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The city

Chapter 58: SUBJECT INDEX
By Robert Ezra Park
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Sociology

About This Book

The volume collects essays that frame an empirical program for studying human behavior under urban conditions, treating the city as a cultural, ecological, and economic habitat rather than merely a set of buildings. Contributors outline an ecological approach to population distribution and urban growth, propose methods for studying neighborhood organization and mobility, and examine institutions and mentalities shaped by city life, including the press, juvenile delinquency, romantic and magical attitudes, and itinerant lifestyles. A classified bibliography accompanies the essays to guide further research.

INDEXES

SUBJECT INDEX

  • Age, the New York, 139
  • Areas: natural, 6, 50–51, 54, 77, 188;
    • of vice and poverty, 55;
    • “bright light,” 56;
    • local trade, 67;
    • commuting, 184;
    • of deterioration, 193
  • Attitudes: sentiments and interests, 16, 22;
    • and money, 17
  • Automobiles: and community growth, 70;
    • and vice, 107
  • Bohemia, 150
  • Chain stores, characteristic of city, 202
  • Chicago: Little Sicily, 10, 56;
    • the Gold Coast, 10;
    • regional planning association of, 48;
    • the Loop, 51;
    • the Ghetto, 56;
    • population of, 60;
    • land values in, 61;
    • occupations in, 57;
    • ecological forces in, 147;
    • Black Belt of, 147
  • Church, the, and city life, 24
  • Cities: classified by functions, 178;
    • satellite, 185;
    • as cultural centers, 186;
    • systematic studies of, 226
  • City, the: A product of nature, 1–2;
    • an ecological unit, 2;
    • natural habitat of civilized man, 2;
    • population of, 5, 6, 8;
    • and human nature, 4, 46, 63;
    • and the division of labor, 14;
    • and primary relations, 23;
    • vice and crime in, 25;
    • and secondary relations, 26;
    • and intellectual life, 30;
    • crusades in, 33;
    • and politics, 34;
    • advertising in, 37;
    • a melting-pot, 40;
    • rewards eccentricity, 41;
    • growth of, 47;
    • population groups, 47;
    • expansion of, 49;
    • age groups in, 47;
    • aggregation, 48;
    • defined, 165, 169;
    • statistics of, 167;
    • and economic development, 168;
    • natural history of, 170;
    • bibliographies of, 174;
    • types of, 175;
    • relation to town and metropolis, 180;
    • and ecological organization, 187, 196;
    • as a physical mechanism, 195;
    • and politics, 201;
    • growth of population in, 208–9, 212;
    • as a parasitic growth, 222
  • City-building, 206
  • City life: biological aspects of, 214;
    • and the new moral order, 223
  • City man, the, life-organization of, 225
  • City mentality, 219
  • Colonies: immigrant, 26;
    • and second generation, 28
  • Communication: mechanism of, 29, 197;
    • and the newspaper, 39;
    • and social contagion, 45
  • Community: defined, 64, 115, 144;
    • and human nature, 65;
    • four types of, 66;
    • agricultural, 68;
    • skeletal structure of, 73;
    • and moral codes, 105–6;
    • and the delinquent, 111;
    • local, 114, 191;
    • measure of efficiency, 118;
    • institutions of, 199
  • Community-center associations, 117
  • Community organizations, 114
  • Competition, and the struggle for space, 63, 64, 71
  • Conurbation, 49
  • Crisis: financial, 21;
    • defined, 27;
    • positive law, 28
  • Cultural areas. See Bohemia, Ghetto, Gold Coast
  • Culture, city-born, 2;
    • urban life and, 3;
    • and political organization, 116–17;
    • and the local community, 145–46
  • Dance hall, public, and the neighborhood, 151
  • Delinquency triangle, the, 152
  • Department store, characteristic city institution, 202
  • Division of labor, the, and new modes of thought, 217
  • Ecological organization, of the city, 2, 115
  • Ecology: human, 2, 63, 145;
    • succession, 50, 75;
    • centralization, 51;
    • climax, 68, 77;
    • culmination, 71;
    • invasion, 72, 74, 76
  • Economic organization, 116
  • Family, modern, as an environment for children, 104
  • Gangs, boys’, 113
  • Geography, urban, 165
  • Ghetto, 150
  • Group, primary: defined, 23;
    • primitive society, 36;
    • politics, 37
  • Hobo, the mind of, 158, 160;
    • colleges, 159
  • Hobohemia: the home of homeless men, 54;
    • as a cultural unit, 150
  • Human nature: man, a “city-building animal,” 2;
  • Industry, and community growth, 70
  • I.W.W.: and casual labor, 159;
    • songs of, 160
  • Juvenile delinquency, 110
  • Land values: and community organizations, 149;
    • and local segregation, 203
  • Literacy, and city life, 139
  • Local community, 114.
    • See Community
  • Locomotion: mind as an incident of, 156;
    • characteristic of animals, 157;
    • and social organization, 157
  • London, East, 10
  • Magic: as emotional expression, 127;
    • a form of thought, 129;
    • transition to science, 132
  • Magic, Thorndyke’s History of, 127
  • “Main stem,” the, 54
  • Markets, and news, 19
  • Metabolism, social, 54
  • Mobility: measurement of, 17, 60;
    • and money, 18;
    • and news, 22;
    • and routine, 58;
    • and disorganization, 153;
    • an index of metabolism, 211
  • Moral region, defined, 45
  • Natural areas. See Areas
  • Negro migration, and delinquency, 108
  • Neighborhood, and the community, 148;
    • recreation centers, 151;
    • and politics, 153;
    • and social research, 155
  • Neighborhood institutions, 146
  • Neighborhood, scientific basis for study of, 154
  • Neighborhood work, scientific basis for, 142
  • News, and crisis, 19; defined, 93
  • News-Letter, Boston, the 83
  • Newspapers: why shocking, 3;
    • as means of social control, 38;
    • definition of, 80, 81–82;
    • circulation, 80;
    • and democracy, 85–86;
    • two types of, 93;
    • metropolitan and provincial, 94;
    • Sunday, 96;
    • and community morale, 220;
    • New York Gazette, Herald, Sun, Times, Tribune, World, 89–96;
    • San Francisco Examiner, 89–96;
    • St. Louis Post Dispatch, 89–96
  • New York: studies of population in, 5;
    • Harlem, 8;
    • Chinatown, 10;
    • Greenwich Village, 10;
    • foreign-language press in, 27;
    • Bureau of Research, 39;
    • city plan, 48;
    • transportation, 60
  • Obeah: Negro magic, 123;
    • and Negro mentality, 133;
    • fashions in, 135;
    • and popular medicine, 138;
    • in New York City, 139
  • Occupational group, the, characteristic urban social unit, 220–21
  • Playgrounds, as character-forming agencies, 111–12
  • Population: cycle, 71, 74;
    • sifting of, in city, 79
  • Position, the concept of, 64
  • Press: power of, 90, 91;
    • party, 90;
    • independent, 90, 94;
    • yellow, 94
  • Primitive mentality, 124–25, 126, 140
  • Psychic compensation, Alfred Adler’s theory of, 101–2
  • Public opinion, and gossip, 85
  • Reform, and militant minorities, 28
  • Reporters, parliamentary, 87
  • Sage Foundation, the, city-planning studies of, 5
  • St. Lucia, obeah in, 136
  • San Francisco, Chinatown, 10
  • San Francisco Examiner, 150
  • Science, geographical limitations of, 139
  • Seattle, 76, 78;
    • age and sex groups in, 78
  • Segregation, 5, 40, 56;
    • segregated areas, 9;
    • and occupations, 57
  • Settlement, the, and neighborhood work, 142
  • Skyscraper, and population density, 203
  • Slum, the, 148
  • Social agencies, 109–10
  • Social Centers, location of, 150
  • Social control: changes in, 31;
    • and vice, 32;
    • and advertising, 37;
    • public opinion and, 38;
    • and city life, 107;
    • as type-factors, 143
  • Social distances, 145
  • Stock exchange, a measure of mobility, 26
  • Temperament, and city life, 45
  • Town-planning, 115
  • Transportation, an ecological factor, 69
  • Virgin Islands, changing mental habits of natives, 140
  • Wanderlust, and the romantic temperament, 158
  • Wishes, defined, 119

INDEX TO AUTHORS

  • Adams, 145
  • Addams, Jane, 188, 198, 212
  • Agache, Auburtin, 194
  • Agache, Redont, 194
  • Allison, Thomas W., 208
  • Anderson, Nels, 54, 62, 109, 158, 188
  • Anthony, Joseph, 225
  • Arndt, Arno, 200
  • Arner, G. B. L., 204
  • Aronovici, Carol, 204, 227
  • Ashby, A. W., 209
  • Assessor (pseudonym), 198
  • Aurousseau, M., 165, 181, 208
  • Bab, Julius, 188
  • Bader, Emil, 212
  • Baer, M., 187
  • Bagehot, Walter, 17
  • Bahre, Walter, 217
  • Bailey, W. B., 214
  • Baillie, J. B., 138, 139
  • Baily, W. L., 172
  • Bajla, W. B., 214
  • Baker, J. E., 216
  • Ballard, W. J., 206
  • Ballod, C., 210
  • Barron, S. B., 214
  • Barrows, Harlan H., 166
  • Bartlett, Dana W., 194
  • Bassett, E. M., 206
  • Bauer, L., 210
  • Bax, E. B., 171
  • Beard, C. A., 172
  • Below, George von, 168
  • Benario, Leo, 218
  • Benson, E., 171
  • Bercovici, Konrad, 211
  • Bernhard, Georg, 187
  • Bernhard, H., 206
  • Besant, Walter, 11, 26, 191
  • Beusch, P. 210
  • Bierman, Charles, 177
  • Billings, J. S., 214
  • Bingham, Robert F., 75, 204
  • Blanchard, Raoul, 166
  • Blankenburg, R., 167
  • Bleicher, H., 214
  • Böckh, R., 210, 216
  • Bodine, H. E., 182
  • Bonne, G., 212
  • Bookwalter, J. W., 222
  • Booth, Charles, 188, 226
  • Bowley, A. L., 210, 223
  • Bowman, LeRoy E., 200
  • Brown, Junius Henri, 188
  • Brown, Robert M., 206
  • Bruere, Henry, 201
  • Brunhes, Jean, 65, 178
  • Brunner, Edmund, deS., 223
  • Bryce, James, 34, 38
  • Bryce, P. H., 210
  • Bücher, Karl, 167, 172
  • Buchner, Eberhard, 191, 200
  • Burgess, Ernest W., 64, 144
  • Burke, Thomas, 191, 218
  • Burns, Allen T., 227
  • Busbey, L. W., 223
  • Buschan, G. H., 212
  • Bushee, F. A., 206, 208
  • Cacheux, E., 210
  • Capes, William Parr, 201
  • Carbaugh, H. C., 198
  • Carleton, Will, 219
  • Carroll, Charles E., 199
  • Chalmers, Thomas, 212
  • Cheney, C. H., 193
  • Cheney, Edward Potts, 168
  • Chisholm, George G., 166, 183
  • Classen, W. F., 212, 213
  • Clemens, Samuel, 42
  • Clements, F. E., 68, 74
  • Clerget, Pierre, 170
  • Clerk (pseudonym), 201
  • Cleveland, Frederick A., 201
  • Colze, Leo, 202
  • Consentius, Ernest, 171
  • Cook, O. F., 223
  • Cooley, Charles Horton, 23
  • Cornish, Vaughn, 178
  • Cottrell, E. A., 180
  • Coudenhove-Kalergi, H., 225
  • Coulanges, Fustel de, 170
  • Coulton, George Gordon, 171
  • Cruickshank, J. Graham, 123
  • Cummin, G. C., 201
  • Cunningham, William, 167
  • Cushing, C. P., 182
  • Damaschke, Adolph, 222
  • Daniels, John, 190, 191
  • D’Avenel, G. le Vicomte, 197
  • Davenport, C. B., 215
  • Davis, W. S., 170
  • Day, Clive, 168
  • Denison, John Hopkins, 188
  • Desmond, S., 186
  • Deutsch-German, Alfred (pseudonym), 221
  • Dewey, John, 199
  • Dickerman, G. S., 210
  • Dietrich, Richard, 189
  • Digby, E., 211
  • Dillen, Johannes Gerard van, 168
  • Dittmann, P., 210
  • Donovan, Frances, 218
  • Douglass, H. Paul, 68, 208
  • Dreiser, Theodore, 191
  • Dublin, Louis I., 215
  • Dunn, Arthur W., 191
  • Ebeling, Martin, 172
  • Eberstadt, Rudolph, 193
  • Edel, Edmund, 184
  • Eldridge, Seba, 191
  • Elmer, Manuel C., 227
  • Ely, Richard T., 182, 201, 204
  • Ende, A. von, 173, 174
  • Faris, J. T., 176
  • Fassett, Charles M., 196
  • Fawcett, C. B., 206
  • Feather, W. A., 206
  • Febvre, Lucien, 180
  • Fehlinger, Hans, 215
  • Felton, Ralph E., 190
  • Fitzpatrick, Edward A., 198
  • Flagg, James M., 221
  • Fleure, Herbert John, 175
  • Follett, Mary P., 220
  • Fosdick, Raymond, 198
  • Fowler, W. W., 170
  • Fraser, E., 175
  • Freimark, Hans, 221
  • Friedländer, L., 170
  • Galpin, C. J., 182, 183, 223
  • Gamble, Sidney D., 176, 226
  • Geddes, Patrick, 176, 194
  • Geisler, Walter, 181
  • George, M. Dorothy, 173
  • George, W. L., 204
  • Gide, Charles, 180
  • Gilbert, Arthur Benson, 201
  • Gilbert, Bernard, 180
  • Gillette, J. M., 70, 224
  • Goldmark, Pauline, 189
  • Goodnow, Frank J., 201
  • Goodrich, E. P., 197
  • Goodwin, Frank P., 192
  • Grahn, E., 196
  • Grant, James, 219
  • Gras, Norman S. B., 168, 180
  • Gray, C. H., 215
  • Green, Alice S. A., 171
  • Gregory, W. M., 206
  • Gross, Charles, 184
  • Groves, E. R., 210, 224
  • Guilfoy, W. H., 215
  • Günther, Viktor, 200
  • Hadley, A. T., 69
  • Hammer, Wilhelm, 221
  • Hammond, Barbara, 218
  • Hammond, J. L., 218
  • Hammond, L. J., 215
  • Hanslik, Erwin, 176
  • Hapgood, Hutchins, 221
  • Hare, Augustus J. C., 173, 174
  • Harmon, G. E., 215
  • Harper, Charles George, 189
  • Harris, Emerson Pitt, 197
  • Harrison, Shelby M., 198, 226, 227
  • Hassert, Kurt, 166
  • Haurbeck, L., 216
  • Haverfield, F. J., 195
  • Hebble, Charles Ray, 192
  • Hecht, Ben, 221
  • Hecke, W., 210
  • Henderson, C. R., 213
  • Heron, David, 216
  • Herschmann, Otto, 200
  • Herzfeld, Elsa G., 211
  • Hessel, J. F., 173
  • Hill, Howard C., 201
  • Hirschfeld, Magnus, 197, 208
  • Hoaglund, H. E., 210
  • Höffner, C., 196
  • Holborn, I. B. S., 203
  • Holmes, Samuel J., 215
  • Homburg, F., 176, 179
  • Hooker, G. E., 208
  • Howe, Frederic C., 173, 185, 220
  • Hughes, W. R., 195
  • Humphrey, Z., 225
  • Hunter, Robert, 204
  • Hurd, Richard M., 204
  • Hyan, Hans, 218
  • Irwin, Will, 93, 95, 173
  • Izoulet, Jean, 169
  • James, Edmund J., 207
  • Jastrow, J., 224
  • Jefferson, Mark, 166, 176, 187, 207, 209
  • Jenks, A. E., 192
  • Jephson, H. L., 196
  • Johnson, Clarence Richard, 173, 226
  • Johnson, James Welden, 8
  • Johnson, R., 61
  • Jones, James Jesse, 190
  • Kales, Albert M., 185
  • Katcher, Leopold, 192
  • Kellogg, Paul U., 179, 226, 227
  • Kenngott, George F., 179, 226
  • Kern, Robert R., 193
  • King, C. F., 178
  • King, Grace, 174
  • Kingsbury, J. E., 197
  • Kirk, William, 173
  • Kirwan, Daniel Joseph, 189
  • Knowles, L. C. A., 66, 70
  • Kübler, Wilhelm, 196
  • Kühner, F., 216
  • Lambin, Maria Ward, 200
  • Lasker, Bruno, 180, 218, 226
  • Lasson, Alfred, 213
  • Levainville, Jacques, 183
  • Lévy-Bruhl, 123 ff.
  • Lewis, C. F., 216
  • Lewis, H. M., 197
  • Lewis, J. N., 216
  • Lewis, Nelson P., 195
  • Lippmann, Walter, 85, 93, 97
  • Loeb, Jacques, 30
  • Loeb, Moritz, 202
  • Lohman, K. B., 180
  • Love, A. G., 215
  • Lucas, Edw. V., 192
  • Lueken, E., 184
  • McCombs, C. E., 224
  • MacDonough, Michael, 87
  • McDowall, Arthur, 225
  • Maciver, R. M., 192
  • MacKenzie, C., 222
  • McKenzie, R. D., 190, 201
  • McLean, Francis H., 179
  • McMichael, Stanley L., 75, 204
  • Macpherson, J., 215
  • McVey, Frank L., 181
  • Maine, Sir H. A., 181
  • Manschke, R., 217
  • Marcuse, Max, 213
  • Markey, Gene, 222
  • Marpillero, G., 219
  • Martell, P., 207
  • Maunier, René, 169
  • Maurice, Arthur Bartlett, 192
  • Maxey, C. C., 185
  • Mayhew, Henry, 218
  • Mayr, G. von, 210
  • Meinshausen, 215
  • Mensch, Ella (pseudonym), 222
  • Mercier, Marcel, 177
  • Meuriot, P. M. G., 167, 211
  • Miller, H. A., 192
  • Moore, E. C., 199
  • Morehouse, E. W., 204
  • Morgan, Anna, 219
  • Morgan, J. E., 217
  • Morgan, W. S., 173
  • Morse, H. N., 224
  • Mowrer, Ernest R., 62
  • Mulvihill, F. J., 185
  • Mumford, Lewis, 203
  • Munro, W. B., 60, 201
  • Myers, C. S., 225
  • Nichols, C. M., 203
  • Noack, Victor, 218
  • Ober, Frederick A., 132
  • Odum, Howard W., 202
  • Olcott, George C., 205
  • Olden, Balder, 187
  • Ormiston, E., 182
  • Ostwald, Hans O., 189, 200, 213, 226
  • Palmer, George T., 227
  • Park, Robert E., 64, 119, 144, 192, 197, 220
  • Parker, Horatio Nelson, 203
  • Payne, George Henry, 89
  • Pearl, Raymond, 120
  • Peattie, Roderick, 224
  • Penck, Albrecht, 187
  • Perry, Clarence A., 190
  • Petermann, Theodor, 186
  • Phelan, John J., 200
  • Pieper, E., 215
  • Pirenne, Henry, 172
  • Pollock, H. M., 173
  • Pratt, Edward Ewing, 205
  • Preuss, Hugo, 172
  • Prinzing, F., 210, 211, 217, 224
  • Purdom, C. B., 195
  • Püschel, Alfred, 207
  • Quaife, Milo Milton, 197
  • Ratzel, Friedrich, 177
  • Ravenstein, E. G., 211
  • Reckless, Walter C., 62
  • Reeve, Sidney A., 205
  • Reibmayr, A., 222
  • Reuter, E. B., 167
  • Rhodes, Harrison, 176, 200
  • Richmond, Mary E., 198
  • Ridgley, Douglas C., 177, 207
  • Riis, Jacob A., 205
  • Ripley, W. Z., 209
  • Roberts, Kate L., 195
  • Roberts, Peter, 179
  • Roe, Clifford, 218
  • Röse, C., 216
  • Ross, E. A., 223
  • Rostovtzeff, Michael, 171
  • Roth, Lawrence V., 207
  • Rowntree, B. Seebohm, 218, 226
  • Roxby, P. M., 223
  • Salten, Felix, 209
  • Sanborn, Frank B., 179
  • Sanderson, Dwight, 224
  • Sarker, S. L., 215
  • Schäfer, D., 167
  • Scharrelmann, Heinrich, 189
  • Schmid, Herman, 209
  • Schrader, F., 166
  • Schuchard, Ernest, 213
  • Schumacher, Fritz, 203, 205
  • Sears, Charles, 192, 213
  • Sedlaczek, 207
  • Seiler, C. Linn, 219
  • Seligman, Edwin R. A., 189
  • Semple, Ellen C., 178, 179
  • Sennett, R. A., 195
  • Sharp, George W., 213
  • Shideler, E. H., 62, 203
  • Shine, Mary L., 181
  • Simkhovitch, Mark K., 218
  • Simmel, Georg, 219
  • Sims, Newell Leroy, 72, 181
  • Slosson, P., 181
  • Smith, Adam, 13
  • Smith, Arthur H., 224
  • Smith, F. Berkley, 189
  • Smith, Joseph Russell, 69, 166, 178, 223
  • Smythe, William Ellsworth, 205
  • Solenberger, Alice W., 218
  • Sombart, Werner, 168, 220
  • Spencer, A. G., 211
  • Spengler, Oswald, 1, 2, 3, 220
  • Steele, Rufus, 179
  • Steffens, Lincoln, 202
  • Steiner, Jesse F., 213
  • Steinhart, A., 211
  • Stella, A., 205
  • Stelze, Charles, 213
  • Stephany, H., 212
  • Stote, A., 195
  • Stow, John, 172
  • Strong, Josiah, 173, 213
  • Strunsky, Simeon, 189
  • Südekum, Albert, 205
  • Sumner, Charles, 36
  • Taylor, Graham Romeyn, 185
  • Tews, Johann, 199
  • Theilhaber, F. A., 217
  • Thomas, William I., 19, 27, 99, 108, 119, 128, 213
  • Thompson, Warren S., 217
  • Thorndyke, Lynn, 123
  • Thrasher, F. M., 62, 111
  • Thurnwald, R., 224
  • Timbs, John, 189
  • Todd, Robert E., 179
  • Toulmin, Harry A., 202
  • Tout, T. F., 195
  • Tower, W. S., 179
  • Traquair, Ramsay, 73
  • Trawick, Arcadius McSwain, 199
  • Triggs, H. Inigo, 195
  • Triton (pseudonym), 221
  • Tucker, R. S., 224
  • Turszinsky, Walter, 199
  • Uhde-Bernays, Herman, 176
  • Van Cleef, E., 207
  • Vandervelde, E., 223
  • Veblen, Thorstein, 219
  • Veiller, Lawrence, 205
  • Villchur, Mark, 81
  • Voss, W., 211
  • Vuillenmier, J. F., 225
  • Waentig, H., 168
  • Walford, C., 216
  • Wallas, Graham, 82, 104
  • Waltemath, E., 223
  • Ward, Edward J., 199
  • Warming, Eugenius, 145
  • Weatherly, U. G., 131
  • Weber, Adna Ferrin, 57, 207
  • Weber, G. A., 202
  • Weber, L. W., 216
  • Weiberg, W., 216
  • Weidner, Albert, 219
  • Weisstein, G., 211
  • Weleminsky, F., 212
  • Wells, Joseph, 186
  • Welton, T. A., 224
  • Werthauer, Johannes, 189, 214, 219
  • Weyl, Walter E., 202
  • Whipple, G. C., 197, 216
  • Whitbeck, R. H., 182
  • White, Bouck, 190
  • Wilcox, Delos F., 185, 202
  • Williams, Fred V., 192
  • Williams, James M., 190, 209
  • Wilson, Warren H., 72, 181, 198
  • Winter, Max, 209, 220
  • Wood, Arthur Evans, 179
  • Woods, Robert A., 7, 154, 189, 212
  • Woolston, Howard, 220
  • Wright, Henry C., 177, 184
  • Wright, R., 185
  • Wuttke, R., 193
  • Young Erle Fiske, 190
  • Zahn, F., 208
  • Zimmern, Alfred E., 171
  • Zimmern, Helen, 187
  • Znaniecki, Florian, 128, 213
  • Zorbaugh, H. W., 62
  • Zueblin, Charles, 173, 202