endwise, 12, 92, 94, 102, 132

failure, 34, 104

parallel to grain (see C. endwise)

perpendicular to grain (see C. right angles to grain)

right angles to grain, 94, 133

Compressive strength, 1, 9, 23

Compressometer, 103

Coniferous wood, 44

Cottonwood, 44, 45

Creosote, effect of, 87

Cross-arms, testing, 124

Cross grain, 8, 59-61

Cross-grained tension failure, 34

Crushing strength, 2, 9, 54, 75

formula for, 104

Cucumber tree, 13

Cup shake, 64

Cypress, bald, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 57, 68, 144

Dead Load (see Load)

Definitions, 2-7

Deflection, 25, 30

measuring, 96-97, 100

Deflectometer, 99, 106-107

Deformation, measuring, 103, 107

Density, 54-58

Diffuse-porous, 44, 50

Dogwood, 22

Drying, 75-84

effect of, 75-78, 138-139

Dry rot, 69

Durability, 53, 54, 75

Early Wood, 44, 82

Ease of working, factors affecting, 48, 50

Ebony, 22

Elasticity, modulus of, 6, 25, 89

formulæ for, 98, 102, 104, 114, 123

Elastic limit, 2, 5, 22, 62

resilience, 6

formulæ for, 98, 102, 104

Elm, 8, 38, 44

rock, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 56

slippery, 13, 27, 32, 40, 56

white, 13, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 56

Elongation, 3, 7, 33

Eucalyptus globulus, 54, 78, 82

viminalis, 54

Factor of Safety, 29, 139

Failures, bending, 33-37, 77, 78

compression, endwise, 12, 15-19, 104

cross-grained, 10, 76, 77, 107

shearing, 19

tension, 8

torsion, 38, 39

Fibre-saturation point, 78

Fibre strain, rate of, 92-93

stress, 15

at elastic limit, 54, 62, 75, 123

formulæ, 98, 102, 104, 107, 114

Fir, Alpine, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 57

amabilis, 16, 20, 27, 57

Douglas, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 36, 40, 42, 48, 55, 57, 124, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

white, 9, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 57

Flexibility, 5, 37

Flexure, 4, 12, 60

Formulæ, 98, 102, 104, 107, 110, 114, 123

Frost splits, 62-64

Fungi 59, 68-70, 75

Grain, cross, 8, 59-61

diagonal, 60

spiral, 60

Growth, in diameter, 43, 44

locality of, effect, 70-73

rate of, effect, 43, 50, 72

rings, 44, 52

measuring, 95-96

Gum 22, 44, 51

red, 27, 45, 56

Hackberry, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 42, 51, 56

Hardness, 2, 39-41, 54, 114-118, 133

Heart break, 65

shake, 64

Heartwood, 50-54, 58, 73, 75

Heat, effect of, 84-86

Hemlock, 9, 13, 15, 16, 20, 22, 27, 32, 40, 42, 44, 45, 56, 78

western, 48, 59, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

Hickory, 8, 22, 38, 40, 43, 44, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59, 65, 66, 72, 124

big shellbark, 13, 16, 20, 27, 56

bitternut, 13, 16, 20, 27, 56

mockernut, 13, 16, 20, 27, 56

nutmeg, 13, 16, 20, 27, 56

pignut, 6, 7, 13, 16, 20, 27, 48, 56

shagbark, 13, 16, 20, 27, 56

water, 13, 16, 20, 27, 56

Hollow-horning, 80

Honey-combing, 54, 80

Impact, 30-33, 110-114, 132

Implement woods, testing, 124

Indentation, 39, 117-118

Injuries, fungous, 52, 59, 68-70

insect, 52, 66-67, 72

marine wood-borer, 67-68

parasitic plant, 70

Kerosene, effect of, 87

Knots, 51, 52, 61-62, 89

Larch, 8

western, 36, 48, 64, 140, 141, 142, 143

Late wood, 44, 59, 82

measuring, 96

relation to strength, 47-49

Limit of elasticity, 5

Limnoria, 67

Live load, 28

Load, application of, 29

concentrated, 28

dead, 28, 144

immediate, 28

kinds of, 26

live, 28

maximum, 29

permanent, 28

safe, 29

uniform, 26

Loading, centre, 97, 100

static, 29

sudden, 29

third-point, 97

vibratory, 29

Locust, 22

black, 13, 40, 44, 51

honey, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 56

Log of tests, 97-98, 100-102, 103-104, 107, 110, 114

Machine for static tests, 90-92 Maple, 22, 44, 51

red, 13, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 56

silver, 13

sugar, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 56

Marking test specimens, 94-95, 100, 129-131

Material for tests, 88-90, 94, 99-100, 102, 106, 107-110, 113, 115-116, 117, 118, 119-120, 121, 122, 123-125, 128-134, 135, 136

Mechanical properties, definition of, 1

factors affecting, 43-87

Medullary rays (see Rays)

Mistletoe, 70