—Berkshire (Miss Thoyts, Antiquary, xxvii. 254).

These lines are sung while the children dance round in a circle. When the last words are sung, the children flop down upon the ground. The tune sung is, Miss Thoyts says, that of “Nuts in May.”

Lend Me your Key

One child represents an old woman, and the other players carry on the dialogue with her. At the end of the dialogue the children are chased by the old woman.

See “Mother, Mother, may I go out to Play,” “Witch.”

Letting the Buck out

See “Who goes round my Stone Wall?”

Level-coil

In the margin we have this explanation: “A kinde of Christmas play, wherein each hunteth the other from his seat. The name seems derived from the French levez sus, in English, arise up.” Halliwell’s Dictionary says that Skelton, ii. 31, spells it levell suse.

Libbety, Libbety, Libbety-lat

Limpy Coley

Little Dog I call you

If the girl who desired the golden ball laughs, the Dog picks her out. If nobody laughs, he guesses who the girl is that has wished for the golden ball. If the Dog guesses correctly, she goes and stands behind him, and if he guesses incorrectly she goes and stands behind the one who has been asking the questions. They continue this until they get to the last girl or girl at the end of the row, who must have desired to be—

Then the questioner says—

If the Dog guesses the right one, he takes that girl on his side, she standing behind him. Then they draw a line and each side tries to pull the other over it.—Sheffield (S. O. Addy). The game, it will be seen, differs in several ways from the other games of “Fool, Fool, come to School” type. The “fool” becomes a definite Dog, and the players wish for any thing they choose; the Dog has apparently to find out their wishes.

See “All the Birds,” “Fool, Fool.”

Lobber

See “Cat,” “Cudgel,” “Kit-Cat,” “Rounders.”

Loggats

London

A diagram (similar to Fig. 9 in “Hopscotch”) is drawn on a slate, and two children play. A piece of paper or small piece of glass or china, called a “chipper,” is used to play with. This is placed at the bottom of the plan, and if of paper, is blown gently towards the top; if of glass or china, it is nicked with the fingers. The first player blows the paper, and in whichever space the paper stops makes a small round o with a slate pencil, to represent a man’s head. The paper or chipper is then put into the starting-place again, and the same player blows, and makes another “man’s head” in the space where the paper stops. This is continued until all the spaces are occupied. If the paper goes a second time into a space already occupied by a “head,” the player adds a larger round to the “head,” to represent a “body;” if a third time, a stroke is drawn for a leg, and if a fourth time, another is added for the second leg; this completes a “man.” If three complete men in one space can be gained, the player makes “arms;” that is, two lines are drawn from the figures across the space to the opposite side of the plan. This occupies that space, and prevents the other player from putting any “men” in it, or adding to any already there. When all the spaces are thus occupied by one player, the game is won. Should the paper be blown on to a line or outside the plan, the player is out; the other player then begins, and makes as many “men” in her turn, until she goes on a line or outside. Should the paper go into “London,” the player is entitled to make a “head” in every space, or to add another mark to those already there.—Westminster (A. B. Gomme). This game resembles one described by F. H. Low in Strand Mag., ii. 516.

London Bridge

[Play]

[Play]

[Play version 1, version 2]

I.

—Belfast, Ireland (W. H. Patterson).

II.

—[London][5] (Halliwell’s Nursery Rhymes, clii.).

III.

—Liphook, Hants (Miss Fowler).

IV.

[After these verses have been sung—]

—Hurstmonceux, Sussex (Miss Chase).

V.

—Clun (Burne’s Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 518-19).

VI.

VII.

[Then follow verses in the same style and with the same refrain, beginning with—]

—Enborne School, Berks (M. Kimber).

VIII.

—Cork (Mrs. B. B. Green).

IX.

(b) This game is now generally played like “Oranges and Lemons,” only there is no “tug-of-war” at the end. Two children hold up their clasped hands to form an arch. The other children form a long line by holding to each other’s dresses or waists, and run under. Those who are running under sing the first verse; the two who form the arch sing the second and alternate verses. At the words, “What has this poor prisoner done?” the girls who form the arch catch one of the line (generally the last one). When the last verse is sung the prisoner is taken a little distance away, and the game begins again. At Clun the players form a ring, moving round. They sing the first and alternate verses, and chorus, “London Bridge is broken down.” Two players outside the ring run round it, singing the second and alternate verses. When singing “Penny loaves’ll get stole away,” one of the two outside children goes into the ring, the other remains and continues her part, singing the next verse. When the last verse is sung the prisoner is released. The Berkshire game (Miss Kimber) is played by the children forming two long lines, each line advancing and retiring alternately while singing their parts. When the last verse is begun the children form a ring and gallop around, all singing this last verse together. In the Cork version (Mrs. Green) the children form a circle by joining hands. They march round and round, singing the verses to a sing-song tune. When singing, “If the cock should meet a hen,” they all unclasp hands; two hold each other’s hands and form an arch. The rest run under, saying the last verse. The “arch” lower their hands and try to catch the last child.

(c) The analysis of the game-rhymes is on pp. 342-45. It appears from this analysis that the London version is alone in its faithful reflection of an actual building episode. Three other versions introduce the incident of watching by a man, and failing him, a dog or cock; while five versions introduce a prisoner. This incident occurs the greatest number of times. It is not surprising that the London version seems to be the most akin to modern facts, being told so near the spot indicated by the verses, and on this account it cannot be considered as the oldest of the variants. There remain the other two groups. Both are distinguished by the introduction of a human element, one as watchman, the other as prisoner. The watchman incident approaches nearer to modern facts; the prisoner incident remains unexplained by any appeal to modern life, and it occurs more frequently than the others. In only one case, the Shropshire, is the prisoner ransomed; in the others he is sent to prison. Besides this main line of criticism brought out by the analysis there is little to note. The Hurstmonceux version begins with taking lambs over London Bridge, and the Shropshire version with the players themselves going over; but these are doubtless foreign adjuncts, because they do not properly prefix the main incident of the bridge being broken. The Belfast version has a curious line, “Grant said the little bee or dee,” which the Cork version renders, “Gran says the little D.” To these there is now no meaning that can be traced, but they help to prove that the rhyme originated from a state of things not understood by modern players. In all the versions with the prisoner incident it comes quite suddenly, without any previous indication, except in the Kent version, which introduces the exclamation, “Here’s a prisoner I have got!” As the analysis shows the prisoner incident to be a real and not accidental part of the game, and the unmeaning expressions to indicate an origin earlier than modern players can understand, we can turn to other facts to see if the origin can be in any way traced.

ANALYSIS OF GAME-RHYMES.