D

• Debt, national,
  • Hamilton's belief in good effects of, 40-41.
• Democracy,
  • as represented by Republicans at close of Revolution, 28-29, 30-31;
  • Federalists' antagonism to, 32-33;
  • misfortune of founding national government on distrust of, 33-34;
  • misunderstanding of, as an ideal, in 1786, 34;
  • Hamilton's distrust of, 41;
  • Jefferson the leader of, against Hamilton and his policies, 42-43;
  • Jefferson's view of, as extreme individualism, 43;
  • real policy of Jeffersonian, as revealed upon triumph of his party, 46-49;
  • Jeffersonian, becomes reconciled with Federalism, 46-47;
  • fifty-year sway of Jeffersonian tradition, 48;
  • questionable results of triumph of Jeffersonian, 50-51;
  • existence of a genuine American, proved by War of 1812, 54-55
    • (see Democracy, Jacksonian);
  • slavery as an institution of, 80 ff.;
  • work of Abolitionists in the name of, 80-81;
  • Abolitionists' perverted conception of, 80-81, 86;
  • Lincoln an example of the kind of human excellence to be fashioned by, 89;
  • Lincoln's realization of his ideal of a, 94;
  • the labor union and the tradition of, 126 ff.;
  • the American, and the social problem, 138-140;
  • the ordinary conception of, as a matter of popular government, 176-180;
  • the true meaning of, 176 ff.;
  • and discrimination, 185-193;
  • the real definition of, 207 ff.;
  • a superior form of political organization in so far as liberty and equality make for human brotherhood, 207-208;
  • principles of nationality and, in England, 230 ff.;
  • and nationality in France, 239 ff.;
  • principles of, and of nationality in America, 267 ff.;
  • and peace, 308 ff.
• Democracy, Jacksonian (or Western), 52 ff.;
  • suspected by Hamilton, appreciated by Jefferson, 52-53;
  • disapproves Jefferson's policy of peaceful warfare, 53;
  • forces Madison into second war with England, 53-54;
  • the first genuinely national body of Americans, 54-55;
  • characteristics of, 55-56;
  • reasons for hostility of, to office-holding clique and the National Bank, 57;
  • causes leading to introduction of spoils system by, 57, 59-60;
  • error of views of, 60-61;
  • the first body of Americans genuinely democratic in feeling, 61-62;
  • the true point of view in studying the, 63-65;
  • reason for triumph of, over Whigs, 69-70;
  • attitude of, toward slavery, 73-74, 84;
  • in 1850 Stephen A. Douglas becomes leader of, 84;
  • rally to Lincoln's standard, 86;
  • made to understand for the first time by Lincoln that American nationality is a living principle, 88.
• Direct primaries,
  • fallacy of system of, 342-343.
• Disarmament,
  • undesirability of, under present conditions in Europe, 257;
  • a partial, would be fatal, 264.
• Discrimination,
  • democracy and, 185-193;
  • class, in certain legislative acts, 191-192;
  • constructive, 193 ff.
• Distribution of wealth,
  • improvement in, 209-210;
  • in France, 244-245;
  • equalization of, by graduated inheritance tax, 381-385.
• Divorces,
  • the matter of, 346.
• Douglas, Stephen. A., 84-86, 281.

E

• Economic liberty of the individual, 201-206.
• Economy, national vs. international, 235.
• Education,
  • chaotic condition of American system of, 318;
  • opportunity for state activities concerning, 346;
  • individual vs. collective, 399 ff.;
  • is the real vehicle of improvement, by which the American is trained for his democracy, 400;
  • American faith in, characterized by superstition, 400-402;
  • popular interest in, does not give importance to the word of the educated man, 403;
  • what constitutes the real education of the individual, 403-405;
  • efficiency of national, similarly, depends on a nation's ability to profit by experience, 405;
  • education of the individual cannot accomplish the work of collective national, 407;
  • value of a reform movement for, 408;
  • the work of collective, not complete in itself, but followed by certain implications, 428.
• Elzbacher, O., quoted, 235.
• Emancipation,
  • conditions of individual, 409 ff.;
  • attempts at individual, 421 ff.;
  • means of individual, 427 ff.
• Embargo,
  • Jefferson's policy of commercial, 42;
  • disapproved by Jackson and Western Democrats, 53.
• England,
  • faith of Englishmen in, 2;
  • an early example of political efficiency found in, 217;
  • increase of national efficiency of, by attention strictly to her own affairs, 219;
  • national development of, as contrasted with France, 220-221;
  • principles of nationality and of democracy in, 230 ff.;
  • national efficiency of, until recently, 231;
  • aristocracy in political system of, 231-232;
  • causes and remedies of loss of ground by, 232 ff.;
  • the principle of compromise carried too far by aristocracy of, 234, 238;
  • political and social subserviency in, resulting in political privilege and social favoritism, 236-237;
  • national idea of, is a matter of freedom, 267.
• Equality,
  • stress laid by Jeffersonian Democrats on, 44;
  • sacrifice of liberty for, by Jeffersonian Democrats, 44-45;
  • desire for, of Jacksonian Democracy, leads to war on office-holding clique and the National Bank, 57;
  • economic and social, in France, and questionable results, 245.
• Equal rights,
  • the Jeffersonian principle of, 44 ff.;
  • tradition of, results in bosses and trusts, 148-150;
  • the slogan of all parties, 151;
  • Roosevelt's inconsistency on the point of, 172;
  • the principle of, is the expression of an essential aspect of democracy, 180;
  • insufficiency of the principle, 181;
  • inequalities which have resulted from doctrine of, 182-183;
  • grievances resulting from doctrine, 185;
  • interference with, in Pure Food Laws, factory legislation, Inter-state Commerce Acts, etc., 191-192;
  • subordinated and made helpful to the principle of human brotherhood, 207-208;
  • a logical application of, would wrongly support competition against coöperation, 359.
• "Era of good feeling," 51.
• Evangelization, law of, 282.
• Executives of states,
  • proposed administrative system for, 338-341.

F

• Factory legislation,
  • justifiable class discrimination in, 191.
• Faguet, Emile, quoted, 193, 208.
• Farmers,
  • necessity of organization not felt by, 126;
  • present position of British, 235.
• Farming,
  • improvement of, in Prussia, 250;
  • value of specialization in, 430.
• Farm laborers, 396.
• Fashoda incident, 260.
• Federalism,
  • at close of Revolutionary War, represented by Hamilton, 28-29;
  • class which supported, 30;
  • views held by supporters of, of anti-Federalists, 32-33;
  • supporters of, founded national government on distrust of democracy, 33;
  • error and misfortune of so doing, 33-34;
  • the Hamiltonian brand of, shown in constructive legislation following framing of Constitution, 39;
  • reconciliation of Republicanism and, 46-47;
  • doubtful results of combination of Republicanism and, 50-51;
  • Whig doctrine of Clay contrasted with Hamilton's Federalism, 52.
• Federalist, Hamilton's, quotation from, 37.
• Federalists,
  • the Whigs an improvement on, 67.
  • See Federalism.
• Financial policy of Hamilton, 39.
• Foreign policy,
  • of Great Britain, 8;
  • of European states, 254-264;
  • natural method of arriving at a definite, as shown by England and France, 257-258;
  • bearing of colonial expansion on, 260-262;
  • relation between national domestic policy and, 310.
• Foreign policy, American, 289 ff.;
  • the Monroe Doctrine in, 291-297;
  • of Jeffersonian Republicans, 292;
  • wisdom of continued policy of isolation, 298, 310;
  • correct policy would be to make American system stand for peace, 299;
  • international system advocated for South and Central America, and Mexico, 300-303;
  • the question of relations with Canada, 303-306;
  • suggested treaty bearing on relations between United States, Canada, and Great Britain, 306;
  • systematic development of, an absolute necessity, 306-307;
  • colonial expansion, 308-309;
  • questions of, raised by future of China, 309-310;
  • isolation of United States is only comparative, under modern conditions, 310.
• Fortunes,
  • the inheritors of great, 204, 382-384.
• France,
  • faith of Frenchmen in, 2;
  • origins of national state in, 218, 219;
  • effect of Revolution on national principle in, 223-224;
  • lack of representative institutions a defect in its government to-day, 228;
  • democracy and nationality in, 239 ff.;
  • a Republic proved to be best form of government for, 241-242;
  • democracy not thoroughly nationalized in, 242-243;
  • economic problem in, 244-245;
  • lack of national spirit in official domestic policy, 243-244;
  • failure of, as a colonial power as long as striving for European aggrandizement, 261;
  • national idea of, is democratic but is rendered difficult and its value limited, 268.
• Franchises,
  • American municipal policy toward public service corporations', 372-375.
• Freedom,
  • American tradition of, 421-422;
  • the failure to attain, 422 ff.
• Free trade in Great Britain, 234.
• French Revolution, the, 222 ff.

G

• Garrison, William Lloyd,
  • mental attitude and policy of, contrasted with Lincoln's, 95, 427.
• George, Henry, Jr., cited, 151.
• Germany,
  • effect of religious wars and lack of national policy in, during early development, 219;
  • nationality in, increased after Napoleon, 225;
  • outstripping of England by, industrially, 232, 233;
  • relation between democracy and nationality in, 246 ff.;
  • system of protection, state ownership of railways, improvement in farming, etc., 250;
  • result of "paternalism" has been industrial expansion surpassing other European states, 250-251;
  • position of, not so high as ten years ago, 251;
  • the Social Democrats, 251-252;
  • dubious international standing of, 252-253;
  • is the power which has most to gain from a successful war, 252-253;
  • is the cause of a better understanding between England, France, and Russia, 253-254;
  • effect of success or failure of foreign policy on domestic policy, 254;
  • further consideration of international position of, and bearing on disarmament question, 256-259;
  • colonial expansion of, despite her expectation of European aggrandizement, 261;
  • danger of this policy, 261-262;
  • national idea of, turns upon the principle of official leadership toward a goal of national greatness, 267-268.
• Governors of states, 119;
  • suggested reforms relative to administration of, 338 ff.;
  • "House of," proposed, 347.
• Great Britain,
  • effect of position of, on domestic and foreign policy, 8, 261;
  • question whether colonial expansion of, has been carried too far, 262;
  • relations between Canada and, 305-306;
  • suggested arrangement between United States and, relative to Canada, 306.
  • See England.

H

• Hamilton, Alexander,
  • doctrines of, versus those of Jefferson, 28-29, 45-46, 153;
  • insight and energy of, saved states from disunion, 37;
  • quoted on the Constitution, 37;
  • importance of work of, in constructive legislation, 38-39;
  • broad view taken by, of governmental functions, 39-40;
  • doubtful theory of, regarding national debt, 40-41;
  • reasons for loss of popularity and influence of, 41-42;
  • philosophy of, concerning liberty and the method of protecting it, 44;
  • Roosevelt's improvement on principle of, 169;
  • adaptability of doctrines of, to democracy without injury to themselves, 214;
  • foreign policy of, 289-290, 292-293.
• Harriman, Edward, 202.
• Hearst, William R., 136, 151, 155;
  • as a reformer, 142, 143-144;
  • radicalism of, 163;
  • inconsistencies, factiousness, and dangerous revolutionary spirit of, 164-166;
  • viewed as the logical punishment upon the American people for their sins of wrong tradition, 166.
• Heresies of American Middle Period, and sterile results of, 422-426.
• Hill, James J., 202.
• Hodder, Alfred, quoted, 144, 160, 162.
• Holland,
  • possible incorporation of, with German Empire, 253.
• Holy Alliance,
  • political system established by, 226;
  • Monroe Doctrine the American retort to, 291.
• Home rule, municipal, 347-350.
• "House of Governors," proposed, 347.
• Howe, Frederic C., 151.
• Hughes, Governor, 135.
• Human brotherhood,
  • liberty and equality subordinated to principle of, in ideal democracy, 207-208;
  • the only method of realizing the religion of, 453.

I

• Ideal,
  • necessity of an individual and a national, 5-6.
• Income taxation, 384-385.
• Individual emancipation,
  • conditions of, 409 ff.;
  • attempts at, 421 ff.;
  • means of, 427 ff.
• Individualism,
  • found in both Federalists and Republicans at close of Revolution, 32;
  • free play allowed to, through triumph of Jefferson and defeat of Hamilton, 49;
  • attitude of the pioneer Western Democrat toward, 64-65;
  • disappearance of political, in the machine, 117-125;
  • encouragement of, and restriction of central authority, result in the "Boss" and the "tainted" millionaire, 148-149;
  • abandonment of the Jeffersonian conception of, necessary for real reform, 152-154;
  • in education, as opposed to collective education, 399-409;
  • damage to American individuality from existing system of economic, 409 ff.;
  • method of exercising influence of, on behalf of social amelioration, 441 ff.
• Individuality,
  • place of, in Middle West of pioneer days, 63-65;
  • disappearance of, in work of the specialist in later development of the country, 102-103;
  • injury to, from, existing system of economic individualism, 409-410;
  • real meaning of, and of individual independence, 410 ff.;
  • question of how a democratic nation can contribute to increase of, 413.
• Industrial corporations,
  • regulation, of, 378-379.
  • See Corporations.
• Industrial legislation,
  • class discrimination in, 191.
• Inheritance tax,
  • a graduated, 381-385.
• Inheritors of fortunes, 204, 382-384.
• Initiative,
  • movement in favor of, in state governments, 320.
• Insane asylums,
  • improvement of, as a function of the state, 345.
• Institutional reform, 315 ff.
• Insurance companies,
  • attempted regulation of, by various state governments, 355.
• Internal improvements,
  • the Whig policy of, 66;
  • failure of, 67-68.
• International relations of European states, 254-264.
  • See England, France, Germany, and Russia.
• International socialism, a mistake, 210-211.
• International system,
  • a stable American, 300 ff.;
  • coöperation of Latin-American states and Mexico in, 300-303;
  • place to be held by Canada in, 303-306;
  • systematic effort to establish, a plain and inevitable consequence of the democratic national principle, 307;
  • peace in an, 311-312.
• Inter-state commerce,
  • question of state or Federal control of, 351-357;
  • policy to be followed by central government toward, 357-368.
• Inter-state Commerce Law, 112-113;
  • an example of class legislation, 191.
• Isolation,
  • loss to an individual or a nation from, far more than the gain, 263-264;
  • comparative nature of, of United States, 310-311;
  • religious sanctity given to tradition of, of United States, 313.
• Italy,
  • national feeling in, after Napoleonic epoch, 225.

J

• Jackson, Andrew,
  • the Democracy of, 52;
  • quarrelsome spirit of, contrasted with Lincoln's magnanimity, 96.
  • See Democracy, Jacksonian.
• Jefferson, Thomas,
  • doctrines of, versus those of Hamilton, 28-29;
  • as leader of the democracy the opponent of Hamilton, 42;
  • foreign policy of, 42, 53, 290, 292;
  • view of democracy as extreme individualism, 43;
  • stress laid by, on equality, 43-44;
  • sacrifice of liberty for equality by, 44-45;
  • fundamental difference between Hamilton and, 45-46;
  • conduct of, on assumption of power, 46-47;
  • Democracy of Jackson contrasted with Republicanism of, 52;
  • mutual appreciation of Western pioneer Democrats and, 52-53;
  • traces of work of, found in failure of Whigs against Jacksonian Democrats, 71;
  • wherein Lincoln differed from, 95;
  • necessity of transformation of doctrines of, before they can be nationalized, 153, 214;
  • theory and practice of, contrasted with Roosevelt's theory and practice, 170;
  • an example of triumphant intellectual dishonesty, 419.
• Jerome, William Travers,
  • as a reformer, 143-144, 155, 184;
  • personality of, 160;
  • special class of reform advocated by, 160-161;
  • lack of success in other than municipal political field, 161-162.
• Jesus,
  • intention of, in preaching non-resistance, 282.
• Judges,
  • election of state, 119;
  • life tenure of office of Federal, 200;
  • as creatures of a political machine, 318.
• Justice,
  • state reform of criminal, 344-345.

L

• Labor problem, the, 385-398.
• Labor unions, 126 ff., 385 ff.;
  • danger from aggressive and unscrupulous unionism, 128-129;
  • revolutionary purpose of, in demanding class discrimination, 129-130;
  • parallelism between big corporations and, 130, 386;
  • divergence from corporations, 131;
  • legal recognition of, demanded, and discrimination in their favor by the state, 386-387;
  • economic and social amelioration of laboring class by, 387;
  • association of laborers in, a necessity under present conditions, and the non-union man a species of industrial derelict, 387-389;
  • conditions to which unions should conform, 390-391;
  • the correct policy towards, 390;
  • preference to be given to, by state and municipal governments, but discrimination to be made between "bad" and "good" unions, 394;
  • effect of proposed constructive organization of, on non-union laborers, 395;
  • on farm laborers, 396.
• Latin-American states,
  • coöperation of, in establishment of a stable international system, 300-303;
  • necessity first for improvement in domestic condition of, 302-303.
• Law,
  • big corporations and the, 115-116.
• Lawyers,
  • function of, in American political system, 131 ff.;
  • tendency of, to specialize, 134-135;
  • those who now figure in political life, 135-136;
  • corporation lawyers, 136;
  • position occupied by, in relation to modern economic and political problem, 137.
• Legislative organization,
  • failure of American, 319-320;
  • causes, 321-324;
  • suggested remedy, 327-331;
  • quality of membership of, should be improved, 328-329;
  • preparation of measures for consideration by, 330-331.
• "Letters of an American Farmer," 8-9, 10.
• Liberty,
  • Hamilton's theory concerning, as contrasted with Jeffersonian Democrats', 44-45;
  • bearing of worship of so-called, on behavior of factions at time of slavery crisis, 79;
  • responsibility of a democracy for personal, 193 ff.;
  • economic, of the individual, 201-206;
  • subordinated and made helpful to the principle of human brotherhood, 207-208.
• Liberty and union,
  • Hamilton's idea of, 44-45;
  • prevailing view of, during "era of good feeling," 51.
• Life insurance companies,
  • attempted regulation of, by various state governments, 355.
• Lincoln, Abraham,
  • first appearance of, in debates with Douglas, 85-86;
  • service of, in seeing straighter and thinking harder than did his contemporaries, 87;
  • makes the Western Democracy understand for the first time that American nationality is a living principle, 88;
  • peculiar service rendered by and wherein his greatness lay, 88-89;
  • the personal worth of, 89;
  • early career and surroundings of, 89-90;
  • wherein he differed from the average Western Democrat, 90-91;
  • training and development of his intellect, 91-92;
  • further consideration of his character, 94 ff.;
  • contrasted with Jefferson, 95;
  • with Garrison, 95, 427;
  • with Jackson, 96;
  • necessity for emphasis of the difference between, and his contemporary fellow-countrymen, 98-99;
  • national intellectual and moral stature of, 427.
• Low, Seth, as a reformer, 143.
• Lynching,
  • cause of, 318;
  • method of stopping, 344.