INDEX
- Adam of Bremen, 49, 97, 156, 286.
- Annals, Icelandic, 110, 137, 146, 152, 283–5, 295.
- Ari Marsson, 96, 189.
- Ari the Learned, 74, 87, 93, 120, 156, 173–7.
- Aud the Very Wealthy, 28, 87, 103, 152.
- Avalldamon, 65, 188.
- Babcock, W. H., 7, 103, 186, 199, 234, 235, 236, 252, 254, 262, 263, 268–70.
- Bacchus, Île de, 159.
- Balista, 62, 184–6, 194.
- Bardson, Ivar, sailing directions of, 199, 204.
- Barn, discovered by Thorvald’s expedition, 46, 48, 160.
- Barnstable Peninsula, 246, 248, 253, 257, 258, 270.
- Bear, killed on Bjarney, 56, 266.
- Bear Isles, 56, 262, 295.
- Bede, the Venerable, 191, 209.
- Birds, on Straumsey, 57, 154, 168–71.
- Bjarney, 56, 228, 238, 265–7.
- Bjarni Grimolfson, companion of Karlsefni, 53, 55, 58, 60, 64;
- confused with Herjulfson, 105;
- not mentioned in Flatey Book, 143.
- Bjarni Herjulfson, discovers America, 25–8;
- in Norway, 40;
- sells ship to Leif, 40;
- distinguished from Grimolfson, 105;
- authenticity of voyage, 114–18;
- course of voyage, 131;
- Mr. Hovgaard on, 238;
- reconstruction of voyage, 244–51.
- Björn Asbrandsson, 190.
- Björn, Bishop, descendant of Karlsefni, 19, 20, 72, 86.
- Bláserk, 22, 112.
- Brand I, Bishop, descendant of Karlsefni, 72, 86, 101–2, 111, 137.
- Brattahlid, 25, 37, 39, 40, 44, 45, 52–5, 135, 138, 141.
- Brendan, Saint, voyage of, 162, 168, 171, 184.
- Bull, Karlsefni’s, frightens savages, 62, 83, 194.
- Cabot, 9, 221, 266.
- Canoes, 46, 61, 95, 107, 174, 177–9, 193.
- Cartier, Jacques, 107, 158, 170, 179, 183, 192, 226, 231, 266, 267.
- Cartwright, Captain, 240, 266.
- Celtic literature, influence discussed, 154, 162–72, 184, 187, 191.
- Champlain, 48, 159, 170, 236, 256, 268.
- Charlemagne, character of traditions concerning, 116.
- Cloth, red, coveted by skrælings, 61, 183–4, 194.
- Cod, Cape, 248, 256–9, 265, 267, 270, 273, 276.
- Corn, wild, 48, 57, 60, 76, 98, 107, 158, 159–62, 226, 229, 240.
- Corte Real, 9, 221, 265, 266.
- Courses, 107, 131, 222, 232, 239, 242, 258, 259, 265.
- Crossness, 47.
- Dægr, meaning discussed, 196–211.
- Dasent, Sir George, 148.
- Dawson’s Acadian Geology, 269.
- De Laet: see Hudson.
- Denys, Nicholas, 159, 170, 179, 268–9.
- Dicuil, 191.
- Dieserud, Juul, 104, 234, 258, 271.
- Down Islands: see New Land.
- Dublin, 28, 66.
- Eggs, on Straumsey, 58, 168–71.
- Eric, Bishop of Greenland, 18, 152, 283.
- Eric the Far-Travelled, 110.
- Eric the Red, adventures in Iceland and discovery of Greenland, 21–4;
- children, 25, 37;
- receives Thorbjörn Vifilson, 37;
- slow to change faith, 39;
- asked to accompany Leif, 40;
- accident to, 41, 78;
- death alleged, 45;
- unconverted, 47;
- entertains Karlsefni, 53;
- in Eyrbyggja, 73;
- Ari’s account of, 74, 94;
- bad opinion of priest, 75, 136;
- conversion alleged, 76;
- accompanies Thorstein, 79;
- problem of his death, 135.
- Eric the Red, Saga of, 14, 100, 101, 108, 141.
- Eyktarstad observation, 42, 107, 123, 211–20, 225, 229, 243.
- Eyrbyggja Saga, 39, 66, 73, 190.
- Fernald, Professor, 160, 229.
- Fischer, Joseph, 106, 115.
- Fisher’s Island, 272, 273.
- Flags, Indian, 65, 183, 193.
- Flatey Book, 14, 100, 104–46, 238.
- Flóamanna Saga, 136.
- Fortunate Islands: see Insulae Fortunatae.
- Fóstbraeðra Saga, 138.
- Foxes, arctic, in Helluland, 56, 165, 230–1.
- Freydis, daughter of Eric the Red, 25;
- illegitimate, 55;
- courage of, 62–3;
- second visit to Wineland, 67;
- crime of, 70;
- independence of Flatey Book story of, 105;
- probability of story, 127.
- Fríssbók, 74, 119.
- Frobisher, 178, 183, 184, 289.
- Froda miracle, 38–9.
- Furdustrands, 56, 59, 60, 133, 227, 233, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 267–71, 285, 295.
- Fur-trading by skrælings 61, 84, 183, 194.
- Garda, site of Greenland Cathedral, 25, 142, 288.
- Genealogies, Icelandic love of, 10, 91.
- Geography, Icelandic, 241, 274, 287–9.
- Godthaab, 23, 262, 295.
- Gosling, W., 181.
- Greenland, 16, 22, 74, 94, 139–46, 149, 177, 261, 282, 284, 287, 288, 290–6.
- Gretti’s Saga, 53, 249.
- Gripla, 227.
- Gudrid, early history of, 30;
- helps the sibyl, 36;
- marriage to Thori, 45, 134;
- to Thorstein Ericson, 49, 79;
- to Karlsefni, 54, 83;
- son born in Wineland, 64;
- later history and death of, 72;
- descendants, 86;
- heroine of Saga of Eric, 142.
- Gunnbjörn, 22, 117, 118.
- Hake and Hekja, 57, 106, 151, 167, 254, 271.
- Hakluyt, 169, 178, 179, 231, 236, 250, 266.
- Haliburton, R. G., 113.
- Halibut, 60, 171.
- Hallbera, Abbess of Reynisness, 19, 20, 87, 102.
- Hall-beams (setstokkar), 21, 24.
- Harald Haardraade, 90, 286.
- Hauk Erlendson, 19, 20, 87, 96, 100–4.
- Heimskringla, 94, 113, 120, 138, 199.
- Helgi Thorbrandson, 24, 116.
- Helgi and Finnbogi, 67–70.
- Helluland, 41, 56, 165, 167, 172, 227, 230–1, 235, 238, 251, 263–5, 287, 288, 290, 295, 296.
- Henderson’s Iceland, 212–13.
- Herjulf, 16, 24, 25, 114.
- Hewlett, Maurice, his Gudrid the Fair, 7–8.
- History, character of early, 150.
- Hönen runic stone, 285, 286, 294.
- Hóp, 60, 64, 108, 162, 223, 228, 234, 237, 238, 240, 242, 252, 272, 275–81.
- Horsford, E. N., 147, 235, 270.
- Hovgaard, W., 7, 114, 237–40, 262.
- Hudson, the Navigator, 48, 159, 184, 187, 277.
- Hudson River, 272, 276.
- Húsa-snotra, 71, 144, 146, 288.
- Hvarf, in Greenland, 202, 203–5, 208.
- Hvítramannaland, 65, 97, 189–91, 194.
- Hvitserk, 22, 290, 292.
- Imramha: see Voyage literature, Celtic.
- Insulae Fortunatae, 98, 154–62.
- Ireland, 28, 60, 66, 154, 162–72, 189–91.
- Isidore Hispalensis, 98, 154, 162.
- Íslendíngabók, 74, 87, 94, 173–6.
- Jan Mayen, 207, 208.
- Jökul, 238, 249.
- Jolduhlaup, 202, 205.
- Jónsson, Finnur, 7, 40, 102, 108, 264.
- Julianehaab, 23, 295.
- Karlsefni, Thorfin, ancestors of, 52;
- comes to Greenland, 53;
- marries Gudrid, 54;
- sails to Wineland, 55;
- expedition of, 52–67;
- in Flatey Book, 82–6;
- trades with Bremen merchant, 71;
- descendants, 72, 86, 87;
- related to Ari, 20, 93;
- mentioned in Landnámabók, 97;
- ancestor of Hauk, 20, 101, 103;
- an Icelandic hero, 116, 118, 122;
- courses of voyage, 131;
- date of voyage, 18, 137, 261;
- Mr. Hovgaard on, 239, 240;
- voyage reconstructed, 261–81.
- Kayaks, Eskimo, 178, 181, 182, 194.
- Keelness, 46, 56, 59, 60, 77, 150, 227, 238, 242, 258, 267, 270, 273, 276, 278.
- ‘King’s Mirror’, 177, 249.
- Kjafal, 57.
- Kolbein’s island: see Mevenklint.
- Kolskegg, 96.
- Kristinret, 214, 218.
- Kristni Saga, 75, 120.
- Labrador, 228–31, 238–40, 242, 244, 249, 251, 262–4, 290, 291, 293, 294.
- Laing, Samuel, 113, 128.
- Landnámabók, 21, 28, 96, 181, 189, 201, 209.
- Land-Rolf, 284.
- Leif Ericson, born, 21;
- seduces Thorgunna, 37;
- converts Greenland, 39, 74–6;
- goes to Wineland, 40–5;
- alternative account, 76;
- lends houses to Karlsefni, 83;
- and to Freydis, 69;
- still a child in 986, 117;
- Flatey Book account of preferred, 118–25;
- course sailed by, 131;
- date of visit to Norway, 134;
- Rörek sent to, 138;
- voyage discussed, 251–5.
- ‘Leita’, meaning of, 152.
- Long Island Sound, 271–4.
- Lyme-grass, 160, 161, 229.
- Maelduin, voyage of, 165–7, 184.
- Maize, 161.
- Maps of Wineland, early, 241, 289–96.
- Markland, 41, 56, 65, 166, 180, 188, 227, 231–3, 235, 238, 239, 241, 251, 265, 283, 287, 288, 293, 296.
- Mausur (or mösur) wood, 71, 76, 146, 160, 229, 230.
- Melur: see Lyme-grass.
- Mevenklint, 207, 209.
- Midjökul, 22, 112.
- Milk, appreciated by skrælings, 84.
- ‘Moose-butter’, 179.
- Morris convention in translating sagas, 12.
- Moulton’s History of New York, 8.
- Mountains at Straumsfjord and Hóp, 58, 64, 260, 277–81.
- Nansen, Dr. Fridtjof, 9, 133, 147–72, 174–7, 180, 181, 183–8, 191, 265, 274, 285, 295.
- Natives: see Skrælings.
- Neckel, G., 7, 106, 109, 253–4.
- Newfoundland, 230–3, 235, 237, 238, 240, 247, 249, 250, 264, 265.
- New Land, the, 283–5.
- Nicholas, Abbot of Thingeyre, 288.
- Nielsen, Dr. Yngvar, 286–7.
- Njál’s Saga, 90, 128, 148.
- Norway, significance of direct voyages to, 144–5.
- Nova Scotia, 170, 179, 230, 233–6, 247, 248, 251, 256, 257, 259, 265, 267–70.
- Olaf the Holy, Saga of, 110, 138, 199.
- Olaf the White, 20, 28.
- Olaf Tryggvason, 37–8, 40, 57, 67, 74–6, 109, 110, 111, 118–22, 134, 135.
- Olderfleet, 205.
- Oral tradition in Iceland, 88–93.
- Pamet River, 257, 259.
- ‘Papar’ (Irish monks), 175–6.
- Parkhurst, Antony, on Newfoundland, 231.
- Rafn, C., 147, 216, 219, 235.
- Rafn the Limerick-Farer, 190–1.
- Reeves, A. M., 10, 111, 264.
- Remains, Norse, in America, alleged, 235.
- Resen, Hans Poulson, map by, 289–96.
- ‘Reydur’ (see whale).
- Rice, wild, 161.
- Rímbegla, 197, 200–1.
- Rolf: see Land-Rolf.
- Saga, erroneous ideas concerning, 11;
- historical value of, 147–51;
- in Greenland, 55, 141.
- Saint Lawrence, Gulf of, 124, 266.
- Salmon, in Wineland, 42, 166, 275, 277.
- Savages: see Skrælings.
- Scotland, partial conquest of, by Norsemen, 28.
- Seal-tar, specific against teredo, 65.
- Shenachies, 89, 92.
- Ships, Icelandic, speed of, 196–201, 263.
- Sibyl, the, 11, 33–7, 142.
- Skrælings, 46, 61–3, 65, 74, 83–6, 95, 154, 173–95.
- Snorri Godi, 18, 20, 73, 136.
- Snorri Karlsefnison, 18, 20, 64, 72, 84, 86, 87, 94, 137.
- Snorri Thorbrandson, 22, 24, 53, 55, 60, 61, 62, 64, 66, 73, 143.
- Steensby, H. P., 7, 124, 226, 237, 238, 241–3.
- Stefansson, Sigurd, map by, 289–96.
- Storm, Gustav, 106, 113, 117, 124, 132, 134, 144, 191, 202, 217, 224, 230–4, 244, 259, 265, 267, 278, 284, 293.
- Straumsey, 57, 168, 243, 273.
- Straumsfjord, 58, 64, 133, 228, 238, 240, 242, 271–4, 279, 280.
- Sturlunga Saga, 99.
- Svalbarda, 202, 206, 207.
- Svein Estridson, king of Denmark, 18, 97, 156, 286.
- Teredo, 65.
- Thalbitzer, W., 188.
- Thjodhild, wife of Eric the Red, 21, 37, 39.
- Thorar Nefjolfson, 138, 199, 201, 203, 248.
- Thorbjörg: see Sibyl.
- Thorbjörn Vifilson, 14, 15, 20, 22, 28–33, 37, 55, 103, 136.
- Thorbrand Snorrison, 63, 67.
- Thorgest, 21–3, 73, 100, 108.
- Thorgunna, 37–40.
- Thorhall Gamlison, 53, 55.
- Thorhall the Hunter, 55, 59, 60, 77, 107, 133, 155, 168, 226, 254, 268.
- Thori Eastman, 44–5, 49, 134.
- Thorkel Gellison, 20, 74, 93, 95, 177, 190.
- Thorkel Leifson, 138.
- Thorlak, Bishop, descendant of Karlsefni, 18, 20, 72, 86, 87, 94, 137.
- Thormod Kolbrunarskald, 77, 126, 138, 187, 224.
- Thor-names, frequent occurrence of, 152.
- Thorstein Ericson, 25, 37;
- marries Gudrid, 49, 79;
- sails for Wineland, 40, 78;
- illness and death of, 50–2, 80–2;
- driven near Iceland and Ireland, 79, 125;
- supernatural episodes connected with, 50–2, 80–2, 149.
- Thorvald Ericson, mentioned among Eric’s children, 25;
- voyage of, in Flatey Book, 45–8;
- alternative account, 77;
- only mentioned by Hauk as Karlsefni’s companion, 55, 126, 279;
- accounts of death compared, 125–7;
- voyage reconstructed, 255–60.
- Thorvard, husband of Freydis, 25, 55, 69, 126, 129, 142.
- Three, recurrence of number, 153, 167.
- Time-keeping, Icelandic method of, 212.
- Tir-nan-Oge, in Celtic myth, 164.
- Torfaeus, 214.
- ‘Trjóna’, meaning discussed, 181–3, 194.
- Troil’s Letters on Iceland, 160, 168, 199, 213, 220, 230.
- Tylft (Icelandic measure), 169, 197–200.
- Tyrker, 41, 43, 44, 106, 150, 254.
- Umiak (Eskimo boat), 178.
- Uniped, 77, 126, 154, 187, 224, 259, 260.
- Uvægi, 65, 188.
- Vætilldi, 65, 188.
- Valldidida, 65, 188.
- Varðlokkur, 35.
- Verses, incidental, in sagas, 13, 14, 25, 59, 60, 78, 133, 155, 168, 224, 226, 260, 268.
- Verezzano, 180, 277.
- Vifil, 20, 29, 103, 142.
- Vigfusson, G., 90, 93, 96, 99, 110, 113, 216.
- Vika (Icelandic measure), 197–8.
- Vines, discovery of, 43, 48, 57, 60, 76, 97, 98, 154–9, 226, 253–5.
- Voyage literature, Celtic, 163–5, 184.
- Whale, episode of, 58, 83, 104, 107, 132–4, 150, 154, 167–8, 240.
- Wineland, 44, 74, 75, 95, 97, 98, 155, 156, 159, 225, 227, 229, 233, 235, 236, 237–43, 251–3, 255–60, 267–81, 283, 285, 287, 289–96.
- Winter, Icelandic, 216.
- Women, quarrels over, in Wineland, 64, 105;
- characteristics of, 130.
- Yates: see Moulton.
- Yeats, W. B., his comparison of Celtic and Icelandic literature, 164.