Strabo, value of poets, iv. 152 n.
Straton,
theory of sensation, i. 63
n.,
iii. 166 n.;
Plato’s doctrine of reminiscence, ii. 250 n.
Strümpell, on Parmenidês, iii. 71 n., 75 n.
Subject,
independent object and, do not explain facts of consciousness, iii. 131;
perpetually implicated with object, 118, 122 n.,
123, 128;
in regard to intelligible world, proved from Plato, 121, 125;
shown more easily than in reference to sense, 122;
Hobbes on, 117
n.;
relations are nothing in the object without a comparing subject, 127;
see Relativity.
Subjective,
of Xenophanes, i. 18;
and objective views of ethics, Sokrates distinguished, 451;
unanimity coincident with objective dissent,
ib.;
Plato’s reference to objective and, iii. 134.
Subjectivism, an objection to Homo Mensura, iii. 151.
Suckow,
on Menexenus, iii. 412 n.;
Sophistês and Politikus,
185 n.;
Leges, iv. 431,
432.
Suicide,
Hegesias, the death-persuader, i. 202;
Cynics, and Indian Gymnosophists, 161 n.
Συμφέρον, derivation, iii. 301 n.
Συνώνυμα
and ὁμώνυμα first
distinguished by Aristotle, iii. 94 n.;
συνωνύμως,
ii. 194.
Susemihl,
on Platonic canon, coincides with Hermann, i. 310;
Timæus, iv. 218 n.
Sydenham,
on Aristippus and Eudoxus, i. 202 n.;
seat of happiness, iii. 372 n.;
Philêbus, 376 n.
Syllogistic and Inductive Dialectic, ii. 27.
Symposion,
of Xenophon, i. 152;
date, iii. 26
n.;
compared with Plato’s, 22;
of Epikurus,
ib. n.
Symposion, the, date,
i. 307, 309, 311, 312, 324, iii. 26 n.;
purpose, ii. 382
n., iii. 8;
antithesis and complement of Phædon, 22;
contains much transcendental assertion, 56;
censured for erotic character, 3 n.;
Idea of Beauty exclusively presented in, 18;
Eros, views of interlocutors, 9;
a Dæmon intermediate between gods and men, ib.;
but in Phædrus a powerful god, ib.
n., 11 n.;
amends empire of Necessity, iv. 222 n.;
discourse of Sokrates, iii. 11;
analogy of Eros to philosophy, 10,
11;
the stimulus to mental procreation, 4, 6;
knowledge, by evolution of indwelling conceptions, 17;
exaltation of Eros in a few, love of beauty in genere,
7;
common desire for immortality, 6;
attained through mental procreation, beauty the stimulus, ib.;
only metaphorical immortality recognised in, 17;
Sokrates’ personal appearance and peculiar character, 19;
proof against temptation, 20,
iv. 287;
concluding scene, iii. 19;
compared with Xenophon, 22;
Phædon, ii. 382, iii.
17-8, 22;
Phædrus, 11 n.,
11, 15,
16-8;
Philêbus, 370 n.,
399;
reading in p. 201d,
μαντικῆς,
8 n.
Syracuse, the Athenian expedition against, iii. 406.
Syssitia, iv. 280 n., 285 n., 335, 345.
Tacitus, iv. 408 n., i. 245 n.
Taste,
Empedokles, i. 46;
Demokritus, 78.
Taxation, direct, according to wealth, iv. 331.
Teaching,
denied in Menon, ii. 254
n.;
διδαχὴ and
πειθώ, distinct, ib.,
iii. 172 n.;
knowledge to be elicited out of untutored mind, how far correct, ii. 249;
dialectician alone can teach, iii. 37;
idéal unrealisable, 51;
books (q. v.) and lectures of
little use, 34;
proper use of dialectic and rhetoric, 40;
of rhetoricians, practical value of, 45;
Sokrates’ and Aristotle’s views, 53 n.;
exercises for students, 79,
80 n.,
90 n.;
parents’ jealousy towards influential teachers, ii. 265 n.
Τεχνίτης, ii. 272 n.
Teleology,
physiology of Timæus subordinated to
ethical, iv. 257;
see Ends.
Temperance,
σωφροσύνη,
ii. 153 n.;
as treated by Plato and Aristotle, 170;
is self-knowledge, 155;
and with justice the condition of happiness and freedom, 12;
the condition of virtue and happiness, 358;
and intelligence identical, having same contrary, 279;
a kind of sedateness, objections, 154;
a variety of feeling of shame, refuted,
ib.;
doing one’s own business, refuted, 155;
as cognition of cognition
and of non-cognition, of no avail for our end, happiness, 159, 160;
not the science of good and evil, and of little service, 161;
undiscovered, but a good, 162;
Charmidês, difficulties unnoticed in Politikus,
iii. 282;
in state, iv. 34-5;
distinction effaced between justice and, 135;
relation to rest of virtue, 425.
Thales,
philosophy, i. 4;
doctrine of eclipses, 6
n.;
foretold eclipse, 4
n.;
misrepresented by Cicero, ib.
Θαρράλεος, ii. 145 n.
Theætêtus,
date, i. 307-10,
313,
315, 324, 325 n.,
ii. 228 n.,
iii. 111 n.;
purpose, 167
n., 176;
value, 177;
great advance in analytical psychology, 164;
negative result,
176;
difficulties not solved in any other dialogue, 180;
sophisms in, 158
n.;
like Megarics, i. 134
n.;
method contrasted with Philêbus, iii. 335 n.;
scenery and personages, 110;
Sokrates’ mental obstetric, 112;
what is knowledge, 111;
sensible perception, ib., 113, 154, 256;
doctrine erroneously identified with Homo Mensura, 113, 118, 120 n.,
122, 162 n.;
Herakleitean flux, 114,
115, 126, 128;
Empedokles’ doctrine, 114, 115;
Plato’s exposition confused, 114;
relativity of sensible facts, 126,
154;
divergences of men, from mental and associative difference, 155;
statesman and philosopher contrasted, 183;
the genuine ruler a shepherd, iv. 10;
relativity twofold, to comparing subject, and to another object,
besides the one directly described, iii. 127;
relations are nothing in the object without a comparing subject,
ib.;
no absolute ens, 129;
arguments from dreams, &c., answered, 130;
Plato’s reference to subjective and objective, 134;
Homo Mensura, true meaning, 137, 164 n.;
its counter-proposition, 148;
Plato’s arguments against Homo Mensura, 135;
he ignores the proper qualification, 137;
the doctrine equalises all animals, 135, 292;
not true in the sense meant, 141;
the wise man alone a measure, 136;
reply, 143;
special knowledge required, where future consequences involved, 136;
but Relativity does not imply that every man believes himself to be
infallible, 145;
it annuls dialectic — not true, 146;
sensible perception does not include memory,
157;
argument from analogy of seeing and not seeing at the same time,
ib.;
the mind sees not with but through
the eyes, 159;
the mind makes several judgments by itself, 160;
knowledge lies in the mind’s comparisons respecting sensible
perceptions, 161;
difference from modern views, 162;
cognition is true opinion — objections, 168, 184 n.;
are false opinions possible, 169,
181 n.;
waxen memorial tablet in the mind, 169;
distinction of possessing, and having actually in hand, knowledge, 170;
simile of pigeon-cage, 171;
false opinion impossible or a man may know what he does not know, 170;
the confusions of cognitions and non-cognitions, refuted, 171;
for rhetors communicate true opinion, not knowledge, 172;
knowledge is true opinion plus rational
explanation, 173;
analogy of elements and compounds, ib.;
rejected, 175;
compared with Phædrus, 18;
Symposion,
ib.;
Sophistês, 181 n.,
187, 227, 242, 258, 332;
Politikus, 185 n.,
187, 256;
Kratylus, 332;
Philêbus, 335 n.
Theagês,
authenticity, i. 306,
309, 319, ii. 98, 100 n.,
107;
prolixity, 100
n.;
analogy with Lachês, 104;
its peculiarity, the dæmon,
ib.;
explains eccentricity of Sokrates, 105;
Theagês desires a teacher of wisdom, 99;
incompetence of best statesmen for teaching, 100;
Sokrates asked to teach — declares inability, 101;
excuse, 105;
sometimes useful — his experience of his dæmon,
102;
Theagês anxious to be Sokrates’ companion, 103.
Themistius, i. 388 n.
Theology,
not a progressive science, ii. 428;
primitive, contrasted by Aristotle with “human
wisdom,” i. 3
n.;
see God, Religion.
Theophrastus,
friend of Ptolemy Soter, i. 279;
banished from Athens, ib.
n.;
change in Peripatetic school after death of, 272;
physiology, 46
n.;
combated Demokritus’ theory of vision, 78 n.;
criticises Demokritean division of qualities, 80 n.;
astronomy, 257
n.;
Plato’s doctrine of earth’s position, iv. 424 n.;
sophism, Mentiens, i. 134 n.;
fate, 143
n.
Theopompus,
view of dialectic, i. 450;
qualities non-existent without the mind,
iii. 74 n.;
on profession of Sophist, i. 212 n.;
authorship of Plato’s dialogues, 112 n.,
115.
Theory, difference between precepts and, iv. 131.
Thomson, on Parmenidês, iii. 84 n.
Thrasyllus,
on Platonic canon, i. 265;
follows Aristophanes’ classification, 295, 299;
not an internal sentiment, 298;
trustworthiness, 299;
acknowledged till 16th century, 301;
more trustworthy than moderns, 335;
classifies in Tetralogies works of Plato and Demokritus, 273 n.;
not the order established by Plato, 335 n.;
classification of Demokritus, 295 n.;
Plato’s works — dramatic, philosophical, 289;
his principle, 294
n.;
incongruity, 294;
of Search, of Exposition defective but useful, 361;
erroneously applied, 364;
coincides with Aristotle’s two methods, Dialectic,
Demonstrative, 362;
sub-classes recognised, 366;
the scheme, when principles correctly applied, 365;
did not doubt Hipparchus, 297 n.;
nor Erastæ, ii. 121;
Kleitophon in Republic
tetralogy, iii. 419.
Thrasymachus, iii. 419, iv. 7.
Thucydides,
pupil of Sokrates, ii. 102;
probably never read by Plato, iii. 411 n.;
the gods’ jealousy, iv. 165 n.;
speeches of Perikles, ii. 373 n.,
373, iv. 148 n.;
Melian dialogue, ii. 341
n., i. 180 n.
Θυμός, derivation, iii. 301 n.
Thurot, on Sophists, i. 389 n.
Timæus,
date, i. 307,
309,
311-3, 315,
325, iii.
368 n.;
sequel to Republic, iv. 215;
is earliest physical theory extant in its author’s words, 216;
how much mythical,
255 n.;
relation to old Greek cosmogonies, i. 87, iv. 255 n.;
coincidence with Orpheus,
ib.;
adopted by Alexandrine Jews as a parallel to Mosaic Genesis, 256;
physiology subordinated to ethical teleology, 257;
Plato’s theory, acknowledged to be merely an
εἰκὼς
λόγος, 217;
contrast with Sokrates, Isokrates, Xenophon,
ib.;
subject and persons, 215;
position and character of Pythagorean Timæus, 216;
fundamental distinction of ens and fientia,
219;
no knowledge of kosmos obtainable, 220;
Demiurgus, Ideas, and Chaos postulated,
ib., iii. 121;
Demiurgus, how conceived by other philosophers of same century, iv. 254;
kosmos a living being and a god, 220, 223;
Time began with, 227;
Demiurgus produces kosmos by persuading Necessity, 220, 238;
process of demiurgic construction, iii. 409 n.,
iv. 223;
copy of the
Αὐτόζωον, 223, 227, 235 n.,
263;
body, form, and rotation of kosmos, 225, 229, 237, 252;
change of view in Epinomis, 424 n.;
position and elements of soul of kosmos, 225;
affinity to human, iii. 366
n.;
four elements not primitive, iv. 238;
varieties of each element, 242;
forms of the elements, 239;
Ideas and Materia Prima, iii. 397 n.,
iv. 239;
primordial chaos, 240;
geometrical theory of the elements, ib.;
borrowed from Pythagoreans, i. 349 n.;
Aristotle on, iv. 241
n.;
primary and visible gods, 229;
secondary and generated gods, 230;
Plato’s acquiescence in tradition, 230-3, 241 n.;
address of Demiurgus to generated gods, 233;
preparations for man’s construction, a soul placed in each
star, 235;
construction of man, 243;
Demiurgus conjoins three souls and one body, 233;
generated gods fabricate cranium as miniature of kosmos, with rational
soul rotating within, 235;
mount cranium on a tall body, 236;
man the cause of evil, 234;
inconsistency,
ib. n.;
organs of sense, 236;
soul tripartite, compared with Phædon,
ii. 384;
the gentle, tender, and æsthetical emotions omitted, iv. 149 n.;
each part at once material and mental, 257;
seat of, 259
n.;
thoracic, function of heart and lungs, 245, 259 n.;
abdominal, function of liver, 245,
259;
seat of prophetic agency, 246;
function of spleen, ib.;
object of length of intestinal canal, 247;
bone, flesh, marrow, nails, mouth, teeth, 247;
vision, sleep, dreams, 237;
advantages of sight and hearing, ib.;
mortal soul of plants, 248;
plants for man’s nutrition, ib.;
general survey of diseases, 249;
Plato compared with Aristotle and Hippokrates, 260;
mental diseases arise from body, 250;
no man voluntarily wicked, 249;
preservative and healing agencies, 260;
treatment of mind by itself, 251;
rotations of kosmos to be studied, 252;
contrast of Plato’s admiration, with degenerate realities, 262, 264;
genesis of women and inferior animals from degenerate man, 252;
degeneracy
originally intended, 263;
poetical close, 264;
compared with Protagoras, ii. 268 n.;
Phædon, 383, 407 n.,
411, 412, 422, iv. 239 n.;
Phædrus,
ib.;
Theætêtus, iii. 163;
Philêbus, 397 n.;
Republic, iv. 38 n.,
253 n.;
Leges, 276,
389 n.;
Epinomis, 424 n.
Time,
contents of the idea of, i. 20 n.;
and space comprised in Parmenides’ ens, 19;
Herakleitus’ doctrine, iv. 228 n.;
Plato’s imagination of momentary stoppages in, iii. 100, 102;
Aristotle, 103;
began with the kosmos, iv. 227;
difficulties of Diodôrus Kronus, i. 145;
Stoical belief, iii. 101
n.;
Harris, i. 146
n.;
calendar of ancients, iv. 325 n.
Tracy, Destutt,
Homo Mensura, iii. 292 n.;
individualism, 139
n.;
origin of language, 328
n.
Tragedy,
mixed pleasure and pain excited by, iii. 355 n.;
Plato’s aversion to Athenian, iv. 316, 350;
peculiar to himself, 317;
Aristotle differs, ib.
n.
Trendelenburg,
on Platonic canon, i. 345
n.;
Philêbus, iii. 398 n.;
relativity of knowledge, 124 n.
Truth,
and Good and Real, coalesce in Plato’s mind, ii. 88, iii. 391;
obtainable by reason only, Demokritus’ doctrine, i. 72;
the search after, the business of life to Sokrates and Plato, 396;
per se interesting, 403;
modern search goes on silently, 369;
philosophy is reasoned, vii-ix;
its criterion, ii. 247;
resides in universals, 411,
412, iv. 3 n.;
necessary, iii. 253
n.;
all persuasion founded on a knowledge of, 28;
generating cause of error, 33;
dialectic the standard for classifying sciences as more or less true, 383;
classification of true and false, how applied to cognitions, 394;
its valuable principles, 395;
is falsehood possible? 199;
is theoretically possible, and its production may be object of such a
profession as Sophists, 214;
lie for useful end, justifiable, ii. 347 n.,
iv. 3 n.;
Aristotle on, iii. 386
n.;
see Mythe.
Turgot,
on etymology, iii. 303
n.;
Existence, 135 n.;
hopelessness of defining common and vague terms, ii. 186 n.
Tyndall, Prof., i. 373 n.
Type gives natural groups, definition classes, ii. 48, 193 n.