Modulus of elasticity, 6, 25, 89

formulæ, 98, 102, 104, 114, 123

of rupture, 26, 54, 62, 75

formulæ, 98, 102

speed-strength, 94

Moisture, determination, 90, 133-134

effect of, 6, 8, 17, 33, 75-84, 138-139

Mulberry, 44, 51

Natural shape and size, 2

Neutral axis, 23

plane, 23, 33

Oak, 15, 22, 43, 48, 49, 55, 60, 66, 71, 84

black, 40

bur, 13

live, 22

post, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 56

red, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 56, 124

southern, 52, 71

swamp white, 9, 16, 20, 27, 32, 42, 56

tanbark, 56

white, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 54, 56, 72, 144

yellow, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 42, 56

Osage orange, 13, 16, 27, 32, 40, 51, 56

Oven-dry, 57

Packing Boxes, testing, 124

Permanent set, 5

Permeability, 54

Pitch pockets, 65

Pith rays (see Rays)

Pine, 44, 45, 55

Cuban, 71

loblolly, 36, 48, 51, 54, 71, 85, 140, 141, 142, 143

lodgepole, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 57

longleaf, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 20, 27, 32, 36, 40, 42, 46, 57, 59, 65, 71, 78, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

northern yellow, 22

Norway (see Red pine)

red, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 36, 40, 42, 48, 57, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

shortleaf, 13, 27, 36, 48, 57, 71, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

southern yellow, 22, 124

sugar, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 42, 57

western yellow, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 57

white, 13, 15, 16, 20, 22, 27, 32, 40, 42, 51, 57, 144

Plane, neutral, 23, 33

Plasticity, 6

Pliability, 5, 38, 85

Poplar, 22, 44

yellow, 44

Pores, 44

Preservatives, effect of, 86

Rays, 60

effect on compression failure, 17, 18

shrinkage, 81-82

Redwood, 13, 16, 27, 36, 48, 57, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

Resilience, 2, 5, 49

elastic, 6

formulæ for, 98, 102, 104, 114

Resin, effect of, 59

pockets, 65

Rind-gall, 65

Ring, annual, 44

growth, 44, 52

-shake, 64-65

-porous, 44, 59

Rot, 68, 69

Rupture, modulus of, 26, 54, 62, 75

formulæ, 98, 102

Safe Load, 29

Sap, 73, 74

-stain, 59

-wood, 50-54, 73, 74

Sassafras, 51

Season checks, 61, 78-84

of cutting, effect of, 73-75

Seasoning, 55, 74, 75-84

Second-growth, 49, 50

Set, 5

Shake, 64-66, 72

cup, 64

heart, 64

ring, 64

star, 64

Shear 3, 19-22, 133

across the grain, 19, 21, 22

along the grain, 19, 21, 76, 94, 107-110

formulæ, 98, 102

horizontal, 24

failure, 35-37

longitudinal, 21, 24

oblique, 21, 22

transverse, 23

vertical, 23

Shearing strength, 2, 19

Shipping dry, 57

Shipworms, 67

Shock, 30, 49

Shortening, 3, 33

Shrinkage, 54, 58, 74, 76, 78-82, 135-137

S-irons, 83

Site, effect on wood, 48, 49, 70-73

Size of test specimens, effect of, 89-90, 138-139

Sketching test specimens, 94-95, 100, 102, 106

Softwood, 44, 60

Span, 25

Specific gravity, 55, 135-137

Speed of testing machine, 93-94

-strength modulus, 94

Sphæeroma, 67

Spike-pulling test, 123

Spiral grain, 60

Splintering tension failure, 34

Splitting, 41, 60

Spring wood (see Early wood)

Spruce, 14, 15, 22, 44, 59, 75, 84, 144

Engelmann, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 40, 42, 57

red, 7, 13, 27, 57, 140, 141

white, 13, 27, 57, 140, 140

Static tests, machine for, 90-92

Steaming, effect of, 85, 87

Stiffness, 1, 4, 5, 6, 25, 26, 62, 76

Strain, definition of, 2

unit, 3

Stress, compressive, 3

definition of, 2

due to impact, 31, 32

external, 2, 33

internal, 2

shearing, 3, 21

tensile, 3, 62

torsional, 38

Stress, unit, 3

-strain diagram, 3, 97-98, 100

Structural timbers, strength of, 138-144

Summer wood, (see Late wood)

Sycamore, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 42, 57, 64

Tamarack, 9, 13, 16, 20, 27, 32, 36, 40, 42, 48, 57, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144

Temperature, effect of, 84-86

Tensile strength, 1, 7, 23, 78

parallel to grain, 7, 8

right angles to grain, 8

Tension, 7

failures, 34

tests, 118-122

Teredo, 67

Tests, impact, 31-33

timber, 88-136

Test specimens, size of, 89-90

Timber testing, 88-136

Vehicle woods, testing, 124

Variability of wood, 1, 2, 43

Walnut, black, 22

common, 22

Water content, 55, 73, 74

effect of, 06, 08, 17, 33, 75-84

Wear, resistance to (see Abrasion)

Weight, relation to mechanical properties, 54-55

Willow, 44

black, 13

Work (see Resilience), 30, 54

Working plan, 88, 127-137

Xylotrya, 67

Yellow Poplar, 44

Zinc Chloride, effect of, 87