[383] See paper by Mr. and Mrs. Maunder in Monthly Notices, R.A.S., March, 1904, p. 506.

[384] Primitive Constellations, vol. ii. p. 143.

[385] Recherches sur l’Histoire de l’Astronomie Ancienne, by Paul Tannery (1893), p. 298.

[386] Primitive Constellations, vol. ii. p. 225.

[387] Nature, October 2, 1890.

[388] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i. pp. 243-4.

[389] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i. pp. 242-3.

[390] There are three copies of Al-Sufi’s work in the Imperial Library at Paris, but these are inaccurate. There is also one in the British Museum Library, and another in the India Office Library; but these are imperfect, considerable portions of the original work being missing.

[391] Harvard Annals, vol. ix. p. 51.

[392] The science of the risings and settings of the stars was called ilm el-anwa (Caussin, Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque due Roi, tome xii. p. 237).

[393] See Mr. E. B. Knobel’s papers on this subject in the Monthly Notices, R.A.S., for 1879 and 1884.

[394] In reading this chapter the reader is recommended to have a Star Atlas beside him for reference; Proctor’s smaller Star Atlas will be found very convenient for this purpose. On the title-page of this useful work the author quotes Carlyle’s words, “Why did not somebody teach me the constellations and make me at home in the starry heavens which are always overhead, and which I don’t half know to this day?”

[395] Bedford Catalogue, p. 29.

[396] Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 87.

[397] Heavenly Display, 579-85.

[398] Bedford Catalogue, p. 385.

[399] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 529.

[400] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i. pp. 268-9.

[401] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 48.

[402] Bedford Catalogue, pp. 27, 28.

[403] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 492.

[404] Bedford Catalogue, p. 120.

[405] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 143.

[406] Perseus.

[407] Heavenly Display, 254-8, 261-5, quoted by Brown in Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 274.

[408] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 493.

[409] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 292.

[410] Paradiso, xxii. 111.

[411] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 493.

[412] Bedford Catalogue, p. 225.

[413] Nature, April 6, 1882.

[414] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 68.

[415] Ibid., vol. i. p. 71.

[416] Bibliographie Gènèrale de l’Astronomie, vol. i. Introduction, pp. 131, 132.

[417] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i. p. 296.

[418] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 74.

[419] Cape Observations, p. 116.

[420] Metamorphoses, xv. 371.

[421] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 487.

[422] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., April 14, 1848.

[423] Prim. Const., vol. ii. p. 45.

[424] Lalande’s Astronomie, pp. 472-3.

[425] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 485.

[426] This star is not shown in Proctor’s small Atlas, but it lies between μ and ν, nearer to μ.

[427] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i. p. 247.

[428] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 489.

[429] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 91.

[430] Memoirs, R.A.S., vol. xiii. 61.

[431] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., June, 1895.

[432] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i. p. 274.

[433] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 143.

[434] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 278.

[435] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv. p. 468.

[436] Quæst. Nat., Lib. 1, Cap. I. § 6; quoted by Dr. See. “Canicula” is Sirius, and “Nartis,” Mars.

[437] Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 11, 1892.

[438] The Observatory, April, 1906, p. 175.

[439] Houzeau, Bibliographie Gènèrale de l’Astronomie, vol. i., Introduction, p. 129.

[440] English Mechanic, March 25, 1904, p. 145.

[441] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 185, footnote (Otté’s translation).

[442] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol, i. p. 277.

[443] This was pointed out by Flammarion in his work Les Étoiles, page 532; but his identifications do not agree exactly with mine.

[444] See Proctor’s Map 7, now x.

[445] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 106.

[446] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i. p. 278.

[447] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. iv.

[448] Primitive Constellations, vol. i. p. 112.

[449] Ibid., vol. i. p. 113.

[450] Lalande’s Astronomie, vol. i.

[451] W. T. Lynn in The Observatory, vol. 22, p. 236.

[452] Knowledge, May 1, 1889. Sir John Herschel, however, gives 3970 B.C.

[453] The Observatory, November 1907, p. 412.

[454] This is not, however, invariably the case, as pointed out by Mr. Denning in The Observatory, 1885, p. 340.

[455] The Observatory, vol. 8 (1885), pp. 246-7.

[456] Harvard College Observatory Annals, vol. xlviii. No. 5.

[457] Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 529.

[458] Cape Observations, p. 77.

[459] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., March, 1899.

[460] Nature, February 13, 1890.

[461] Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 530.

[462] Photographs of Star-Clusters and Nebulæ, vol. ii. p. 17.

[463] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., May 9, 1856.

[464] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 25 (1907), p. 219.

[465] Popular Astronomy, vol. 11 (1903), p. 293.

[466] Translated by W. H. Mallock, Nature, February 8, 1900, p. 352.

[467] Howard Payn, Nature, May 16, 1901, p. 56.

[468] Howard Payn, Nature, May 16, 1901, p. 56.

[469] Contributions from the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, No. 31.

[470] Quoted by Denning in Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 297.

[471] Astrophysical Journal, March, 1895.

[472] Outlines of Astronomy, Tenth Edition, p. 571.

[473] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 12, p. 136.

[474] De Placitis. Quoted by Carl Snyder in The World Machine p. 354.

[475] Popular Astronomy, vol. 14 (1906), p. 638.

[476] Article on “The Greek Anthology,” Nineteenth Century, April, 1907, quoted in The Observatory, May, 1907.

[477] Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), p. 346.

[478] Bulletin de la Soc. Ast. de France, April, 1908.

[479] The Observatory, vol. 11, p. 375.

[480] Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, p. 364.

[481] Ibid., p. 377.

[482] Ibid., p. 366.

[483] Ibid., p. 367.

[484] Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, p. 370.

[485] Nature, July 25, 1889.

[486] Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 381.

[487] Cosmos, vol. iv. pp. 381-6.

[488] Ibid., vol. i. p. 121.

[489] The Observatory, vol. 6 (1883), pp. 327-8.

[490] Nature, June 25, 1874.

[491] Popular Astronomy, May, 1895, “Reflectors or Refractors.”

[492] Denning, Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 225.

[493] Nature, November 2, 1893.

[494] Telescopic Work, p. 226.

[495] Copernicus, vol. i. p. 229.

[496] Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, p. 433.

[497] Cosmos, vol. ii. p. 699.

[498] Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, p. 536, footnote.

[499] Bedford Catalogue, p. 179.

[500] The Observatory, July, 1891.

[501] Nature, September 3, 1903.

[502] Cosmos, vol. ii. p. 669.

[503] The World Machine, p. 80.

[504] Ibid., p. 89.

[505] Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, p. 107.

[506] Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, p. 113.

[507] Nature, August 11, 1898.

[508] Ibid., August 18, 1898.

[509] Ibid., October 20, 1898.

[510] The Observatory, vol. iv. (1881), p. 234.

[511] W. T. Lynn, The Observatory, July, 1909, p. 291.

[512] Quoted in The Observatory, July, 1902, p. 281.

[513] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 6, 1897, p. 304.

[514] Celestial Cycle, p. 367.

[515] The Observatory, vol. 5 (1882), p. 251.

[516] Quoted by Humboldt in Cosmos, vol. ii. p. 696, footnote.

[517] Quoted by Denning in Telescopic Work, p. 347.

[518] Knowledge, February 20, 1885, p. 149.

[519] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. i. p. 123.

[520] Outlines of Astronomy, par. 319; edition of 1875.

[521] Bulletin de la Soc. Ast. de France, March, 1908, p. 146.

[522] An “astronomical unit” is the sun’s mean distance from the earth.

[523] This is on the American and French system of notation, but on the English system, 10⁶⁶ = 10⁶⁰ × 10⁶ would be a million decillion.

[524] Astronomical Society of the Pacific, April, 1909 (No. 125), and Popular Astronomy, May, 1909.

[525] Nature, July 22, 1909.

[526] Ibid.

[527] The Observatory, vol. 9 (December, 1886), p. 389.

[528] De Nat. Deorum, quoted in Smyth’s Cycle, p. 19.

[529] The Observatory, May, 1907.

[530] More Worlds than Ours, p. 17.

[531] Man’s Place in Nature.

Transcriber’s Notes:

Foonote 48 appears on page 28 of the text, but there is no corresponding marker on the page.

Foonote 448 appears on page 295 of the text, but there is no corresponding marker on the page.