Human fingers, symbol of four officers, 175.

Human foot, symbol of lower division of State, 175.

Human hand, symbol of supplication, 127, 261;

on carved slab from Santa Lucia, 172;

meaning of, 174;

wooden sceptre in form of, 174;

symbol of capital of State, 175;

on garment of chieftain at Uxmal;

on stela used as name-sign of ruler in Mexico;

symbol of ancient capital in Yucatan;

sceptre in shape of, 184;

symbol of four lords of the Above, 185;

the idea of many hands guided by one head or central power, 186;

symbol of lord or chief, 190;

expressed numeral five, 279;

Egyptian symbol of Centre and Four Quarters, 394.

Human head, on Tablet of the Cross, 236;

as corn cobs on maize plant, 237;

in serpents' jaws on calendar-stone, 257;

portraits or effigies of the dead, 276;

used as symbol of Centre, 279;

on winged bull, 337.

Human heart, symbol employed by Mexicans, Mayas, Quiches, and Tzendals, 71;

extracted from human victim of sacrifice, 91;

emblem of supplication, 127;

in sacrifice, 173, 296;

between 4 squares, symbol for chieftain, etc., 199;

on monolith “Divine Twin,” 261;

of gold on necklace of idol, 265.

Human eye used as star symbol, 279

(see Eye symbol).

Human mouth and teeth, symbolized earth or Below, 281.

Human nose, mystic union of two streams of breath, consecrated by wearing symbolical nose ornament, 282.

Human sacrifice

(see Sacrifice).

Human skull, artificial deformation of, 143.

death by disemboweling practised, 296.

Human thumb, symbol of central ruler, 175.

Humboldt, 297, 301, 319.

Humboldt Tablet, 506.

Humis-katshina, Zuñi dance, tau symbol used in, 119.

Hunter, Annie, 222.

Hupa Indians, 105.

Hurin-ayllo, lower lineage in Peru, 133.

Hurin Cuzco=the Below, 133;

division of the Inca capital including the lower class, 141, 164.

Huron Indians, 196-199, 493.

Huxley, 526, 534.

Hwang-te, Chinese emperor who introduced calendar system, 298, 301.

Idols, represented attributes of divine power, etc., 8;

tribal and household, 138, 139, 140.

Ik, Maya glyph, 225.

Illinois, cult of Polaris indicated by emblems on shell-gorget, 44.

Imix, Maya glyph, 108.

Incas of Peru, 133;

cult of, 134;

Great Temple of, 135;

gold images of Creator and of the sun, 135, 136;

form of government, based on Centre and Four Quarters, 136;

ancestor worship, 137;

origin of, 151;

use of tree symbolism, 186;

record of male and female ancestry, 186;

gold associated with male element, silver with female, 187;

associated with golden effigy of sun, 264;

advent into Peru, 539;

summary and conclusions, 546

(see also Peru).

India, divisions of year, 291;

astronomical system, 300;

swastika abounds in, 312;

Mithra, Hindu god of the wheel, 313;

Brahmans, Buddhists, 314;

marriage custom, 316;

numerical divisions, 317;

native maps of, 318;

ceremonial mode of producing fire, 318;

Middle, centrifugal power;

quadruple organization, etc., 320;

tree worship, 321;

worship of Polaris, “the pivot of the planets,” 448, note;

summary, 480;

Pythagoras derived his philosophy from, 484;

sacred fire, fire drill, fire altar, 494;

marriage, 498;

the Maghas and Nahushas compared with the Mayas of Yucatan and the Xahuas of Mexico, 509;

the idea of five elements, 526;

active intercourse with seafarers, 541;

cyclical system of, assigned to same period as Constantine's numerical scheme and the calendrical schemes of the Mayas and Mexicans, 542;

summary and conclusions, 514.

Indra, 312.

Initial scroll, in Central American inscriptions, 221, 233.

Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, 79.

Ireland, numerical divisions;

quadruple organization;

dual ruler;

Middle;

Four Quarters;

cosmical round tower;

Seven Churches;

great hall of Tara (midcourt), 468-470;

summary, in table of countries, 493.

Iroquois, social organization, 196;

wampum belts, 197;

numerical divisions, 198;

linguistic affinities with Mayas, 198, 199.

Irrigation, in ancient Peru, 146.

Ishtar, cult of, 342-350;

ring or circle, symbol of, 359, 360;

“axis of the heavens,” female Polaris, 503.

Isis, Egyptian goddess worshipped under form of cow, 406;

in sculpture and symbolism, 421-434;

called daughter of the sun, 440, 441.

Isokrates, 492.

Israelites, 345;

idea of central power;

star-cult developing into monotheism, 352, 353, 355.

Itza, tribe who occupied Chichen-Itza, 206.

Ixion's wheel, 453.

Ixkun, 210, 215, 244;

bas-relief at, 259.

Ixtlilxochitl, 33, 66, 84, 163, 255.

Izamal, ruins of, 214, 217.

Iz-calli, Mexican 20-day period, 240;

festival of “renovation,” 241.

Iztaccihuatl, giant volcano, 275.

Jade, Nahuatl word for, chalchiuitl, 34, 81;

symbol of;

emblem of water goddess, 91;

placed with dead of upper class in Mexico, 195;

jade celts from Nicaragua, 196;

ancient name for pyramid of Cholula, “the monument or precious jade stone of the Toltecs, etc.,” 269;

Chinese word for, significance of, 563, note.

Jaguar, figure of, represented four lords of the Below, 184, 185;

skeleton of, in Mound 4 at Copan, 233;

compared with ocelot, 233;

on Cross tablets at Palenque, 239

(see Ocelot, Puma, Quadruped and Animal form).

Janus, double-faced, probably symbol of double state in Rome, 463.

Japan, junks, 309;

organization founded on plan derived from Corea;

tradition about North Pole;

compared with China, 310;

Buddhism, 311;

four divisions of population, with Emperor at head;

governed by two rulers, celestial and terrestrial, 311;

swastika;

Shinto religion, 311;

quadruple organization, 311, 312;

summary, 483.

Jastrow, Morris, 327-344, 348, 350, 354, 357, 361-367.

Jensen, 327.

Jerusalem, temples to Baal and altar to Astarte, 350-352;

destruction of, 530.

Jesup expedition to the North Pacific, 534.

Jones, Sir William, 300.

Joyce, 570.

Justinian, 530.

Kaan, Maya word for cord, associated with caan, Heaven, 112.

Kaka or Akaka-kwe, mythic dance drama people, among the Zuñi, 204.

Kan=numeral four, 110;

Maya word for serpent, 112;

Nahuatl word for serpent, 189;

Chinese word for mountain, also for province or ruler, 287.

Kan-asta (Iroquois) frame poles of the council house, 197.

Kanasta-tsi-koma (Iroquois) “the great framework;”

name of Iroquois league, 197.