
204
- Jones, F.,
24
- Kadish,
197,
208
- Kara Eyuk,
47,
48,
53,
166,
169,
170,
171,
173,
181
- Karnak,
54
- Kas,
195,
201,
202
- Kassites,
89;
- dynasty of,
97
- Khabiri,
196,
201,
202
- Khaldis, Khaldian,
164,
165
- Khammu-rabi (see Amraphel),
81,
127,
143,
152,
157;
- code of laws of,
153;
- dynasty of,
155,
156,
167;
- letters of,
45
- Khattinâ (Hittites),
202
- Khorsabad,
18,
19
- King, L. W.,
40
- Knossus, clay tablets at,
183
- Knudtzon,
174,
196,
200
- Kossæeans (Kassites),
35,
144
- Kretan script,
141,
159,
181;
- pottery,
178;
- monsters in art,
180
- Krete,
141,
182
- Kûyunjik,
18,
131. See Nineveh.
- Labbawa, Labbaya,
174,
198,
199,
201,
202,
204
- Lachish,
146,
202,
209;
- excavations at,
145,
149,
158,
206
- Lagas,
73,
141
- Language and race,
109
- Lassen,
14
- Layard,
18,
23,
32,
39,
131,
161
- Lebanon,
152
- Legrain,
54
- Lehmann,
33,
163
- Lenormant, Fr.,
28,
162,
163
- Libraries, Babylonian,
138
- Lichtenberg, von,
53
- Liver, bronze,
186
- Loftus,
26,
80
- Longpérier, de,
19
- Macalister,
57,
63,
146,
147,
151,
154,
155
- Mace-heads,
133
- Magan,
134
- Mal-Amîr,
27
- Map of world, Babylonian,
80
- Maspero,
131
- Megiddo,
148,
156,
199
- Merodach-baladan,
90
- Merodach-nadin-akhi,
73
- Messerschmidt,
28,
34,
168
- Mitanni,
33,
34,
167,
193,
196;
- language of,
168
- Montellius,
64
- Morgan, H. de,
55
- Morgan, J. de,
27,
33,
46,
73,
74,
80,
82,
121
- Moschians,
173
- Münter, Bishop,
10
- Muqayyar (see Ur),
55
- Mussian, excavations at,
50,
53
- Mykenæ,
65
- Mykenæan pottery,
171
- Myres, J. L.,
63,
178
- Naharaim (Mitanni),
196,
202
- Naram-Sin,
56,
73,
88,
140,
143
- Nar-Buzau, palette of,
117,
121,
123
- Nar-Mer,
117
- Nebuchadrezzar,
17,
21,
45
- Neolithic age not in Babylonia,
48,
57
- Neo-Susian,
27
- Niebuhr, Carsten,
9
- Niffer (Nippur), excavations at,
40,
56,
76,
77,
78
- Nimrûd,
18,
21
- Nineveh, excavations at,
18,
57;
- library of,
23,
24,
161
- Niobê of Mount Sipylus,
54
- Norris, Edwin,
16,
26
- Nu-gidda,
128,
129
- Oannes,
75
- Obelisk, the Black,
20,
21,
179
- Obsidian,
51,
171
- Oppert, Jules,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28
- Osiris,
119,
123
- Palestine and Babylonia,
135 et seq.;
- Exploration Fund,
135,
145;
- Hittites in,
193,
194
- Palette of Nar-Buzau,
121,
123
- Papyrus,
84
- Pegasus,
180
- Pehlevi inscriptions,
10
- Pepi, statue of,
62;
- Pyramid texts of,
120
- Persian Gulf,
75;
- land increases at head of,
80
- Peters, Dr.,
56
- Petrie, Flinders,
52,
60,
61,
62,
117,
121,
156,
182
- Philology, value of,
43,
44
- Phœnician alphabet,
159,
183,
185
- Picture-writing, Babylonian,
75,
82,
105;
- analysed,
98–100
- Pietro della Valle,
8
- Pinches, Dr.,
73,
74,
144,
171
- Polyphony,
22
- Postal service in Babylonia,
143;
- in Canaan,
143,
189
- Pottery, importance of,
36 et seq.;
- Babylonian,
39,
42;
- Elamite,
47,
48,
54;
- Hittite,
63,
149,
179;
- Kretan,
178;
- Mykenæan,
171;
- South Canaanite,
63,
149,
178,
206;
- Susian,
47,
51,
53;
- Vannic,
166;
- black with incised lines,
52,
53,
171
- Ptah, Semitic origin of,
129
- Pumpelly, Professor,
54,
64
- Pyramid texts,
122
- Qal’at Shirqât (Assur),
41
- Ramsay, Sir W. M.,
174,
195
- Ramses II., treaty of,
vi.
- Rask,
13,
14
- Rassam, Hormuzd,
23,
32
- Rawlinson, Sir H. C.,
15,
16,
20,
21,
22,
24,
26,
80
- Razor, use of,
134
- Reisner,
118
- Resurrection, the Babylonian,
120
- Rhind,
41,
42
- Rich,
8
- Royal Society,
8
- Sacred trees of Egypt,
123
- Sacy, de,
10
- Saint-Martin,
13
- Samsu-ditana,
28
- Saqia, the,
132
- Sardinians,
211
- Sargon of Akkad,
19,
49,
56,
59,
87,
88,
132,
139,
140,
155,
182
- Sarzec, M. de,
40,
121
- Saulcy, de,
19,
20,
25
- Scheil,
27
- Schliemann,
54,
60,
61,
65,
166,
180
- Schools, Babylonian,
138
- Schulz,
31,
32,
160,
161
- Schweinfurth,
108,
123
- Scimitar, Semitic invention,
65,
66;
- of Hadad-nirari,
157
- Seal-cylinder,
111,
112,
114,
117,
118,
140,
152,
180,
181,
184;
- dwarfs on,
128;
- from Herat,
184;
- in Cyprus,
140;
- in Troy,
180
- Sellin,
157
- Semite culture, origin of,
30;
- influence,
49,
52,
86,
90;
- religion,
93 et seq.;
- kings deified,
95
- Semites in Babylonia,
86
- Semitic Empire,
69,
87
- Semitic family of speech,
89;
- languages,
70,
72;
- types,
73,
74
- Sennacherib,
21
- Shadûf,
99,
130,
131 et seq.
- Shalmaneser I.,
172
- Shalmaneser II.,
179;
- annals of,
21
- Shechem,
198,
204
- “Shepherd” kings,
93
- Sidonian seals,
35,
152
- Silver, name of,
58
- Sin (Sinai),
128,
129
- Sippara,
46,
79,
142
- Spouted vases,
134
- Subari,
172,
181
- Sumer, language of,
28,
29,
68 et seq.,
86
- Sumerian,
24,
28–30,
69;
- animism,
94;
- civilization,
98–100;
- culture,
98;
- — in Canaan,
138;
- dialects,
29,
69;
- origin of,
74;
- origin of culture,
75;
- physical type,
72;
- priest,
96;
- study of,
29,
30;
- survival in Southern Babylonia,
88
- Sumerians, the,
67 et seq.
- Susa,
26;
- excavations at,
27,
46,
73;
- pottery of,
47,
53;
- metal age of,
49
- Swords, earliest,
65;
- in Cyprus,
65;
- in Krete,
65
- Syros,
53
- Taanach, excavations at,
148 et seq.,
152,
157,
199,
212
- Tablets, writing-,
82,
84
- Talîsh, excavations at,
55
- Tarkhundaraba,
175
- Taylor,
55,
78
- Tel el-Amarna,
136,
188;
- tablets,
33,
35,
136,
144,
167,
168,
172,
174,
177,
178,
187,
191,
193,
195,
196,
197,
200,
205
- Tel el-Hesy,
147. See Lachish
- Tello,
29,
40,
53,
55,
72,
73,
91,
121,
122;
- pottery of,
48
- Thothmes III., annals of,
156
- Thureau Dangin,
29,
87,
91,
141
- Tiglath-pileser I.,
173
- Tigris,
80,
102,
103
- Tin,
60,
64
- Toprak Kaleh,
166,
171
- Trees, sacred, in Egypt,
123
- Troy,
54,
60,
61,
65,
166,
171,
182
- Tychsen,
10
- Valle, Pietro della,
8
- Van (Biainas),
31,
161,
164
- Vannic,
31,
162;
- deciphered,
32,
162,
163,
164;
- deities,
165;
- kings,
31,
32
- Vases, Egyptian,
121,
128
- Vases of hard stone,
82,
121,
133
- Vine, home of,
59,
165
- Vishtaspa,
13
- Vyse,
62
- Ward, Hayes,
40,
79
- Week, Babylonian,
122;
- Cappadocian,
172
- Weissbach,
27
- Westergaard,
16,
25
- Wheat,
132;
- in prehistoric graves,
108
- Wood, use of,
83,
84
- Writing material, primitive,
83
- Xerxes,
12,
35,
161;
- Persian form of,
12;
- name of, on vase,
13