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The Historical Child / Paidology; The Science of the Child

Chapter 205: FOOTNOTES:
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About This Book

A systematic comparative survey of child life across ancient and traditional societies, describing prenatal rites, birth customs, naming, care, dress, food, play, education, family relations, legal status, labor, and religious observances. Chapters treat children in Mesoamerican and Andean cultures (including ritual sacrifice and elite training), Egypt, India, China (including foot deformation), Japan, Persia, Judea, Greece, Rome, medieval Europe, and early America, noting variations in marriage, slavery, apprenticeship, toys, schooling, and rites of passage. The work combines ethnographic description and historical commentary to show how social institutions and cultural beliefs shaped the experiences of childhood.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The ai in paidology is pronounced as in aisle, as i in pine.

[2] Bancroft, Native races of Pacific states, II, 267.

[3] Barnes, Studies in education, I, 75. ("The History of Mexico. By Francesco S. Clavigero. Translated by Chas. Cullen, London, 1787, vol. I., pp. 335 et seq.")

[4] Barnes, Studies in education I, 76-78.

[5] Bancroft, Native races of Pacific states, II, 372.

[6] Ibid., II, 356.

[7] Joyce, Mexican archæology, 156.

[8] Prescott, Conquest of Mexico, I, 81.

[9] Joyce, Mexican archæology, 98.

[10] Prescott, Conquest of Mexico, I, 78-79.

[11] Prescott, Conquest of Mexico, I, 149.

[12] Bancroft, Native races of Pacific states, II, 482.

[13] Joyce, Mexican archæology, 184.

[14] Joyce, Mexican archæology, 129.

[15] Bancroft, Native races of Pacific states, II, 286.

[16] Bancroft, Native races of Pacific states, II, 297-299.

[17] Prescott, Conquest of Peru, I, 65.

[18] Joyce, South American archæology, 104.

[19] Prescott, Conquest of Peru, I, 142.

[20] Joyce, South American archæology, 121.

[21] Prescott, Conquest of Peru, I, 140.

[22] Prescott, Conquest of Peru, I, 22-25.

[23] Prescott, Conquest of Peru, I, 120.

[24] Rawlinson, History of ancient Egypt, I, 103.

[25] Wilkinson, Popular account of ancient Egyptians, II, 199.

[26] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians, I, 459.

[27] Exodus I, 8.

[28] Wilkinson, op. cit., I, 346.

[29] Wilkinson, The Egyptians in the time of the Pharaohs, 40.

[30] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians, II, 333.

[31] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of ancient Egyptians, II, 331.

[32] Ibid., II, 22.

[33] Wilkinson, Popular account of ancient Egyptians, I, 186.

[34] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of ancient Egyptians, II, 50.

[35] Wilkinson, Egyptians in time of Pharaoh, 14.

[36] Wilkinson, Popular account of ancient Egyptians I, 54.

[37] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians, II, 334.

[38] Petrie, Arts and crafts of ancient Egypt, 140.

[39] Wilkinson, Popular account of the ancient Egyptians, II, 194.

[40] Rawlinson, History of ancient Egypt, I, 496.

[41] Petrie, Arts and crafts of ancient Egypt, 6.

[42] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of ancient Egypt, II, 306.

[43] Petrie, op. cit., 26.

[44] Rawlinson, History of ancient Egypt, I, 204.

[45] Dean, History of civilization, I, 381.

[46] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of ancient Egyptians, III, 243.

[47] Ibid., II, 455.

[48] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of ancient Egyptians, I, 438.

[49] Laurie, Historical survey of pre-Christian education, 47.

[50] Wilkinson, Manners and customs of ancient Egyptians, II, 489.

[51] Dubois, Hindu manners, customs, and ceremonies, 339.

[52] Dubois, Hindu manners, 205.

[53] Mills, British India, I, 308.

[54] Dutt, Civilization in ancient India, I, 69.

[55] Dubois, Hindu manners, 214, et seq.

[56] Ramabai, The high-caste Hindu woman, 47.

[57] Dutt, Civilization in ancient India, I, 172.

[58] Ramabai, High-caste Hindu woman, 34.

[59] Allen, India, 459.

[60] Dutt, op. cit., II, 308.

[61] Dubois, Hindu manners, 39.

[62] Allen, India, 417.

[63] Dubois, Hindu manners, 361, et seq.

[64] Ramabai, High-caste Hindu woman, 12.

[65] Dubois, Hindu manners, 307.

[66] Dubois, Hindu manners, 369.

[67] Dutt, Civilization in ancient India, II, 148.

[68] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 176.

[69] Graves, A history of education, Before the Middle Ages, 86.

[70] Davis, The Chinese, I, 264.

[71] Smith, Chinese characteristics, 205.

[72] Davis, The Chinese, I, 269.

[73] Douglass, History of China, 130, et seq.

[74] Carus, Chinese life and customs, 81.

[75] Douglass, History of China, 115.

[76] Williams, The Middle kingdom, II, 54.

[77] Davis, The Chinese, I, 270.

[78] Smith, Chinese characteristics, 198.

[79] Headland, Chinese boy and girl, 33.

[80] Headland, Chinese boy and girl, 35.

[81] Ibid., 9 et seq.

[82] Williams, The middle kingdom, II, 261.

[83] Smith, Village life in China, 259.

[84] Lee, When I was a boy in China, 43.

[85] Smith, Village life in China, 237.

[86] Smith, Chinese characteristics, 175.

[87] Doolittle, Sketches of social life in China, Harper's Magazine, XXXI (1865), 442.

[88] Lee, When I was a boy in China, 47.

[89] Ibid., 34.

[90] Williams, The Middle kingdom, II, 89.

[91] Headland, Chinese boy and girl, 51.

[92] Lee, When I was a boy in China, 40.

[93] Headland, Chinese boys and girls, 80.

[94] Williams, Middle kingdom, II, 89.

[95] Williams, Middle kingdom, II, 41.

[96] Lee, When I was a boy in China, 70.

[97] Martin, The Chinese, 71.

[98] Martin, The Chinese, 62.

[99] Smith, Village life in China, 73.

[100] Smith, Village life in China, 80.

[101] Davis, The Chinese, I, 276.

[102] Lee, When I was a boy in China, 54.

[103] Smith, Village life in China, 79.

[104] Ibid., 93.

[105] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 150.

[106] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 553.

[107] Kikuchi, Japanese education, 261.

[108] Bacon, Japanese girls and women, 96.

[109] Nitobe, The Japanese nation, 96.

[110] Nitobe, The Japanese nation, 165.

[111] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 555.

[112] Bacon, Japanese girls and women, 121.

[113]——, Manners and customs of the Japanese, 127.

[114] Taylor, Japan in our day, 148.

[115] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 557.

[116] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, I, 169.

[117] Knapp, Feudal and modern Japan, I, 109-115.

[118] Lloyd, Every-day Japan, 324.

[119] Scherer, Young Japan, 48.

[120] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 356.

[121] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 460.

[122] Taylor, Japan in our day, 163.

[123] Bacon, Japanese girls and women, 31.

[124] Taylor, Japan in our day, 156.

[125] Hearn, Glimpses of unfamiliar Japan, I, 266.

[126] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II. 464.

[127] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 468.

[128] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 491.

[129] Griffis, Japan in history, 75.

[130] Hearn, Glimpses of unfamiliar Japan, I, 286.

[131] Scherer, Young Japan, 149.

[132] Murray, Japan, 112.

[133]——, Manners and customs of the Japanese, 126.

[134] Nitobé, The Japanese nation, 166.

[135] Griffis, The Mikado's empire, II, 558.

[136] Rawlinson, Seven great monarchies, II, 319.

[137] Fraser, History of Persia, 289.

[138] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 183.

[139] Letourneau, Evolution of marriage, 332.

[140] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 190.

[141] Graves, History of education, Before the middle ages, 100.

[142] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 191.

[143] Edersheim, History of the Jewish nation, 309.

[144] McClintock and Strong, Cyclopedia of biblical literature, V, 774.

[145] McClintock and Strong, Cyclopedia of biblical literature, V, 774.

[146] Edersheim, Sketches of Jewish social life in the days of Christ, 157.

[147] Thwing, The family, 42.

[148] Dean, History of civilization, I, 597.

[149] Edersheim, Sketches of Jewish life, 99.

[150] Edersheim, Sketches of Jewish life, 218.

[151] Lees, Village life in Palestine, 203.

[152] McClintock and Strong, Cyclopedia of biblical literature, III, 730.

[153] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 76-77.

[154] Graves, History of education, Before the middle ages, 124.

[155] Dean, History of civilization, II, 176.

[156] Tucker, Life in ancient Athens, 122.

[157] Donaldson, Woman, Her position and influence in ancient Greece and Rome and among the early Christians, 56.

[158] Donaldson, Woman, 71-72.

[159] Ibid., 58.

[160] Ibid., 71.

[161] Dean, History of civilization II, 179.

[162] Dean, History of civilization, II, 167-168.

[163] Dean, History of civilization, II, 173.

[164] Dean, History of civilization, II, 174.

[165] Dean, The history of civilization, II, 183.

[166] Gulick, The life of the ancient Greeks, 75.

[167] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 251.

[168] Dean, History of civilization, II, 185.

[169] Mahaffy, Old Greek education, 20.

[170] Felton, Greece, I, 426.

[171] Mahaffy, Old Greek education, 18-19.

[172] Gardiner, Greek athletic sports and festivals, 47.

[173] Tucker, Life in ancient Athens, 273.

[174] Tucker, Life in ancient Athens, 206.

[175] Laurie, Pre-Christian education, 248.

[176] Friedländer, Roman life and manners under the early empire, I, 19.

[177] Fowler, Social life at Rome, 213.

[178] Fowler, Social life at Rome, 240.

[179] Dean, History of civilization, III, 221.

[180] Donaldson, Woman, Her position and influence in ancient Greece and Rome, 120-123.