The Rent Roll of Northampton County for the Year of our Lord God 1704
The preceding Sheets are true copys of the Rentrolls for the year 1704 given in and accounted for by the several Sherifs in April 1705 and sworne to before his Excellcy according to which they made up their accounts of the Quitrents with
Will Robertson Clerk.
INDEX
INDEX
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |
| N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
- Accomac,
- Allen, Arthur,
- six tithables, 57.
- Allen, William,
- Burgess in 1629, 73.
- Allerton, Isaac,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Ambrose, Robert,
- deals in servants, 49.
- Anbury, Major,
- describes Virginia upper class, 158.
- Andros, Sir Edmund, 29; 35; 52;
- Archer, George,
- Armetrading, Henry, 79.
- Artisans,
- Ashton, Peter,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Austin, James,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Avery, Richard,
- Bacon Nathaniel, Sr., 109; 110.
- Bacon, Nathaniel, Jr.,
- Baker, John,
- buys Button's Ridge, 49.
- Baldwin, William,
- landowner, 79.
- Ballard, Thomas, 109.
- Ball, William,
- has 22 slaves.
- Baltic,
- Banister, John,
- has 88 slaves, 158.
- Barbadoes,
- complain of Navigation Acts, 94.
- Barnett, Thomas,
- servant, Burgess in 1629, 74.
- Bassett, William,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Beer, George Lewis,
- Bell, Richard,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Bennett, Richard,
- estate of described, 108.
- Bennett, Samuel,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Berkeley, John,
- conducts iron works in Virginia, 18.
- Berkeley, Lord John, 90.
- Berkeley, Sir William,
- describes servants, 34;
- describes early mortality among servants, 39;
- estimates servants at 6,000 in 1671, 41;
- instructed to prohibit foreign trade, 69;
- permits foreign trade during Civil War, 69;
- calls Virginia land of opportunity, 75;
- proclaims Charles II, 84, 111; 89;
- describes poverty of Virginia, 90, 91, 92, 93;
- controls Assembly, 94;
- goes to England to combat Navigation Acts, 94-95;
- plans to establish manufactures, 95;
- denounces Navigation Acts, 95-96; 98;
- secures body guard, 111;
- elected Governor prior to Restoration, 112;
- fears King's resentment, 113;
- small planters turn against in Bacon's Rebellion, 113;
- estimates slaves at 2,000 in 1670, 124; 125; 160.
- Beverley, Robert, Sr.,
- Beverley, Robert, Jr., 61;
- Bibbie, Edmund,
- deals in servants, 49.
- Binns, Thomas,
- eight tithables, 57.
- Bishop, John,
- Burgess and landowner, 78.
- Blackstone, John,
- patents land, 74.
- Bland, John,
- Blair, Rev. John,
- Blewit, Capt.,
- sets up iron works in Virginia, dies, 181.
- Board of Trade,
- Bolling, Mrs. Mary,
- has 51 slaves, 158.
- Brent, Giles,
- Bridger, Joseph,
- Briggs, Gray,
- has 43 slaves, 158.
- British Empire,
- Broadnat, John, 128.
- Broadside,
- in 1610 calls for settlers for Virginia, 28.
- Browne, Robert,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Browne, William,
- nine tithables, 57.
- Bruce, Philip Alexander,
- describes small planters, 54.
- Brunswick,
- land patents in small, 145.
- Bullock, William,
- denies that servants are slaves, 60.
- Burgesses, 54,
- Burwell, Francis,
- patents land in James City, 77.
- Burwell, John,
- has 42 slaves, 158.
- Burwell, Lewis,
- Burcher, William,
- patents land, 79.
- Bushood, John,
- sells land, 49.
- Butt, Thomas,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Button, Robert,
- receives estate, 49.
- Button, Thomas,
- owner of Button's Ridge, 49.
- Byrd, William I,
- Byrd, William II,
- gives reasons for emigration to Carolina, 146.
- Carter, John, 109.
- Carter, Robert,
- has 126 slaves, 153.
- Carleill, Capt. Christopher,
- urges trade with America, 11.
- Carolina,
- Cattle,
- plentiful in Virginia, 101.
- Chambers, William,
- servants and slaves of, 59.
- Chandler, John,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Charles I,
- Charles II, 33;
- Charles City,
- Chastellux,
- Chew, Larkin,
- dealer in Spotsylvania land, 154.
- Claiborne, William,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Clayton, Thomas, 80.
- Clergy,
- many plant tobacco, 28.
- Clothing,
- want of felt in Virginia, 103.
- Cloyse, Pettyplace,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Cole, Edward,
- patents land in James City, 77.
- Colonial expansion,
- Colonial system, 68;
- Commerce,
- of England with Baltic, 8;
- principles of long known, 11;
- of England with Europe and East, 12;
- of England with France declines, 13;
- affords key to history, 22;
- in reëxported tobacco, 70;
- in tobacco revives after 1683, 114-115;
- in reëxported tobacco, 116-120;
- importance of in tobacco for England, 119, 122.
- Commonwealth,
- Constable, John,
- trades illegally, 69.
- Cooke, John,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Cornell, Samuel,
- servants and slaves of, 59.
- Council, 65;
- Creighton, Henry,
- sells 100 acres, 50.
- Criminals,
- Crocker, Wm.,
- servants and slaves of, 59.
- Cromwell, Oliver,
- sends Irish servants to Virginia, 33.
- Crump, Thomas,
- Culpeper, Lord,
- Custis, John, 109.
- Daingerfield, William,
- has 61 slaves, 157.
- Dawson, William,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Day, John, 80.
- Delaware,
- Delk, Roger,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Dicks, John,
- purchases land, 49.
- Digges, Dudley, 109.
- Diggs, William,
- has 72 slaves, 158.
- Dinwiddie county,
- Dodman, John,
- landowner, 79.
- Dorch, Walter,
- inventory of, 106.
- Duties,
- Edwards, John,
- slaves of in plot, 128.
- Edwards, William,
- Effingham, Lord,
- tyranny of in Virginia, 114.
- Elizabeth City,
- Emigration,
- England,
- colonial expansion necessary for, 7;
- forests depleted, 7;
- industry declining, 8;
- Baltic trade of, 8;
- future depends on colonies, 13; 14;
- joy of at founding of Virginia, 15;
- disappointed in Virginia, 19;
- tobacco bill of, 26;
- supplies Virginia with labor, 31;
- poverty in, 31;
- cannot consume entire colonial tobacco crop, 86;
- tobacco planting in prohibited, 87;
- glut of tobacco in, 68-89;
- adheres to colonial policy, 95.
- Epes, Francis, 79, 127.
- Essex,
- Falling Creek,
- Fane, Francis,
- says slave labor cheapens tobacco, 132.
- Fish,
- plentiful in Virginia, 15.
- Fithian, Philip,
- Fitzhugh, William, 109;
- refers to slave imports, 130.
- Flax,
- in Virginia, 15.
- Fleet, tobacco,
- Foster, Armstrong, 79, 80.
- Foster, Robert,
- buys 200 acres, 50.
- Fowl, wild,
- abundant in colonial Virginia, 102.
- Fox, William,
- has 25 slaves, 153.
- France,
- Freedmen,
- 80 per cent of servants become, 40;
- prior to 1660 remained in Virginia, 40;
- form large part of population, 41;
- annual recruits of, 41;
- usually young, 42;
- might acquire property, 43;
- perform bulk of work, 43;
- what became of, 43;
- become small planters, 60;
- outfit of, 61;
- not entitled to land, 61;
- prosperity of hinges on tobacco, 62;
- Virginia land of opportunity for, 71;
- profits of from tobacco, 71-72;
- in Burgesses, 73-74;
- prosperous, 74-80;
- little hope of advancement for after 1660, 97-100;
- few in rent roll of 1704, 122-123.
- Freemen,
- Freight rates,
- Fruit, 12,
- abundant in Virginia, 102.
- Fuel,
- abundant in Virginia, 105.
- Gardens,
- Garnet, John,
- buys 600 acres, 50.
- George, The,
- Gilbert, George,
- Gilbert, Sir Humphrey,
- voyage to America, 11.
- Glass,
- Gloucester,
- Good, John,
- describes poverty in Virginia, 91.
- Gooch, Governor,
- Governor,
- Goring, John,
- servants and slaves of, 59.
- Grain,
- abundance of in Virginia, 102.
- Graves, Ralph,
- his servant valued at £10, 127.
- Grey, James,
- buys 200 acres, 49.
- Grey, John,
- Grey, Francis,
- Grey, Thomas, 78.
- Hakluyt, Richard,
- Hammond, John,
- Harmar, Charles,
- imports slaves, 124.
- Harris, John,
- Burgess in 1629, 73.
- Harrison, Benjamin, 109.
- Hart, Henry,
- his slave in plot, 128.
- Hartwell, Henry,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Harvey, Sir John,
- Hatfield, James,
- landowning freedman, 75.
- Headrights,
- Hemp,
- in Virginia, 15.
- Henrico,
- Hill, Edward, 109.
- Hill, John,
- Hodge, John,
- servants and slaves of, 59.
- Holding, John,
- landowner, 79.
- Holland,
- exports fish, 12;
- trade of declines, 13;
- controls slave trade, 31; 125;
- tobacco exports to, 86-89;
- Navigation Acts cut exports to, 87;
- distributor of English colonial tobacco, 88;
- plants own tobacco, 88;
- wars with, 89;
- Virginians threaten to revolt to, 91, 96; 116;
- tobacco exports to, 120;
- fights to preserve her monopoly of slave trade, 126;
- seeks to control tobacco trade on continent, 149-150.
- Honey,
- produced in Virginia, 102.
- Hotten's Emigrants to America,
- Houses,
- Howlett, William,
- buy 200 acres, 50.
- Immigration,
- Indentures,
- Indians,
- Industry, 22;
- Inventories,
- Iron,
- Isle of Wight county,
- Jackson, William,
- has 49 slaves, 158.
- James I,
- James II,
- tyranny of, 114.
- James City county,
- James River,
- Jamestown, 14;
- Jefferson, Thomas,
- says slavery made whites lazy, 155.
- Jeffreys, Jeffrey,
- imports slaves, 131.
- Jennings, Edmund, 109;
- Johnson, John,
- sells land, 49.
- Johnson, Joseph,
- Jones, Anthony,
- servant, becomes landowner, 74.
- Jones, Hugh,
- Jordan, Lt. Col.,
- pays taxes on seven tithables, 56.
- Kemp, Richard,
- says immigrants mostly servants, 82.
- King William county,
- farms and tithables of, 58.
- King and Queen county,
- farms and tithables of, 58.
- Kinsman, Richard,
- makes perry, 108.
- Knight, Sir John,
- says Virginia ready to revolt to Holland, 96.
- Labor,
- Lancaster, 79;
- Land,
- Land grants,
- Landowners,
- few large in 17th century, 43;
- glad to sell in small parcels, 45;
- chiefly small proprietors, 46;
- in census of 1626, 46;
- in York county, 46;
- in Essex, 46;
- often avoid quit rents, 51;
- listed in rent roll of 1704-5, 53;
- small proprietors neglected in history, 54;
- often poor men, 55;
- many work farms with own hands, 57;
- Government expects servants to become, 62;
- profits of from tobacco, 71-72.
- Larkin, George,
- describes large land holdings, 144.
- Lawrence, Richard,
- landowner, 79.
- Leah and Rachel, 61.
- Lee, Richard,
- imports 80 slaves, 125.
- Leightenhouse, Thomas, 127.
- Linton, John,
- London Company,
- national character of, 13;
- plans manufactures for Virginia, 15;
- cannot secure laborers for Virginia, 16;
- sets up iron works at Falling Creek, 17-18;
- displeased at tobacco culture in Virginia, 25;
- tobacco only hope of, 26;
- expects Virginia to duplicate England, 28;
- high price of tobacco pleases, 64; 73; 75.
- Ludwell, Philip, 109; 113.
- Ludwell, Thomas,
- Manufactures,
- attempts to establish in Virginia, 15-19;
- cause of failure, 19;
- purchased from Dutch, 68-69;
- colonial system based on expectation of, 86;
- Berkeley tries to establish, 95;
- local in Virginia, 103;
- of tobacco in England, 119, 122;
- exports of to tobacco colonies, 120;
- in northern colonies lure Virginia whites, 140; 141;
- on plantations, 108; 156-157.
- Market,
- Maryland,
- Mason, Francis,
- seven tithables, 57.
- Mason, Winfield,
- has 40 slaves, 158.
- Massacre,
- iron works destroyed during, 18.
- Matthews, Samuel,
- his estate described, 108.
- Merchant marine,
- Menefie, George,
- his estate described, 108.
- Middlesex,
- Milner, Thomas,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Moseley, Capt. William,
- Muir, Francis,
- has 47 slaves, 158.
- Muscovy Company,
- Nansemond,
- Navigation Acts, 69;
- described, 84-86;
- resented in Holland, 88-89;
- Bland's remonstrance against, 88;
- cause of war with Holland, 89;
- cause extreme poverty in Virginia, 90-92;
- connected with Bacon's Rebellion, 92-93;
- why Virginia Assembly did not protest against, 94-95;
- Berkeley protests against, 94-95; 98;
- retard growth of population, 98-99;
- design of, 116.
- New Albion,
- New Description of Virginia,
- New Kent,
- farms and tithables of, 58.
- Newport, Capt. Christopher,
- New Jersey,
- manufactures of lure Virginia whites, 141.
- Nicholson, Sir Francis, 29; 50;
- orders accurate rent roll in 1690, 51;
- again attempts rent roll in 1699, 52;
- completes rent roll, 52; 54;
- makes rent roll accurate, 55, 97; 114;
- gives reason for migration from Virginia and Maryland, 140, 141;
- sues Col. Lawrence Smith for arrears of quit rents, 143;
- testifies to large land grants, 144.
- Norfolk,
- Northampton,
- North Carolina,
- servants flee to, 83.
- Northern Neck,
- Norton, Capt. Wm.,
- Page, Matthew, 109.
- Page, Mann,
- has 157 slaves, 157.
- Pagett, Anthony,
- Burgess in 1629, 73.
- Parke, Daniel, 109.
- Patent Rolls,
- Pattison, Thomas,
- landowner, 79.
- Pearson, Christopher,
- inventory of, 107.
- Pelton, George, 102.
- Pennsylvania,
- Perfect Description,
- numbers cattle in Virginia, 101.
- Perry Micajah,
- reports on tobacco trade, 119.
- Plantations,
- Virginia made up of, 29;
- cheap in Virginia, 29;
- labor for, 29-37;
- unhealthful sites for, 39;
- few large, 43;
- small hold own with large, 44;
- small outnumber large, 45; 46;
- transfers of in Surry county, 46;
- patents not index to size of, 49;
- tendency to break up large into small, 49;
- listed in rent roll of 1704-5, 53;
- largest in various counties, 53;
- average size of, 53;
- accurately listed in rent roll, 55;
- comparison of number of with workers, 55;
- number in each county, 58;
- settlers buy on frontier, 76;
- part only of each cultivated, 105.
- Popleton, William,
- Burgess in 1629, 73.
- Population, 28; 29;
- Potash,
- Pott, Dr. John,
- incites people against Sir John Harvey, 110.
- Poultry,
- plentiful in Virginia, 102.
- Poverty,
- Present State of Tobacco Plantations,
- Prince George county,
- plantations and tithables of, 58.
- Princess Anne county,
- Public Record Office,
- has copy of rent roll of 1704, 52.
- Ramshaw, William,
- landowning freedman, 75.
- Randall, Robert,
- seven tithables, 57.
- Randolph, Edward,
- Randolph, William,
- imports slaves, 130.
- Rappahannock county,
- Rent Roll,
- Restoration Period,
- Rich, Nathaniel,
- buys tobacco at 2s a pound, 64.
- Roberts, Robert,
- buys land, 49.
- Robertson, William,
- makes copy of rent roll of 1704, 52.
- Robins, Sampson, 79;
- patents land, 80.
- Robinson, John,
- landowning freedman, 75.
- Rolfe, Capt. John,
- Rooking, William,
- servants and slaves of, 59.
- Rowlston, Lionell,
- Russell, John,
- landowning freedman, 75.
- Russia,
- Samuel, Anthony,
- buys 300 acres, 50.
- Sandys, George,
- Sandys, Sir Edwin,
- expects Virginia to duplicate England, 28.
- Savadge, Thomas,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Scotchmon, Robert,
- servant, Burgess in 1632, 74.
- Scott, Thomas,
- has 57 slaves, 158.
- Scruely, Richard,
- patents land, 79.
- Servants,
- London Company sends to Virginia, 16;
- Indian children as, 30;
- system of indentures for, 32;
- not criminals, 32;
- political prisoners among, 33;
- Irish among, 33;
- Oliverian soldiers among, 33;
- they plot against Government, 33;
- Scotchmen among, 33;
- Sedgemour prisoners among, 33;
- chiefly Englishmen, 34, 36;
- list of preserved, 34;
- headrights from, 35;
- influx of, 35;
- four or five years of service for, 38;
- become part of Virginia social fabric, 39;
- hardship and perils encountered by, 39;
- 80 per cent. become freedmen, 40;
- prior to 1660 remained in Virginia, 40;
- length of service for, 40;
- usually young when freed, 41, 42;
- estimated at 6,000 in 1671, 41;
- "seasoned," 42;
- become small part of population, 43;
- merchants bring to complete cargoes, 47;
- individual orders for, 48;
- in immigrant ships, 48;
- dealers in, 48;
- numbers in 1704, 56;
- listed as tithables, 56;
- distribution of, 58-59;
- not slaves, 60;
- like English apprentices, 60;
- outfit of on expiration of term, 61;
- not entitled to land, 61;
- hope to become landowners, 61-62;
- Virginia land of opportunity for, 71;
- freedmen often purchase, 72;
- of early period become prosperous, 73-80;
- list of, 78;
- proportion of among immigrants, 81-82;
- little hope for advancement of after 1660, 96-100;
- importation of in Restoration period, 98-99;
- inventories which show none, 106-107;
- many freed to fight in Bacon's Rebellion, 113;
- few become landowners at end of 17th century, 112-113;
- usefulness of as compared with slaves, 126;
- price of, 127;
- not always docile, 128;
- slave labor curtails importation of, 134;
- England opposes migration of, 135;
- vast numbers imported, 142.
- Seymour, Attorney-General,
- tells Virginians to make tobacco, 136.
- Sheep,
- scarce in Virginia, 102.
- Sheriff,
- Sherwood, William,
- calls Bacon's men rabble, 93.
- Shipbuilding,
- Shurley, Daniel,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Sickness, The Virginia,
- Silk,
- Slaughter, John, 80.
- Slave trade,
- Slaves,
- adequate for tobacco raising, 29;
- first cargo of in Virginia, 30;
- few in Virginia prior to 1680, 31;
- influx of, 40;
- numbers in 1704, 56;
- listed as tithables, 56;
- distribution of, 58-59;
- inventories show that many planters had none, 106-107;
- used by wealthy men in 17th century, 108;
- first cargo of, 124;
- few prior to 1680, 124;
- importations of, 124-125;
- Dutch control trade in, 125-126;
- fitness of for tobacco culture, 126;
- price of, 127;
- labor of crude, 127-128;
- health of good, 128;
- docile, 128;
- plots among, 128-129;
- no wrong seen in, 129;
- duty on importation of, 129;
- large importations of, 1680-1708, 130-131;
- 6,000 by 1700, 130;
- 12,000 in 1708, 130;
- 30,000 in 1730, 131;
- use of cheapens tobacco, 132;
- use of curtails importation of servants, 134;
- England favors use of in Virginia, 135-136;
- pernicious effect of in ancient Rome, 137-139;
- effect of on Virginia yeomanry, 139-155;
- causes migration of whites, 139-146;
- at first produce only lower grades of tobacco, 147;
- become more efficient, 147;
- contempt of for poor whites, 152;
- small holders of, 152-159;
- cast stigma on labor, 155;
- large holders of increase in numbers, 155-159.
- Smelting,
- Smith, Capt. John,
- Smither, William,
- buys 200 acres, 50.
- Smyth,
- Spain,
- Spanish Succession, War of, 103; 115; 119;
- Sparshott, Edward,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Smith, Lawrence,
- sued for arrears of quit rents, 143.
- Sparkes, John,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Spencer, Capt. Robt.,
- servants and slaves of, 59.
- Spencer, Secretary,
- Splitimber, John,
- Spotsylvania,
- Spotswood, Alexander,
- Storey, John,
- imports negroes, 130.
- Stuarts, second despotism of,
- affects Virginia, 114.
- Stublefield, George,
- has 42 slaves, 158.
- Surry,
- Sweden,
- Symonds, Roger,
- granted 100 acres, 81.
- Taliaferro, Richard,
- has 43 slaves, 158.
- Tenants,
- Thoroughgood, Adam,
- Tithables,
- Tobacco,
- history of Virginia built on, 20, 23;
- Indians revere, 24;
- first cured in Virginia by Rolfe, 24;
- Virginia suited for, 24;
- ready market for, 24;
- extensively used in England, 24;
- used by James I, 25;
- Virginians turn eagerly to culture of, 25;
- send first cargo of to England, 25;
- London Company displeased at culture of, 25;
- England reconciled to, 26;
- Virginia's only hope, 26;
- Crown tries to divert Virginia from, 27;
- cultivation in Virginia universal, 27;
- shapes immigration, 29;
- requires unskilled labor, 29;
- prosperity of freedmen hinges on, 62;
- amount of one man could produce, 63-64;
- over production of in 1640, 63;
- price of prior to 1660, 64-67;
- account for migration of 1618-1623, 64;
- rich returns from, 64;
- restrictions on trade of, 67-69;
- growing of in England prohibited, 67;
- tax on, 67;
- illegal foreign trade in, 68-69;
- reëxported from England, 70;
- Virginia underbids world in, 70;
- returns from, 71-72;
- freight on high, 72;
- effect of Navigation Acts on, 85-96;
- foreign trade in prohibited, 85;
- requires world market, 86;
- planting in England prohibited, 87;
- exports of to Spain, 87;
- reëxported, 87;
- planted in Holland, 88;
- glut in England causes price of to drop, 89-91;
- exhausts soil, 105;
- Charles I makes offer for, 110;
- trade of revives, 115-116;
- production of increases, 115-116;
- returns from, 116;
- reëxports of, 116-120;
- production of abroad, 117;
- duty on yields crown large revenue, 121;
- price of still low at end of 17th century, 123;
- slaves adequate to its cultivation, 127-128;
- wars interfere with trade in, 131;
- slaves cheapen production of, 132;
- poor whites produce the best, 146-147;
- foreign trade in ruined by war, 148-150;
- advantages of large plantations for, 156-157.
- Towns,
- few in Virginia, 29.
- Townsend, Richard,
- Burgess in 1629, 73.
- Trussell, John,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Turnbull, Robert,
- has 81 slaves, 158.
- Vegetables,
- abundant in Virginia, 102.
- Virginia's Cure,
- says Burgesses mostly freedmen, 74.
- Virginia Unmasked,
- describes Virginia houses, 104.
- Virginia Magazine of History and Biography,
- shows that many freedmen migrated to Virginia, 81.
- Virginia Richly Valued,
- advises emigrants as to outfit, 104.
- Wages,
- Wage earners,
- Walker, Robert,
- has 52 slaves, 158.
- Warburton, Thomas,
- patents land in James City, 77.
- Warden, Thomas,
- landowner, 79.
- Warwick,
- Washington, Richard,
- deals in servants, 48.
- Watson, John,
- landowning freedman, 75.
- Weaver, Samuel,
- landowning freedman, 75.
- Webster, Roger,
- servant, Burgess in 1632, 74.
- Whitlock, Thomas,
- Williamsburg, 35; 54.
- Williams, William,
- buys 200 acres, 50.
- Wills,
- Wine,
- prospect for in Virginia, 15.
- Woolens,
- Woolritch, William,
- landowning freedman, 74.
- Wormsley, Ralph, 109;
- letter to from Fitzhugh, 130.
- Wray, Thomas,
- granted 50 acres, 81.
- Yates, William,
- has 55 slaves, 158.
- Yeomanry,
- largest class in Virginia, 59, 62;
- freedmen in, 72-82; 85;
- desperately poor, 90-91;
- driven to revolt by poverty, 92-93;
- no advancement for after 1660, 97-100;
- enjoy plentiful food, 101-103;
- often suffer for proper clothing, 103-105;
- Burgesses represented interests of, 109;
- aid in ejecting Harvey, 110;
- many favor Parliament in Civil War, 110-111;
- in control from 1652 to 1660, 112;
- chief sufferers from Navigation Acts, 113;
- support Bacon in rebellion, 113;
- struggle for political rights, 114;
- few recruits to at end of 17th century, 122;
- condition of at end of 17th century, 123;
- effect of slavery on in ancient Rome, 137-139;
- migration of from Virginia 139-146;
- produce higher grades of tobacco, 146-147;
- misery of in 1713, 150;
- many sink into poverty, 151-154;
- many become slave holders, 152-159;
- slaves make less industrious, 155; 160.
- Yeardley, Sir George, 29;
- instructed to enforce free exchange of goods, 65.
- York,
- Young, Richard,
- granted 100 acres, 81.