Bavaria, the Dukes of, 319, 325, 370, 376.

Bebel, Heinrich, 67.

Beer, Einbecker, 277 n., 293.

Beggars, ecclesiastical, 142.

Begging, a Christian virtue, 142.

Beguines and Beguine-houses, 116, 142.

Beham, Hans Sebaldus, artist, 62.

Beheim, Hans, supposed to have abducted Luther, 295.

Belgrade, 19.

Bernard of Clairvaux, 125, 205, 209, 433 and n.

Bessarion, Cardinal, 48 f.

Bible, translations of the, into the vernacular, 149 f., 174, 387, 402.

See Scripture.

Biblia Pauperum, 117.

Biel, Gabriel, 55, 196, 199.

Bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 380 ff.

Bishops, modes of electing, 8, 24.

Black Death, the, in England, 20, 440.

Boccaccio, 47.

Böhm, Hans, and the socialist revolts, 99 ff., 135.

Bologna, University of, 64;

a great Law School, 2;

city of, 360.

Bonaventura on Indulgences, 221, 224.

Bonzio, Cardinal, 2.

Books in the German language due to the Reformation, 300.

Bosnia, 19.

Bourges, Concordat of, 11.

Brand, Sebastian, author of Narrenschiff, quoted, 17;

on usury, 84;

on the Niklashausen pilgrims, 102;

on the diffusion of Scripture, 151 n.; 52, 58, 118.

Brandenburg, the Elector of, Joachim i. (1499-1535), 341;

Joachim ii. (1535-1571),

Fat old Interim, 377, 383, 395, 396;

Margrave of, George, 326, 346, 362, 373;

Margrave of Brandenburg-Culmbach, Albert Alcibiades, 383, 393;

Albert of (brother of Joachim i.), Archbishop of Mainz, see Mainz;

Albert of (brother of Margrave George), secularises his principality, becomes Duke of East Prussia and a Protestant, 326;

province of, peasants die of starvation, 111;

secular administration of the Church in fifteenth century, 140.

Brask, Johan, Bishop of Linkoeping, 423.

Braunfells, Otto, 306.

Bremen, an episcopal State, 81, 320, 373.

Brenz, John, 353, 391, 392.

Breslau, the students' paradise, 53, 378.

Brethren of the Common Lot, the, 51 ff.;

their relation to the praying circles of the German Mystics, 154.

Brethren, the, mediæval evangelical nonconformists, 150, 152 ff.;

distributed devotional literature, 155.

Brethren of St. Anthony, 143.

Brethren of St. James (Jacobs-Brüder), 134.

Brissmann, John, 305.

Brotherhood, the Evangelical, 329, 334.

Brotherhoods in the fifteenth century, the Blessed Virgin, 135;

of St. Anna, the Grandmother, 136;

of the Eleven Thousand Virgins (St. Ursula's Schifflein), 145;

among the artisans, 146;

the Holy Brotherhood (Hermandad) of Spain, 28.

Brück, Dr. Gregory, Chancellor of Electoral Saxony, 266 n., 276, 278, 363, 366, 369.

Brunswick, the city of, churches in, 116.

Bucer, Martin, the Reformer of Strassburg, 284, 306, 310, 353, 374, 380, 391.

Bugenhagen, John, 306.

Bulls, papal, Execrabilis et pristinis, 5;

Pastor Æternus, 5;

Inter cetera divinæ, 5;

this Bull bestowed the continent of America upon Ferdinand and Isabella, 5 n.;

Unam Sanctam, 1 n., 4;

Exurge Domine, the first Bull against Luther, 247 f.;

Decet Romanum, the second Bull against Luther, 267 n.

Bundschuh League, the, peasant risings under, 103 ff., 110;

the banner, 103, 105;

the watchword of revolt, 296.

Burchard, John, 16.

Bürgerrecht, Das christliche, 350.

Burgmaier, Hans, artist, 67.

Burgundy, the district of, 21;

the Duke of, see Charles the Bold.

Burkhardt, George, of Spelt. See Spalatinus.

Burning the Pope's Bull, 251.

Burning heretics, 248;

heretical books, 259, 264, 299.

Busch, Hermann von, 52, 67.

Butzbach, Johann (a wandering student), 55.

Cadan, peace of, 377, 379.

Cajetan, Thomas de Vio, Cardinal, 232, 247, 252, 303.

Calabria, Greek spoken in, 46.

Calvin, John, and St. Anna, 136;

and Dean Colet, 165;

and the Augsburg Confession, 365;

on the doctrine of Scripture, 462, 465, 467 n.;

the impious mysteries of Calvin, 398 n.; 475, 476.

Campeggio, Lorenzo, papal nuncio, 184, 322, 361, 370.

Canon Law, based on the Decretum of Gratian, 2.

Canterbury, Archbishop of, 12, 349.

Capitalist class, rise of a, 83.

Capito, Wolfgang, 309.

Cappel, battle of (Zwingli slain), 374.

Caraccioli, Marino, papal nuncio, 262, 297.

Carlstadt, Andrew Bodenstein of, 211 n., 237, 249, 308;

and the Wittenberg “tumult,” 311 ff.;

dispenses the Lord's Supper in evangelical fashion, 313;

responsible for the "Wittenberg Ordinance," 314, 316, 320, 337;

on the Lord's Supper, 356, cf. 313;

in Denmark, 419.